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Swimming As Easy In Syrup As In Water

chthonicdaemon writes "Nature is running a story about scientists at the University of Minnesota who proved that swimming speed is not a large function of the viscosity of the liquid. To do this, they thickened the water in a pool with guar gum. Fun ensued. This is the type of thing that usually keeps to thought experiments. Interesting to see someone prove it."

64 of 94 comments (clear)

  1. resistance by alatesystems · · Score: 1

    It seems like a thicker liquid that is not near solid would be easier to swim in since you can effectively pull yourself forward with the same strokes more at a time. In other words, your body moves more than your arm does in the stroke, the intent to the stroke.

    The article says that neither produced faster times consistantly, however, so whatever. I don't plan on swimming in syrup. That's nasty.

    Chris

    1. Re:resistance by Holi · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I think the increased force used to pull your self through the water is offset by the increased viscosity of the fluid.

      --
      Sorry, teleporters just kill you and then make a copy. A perfect, soul-less copy.
    2. Re:resistance by Holi · · Score: 1

      The thing is they should have increased the distance as swimming through syrup will be more tiring as you will have to expend more energy to move through the more viscous fluid.

      So sez the guy who did not read the article.

      and yes I am replying to my own post.

      --
      Sorry, teleporters just kill you and then make a copy. A perfect, soul-less copy.
  2. Forget swimming by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    How about having sex in the stuff?

  3. What about no very low viscosity? by vasqzr · · Score: 4, Interesting


    How come I can't swim in air?

    1. Re:What about no very low viscosity? by skinfitz · · Score: 1

      Have you ever tried?

    2. Re:What about no very low viscosity? by Daktaklakpak · · Score: 1

      well clearly the results of this experiment only hold within a certain regime. if the viscosity varies too much in either direction, your swimming effectiveness would decrease, i'm sure. picture this: you're swimming in a fluid that's so viscous that it's essentially solid (eg glass). are you gonna go anywhere? NO! You wouldn't even be able to do a single stroke. All the experiment proves is that within a certain range of viscosities above the viscosity of water, people's swimming speeds don't vary much. if you go outside of that range you sure as hell will notice that this doesn't hold true anymore.

    3. Re:What about no very low viscosity? by dykofone · · Score: 2, Funny

      Sure you can. The trick is to make sure you're not touching anything (e.g. ground). At least that's the part that's slowed me down so far. Every time I try and leave the ground I just end up back on it a short time later. (an interesting note: the longer the time period between being in contact with the ground, the more it hurts when I regain contact).

    4. Re:What about no very low viscosity? by MindStalker · · Score: 1

      Well sure it may take you a thousand years to pull off that one stroke, but when your done, damn you'll be flying.

    5. Re:What about no very low viscosity? by NanoGator · · Score: 1

      "How come I can't swim in air?"

      Because you're not missing the ground.

      --
      "Derp de derp."
    6. Re:What about no very low viscosity? by jonadab · · Score: 1

      > How come I can't swim in air?

      You can. But only in very low gravity; at sea level, you can't stay afloat
      in air, for lack of adequate buoyancy, so you sink to the bottom of the pool.

      --
      Cut that out, or I will ship you to Norilsk in a box.
    7. Re:What about no very low viscosity? by |/|/||| · · Score: 3, Funny
      Everybody knows that the trick is simply to hurl your body at the ground, but miss. Try it. The best way to do it is to have somebody distract you at the last moment.

      --
      [javac] 100 errors
    8. Re:What about no very low viscosity? by Trackster · · Score: 1

      You can, via mechanical swimming devices called Airplanes.

    9. Re:What about no very low viscosity? by s0l0m0n · · Score: 1

      *CRASH*

      OWWW!

      Thanks for the froody advice. Your mother is a Vogon lit teacher.

  4. Terminal Velocity by Arrepiadd · · Score: 3, Interesting

    If the viscosity of a fluid doesn't influence your speed through it how come you have a terminal velocity while falling in air but not in vacuum.

    And, as someone said, why can't we swim in air?

    1. Re:Terminal Velocity by be951 · · Score: 4, Informative
      If the viscosity of a fluid doesn't influence your speed through it...

      Because that is not actually true. The article seems to describe the experiment fairly well, but the underlying theory quite poorly. If objects (or swimmers) were simply launched into the fluid, the difference would be much more obvious. The key point in the experiment is that you gain about the same amount propelling yourself as you lose due to greater drag for the limited range of viscosities investigated (very high or low viscosity could produce different results).

    2. Re:Terminal Velocity by rusty0101 · · Score: 4, Informative

      Both are actually the same question. Your body is not structured to "swim" in air. Swiming in air is what we call flying. In all cases forward motion is derived by using force to put stuff that was in front of you, behind you, and the reaction is you going forward.

      You are not designed to "float" or "fly" in material as lightly viscous as our atmosphere. The relative density between us, and our lack of a structure designed to produce lift are working against us.

      That's not to say that you can't go a long way towards solving this problem. The suits some skydivers use, with pannels betwen their legs, and from legs to arms, allow them to glide a lot further, and have a different perceived terminal velocity than skydivers without these pannels.

      Our largest failing is that we do not have a wishbone to hang the necesary musculature on for us to convert our arms to wings. This is true even if our bones were filled with air rather than marrow. (side effect, unless the marrow is given a new portion of the body to reside in, our immune system would have some serious issues.)

      -Rusty

      --
      You never know...
    3. Re:Terminal Velocity by Proud+like+a+god · · Score: 3, Interesting

      But when you're travelling through air you're not only countering drag but attempting to create enough lift to counter your weight. Purely forward swimming through air in a weightless environment wouldnt require some energy diverted to counter your weight, quite unlike flying today.

    4. Re:Terminal Velocity by jonadab · · Score: 1

      > If the viscosity of a fluid doesn't influence your speed through it how
      > come you have a terminal velocity while falling in air but not in vacuum

      Unrelated. Terminal velocity has to do with the coefficient of dynamic
      friction versus the acceleration due to gravity ballancing eachother out.
      Swimming speed is orthogonal to the gravitational acceleration, due to your
      buoyancy, and as far as the coefficient of friction, the friction of your
      torso and head is offset by the friction of your limbs going the other way,
      so it comes out to nothing (which is what this experiment was all about).

      > And, as someone said, why can't we swim in air?

      You can. In freefall. Or inside an air-filled container in orbit.
      What you can't do in air is float, because you're too dense.

      --
      Cut that out, or I will ship you to Norilsk in a box.
    5. Re:Terminal Velocity by ByteSlicer · · Score: 1

      side effect, unless the marrow is given a new portion of the body to reside in, our immune system would have some serious issues

      Note: Although bird bones are mostly hollow and filled with air, they still contain marrow (but the marrow cavities are smaller).

    6. Re:Terminal Velocity by imroy · · Score: 1

      I remember seeing a documentary on TV once where they calculated/estimated the size of the flight muscles (mainly the pectorals) necessary for humans to fly. Needless to say, they would have to be pretty huge. They reckoned that the anchoring ridge on the sternum for these muscles would project out about a foot!

    7. Re:Terminal Velocity by Garse+Janacek · · Score: 1
      If the viscosity of a fluid doesn't influence your speed through it ... why can't we swim in air?

      Air is a fluid? You learn something new every day...

      Seriously, viscosity of a fluid is one thing, but the very definition of "fluid" means that the molecules are packed an awful lot closer together than they are in the atmosphere. That's (one of) the problem(s) with swimming in air.

      --

      I am the man with no sig!

    8. Re:Terminal Velocity by Martin+Blank · · Score: 1

      You're confusing "fluid" with "liquid" -- a very common mistake, but a mistake nonetheless. Fluids can be gaseous, liquid, or even made up of solids -- anything that can flow. Solids can act as a fluid if they're small enough for the given environment (analysis of traffic bottlenecks is one example of the application of fluid dynamics on a macro scale).

      --
      You can never go home again... but I guess you can shop there.
  5. where are the photos by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    any magazine/newpaper/website that publishes a story like this without photo's should have their ministry of information publishing permit revoked.

  6. Cool experiments by poj · · Score: 1

    IMHO it's one of the coolest experiments I've heard about.
    And there's no need to discuss the problem in the future.
    I just hope somebody reproduce the experiment to verify it.

    1. Re:Cool experiments by mingust · · Score: 1

      You try saying that when your tuition is paying to fill the University swimming pool with Syrup.

      --
      ~mingust
  7. Detials here by lhaeh · · Score: 5, Informative
    Going for the goo

    It gives you an idea of how they setup the experement.

    The team devised a Rube Goldberg-like contraption using a large green plastic garbage can, a drill with a mixing head, and a length of PVC piping. The device permitted them to pump the guar gum solution directly into the pool, an operation that took about four hours on a Saturday afternoon.

  8. Bad analogy by El · · Score: 3, Funny

    try running with a large newspaper held in front of you and see how much more difficult it is.Well, yeah, because you keep running into things because you can't see! Also, a newpaper does not remain flat when subjected to wind resistance. Methinks using a stiff piece of cardboard or even a windsurfer sail would be a much better example...

    --

    "Freedom means freedom for everybody" -- Dick Cheney

    1. Re:Bad analogy by rusty0101 · · Score: 5, Informative

      It is an even worse analogy than that. The cause of the resistance is not the flat face of the surface, but the flat back of the surface causing turbulance, and drag.

      Put a cone on the back of whatever you are trying to push through the air, and the resistance will be significantly lower.

      -Rusty

      --
      You never know...
  9. Best swimmer by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    "The best swimmer should have the body of a snake and the arms of a gorilla," recommends Cussler. Well, as long as we're making ridiculous analogies, I think the best swimmer would have a propeller coming out of their ass!

    1. Re:Best swimmer by Saige · · Score: 1

      Sounds like Trogdor would have an easy time winning swimming meets, if he decided to go that route.

      Or would his little wings cause too much drag and counteract the properly-shaped body?

      --
      "You know your god is man-made when he hates all the same people you do."
  10. charming but... by nmec · · Score: 1

    It's not exactly something you'd want to dabble your feet in on a summers day...

  11. Why would it? by charlie763 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    It's really the ratio of the force of friction of you body moving through the water compared to the force of friction of your arms moving in the opposite direction.

    Think about this: If you try to swim in space with its near zero friction, do you go anywhere? No, you don't because there is nothing to push against.

    One thing that might cause a more viscus liquid to slow a swimmer (ignoring fatigue)is the resistance of the liquid to moving behind a swimmer. This creates a vacuum and would be move force for the swimmer to fight.

    I'd like to see them try this experiment in molasses so we can really see if there is a difference!

    --
    Welcome to the land of the free...pay toll ahead...no photography...please open your bag...
    1. Re:Why would it? by RedHat+Rocky · · Score: 1

      The parent said "space", not an air-filled environment with zero gravity.

      You are correct,however, one should be able to swim in air at zero gravity, though I would imagine the effort to get going would be pretty high. Turning would be very interesting!

      --
      Anything is possible given time and money.
    2. Re:Why would it? by p3d0 · · Score: 1

      Ok, I guess you're smarter than Isaac Newton then.

      --
      Patrick Doyle
      I mod down every jackass who puts his moderation policy in his sig. Oh, wait a sec....
  12. Next up: by gardyloo · · Score: 4, Funny

    The mechanics of Natalie Portman locomotion in thermally elevated, coarsely-ground, boiled maize.

  13. Now try it really thick! by iamlucky13 · · Score: 2, Informative

    I wish we could've tried this in our fluid's lab!

    I doubt you would get the same effect if you continued to increase the viscosity. The human body has relatively high "form drag" which is resistance due to the shape. At lower viscosities, this would be the significant force. At higher viscosities, the effect of "skin drag" begins to win over. This is caused by shear stress in the boundary layer. In an attempt at English, that means that the fluid immediately in contact with your skin as you swim is moving the same speed as you are. As you move further out, there is a gradient where the layers of the fluid are moving at slower speeds until the edge of the boundary, where the fluid is moving at the ambient velocity (0). The effect of these layers moving at different speeds is a resistance to movement due the viscosity of the liquid. It's easier to explain with pictures.

    And you can't swim in air because you sink to the bottom.

    1. Re:Now try it really thick! by MTSchaffer · · Score: 1

      My friends and I have had an argument similar to this for a few years now and we can't seem to come to a conclusion. If you filled a swimming pool full of Jello and let it gel then jumped into it and sank to the bottom, would you be able to swim yourself out?

    2. Re:Now try it really thick! by bar-agent · · Score: 1

      Take inspiration from this experiment -- and find out!

      Don't forget a breathing tube and/or rope, just in case...

      --
      i'd hit it so hard, if you pulled me out you'd be the king of britain [bash.org]
    3. Re:Now try it really thick! by MTSchaffer · · Score: 1

      I'm not sure that I could pull off creating that much Jello. You'd have to have a giant boiler to mix up the batches then pour it into a swimming pool in the winter time so it would set up. By my quick calculation, it would take 1.3 million 3 oz. boxes of Jello to create enough Jello to fill a 750 cubic meter pool (25m x 10m x 3m). I think this experiment might have to be performed on a smaller scale.

  14. They should have a school for moderators. by Futurepower(R) · · Score: 1


    They should have a school for moderators. The parent comment is not off topic; it is funny, if you know the history of crazy comments on Slashdot. I appreciate how the comment tries to make the subject look scientific.

    --
    Bush: Spending money the U.S. doesn't have to try to make his administration look good.

  15. The other way 'round... by FooAtWFU · · Score: 1

    Theoretically, would it be possible to try this the other way around with a fluid less viscous /a>than water? Like, say, ethyl alcohol or acetone or methanol...

    --
    The World Wide Web is dying. Soon, we shall have only the Internet.
    1. Re:The other way 'round... by foistboinder · · Score: 1

      Theoretically, would it be possible to try this the other way around with a fluid less viscous /a>than water? Like, say, ethyl alcohol or acetone or methanol...

      Theoretically, yes. But I can think of some practical reasons not to attempt swimming in a pool filled with any of these liquids...

    2. Re:The other way 'round... by raygundan · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I believe the Sandia Z-Machine is filled with some sort of cooling or dialectric (i can't remember exactly) fluid that is low-density enough for swimming to be impossible. If you fall in, you're supposed to hold your breath, walk to the side, and climb up the ladder.

      I'm having trouble finding the article that talked about the fluid, but you can at least have a look at a picture of it running (you don't want to swim in it while it's on, I imagine...)

      Picture

    3. Re:The other way 'round... by PeterM+from+Berkeley · · Score: 1

      You're right, the Z-Machine (z-pinch) has open pools filled with oil. Oil is less dense than humans typically are, and so anyone falling in would fall to the bottom quickly.

      They'd have to do just exactly what you said to get out.

      --PM

  16. Testing in a more viscous fluid like hot grits? by Futurepower(R) · · Score: 2, Funny


    I think there is a need for another data point in this research. What about doing testing in a more viscous fluid? I'm sure that there are a considerable number of Slashdot readers that would like to do research on the very important question of whether Natalie Portman could swim faster in hot grits.

    How can a moderator say the parent comment is off topic when so many Slashdotters would like to be on this topic? More philosophically, how can Natalie Portman be off topic? If she is off topic, that is evidence the topic needs changing, right?

    Of course, this would all be for the advancement of science. No really.

    --
    24 wars since WW2: Creating fear so rich people can profit.

  17. Ignoble and All? by Ieshan · · Score: 1

    Oh well. Guess I should just stop my research now, since these guys have the Science IgNobel just about wrapped up.

  18. Woot. by a+whoabot · · Score: 5, Funny

    ' "The best swimmer should have the body of a snake and the arms of a gorilla."

    Edward Cussler
    University of Minnesota '


    TROGDOR!?!?

  19. Underwater intercourse not such a hot idea by MachDelta · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Actually, you're not supposed to have sex underwater. Its fine for the guy, but keep in mind that a girl's plumbing wasn't really designed to be plumbing. Pushing too much water up inside her with too much force could cause damage to sensitive things like her fallopian tubes. And even if you go at it gently, there's the risk of literally flooding her. Get enough water up the fallopian tubes and it could pass through the infundibulum abdominal ostium - meaning she gets water in her abdominal cavity, which could very likely give her a nasty infection. Either way there's a risk of illness/injury, permanent damage (infertillity?), or possibly even death (your trick moves aren't so sexy when they cause internal bleeding).

    So by all means, get hot and steamy under the waves, but when you're gonna introduce her port to your hard drive, you should probably do it on the beach (or dock or poolside or whatever). Remember kiddies, interfacing safely isn't just about using a latex firewall!


    Oh yeah, and *insert joke about slashdotters and their sex liv... Actually, screw it, someone else can get the +5 funny. I'm gonna go whack off while dreaming about poolside sex instead. Ok, i'll probably just end up reinstalling drivers, but lets pretend like I went and... err... wait, lets not.

    1. Re:Underwater intercourse not such a hot idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      I think under normal circumstances the cervix forms a pretty darned good seal. I suspect you would only really need to worry shortly after a gynological exam.

      Supposition of course, I'm not a doctor. But right before my second was born, the mucous plug came out and her water broke - and it made a fairly loud, "Bang!" The baby was sealed in until ready.

    2. Re:Underwater intercourse not such a hot idea by TheClassic · · Score: 1

      The cervix changes position and firmness with the woman's cycle. I'm not sure you can count on it to form a seal.

  20. You can if your in space by lhaeh · · Score: 1

    I don't recall seeing it done, they usually just grab onto something an pull. I do not see why it wouldn't work.

    You would be able to invent new 'swimming' methods since you can be fully can breath what your swimming in. Imagine looking up (in the direction your going) taking a breath then looking down (away from where your going) and blowing it out. The hard part about it is that you can't use your big muscles effectivily as they are better at moveing slowily with a lot of torque, not quickily with little torque.

  21. No, no, no... by hankaholic · · Score: 1

    The trick is to fill the pool with guar gum without getting caught.

    Silly scientists...

    --
    Somebody get that guy an ambulance!
  22. absolutely no evidence to support this! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting
    Actually, you're not supposed to have sex underwater. Its fine for the guy, but keep in mind that a girl's plumbing wasn't really designed to be plumbing.

    This is a false rumor spread by that Canadian-grandmother-turned-sex-therapist who has the womens' network show (which is hilarious, incidentally. Trust me.) Ask YOUR doctor about any advice you see on the show before you put it to practice ("I saw it on TV, it must be true!"), okay?

    People have been having sex for centuries in the water- lakes, ponds, rivers, oceans, hot tubs, pools, jacuzis, showers, bathtubs- you name it, people have had sex there- and there's simply no evidence of all these injuries you claim(death? Infertility? Riight. I've even seen people claim women could get air embolisms!) A UK women's scuba newsletter asked women divers about their experiences, and surprise- nobody had an injuries.

    If anyone who is actually qualified to speak on this subject can present ANY case evidence of this happening in substantial numbers(linkage, please!), I'll shut up- but I think the parent poster is full of nonsense and these "dangers" are about as "dangerous" statistically as catching, and dying from, West Nile Disease- if at all.

    1. Re:absolutely no evidence to support this! by dynamo · · Score: 2, Informative

      Dumb ass: women _can_ get air embolisms, though it's not common.

      Evidence:
      http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/1859.html
      http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/encyclopedia/o/o r/oral_sex.html (near the end)

      I couldn't find any evidence for the water thing though.

  23. gummed server too by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    I seems they also tried guar gum in their server. Anybody got a mirror site?

    I can just envision that a conversion similar to this happened:

    Teacher: Guys, where are you going with our lab guar gum? That stuff is expensive!

    Students: Oh, um, just to have some fun with it in the pool.

    Teacher: To justify the cost, let's turn this into a science experiment on viscosity, okay?

    Students: Gotcha! But can we do the paper-work tomarrow instead?

    Teacher: Sure. Go have fun.

  24. Re: What about very low viscosity? by Alwin+Henseler · · Score: 1
    How come I can't swim in air?

    Aren't insects doing this (sort of) when flying? You just have to move your 'arms' real quick, and many insects also have a very good power vs. volume/weight ratio.

  25. Olympic Training by zentinal · · Score: 1
    I wouldn't be surprised if part of the reason for this experiment was to explore new forms of resistance training for elite swimmers.

    Since this didn't work out, does anyone know if someone is working on high-drag suits for training, kind of the opposite of the shark-skin like suits used for competition?

    1. Re:Olympic Training by Ratface · · Score: 1

      All you need to increase drag for swim training is something that acts like a parachute in the water. There are products like a drogue chute that are dragged behind the swimmer attached to a belt. There are also belts that have "pockets" on the sides which are positioned to open out and collect water, increasing drag, as one swims forwards.

      No hi-tech materials needed I'm afraid ;-)

      --

      A little planning goes a long way...
  26. I can't believe nobody's said it yet.... by CSG_SurferDude · · Score: 2, Funny

    Resistance is futile...

    Well, I was ALMOST on topic ;-)

  27. Just to clear up some confusion by intx13 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The conclusion of the experiment was NOT that "viscosity has nothing to do with swimming speed" but rather that within a certain tolerance of viscosity, the human form performs equally well. This just means that for certain viscosities, humans are able to provide enough force by the swimming motion to propel themselves forward.

    TFA certainly does not say that viscosity doesn't matter. After all, we can't swim on concrete, nor through air, and common sense says that a bullet fired into mud will drastically slow down. The only point being made was that Newton was wrong and the swimming motion of humans compensates for various viscosities.

    It would be interesting to see the experiment performed with various swimming animals to compare the efficiency and adaptability of their swimming to ours.

    1. Re:Just to clear up some confusion by Quill_28 · · Score: 1

      >This just means that for certain viscosities, humans are able to provide enough force by the swimming motion to propel themselves forward.

      I read it a little bit different.

      I figured the thick liquid provided more force to push against, therefore negating the drag cause by the think liquid.

      But like you said when the liquid becomes too thick it will slow down the swimmer.

      But I could be wrong.

  28. What about Jello? by jeephistorian · · Score: 2, Informative

    Wasn't there a movie where they filled a pool with Jello and had a a guy dive in for the effect. I seem to recall something about the stunt guy having a time getting back out.

    --
    Huh?
  29. Re:absolutely no evidence to support this! ORRR... by davidsyes · · Score: 1

    Actually, you're not supposed to have sex underwater. Its fine for the [other] guy, but keep in mind that...

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    Previously: "Linux... Toward the Sunrise..." Now: "Linux... Toward the-- No, now, part of Every Sunrise"