Slashdot Mirror


Google's Dark Fibre Plans?

sebFlyte writes "According to news.com "Google is looking for Strategic Negotiator candidates with experience in...(i)dentification, selection, and negotiation of dark fiber contracts both in metropolitan areas and over long distances as part of development of a global backbone network." Is the search giant planning to build a global fibre-optic network?" Or perhaps simply use unused fibre that they can get for cheaper then from the datacenter providers; although at least from my talks with the datacenter folks, Google's not paying much per Mbps as it is.

45 of 201 comments (clear)

  1. Dark Fibre (Fiber) defined. by sanityspeech · · Score: 5, Informative
    The free encyclopedia definition:
    "Dark fibre or unlit fibre (or fiber) is the name given to fibre optic cables which have yet to be used. They are hence not yet connected to any device, and are only there for future usage."
    1. Re:Dark Fibre (Fiber) defined. by FrYGuY101 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Thinking about it... maybe Google is planning an entrance into the ISP market?

      I mean, Google might be getting cheap rates for www.google.com, but that probably wouldn't extend to customers, plus accessability wouldn't be that great...

      I'm not quite sure what Google's angle on the market would be, except perhaps high-speed/low-cost, but that doesn't seem as elegant as Google's usual offerings...

      --
      "If we let things terrify us, life will not be worth living."

      - Seneca
    2. Re:Dark Fibre (Fiber) defined. by rwyoder · · Score: 4, Informative

      Dark fibre or unlit fibre (or fiber) is the name given to fibre optic cables which have yet to be used. They are hence not yet connected to any device, and are only there for future usage.

      There is a second meaning: It is fiber which is not lit by the provider. For example if you have two locations and lease a dark fiber between the two, you are essentially getting two ends of a single fiber with no networking equipment in the loop. You will then connect your own equipment at each end and light it your self.
    3. Re:Dark Fibre (Fiber) defined. by seanadams.com · · Score: 5, Informative

      There's more to it than that... my understanding is that when you lease "dark fiber" it means that when you get it, the fiber is _still_ dark from end-to-end, i.e. there is no mux/demux equipment or any telco "value add" services associated with it. It's sort of like the "alarm circuit" that telecoms used to sell, which was a "dry copper" pair from one location to another with no telecom switch or repeaters on the line. It's not just "unused" fiber - it's fiber that you get to signal on however you want (within some power limits I'm sure).

      This means you provide the equipment, potentially giving you vastly more bandwidth than the telecom could sell you on that fiber. It also means you can upgrade your equipment later for faster speeds. It also means less points of failure on the line because its just optics all the way through.

      Dark fiber usually isn't sold by the telecoms. Usually you'll have to get it from companys such as the railway and sewer owners - the guys who oversee the cables themselves, not the higher level services.

      The disadvantage of dark fiber compared to a telcom OCx circuit are 1) you can't get channelized services eg split this DS3 into a few DS1 to this locations, and few DS1s to that location, a couple DS1s for ISDN PRI, etc etc. 2) you have less flexibility in choosing the endpoints - your choices are limited to big data centers where the vendors are willing/able to provide dark dervice 3) you don't get to deal with the really nice helpful people at the phone company

    4. Re:Dark Fibre (Fiber) defined. by Tony+Hoyle · · Score: 3, Informative

      You can lease dark fiber from a telco... I worked for a company that did it for a short while.

      There's probably 100* more dark fiber than lit fiber in the world - when they're putting it down it's dirt cheap to put a few more bundles in. You can get it pretty much anywhere to anywhere (where there's some kind of physical link anyway).

      The real cost though is lighting the thing. It costs a fortune to rent the mux equiment, and it's large enough that space considerations at the other end come into play. That's mostly the reason why it's still dark in the first place (that and the telcos have so much excess bandwidth already they don't know what to do with it... it's more cost effective to negotiate a cut rate on a piece of existing fiber).

    5. Re:Dark Fibre (Fiber) defined. by nizo · · Score: 4, Funny

      The nice thing about dark fiber is that it is more efficient. While regular fiber uses light to transmit data, dark fiber uses a lack of light to transmit data.

    6. Re:Dark Fibre (Fiber) defined. by Firethorn · · Score: 3, Informative

      When you're buying that kind of fiber, you can buy whatever kind you want.

      When 2 pair costs $.20 per foot, without install costs, and 12 pair costs $.30 per foot, and it costs the same $10 a foot to bury the sucker, you might as well guard against future expansion, breakage and whatnot by installing the 12 pair. Standardizing on 12 pair also simplifies inventory work. I've heard that many telco's standardized on 12 pair everywhere except for major, major backbones because the savings from standardized purchasing, inventory, and etc made it cheaper.

      *all costs are estimated

      --
      I don't read AC A human right
  2. Unification by Fleetie · · Score: 5, Funny

    Ah, so has Google unified String Theory, Dark Matter, and Dark Energy?

    --
    "Absorbing your worst..."
  3. I wouldn't be surprised to see 'em buy a Level 3 by xmas2003 · · Score: 3, Interesting
    Seems like buying a Level 3 (or similar sized network provider) would be an easier route, as these guys got hammered in valuations due to over-capacity and a lot cheaper to buy existing capacity rather than building your own.

    BTW, the Light Reading guys were the ones who "broke" this story back on January 6th

    --
    Hulk SMASH Celiac Disease
  4. The Google Empire by imthatguy · · Score: 5, Funny

    And thus it begins....it was difficult to see at first; what Google's plans were. Only after it had struck first using highspeed fiber to initiate the subroutines in the Google desktop search companion did humanity realize its vast mistake. Only it was too late...Google was selfaware...and it was hungry...for pie...I mean Pi...

    --
    Did you know you can be apathetic to apathy? Not that I give a shit...
  5. Re:You mean "than" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    Give him a break, he's only an editor. It's not like he's supposed to know the difference. Oh, wait...

  6. They've been connected to the ams-ix for some time by Erik+Hensema · · Score: 5, Informative
    I have seen traces from the Netherlands to www.google.com go over the amsterdam internet exchange for some time now. According to their member page they have been connected since march 2004. Traceroute:
    5 bb2-ge6-0.amsix-telecity.home.nl (213.51.158.153) 28.478 ms 27.683 ms 26.895 ms
    6 r2-ge1-2-0.amsix-telecity.home.nl (213.51.158.158) 26.563 ms 35.185 ms 33.987 ms
    7 core1.ams.net.google.com (195.69.144.247) 32.044 ms 32.543 ms 30.484 ms
    8 64.233.175.246 32.806 ms 32.560 ms 30.529 ms
    9 216.239.46.173 30.058 ms 29.058 ms 26.684 ms
    10 216.239.49.254 37.532 ms 36.958 ms 39.685 ms
    11 216.239.48.50 41.163 ms 41.902 ms 43.109 ms
    12 216.239.49.62 35.543 ms 34.004 ms 33.173 ms
    13 * * *

    The AMS-IX is the largest Internet Exchange / NAP in Europe.

    --

    This is your sig. There are thousands more, but this one is yours.

  7. GoogleISP by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Maybe this is the beginning of Google Broadband. With all the other non-search areas they've gotten themselves into, maybe they're looking to take on MSN and Yahoo in the ISP realm.

    GoogleISP: Dark fiber to your city, fiber to you home coming soon.

    And after they can give everyone a super high speed broadband connection, it's just one more step to selling a subscription for the comping suite of web-based apps that GMail proves they're so good at.

  8. I know! by SharpFang · · Score: 2, Funny

    Bastards :)
    They want to take over the Internet. :)
    Create a new backbone. Replace InterNIC and all the suits who control the net now.
    Then compete and eliminate most first tier providers, and generally own the global network.
    Best luck, Google! I hope you will succeed!

    --
    45 5F E1 04 22 CA 29 C4 93 3F 95 05 2B 79 2A B2
    1. Re:I know! by AlgaeEater · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Either that or they want to be able to sync their world-wide collection of data-servers in an 'accpetable' length of time.

      --
      A hollow heart and empty head makes the streets run red.
    2. Re:I know! by Anita+Coney · · Score: 2, Funny

      I for one welcome our new backbone replacing internet overlords!

      --
      If someone says he and his monkey have nothing to hide, they almost certainly do.
    3. Re:I know! by Ingolfke · · Score: 2, Funny

      The two factors Google is considering right now are time for complete transmission of a dataset (they measure it in petabytes) and cost. With the high cost of fuel and the increased maintenance costs, they've decided it is cheaper to purchase a dark fiber network and light it, then to maintain their fleet of 1985 Chevy Station Wagons, the ones with the sweet fake wood trim.

  9. Not surprising... by Tancred · · Score: 4, Informative

    They've got several (lots of?) datacenters that have to sync up lots of data. Anyone with enough data to transfer around can save money just buying the strands of fiber or wavelengths on lit fiber instead of paying a provider to light it. It's not surprising that Google has enough of this work to do that they want to hire someone with experience in it.

    1. Re:Not surprising... by tristan-jt2 · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Based on stuff I heard in another life, Google used to get transit contracts with the fastest connection they could get, but the lowest commited rate. The syncs used to take place in the proverbial top 5% of the 95th percentile.

      As in: they used provider A for 36 hours, provider B for the next 36h, provider C for the next 36h, etc... (bear in mind it was not surfer facing transit, just used to sync up the DCs.)

      They've probably reached the level where they've got too much data to get away with that scheme. So they've got a pretty simple choice:
      - Pay for the commited rate they really need.
      - Link the 2 Data Centers with dark fiber lit with 10GigE.

      Based on the over provisionning most fiber companies did when they built their networks, there's a lot of room for negociation when you're shopping for fiber, especially when you can hang the promise of a huge internationnal network in the balance.

      The second option is pretty much guaranted to turn out to be much more affordable.

    2. Re:Not surprising... by PornMaster · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Adding products like Gmail on top of their infrastructure changes the sychronization schedules... e-mail is far more time-sensitive than bulk updates sychronizing their web search index. It could simply be due to a change in their needs.

  10. Unlit fibre by 0x000000 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    if google were to go into the telecommunications business they could make a killing if they did it properly.

    What i am thinking though, they want to build their own private network which links their many datacenters around the US, so that we can get our search results even faster, or any of the other things like gmail.

    Storing mail in two seperate locations is possible, but it would make for a pain in the ass if it takes to long to sync the changes between the servers in different datacenters to get people even faster response times from gmail.

    This is off course all speculation.

    Google in the telecommunications being a competitor to Verizon, T-Mobile, bell, Comcast, OOL, and other internet providers would be a good thing. They would be on of the only companies that would know how to do VOIP the right way.

    --
    cat /dev/null > .signature
  11. Re:I wouldn't be surprised to see 'em buy a Level by Tancred · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I would be. It's far from their core competency and there's so much competition in the telco business that everyone sells at cost anyway. Maybe a datacenter chain like Equinix would be a better acquisition target.

  12. quick grammar question by revery · · Score: 4, Funny

    Which word is "dark" modifying, "plans" or "fibre"?

    --
    so dark, you'll forget the fibre

  13. Re:I wouldn't be surprised to see 'em buy a Level by vyzar · · Score: 5, Insightful

    No no no.

    Why the hell would Google want to buy up an existing ISP/telco with all the crap that that entails?

    What they are doing is actually very sensible.

    By looking to negotiate purchase/lease of dark fibre over the medium term they are avoiding the big cost which is actually putting fibre into the ground.

    I imagine that they would ensure that the maintenance of that fibre is the responsibility of the provider, so they don't need to run their own maintenance crews either.

    And the BIG plus with having access to fiber is that you can then ramp up your capacity by using WDM (Wave Division Multiplexing) to get more bandwidth out of your fibre.

    They have probably realised that to ramp up their networks to cope with their future plans they need more bandwidth that they can afford to buy as "service" from a regular telco. Its just too damn expensive!

    By leasing the fibre themselves, they light it how they want, rather that how the telco wants to sell it to them.

    This *might* have biogger up front costs, but the recurrent costs are MUCH lower.

  14. Re:They've been connected to the ams-ix for some t by 0x000000 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Do you have any statistics to prove what you said that "The AMS-IX is the largest Internet Exchange / NAP in Europe."?

    Last I heard the largest Internet Exchange was located in London.

    --
    cat /dev/null > .signature
  15. "Glut of fiber assets" by grumling · · Score: 4, Insightful
    I'm getting really tired of all these "experts" talking about the glut of fiber in this country. The press makes it sound like there's dozens of dark fibers just a few inches from your house, and those darn telcos/cable companies just don't want you to have access to them. The reality is that most of the cash cow areas (such as Boston, NYC, LA and the bay area) have over capicity. Most of the rest of the country, where the payback is greater than 5 years, is very underserved.

    And even where there is overcapicity, it is mostly in the urban areas, put in place for business, not single family homes. Good luck getting dark fiber in the 'burbs, let alone the sticks

    --
    "Well, good luck finding a judge that doesn't run a bestiality site."
    1. Re:"Glut of fiber assets" by AK+Marc · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I'm getting really tired of all these "experts" talking about the glut of fiber in this country.

      Well, they are right. There is a glut of fiber.

      The press makes it sound like there's dozens of dark fibers just a few inches from your house, and those darn telcos/cable companies just don't want you to have access to them.

      I've never gotten that impression. Never in the talks about fiber gluts and dark fiber have I heard about it being related to last-mile fiber. It is always about things like this, a company wanting to connect an already fiber connected location with other already fiber conencted locations, and there being a glut of fiber.

      The reality is that most of the cash cow areas (such as Boston, NYC, LA and the bay area) have over capicity. Most of the rest of the country, where the payback is greater than 5 years, is very underserved.

      The reality is that when fiber was laid, it was laid with more strands than minimally necessary to serve the area. Then, it seems that competitors went in and laid parallel lines. To top it off, the price of lighting it up at higher speeds decreased and became easier. So, most routes served by fiber are over-served by fiber.

      And even where there is overcapicity, it is mostly in the urban areas, put in place for business, not single family homes. Good luck getting dark fiber in the 'burbs, let alone the sticks

      Huh? This isn't about connecting anything together that wasn't connected before. It isn't about "getting" fiber. It is about someone that is using fiber already using fiber in a different manner.

      You seem to be equating all "fiber" talk with "FTTH" (fiber to the home). That is completely different and unrelated to a discussion of fiber already in the ground. Or is this just a canned rant about FTTH that you post even when unrealted to the article in question?

  16. Re:They've been connected to the ams-ix for some t by phaze3000 · · Score: 2, Insightful
    The AMS-IX is the largest Internet Exchange / NAP in Europe

    It is? I was always under the impression LINX held that honour..

    --
    Blaming GW Bush for the Iraq war is like blaming Ronald McDonald for the poor quality of food.
  17. Google's plans by nounderscores · · Score: 2, Funny

    They're going to build a huge pair of AI called Icarus and Daedalus. They will merege to form the AI Helios. You will be given the choice to merge with Helios - using your Google branded brain implant, or stop using Google alltogether - causing a new dark age.

    Or you could just go to a rave.

  18. than by MarkoNo5 · · Score: 4, Funny

    It is "cheaper than", not "cheaper then". Only on slashdot does a Belgian reader teach English grammar to an American editor.

  19. Re:horrible writing by DeadSea · · Score: 2, Funny

    this article is horribly written! impossible to understand.

    Why did you try to read it?

    Nobody else here ever does.

  20. Am I the only one.... by B5_geek · · Score: 3, Funny


    Am I the only one who thought of a few laxitive jokes when they read this?

    --
    "The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men." ~Plato (427-347 BC)
  21. Who has got the bigger one? by Raindeer · · Score: 3, Funny

    Both AMS-IX and LINX staff can impress the girls/guys with having the bigger one. LINX's switches are pushing more data (71 Gbit total include private+public/49.23Gbit for public peering) Ams-ix is doing 49.7 (dunno if that includes private)

    AMS-IX has more members 210 against LINX having only 169 members.

    However they are both equally fun to party with. ;-)

  22. Doubtful by Ars-Fartsica · · Score: 2, Insightful
    Google does not have access or ownership to a last-mile network, and more to the point the management of such networks is incredibly costly. If Google tried to be a later-day SBC I imagine their stock would begin to look a lot like SBC (translation: not good for present owners of GOOG).

    If they were truly making such plans they would also have to hire literally tens of thousands of people, or make a monstrous acquisition. Neither of which appears in the cards from what I can tell.

  23. Re:Google is taking over the world. by Gherald · · Score: 4, Funny
    People are mad at Microsoft, but google is a forthcomming world dominator....
    If that's so then Slashdot will be the first to declare allegiance.

    We are practically a Google Temple here, folks.
  24. Re:I wouldn't be surprised to see 'em buy a Level by ScentCone · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Don't forget that Google parks hardware all over the place. They've got a pile of it sitting in datacenters run by Savvis, who bought up the dregs of the Cable & Wireless operations (who bought up the dregs of the Exodus operations). But unlike Exodus, C&W also had tons of dark fibre. Savvis has been trying to make everything lean and mean, but they've got a pretty nice inter-datacenter-network... but not necessarily any bargains when peering with other people's operations. I can imagine that Google would love to get outside the loop of having the datacenter operators dictate what terms they're willing to live with when setting up new peering arrangements. Especially as Google's needs become more instantaneously multi-directional (rather than crunch-and-publish, it's real-time ad stats, mail, etc).

    Even if all these new hires do is help Google's datacenter providers make good decisions about new or altered peering networks, they'll probably earn their keep.

    --
    Don't disappoint your bird dog. Go to the range.
  25. This isn't about what you think by mbpark · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Hello,

    Considering what Google has built internally for server management and redundancy, I would hypothesize based upon available data (i.e. GFS) that they're looking to light up fiber between their data centers, while running either TCP/IP or IPv6 (with modifications of existing IGP and routing protocols, more than likely BGP or OSPF) between them.

    This is a very smart move on their part, if this is true. This would allow them to do their own internal traffic control and shaping over a private network, and develop/modify algorithms for efficient transfer of data over said network, without having to "play" by Telco/ISP rules.

    In other words, they're more than likely building their own global network to more efficiently transfer data over the Internet by completely bypassing it for their inter-server traffic. This is a very smart move, if true.

  26. Dark Fibre (Fiber) is a common product by StreetFire.net · · Score: 3, Informative

    FWIW it is very common for larger companies to buy up Dark Fiber from large telco providers. All of the Tier 1 Telcos sell Dark Fiber as a standard product line, and you will find many of the Fortune 100 companies out there own their own. I highly doubt this is Google's atempt to change business plans and enter the depressed Telco sector.

  27. Nice business idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

    They're going to create a global super computer. Local servers gives higher performance. What do you think the Google bar is for? Coming versions will ask you if you want to donate your free CPU cycles to Google. Google in turn will sell these to corporations that needs CPU power.

  28. Re:Google WiMax VoIP by mveloso · · Score: 2, Interesting

    What can a bunch of geeks do with a lot of fiber, a lot of money, and disruptive technology?

    Google + WiMAX + VoIP = enough technology and brains to stomp any RBOC or cable company.

    The only problem with this is that the WiMAX timeline is far away, and it's unclear how much the end-user antennas will go for. Will users want to install another dish?

    Even if they don't go this route, that dark fiber could be a useful asset down the road. If they can price it well enough, they'll be on the "buy" side of a make-or-buy decision.

    Maybe they'll buy akamai while they're at it.

  29. Seeking assets by michael_cain · · Score: 3, Interesting

    One possible explanation is that Google is looking for something to do with their current $55B stock valuation. Other than making the founders incredibly wealthy, the high stock price by itself isn't particularly useful to the company. But it can be used as collateral for loans to acquire assets that could be useful both now and in the future. Given the massive storage and computing resources that Google already manages, I suspect that they can manage their own fiber network for very little incremental expense (I'm less sure about the physical care of the fiber -- who fixes your dark fiber when someone cuts it?). As they attempt to provide more and more services, they may simply want more control over the underlying transport.

  30. Google makes a move into the government sector by Ingolfke · · Score: 2, Funny

    Google will create a massive distributed infrastrucutre for processing all electronic communications using their existing search technology and their keyhole mapping technology. The system will be complemented by a series of satellites launched by Google to monitor all activity on the planet. Google will purchase North Dakota and set themselves up as an independant state, and will then sell the results of their new search system to governments for a nominal fee. Governments will flock to the new service as it reduces the cost of maintaining their own spy network and allows them to avoid pesky local privacy laws.

    We joke about welcoming our new overlords, but, in earnest, I for one welcome our new all seeing, all knowing, all searching Google overlords.

  31. ISP - transit vs peer by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    A more likely reason they would want to build a backbone network in the US is to attempt to get peer relationships with the large backbone ISP's rather than just being a customer buying transit service.

    Traditionally, peering was free, buying transit service was not. Now such relationships are done by secret contract so the exact economics vary contract by contract, but it is a safe guess that peering is dramatically cheaper than transit. Google is likely getting to the scale (both from their web crawling and customer access) that the difference is important.

  32. A simple Google search by amichalo · · Score: 2, Interesting

    returned 75 hits.

    --
    I only came here to do two things; kick some ass, and drink some beer...looks like we're almost out of beer.
  33. Re:Why bother with dark fibre? by 1_interest_1 · · Score: 2, Funny

    Uh, what is the new whizbang replacement for fibre?.

    Thanks for playing, please try again.