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Huygens Wind Experiment Salvaged

SeaDour writes "Earlier, it was reported that the data from a critical wind speed experiment onboard the Huygens probe to Titan was completely lost due to someone forgetting to turn on one of Cassini's communications channels. However, it now appears that ground-based radio telescopes from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory were able to record the transmission's many subtle doppler shifts and reconstruct that lost wind data. The winds altered the probe's horizontal rate of descent, thereby producing a change in the frequency of the signal received on Earth. Additionally, the resolution of the radio telescopes was good enough to track Huygen's position to within one kilometer, allowing for the creation of a three-dimensional model of Huygen's descent."

49 of 207 comments (clear)

  1. backup by j1bb3rj4bb3r · · Score: 3, Insightful

    ... nothing like a little backup.

    --
    *yawn*
    1. Re:backup by lucabrasi999 · · Score: 2, Funny

      One of the backups, in this case, is the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope. I imagine that the telescope is located on Robert C. Byrd Highway, down the road from the Robert C. Byrd FBI Fingerprinting facility and just around the corner from the Robert C. Byrd Memorial High School.

      Man, the Esteemed Senior Senator from West Virginia sure does a fine job of delivering the bacon...

  2. You know whats really funny by suso · · Score: 3, Insightful

    is that if that experiment would have been turned on like it was supposed to, probably nobody here would have ever known that it existed in the first place. ;-)

  3. Horizontal rate of descent by DemiKnute · · Score: 3, Funny

    How can you have a horizontal rate of descent? Was this thing was falling sideways?

    What a strange and fantastic world this Titan must be.

    --
    .
    1. Re:Horizontal rate of descent by BradleyUffner · · Score: 3, Informative

      It was descending at an angle due strong winds. It's rate of descent could be something like 2ft of horizontal movement for every foot of vertical movement (numbers made up on the spot). It's sometimes called a Glide Ratio.

    2. Re:Horizontal rate of descent by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful
      It's called a vector. Vectors are broken into a vertical and a horizontal component. The horizontal component came from the wind. Try it here on Earth sometime and report back.

      Cheers,

      ~g

    3. Re:Horizontal rate of descent by lucabrasi999 · · Score: 2, Informative
      Was this thing was falling sideways?

      Everything that falls from space has a horizontal component to its descent.

    4. Re:Horizontal rate of descent by Mattcelt · · Score: 4, Informative

      It's just you. ;-)

      Seriously, if you think about it, this makes perfect sense. The Earth is a rotating sphere, right? So unless an object approaching ground level happens to maintain a perfectly geosynchronous orbit around the Earth as it falls inward, it will hit the atmosphere at an angle and not straight down. So almost inevitably, there will be a horizontal component (think the base of the triangle where the trajectory/vector is the hypotenuse) to go with the vertical component. How much and in which direction(s) the object is deflected from its ordinary horizontal state (the result of the pure angle of entry into the atmosphere) gives direct indication about the presence, speed, and direction of any wind which might exist at that place. (Vertical deflection from standard gravitational acceleration gives important information about the stratification and density of the atmosphere in the same manner.)

      Does it make more sense now?

    5. Re:Horizontal rate of descent by SuiteSisterMary · · Score: 2, Interesting

      If you remember from your high school graphing, y=mx+b; rise over run and all that.

      --
      Vintage computer games and RPG books available. Email me if you're interested.
  4. No Excuses by fembots · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I hope it's not making a habit that people can forget something and fix it later, it doesn't work every time.

  5. Things like that just amaze me... by Dutchmaan · · Score: 4, Interesting

    That we have equipment sensitive enough to track a probe's position to within *1* km all the way out on Titan..

    saying it seems rather bland but when you think of how many millions of miles away it is, I think it's pretty remarkable.

    1. Re:Things like that just amaze me... by another_henry · · Score: 5, Informative

      The original experiment using Cassini's onboard receivers would have had an accuracy of better than 1 m/sec and presumably similar positioning accuracy. Still, the probe accomplished a lot and was several different kinds of awesome.

      --
      "Studies have shown that people who eat peanuts live longer than those who do not eat."
    2. Re:Things like that just amaze me... by LucidBeast · · Score: 5, Funny

      It's one of those moments when you realize that you are living in a Star Trek episode. You know when something goes wrong and then one of the guys (I forget the names) goes like "Captain, I can compensate using *strange word* to modulate *strange word* ...".

    3. Re:Things like that just amaze me... by kirkjobsluder · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I don't think it is quite that amazing. Radio telescopes appear to have a good enough resolution to image details of radio sources in remote galaxies. Identifying the relative position of an active source in our solar system would seem to be a less complex problem.

    4. Re:Things like that just amaze me... by brainstyle · · Score: 3, Insightful
      That we have equipment sensitive enough to track a probe's position to within *1* km all the way out on Titan. when you think of how many millions of miles away it is, I think it's pretty remarkable.

      There we go again, mixing imperial and metric. When will we ever learn?

      --
      "Why can't everyone just be straight with me?"
      "Because we live in a bendy world, dear."
    5. Re:Things like that just amaze me... by EpsCylonB · · Score: 4, Funny

      "Captain, I can compensate using *strange word* to modulate *strange word* ...".

      Whats strange about using a neutrino generator to modulate a tachyon field to create a holographic reconstruction ?

    6. Re:Things like that just amaze me... by david+duncan+scott · · Score: 3, Funny

      Yeah, it's a perfectly cromulent technique -- I used to do that back home to bulls-eye whomp rats in my T-16.

      --

      This next song is very sad. Please clap along. -- Robin Zander

    7. Re:Things like that just amaze me... by Rei · · Score: 4, Funny

      Back in middle school, my first "word" program was a qbasic "Random Star Trek Episode Generator" that worked exactly like that ;) It normally tried to insert realistic sounding star trek technobabble - of course, I added in a few "funny" options it.

      Worf: "Captain, we're experiencing a cheap plot device in Sector 6. It seems to be the work of underpaid script writers."

      Or occasionally it would insert a:

      Picard: "Quick, we need an engineer on the bridge!"

      Bones: "Dammit, Jim, I'm a doctor, not an engineer."

      Picard: "Dammit, Bones, I'm not Jim!"

      --
      Dear Lord: One of your creatures may be hurt tonight. Please let it be the other creature.
    8. Re:Things like that just amaze me... by Wylfing · · Score: 2, Funny
      "Captain, I can compensate using *strange word* to modulate *strange word* ...".

      Whats strange about using a neutrino generator to modulate a tachyon field to create a holographic reconstruction ?

      You forgot to reverse the polarity. Dummy.

      --
      Our intelligent designer has never created an animal that we couldn't improve by strapping a bomb to it.
    9. Re:Things like that just amaze me... by ShortSpecialBus · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Just because we can do more amazing things doesn't make the first thing less amazing, heh. Personally, I'm impressed by them both.

      --
      //FIXME: Bad .sig
  6. I bet they just taped... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    ...the scientist who forgot to switch the experiment on, making "wooshing" sounds into a mike. "We got the data back, nothing to be embarassed about here, no sirree!"

  7. R.E.S.P.E.C.T. ! by selderrr · · Score: 4, Insightful

    if anyone at nasa is dumb enough to read slashdot : you guys rock !

    Seriously : most people would give up, blaming someone else. It takes a true fighting spirit to try and recover from what someone else has fucked up.

    1. Re:R.E.S.P.E.C.T. ! by Docrates · · Score: 2, Informative

      NASA? you do realize Huygens was a ESA+NASA effort...and in fact, most of the probe's development was european? NASA's Cassini was the carrier of the probe, but the probe is an European accomplishment first.

      --

      There are two kinds of people in the world: Those with good memory.
    2. Re:R.E.S.P.E.C.T. ! by selderrr · · Score: 5, Insightful

      oh puhlease... Must everyone always turn everything into a debate ? Okay, so what. congrats to ESA as well. My post was not about Nasa or esa or Uso or wtf... It's about people being persistent and believing in a solution and an outcome, no matter how big the problem may seem, and no matter how big the fuckup to work around.

      if it eases your xenophobia : I'm european as well.

    3. Re:R.E.S.P.E.C.T. ! by jmichaelg · · Score: 4, Informative
      Figuring out that the wind data was embedded in the radio signal was an NRAO accomplishment.

      It wasn't NASA, it wasn't ESA and it wasn't easy...

    4. Re:R.E.S.P.E.C.T. ! by i41Overlord · · Score: 5, Insightful

      How come when Europe does something, people claim that's it's a great European accomplishment and everyone salutes them.

      However when the USA does something and people claim it's a great American accomplishment, people get offended and feel the need to knock NASA?

      It's almost as if the political climate on this forum supports the recognition of someone's feats only if they're considered an underdog?

    5. Re:R.E.S.P.E.C.T. ! by merlin_jim · · Score: 2, Funny

      It's almost as if the political climate on this forum supports the recognition of someone's feats only if they're considered an underdog?

      This is a site of linux zealots afterall....

      --
      I am disrespectful to dirt! Can you see that I am serious?!
  8. is it plugged in and turned on? by jacksonai · · Score: 4, Insightful

    that's the first diagnostic question I always ask when fixing something.

    --
    Like Sweepstakes? Try out my service @ http://www.yourpowersweeps.com -- Free 21 day trial, no cc needed.
  9. Do I understand this? by nizo · · Score: 2, Interesting

    So basically what they are saying is they should have used the space for some other experiment? The guy spending years setting up an experiment that never got turned on isn't as bad as designing a useless experiment taking up space on the probe. Or was the onboard experiment supposed to be much more accurate?

    1. Re:Do I understand this? by Rei · · Score: 4, Informative

      A whole lot more than 10; read the Planetary Society's account of just what it took to get the data back:

      http://www.planetary.org/news/2005/huygens_radio -t racking_0207.html

      Plus, they didn't know that this would work beforehand.

      --
      Dear Lord: One of your creatures may be hurt tonight. Please let it be the other creature.
  10. Re:second microphone for redundancy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    The second channel was not a redundant channel. Channel 1 was for the major data. Channel 2 was for half the total images uplinked to Cassini. Channel 2 was also dedicated to the Doppler data.
    Someone failed to turn on the receiver on the Cassini device. The data was transmitted on channel 2, just never received by Cassini.

    Over and out

  11. Eh? by SlayerofGods · · Score: 2, Interesting

    The probe was to transmit data on two channels, A and B, Atkinson said. His Doppler wind experiment was to use Channel A, a very stable frequency.

    But the order to activate the receiver, or oscillator, for Channel A was never sent, so the entire mission operated through Channel B, which is less stable, Atkinson said. .....

    Also, he said some of the Channel A signal reached Earth and was picked up by radio telescopes. "We now have some of this data and lots of work to do to try to catch up," he wrote.

    So.... it was on?
    Anyone else a bit puzzled?
    --

    Technology, the cause of and solution to all of life's problems.
    1. Re:Eh? by worst_name_ever · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The receiver on the Cassini spacecraft didn't get turned on, but some very smart chaps here on Planet Earth listened very hard using some very expensive equipment and managed to hear the faint transmissions from Huygens anyway. Does that make more sense?

      --

      In Soviet Rush, today's Tom Sawyer gets high on you.
  12. Reading the doppler effect on the signal by psyklopz · · Score: 3, Interesting

    So, the experiment itself wasn't saved. They just found another way to get the data (reading the doppler shift in the signal).

    So, here's a good question: why did they need to include the equipment for the experiment in the first place?

    1. Re:Reading the doppler effect on the signal by danish · · Score: 2, Insightful
      How about because there's no guarantee that we would have been able to reconstruct the data using land-based radio telescopes? You do recognize that this is an exceptional accomplishment that requires a lot more work (and most importantly, a lot more luck) than having the satellite record this data and send it back to us in digital, error-corrected form, right? Sure, there's no guarantee that we would have gotten the experiment either way, but the odds are a hell of a lot better.

      -chris

    2. Re:Reading the doppler effect on the signal by jwdb · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Actually, it was. Guess which signal they measured the doppler shift of - it was the data signal for this very experiment. The issue was that Cassini forgot to relay it, so they had to rely on the weak signal from Huygens itself.

      Check out some of the other comments to this effect...

      Jw

  13. completely lost? by i41Overlord · · Score: 2, Interesting

    From the very beginning it was reported on here that ground based telescopes would be able to record and reconstruct the data.

    This is the first time that I heard them saying that the data was "completely lost".

  14. For some reason Slashdot missed these news by Jugalator · · Score: 2, Informative

    They're quite old anyway, basically from the day after it landed. For example mentioned here.
    Slashdot chose to post about the doomed mission instead, which made me believe it was indeed lost... but apparently it was like this all the time.

    --
    Beware: In C++, your friends can see your privates!
  15. The GBT to the rescue by spanklin · · Score: 2, Interesting

    A lot of this work was done by the "Green Bank Telescope" aka the Great Big Telescope or GBT. You should check out the specs on this telescope. It is the world's largest fully steerable telescope and it is taller than the Statue of Liberty. I was a grad student while this was being built, and was always impressed when I saw presentations about the amount of work that went into creating this instrument. It is not nearly as famous as other telescopes like Hubble or Keck, but is very impressive nevertheless.

  16. And the other 100s of imatges??? by Air-conditioned+cowh · · Score: 3, Interesting

    IIRC about half of the picures taken were relayed via the A channel and what we have seen is all B channel stuff only.

    Any chance of reconstructing those images from the ground-based recordings of the A channel, or is the signal so weak that all that can ever be deduced is the carrier frequency, not any data?

    1. Re:And the other 100s of imatges??? by Tablizer · · Score: 2, Informative

      IIRC about half of the picures taken were relayed via the A channel and what we have seen is all B channel stuff only....Any chance of reconstructing those images from the ground-based recordings of the A channel, or is the signal so weak that all that can ever be deduced is the carrier frequency, not any data?

      There was a long discussion about this on a prior slashdot story. My speculation is that because they appeared to use digital compression algorithms, recovery of the images is probably mostly a lost cause. Compressed images tend to be very sensative to signal gaps.

      Missions decades ago didn't use compression (other than palette reduction), and sometimes you can see spots of noise where there were gaps. A non-compressed image will just have spots where the individual pixel was lost, but compressed images can lose an entire segment if even one pixel is bad.

      But, I have not confirmed that compression was used on Huygens.

  17. Thank God for Doppler by inteller · · Score: 2, Funny

    earning karma in heaven right now....

  18. Yegads by hey! · · Score: 2, Funny

    talk about geek status points. The guy who figured that out must be strutting around like a fricken' god or something, or one of those guys in the movies who does the tap-tap-tap-we're in routine.

    --
    Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
  19. Fascinating..... by StressGuy · · Score: 2, Funny

    Three people have responded to the original poster's question so far. The two who had a nickname attempted to answer his question while the anonymous coward was content to just be a smart-a$$.

    Anyway, the article was, of course, referring to the horizontal *component* of the descent.

    Don't take it personally DemiKnute...a couple of days ago I got hammered by a lot of AC's just for asking how you could take a picture of something 20K light-years away.

    This is probably why "The Sims Online" failed as well.

    --
    A goal is a dream with a deadline
  20. Reminds me... by biglig2 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    ... of a maxim my team has tried to explain to our senior management many times, without sucess:

    "Yes, we will always pull a miracle out of the hat for you when everything goes wrong. But, you should not write your plans with this as an assumption."

    --
    ~~~~~ BigLig2? You mean there's another one of me?
  21. Teching the tech by jfengel · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The Star Trek:TNG writer's manual called for you to use the word TECH every time you needed a word like that; they got their science advisor to fill it in later.

    So you really would see scripts with "Captain, I can compensate using TECH to TECH..."

    I can't help but think that the series would have been better if TECH hadn't been such a cop-out. Sci-fi is about people, not technology, but often it's about how people interact with technology. If you don't know anything about technology then it's just the way people interact with mumbo-jumbo.

  22. Larger story: All data nearly lost by behindthewall · · Score: 4, Informative

    This hasn't gotten as much coverage, but a design oversight nearly cost all Huygens data. Doppler shift was not accounted for in the signal decode process. The mission plan had to be rewritten to find an alternative flight path that reduced the Doppler shift to within the limited acceptable tolerances. Fortunately, Cassini's approach to Saturn was accurate enough that enough fuel existed to allow this while preserving the latter part of the existing flight plan.

    Of course, in retrospect, maybe earth-based monitoring would have come to the rescue in this event, in an even bigger fashion.

    "Titan Calling: How a Swedish engineer saved a once-in-a-lifetime mission to Saturn's mysterious moon"
    http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/WEBONLY/publicfeature /oct04/1004titan.html

    Sorry if this is a repeat. Slashdot's search 503-ed on me.

  23. Re:Inefficiency? by kirkjobsluder · · Score: 2, Informative

    Perhaps you should RTFA, or perhaps even this article?.

    1: The DWE consisted of two modules. One on Huygens, and one on Cassini. Without the activation of the Huygens module, we would have had no data for earth-based telescopes to detect.

    2: The DWE carrier signal did double duty as a channel for image transmission. Not only did the receiver screw-up result in loss of DWE data, but it also resulted in the loss of 350 images as well.

    3: Reception by Earth-based radio telescopes was uncertain at the time the DWE was designed. In addition, at the time the DWE was developed, it was thought that Earth-based radio telescopes would only be able to detect one axis of motion. The second axis of motion would have to come from the Cassini data.

  24. I'd much rather have more photos by qualico · · Score: 2, Informative

    Just to clarify, the "command" to turn "on" the oscillator for Channel A was not sent due to human error.
    So that equates to no data sent to Earth from Cassini for that Channel which contains the wind data and half of the photos.
    Channel B does not have a similar oscillator so it did not suffer from the same problem.

    So my question is, what data did they get, (or could get potentially)?
    Sounds like the photos will be lost because all they seem to have accomplished with the global radar conglomerate was a measurement of Huygens's Doppler shifting carrier wave signal.

    This is probably not as accurate as the direct measurements but will give us a replay of the descent to within 1km thanks to some correlation to VLBI measurements taken on Earth also.

    There is a heated debate between project teams going on in the background as to exactly where the probe landed.
    So this data should do well to help pinpoint the location.

    Because, I made up a collage, Titan's Huygens Collage

    I'm interested in seeing more images. Knowing wind speeds is good data, but personally I'd much rather have more photos for my collage. :) Lager version at spacescience.ca