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Classic Math Puzzle Cracked

An anonymous reader writes "This is cool - if mind-bending. A century ago, a self-taught math genius from India noticed some patterns in how numbers can be created by adding other numbers. Now a grad student has finished the job showing that the patterns apply to all prime numbers, not just some. There's more on the Indian math guy here."

118 of 555 comments (clear)

  1. Srinivasa Ramanujan? by crypto55 · · Score: 5, Informative

    you mean Srinivasa Ramanujan

    --
    Due to financial difficulties, the light at the end of the tunnel has been turned off.
    1. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by MarkusQ · · Score: 5, Insightful

      My thoughts exactly. I wonder, will the next article about relativity reference "some German physics guy"? Or, for that matter, should we be on the lookout for articles about an operating system software codes invented by a Finlandish computer guy?

      --MarkusQ

    2. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by caderoux · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The original post is horrible, it makes it out that he was some kind of idiot savant - he worked with Hardy at Trinity, and, if he hadn't died so young, could have gone on to who knows what else.

    3. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by melkorainur · · Score: 4, Insightful
      Prejudice is an ugly thing. But I'm not sure you can assert that the nature in which Ramanujan was referred to as "Indian math guy" in the parent post, was an artifact of prejudice, ignorance, disrespect or a combination of these things and more. In any case, the reason doesn't matter. What matters is that this article quality on /. is substandard and causing me to look for alternatives to /.

      Maybe it's time that we pulled in Indian editors to /., perhaps they could help push quality up a notch.

    4. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by Zoinks · · Score: 3, Funny

      I'm surprised we got as much detail! Should be something like "Some smart guy from a long time ago did some smart things, and now some other smart guy made them better..." Duuuuuh, that's what *I* got my degree for!

    5. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by d34thm0nk3y · · Score: 2, Insightful

      My thoughts exactly. I wonder, will the next article about relativity reference "some German physics guy"? Or, for that matter, should we be on the lookout for articles about an operating system software codes invented by a Finlandish computer guy?

      I think it was a reference to the Bill Nye story posted earlier. Poor taste, maybe, but will everybody stop being offended all PC like?

    6. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by RedWizzard · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I think it was a reference to the Bill Nye story posted earlier. I doubt it. Submissions usually sit in the queue for a day or two before being accepted (or rejected). Besides, since the submittors have no control over when their stories are posted, it'd be pretty stupid to try to reference an earlier story without an explicit link, wouldn't it?

    7. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by ChuckSchwab · · Score: 3, Insightful

      What pisses me off is how all of my well-written summaries get rejected, yet somehow "the Indian math guy" gets through.

    8. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by lazytiger · · Score: 3, Informative
      ...software codes invented by a Finlandish computer guy?

      You mean Finnish?

      Or, well, you know... this is Slashdot. I guess Finlandish is close enough.
    9. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by QMO · · Score: 5, Insightful

      It appears to me that Ramanujan's name was left out purposely to help understanding and spark interest.

      Most /. readers who care who'd care would know exactly who was meant. And for those who didn't know about Ramanujan, "a self-taught math genius from India" was more informative and more memorable than just the name.

      Also, the fact that the link to the bio was included seems to indicate that "anonymous reader" does know and care who "the Indian math guy" was.

      I apologize in advance for the following rant:
      The sad thing is that much of readership of /. is a little low on reading comprehension skills and misses things like this.

      --
      Exam 4/C again. Maybe I'll do better this time.
    10. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by Hrodvitnir · · Score: 3, Funny

      I heard Iceland just granted citizenship to some American chess player or something. He's also suing the U.S. for some reason.

      --
      "There are more important things than stopping terrorism. Upholding the Constitution is one of them." - Ars Forumer.
    11. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      Long live Finlandia!

    12. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by carpe_noctem · · Score: 4, Funny

      If they can catch the dupes, mispellings, and other obvious errors, I'm all for outsourcing slashdot.

      --
      "Quoting famous computer scientists out of context is the root of all evil (or at least most of it) in programming." - K
    13. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by 1u3hr · · Score: 2, Interesting

      And yesterday we had "a major Australian newspaper" omitting to mention it was the "Melbourne Age". It seems that foreigners aren't worthy of having names, so it's just a waste of space to use them. But "they" really rubbed it in with this one, mentioning Ramanujan's nationality twice and still avoiding the name -- though perhaps it would have been more insulting if they'd tried to use it, considering the quality of spelling here.

    14. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by GoofyBoy · · Score: 2, Insightful

      >It appears to me that Ramanujan's name was left out purposely to help understanding and spark interest.

      Thats like saying when someone types in all capitals its purposefully to help understanding and spark interest.

      You don't say "That MIT guy" or "That English guy in the wheelchair" just to help understanding. It verges on the disrepectful.

      If you want to spark interest do it on his work/his merit. Not on his nationality.

      --
      The surprise isn't how often we make bad choices; the surprise is how seldom they defeat us.
    15. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by cerebis · · Score: 3, Insightful
      Perhaps there is some obscure humourous or ironic context for the "some guy" approach but nearly everyone will interpret it as dumbing down the information. To me, that is the antithesis of what a geek audience would want.

      To demonstrate the ability to have nearly the exact same summary, without the dumbing down I present you an alternative, the extra two words bolded for emphasis.

      "This is cool - if mind-bending. A century ago, a self-taught math genius from India, named Ramanujan, noticed some patterns in how numbers can be created by adding other numbers. Now a grad student has finished the job showing that the patterns apply to all prime numbers, not just some. There's more on the Indian math guy here."
    16. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by ghoti · · Score: 2, Informative

      You must be kidding. K5's articles are a totally different league: they're original, thoughtful, and interesting. Plus, the articles are not only moderated by the readers, there's also an editing queue. Sure, they don't post a story for every minor kernel update or gnome release. But Kuro5hin is what I actually read, as opposed to casually browsing /.

      --
      EagerEyes.org: Visualization and Visual Communication
    17. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by Simonetta · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Few would remember a name from a distant culture. But many would remember that there was a math genius from India in the early 1900's if they had heard his story once.

      There was another genius like this, only he was a musical genius. There was an African-American slave in the mid-1800's who could play nearly anything on the piano after hearing it once or twice. He was a 'field slave', not a 'house slave'. He used to sneak up to the plantation manor house and listen to visiting musicians play Bach and Mozart on the piano. He was caught one night playing Bach on piano in the manor house and only escaped being whipped to death by his unbelievable talent. He also had the ability to sit down at the piano and play any chord that someone else had just played. He could do by ear.

      His 'master', the plantation owner, took him on concert tours around the US, even to the North where this black genius was not a legally-owned slave and would have been able to receive politcal asylum and freedom. But he always returned to the plantation with the 'master', as he was illiterate and uncomfortable among the northern wealthy gentry.

      I know that this guy existed; he was a genius whose type of talent appears only in one of ten million people, but I have no idea what his name was. Maybe some Slashdotters who are seriously into African-American musical history could let us know.

    18. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by famebait · · Score: 5, Funny

      All the nerds with jobs will be there, those in the US will be burger flippers (*) or on the street, and Slashdot's future audience will be over in India.

      This will in turn reduce productivity in India so much that America becomes competitive again! Brilliant!

      --
      sudo ergo sum
    19. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by thesixthreplicant · · Score: 3, Informative

      there were many maths geniuses from India during the 1900's. Bose, anyone?

    20. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by The-Bus · · Score: 3, Insightful

      "Indian self-taught math genius Srinivasa Ramanujan" works for me.

      --

      Small potatoes make the steak look bigger.

    21. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by yogkarma · · Score: 2, Interesting

      ZERO is from India (the back office,3rd world country etc.) I think its time to come up with new idea to build only using ONE. Let ZERO live alone. --

      Education should be so revolutionized as to answer the wants of the poorest villager, instead of answering those of an imperial exploiter. - Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi "Mahatma"

    22. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by Jesus_666 · · Score: 2, Funny

      Bose, anyone?

      No, I prefer Bang & Olufsen. But thanks for the offer.

      --
      USE HOT GRITS WITH STATUE OF NATALIE PORTMAN (NAKED AND PETRIFIED)
    23. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by computational+super · · Score: 2, Insightful
      It appears to me that Ramanujan's name was left out purposely to help understanding and spark interest

      You know, the thing about that is... it did spark my interest, and I'd like to learn more (I've never heard of the guy), so I clicked through the links, but there wasn't much meat there. So I clicked back and decided to look through the comments to see if there were any good links on Ramanujan's theorem's suggested by /. readers. Now, here I am, three-fourths of the way down the page, having scrolled through nothing but "you're a racist". "No I'm not". "Yes you are". "Are not". "Are so". Sigh... guess I'll have to bite the bullet and do my own research.

      --
      Proud neuron in the Slashdot hivemind since 2002.
    24. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by kurosawdust · · Score: 3, Insightful
      OK I survived the first twenty or so "dude, that Indian guy was Ramanujan, you moron" posts without saying anything, but your "prejudice/ignorance/disrespect! I'm taking my business elsewhere!" post pushed me over the edge.

      [Gets out bullhorn:]

      It is very obvious that the submitter was CONSCIOUSLY referring to Ramanujan as "some Indian guy or something, Idontrememberhisname" in a tounge-in-cheek way, a technique frequently used by those of us who possess an actual sense of humor. Please do not be alarmed or otherwise let this information affect your propensity for righteous indignation in the future. That is all.

    25. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by zungu · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I fully agree with you. Some "Indian math Guy" who is self-taught has a tone of prejudice in it. First, that he is some obscure Indian, not Ramanujan as one of the major contributors to number theory in his times. Second, some Indian math guy and self-taught seem to indicate that as if it was an accidental achievement, otherwise how can a well-educated discover something important? Slashdot needs a replacement, soon.

    26. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by determined · · Score: 2, Interesting

      You're referring to the main "unamed" character in James Weldon Johnson's book, The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. This book is fiction and AFAIK, the character was completely made-up. I could be wrong.

    27. Re:Srinivasa Ramanujan? by grixnair · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Instead of looking at the original post in such a negative way, perhaps you could see the reference to him being self-taught in a positive light. That a self-taught mathematician discovered something that all the PhD's and the like before him didn't is rather impressive. Perhaps it's not Slashdot that needs replacing, but the attitudes of some of it's readers.

  2. Let's not use real names or give any credit. by Leknor · · Score: 3, Funny

    Let's not use real names or give any credit to some guy.

    1. Re:Let's not use real names or give any credit. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      Ramanujan stole my job as a Perl coder!

  3. ramanujan by Ed+Pegg · · Score: 5, Informative

    More on Ramanujan at St. Andrews
    Also at physorg.
    It all deals with the Partition function.

  4. Interesting by winkydink · · Score: 4, Funny

    The Indian mathematician outsourced this to a US grad student

    --

    "I'd rather be a lightning rod than a seismometer." -Ken Kesey

  5. Why is this important to us? by cflorio · · Score: 3, Informative

    "Andrews says the methods used to arrive at the result will probably be applicable to problems in areas far afield from mathematics. He and Mahlburg note partitions have been used previously in understanding the various ways particles can arrange themselves, as well as in encrypting credit card information sent over the internet."

    1. Re:Why is this important to us? by rewt66 · · Score: 2, Informative

      Well, group theory is a fairly abstract area of math, but it winds up being used in the error-correction codes on CDs.

      Relations were just an obscure mathematical area until Codd came along.

      I'm sure there are plenty of other examples...

    2. Re:Why is this important to us? by Jerf · · Score: 4, Interesting

      No.

      Compression algorithms map one huge number (consider an entire file as one huge number) to another. They "work" because most huge numbers of interest in a given domain aren't valid; random ASCII is gibberish, not English, so we remap that "random" looking stuff to stuff of more interest. This allows us to pack the interesting things much more tightly into the small numbers.

      But for every number we shorten, we must also lengthen a number. Real-world algorithms do clever things to minimize the real-world impact of this fact, so you don't see it, but it's obvious if you think about it. If you have a sequence "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10" which maps back to 1-10, for every number you pull down (move 8 -> 2), another number moves up.

      No matter what you do, you can't create a magical compression algorithm that can be the "DNA" of all other numbers. You didn't say this directly, but a lot of people have this idea floating around in their head and I sort of "smell" it in your post.

      (Proof: Suppose you have a compression algorithm that always shortens a number, and the corresponding decryption function. (Note we don't assume anything about the nature of the algorithm other than the compression, so it applies to all such algorithms, no matter how fancy the math.) Of the binary numbers 00, 01, 10, 11, each is therefore shortened to 1 bit. But there are only two possibilities for that one bit, and it has to cover 4 numbers. This is not possible for a decompression function by definition of "function". Therefore, contradiction, and there is no such compression algorithm.

      I left the terminology a little fuzzy to try to prevent Math Overload; mathematicians should be able to fill in the blanks fairly easily.)

    3. Re:Why is this important to us? by dylan_- · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Your explanation is good, but I think maybe too complicated for the average punter. I tried to write the simplest one I could and came up with the following. Any comments appreciated (especially if it makes it simpler; the only vaguely technical word I've used in it is "compresssion" and since that's the topic, I think that fair):

      Why you can't keep compressing a computer file and why no system of compression can compress every file.

      The most important thing to remember here is that computer files are just numbers. BIG numbers, right enough, but numbers none the less. For example:

      111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 10 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111 111111111111111111111111111

      or

      10110001 00101101 10100001

      could be computer files (pretty short ones, but they're just examples). Now, obviously, if you're compressing a file, you're representing a big file by a smaller one. For instance, we could represent the first number by the second one.

      Consider if you had to represent all the numbers up to 100 with just 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Not "51" or "43", just those five numbers. Well, of course, you can't. You could have 1 == 67 and 2 == 83 and 3 == 98 and 4 == 55 and 5 == 12 but then you're out of numbers. You can only represent five different ones.

      So, that's why you can't have a universal compression scheme, and why you can't keep compressing a compressed file: because there are more big numbers than there are small numbers!

      --
      Igor Presnyakov stole my hat
    4. Re:Why is this important to us? by naoursla · · Score: 2, Insightful

      You don't have an optimal solution to compress a single message:

      If I say nothing, assume 00
      If I say 0, assume 01
      If I say 1, assume 10
      If I say 01, assume 11

      Assuming a uniform distribution of the message, you can expect 1 bit of data to be transmitted.

      However, this is a fake example. Given an information channel I need to define lots of things like what I am using to represent 0 and 1 and how often signals are expected.

      Say I have a telegraph wire. Each second I transmit a short signal (dot .) for 0 and a long signal (dash -) for 1. Translate my example to this scheme and we get:

      nothing nothing = 00
      . nothing = 01
      - nothing = 10 .- = 11

      Notice that I am really using 3 symbols for each signal. 3 symbols = log2(3) bits = 1.58 bits. I am using 2 symbols per message so I am sending a 2 bit message in just over 3 bits.

      Your example is the same:

      0 == 00,
      01 == 01,
      10 == 10,
      1 == 11

      I receive a 0, should I complete the message or wait for a 1? How long should I wait? The answer to that sets the baud (symbol rate). If you wait and don't receive a 1 then you have received and 'empty' symbol (or end-of-file if you want to call it that). You encoding scheme is basically the same as my 'fake' one above.

      If the messages you want to transmit (say 00, 01, 10, 11) all appear with the same regularity then you cannot compress the signal stream. However, if some of the bit pairs appear more often then we can use something like Huffman encoding to get a better bit count:

      00 - 50%
      01 - 25%
      10 - 12.5%
      11 - 12.5%

      00 = 0
      01 = 10
      10 = 110
      11 = 111

      So a message like
      00 01 00 10 11
      would be
      0100110111

      I am pretty sure this is unambiguous.

      This encoding scheme gives us an average bit count of: .5*1 + .25 *2 + .125*3 + .125*3 = 1.75 bits per 2 bits sent

      We can use entropy calculations to determine how much real information we would be getting in the original stream:
      -0.5*log2(0.5) - 0.25*log2(0.25) - 2*0.125*log2(0.125) = 1.75 bits

      Since the transmitted bit rate is the same as the message entropy the encoding scheme is optimal.

  6. Vaguest post I've ever seen by StateOfTheUnion · · Score: 5, Informative
    A century ago, a self-taught math genius from India noticed some patterns in how numbers can be created by adding other numbers.

    That's got to be the worst write up I've ever seen on /.

    This statement implies that the genius is famous because he noticed that there is/are pattern(s) in how you can add up numbers to get other numbers . . . that statement is so vague that the discovery could be incredible or intuitively obvious.

    Quoted from one of the links is a much better explanation below:

    One remarkable result of the Hardy-Ramanujan collaboration was a formula for the number p(n) of partitions of a number n. A partition of a positive integer n is just an expression for n as a sum of positive integers, regardless of order. Thus p(4) = 5 because 4 can be written as 1+1+1+1, 1+1+2, 2+2, 1+3, or 4. The problem of finding p(n) was studied by Euler, who found a formula for the generating function of p(n) (that is, for the infinite series whose nth term is p(n)xn). While this allows one to calculate p(n) recursively, it doesn't lead to an explicit formula. Hardy and Ramanujan came up with such a formula (though they only proved it works asymptotically; Rademacher proved it gives the exact value of p(n)).

    1. Re:Vaguest post I've ever seen by quarkscat · · Score: 2, Funny

      Not only that, but in other news:

      MSFT has just submitted a software patent on
      adding numbers together, based upon this f(n).

      The number 7(TM) has been brought to you by MSFT.

  7. Alteranative Text by Cheapy · · Score: 3, Informative

    Straight from the horses mouth... http://www.news.wisc.edu/10833.html I saw that a few days ago during the Nanotechnology article; I never thought of submitting it.

    --
    Would you kindly mod me +1 insightful?
    1. Re:Alteranative Text by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      Dang. Hate to reply to my own reply, but sorry for not including the formatted link in the reply!

  8. Dissappointing by Yeshua · · Score: 5, Insightful

    That Ramanujan is refered to as `that Indian math guy'...

    I thought this was news for nerds, sure maybe not everyone knows who Ramanujan was, but a good proportion should, at least enough that you don't have to demean him with a vague description.

    1. Re:Dissappointing by Lisandro · · Score: 4, Insightful

      You know, it bothered me too. I know it was most certainly not on purpose, but you could refer to him like other than "that math indian guy".

      Seemed disrespectful to me - specially for a guy who's probably brighter than 99% of anyone in ./, regardless of nationality.

    2. Re:Dissappointing by lostwanderer147 · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Even more disappointing than being referenced as "that Indian math guy" is the general /. reaction to the article. First off, RTFA, where it does try to explain what is meant by "adding up numbers," albeit somewhat poorly. Second, the general reaction shows that they needed to simplify it that much. As one previous commenter said, he's a genius, and people are making outsourcing jokes. Third, I'm disappointed that people are getting modded as "funny" when they make those jokes. I am not flamebaiting or trolling, and I am not a stiff prude, but I wish people would think before they posted, and before they modded.

      That said, the man was brilliant. It is only too bad that he died before he could do any more than he did. He had the potential to make breakthroughs in the same way that Newton, Einstein, etc. did. If only Hardy had let him continue to work in India...(Many people attribute his death to the unfamiliar climate of England. I know that he died of TB, but it is likely that he wouldn't have caught it had he remained in India.)

    3. Re:Dissappointing by QMO · · Score: 3, Interesting

      "If only Hardy had let him continue to work in India"

      IMO:
      He could not have worked in India. He needed a lot of personal tutoring and contact with first-rate mathematicians, and there haven't been many mathemeticians as first-rate as G. H. Hardy.

      Whether the early death was worth (to the world or to Ramanujan) the growth (to math, to Ramanujan, and to Hardy) that came from the Ramanujan-Hardy collaboration, I don't know.

      --
      Exam 4/C again. Maybe I'll do better this time.
  9. yeah by cheese_wallet · · Score: 4, Funny

    a self-taught math genius from India noticed some patterns in how numbers can be created by adding other numbers.

    yeah, I saw that too. Like, how if you have a 4, and add a 1, you get a 5. It's pretty cool.

  10. meth by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    "We would not have expected that the crank would have been the right answer to so many of these congruence theorems"

    ah crank.. is there anything it cant do?

  11. Na-hee-na-na-jar by Spankophile · · Score: 4, Funny

    "Na-hee, na-na-jar. Na-hee-na-na-jar.

    It's not that difficult."

    "Yeah, well at least your name isn't Michael Bolton."

    1. Re:Na-hee-na-na-jar by kryogen1x · · Score: 4, Funny

      "We'll be getting rid of these people here... First, Mr. Samir Naga... Naga... Naga... Not gonna work here anymore, anyway."

  12. Discoverer? by Repton · · Score: 4, Interesting

    It is interesting that the New Scientist article basically attributes the idea of studying number partitions to Ramanujan, yet the linked article on him mentions that Euler had studied the problem before, and given a partial solution...

    --
    Repton.
    They say that only an experienced wizard can do the tengu shuffle.
  13. Re:You could at least use his name in the article by woof321 · · Score: 2, Funny

    That German physics guy was in the news today, too. Interesting that they both came up with their ideas while working as a clerk. Maybe Dante and Randal will eventually lick cold fusion or something.

  14. Obilgatory story by uniqueCondition · · Score: 5, Interesting

    GH Hardy (he wrote A Mathematician's Apology) speaking of Ramanujan:

    I remember once going to see him when he was lying ill at Putney. I had ridden in taxi cab number 1729 and remarked that the number seemed to me rather a dull one, and that I hoped it was not an unfavorable omen. "No," he replied, "it is a very interesting number; it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways."

    (London 1940).

    --
    "The more you know, the less sure you are." - Voltaire
    1. Re:Obilgatory story by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative
      1^3 + 12^3 = 1 + 1728 = 1729

      9^3 + 10^3 = 729 + 1000 = 1729

    2. Re:Obilgatory story by biobogonics · · Score: 3, Funny

      Obilgatory story (Score:5, Interesting)
      by uniqueCondition (769252) on Tuesday March 22, @07:45PM (#12018209)
      GH Hardy (he wrote A Mathematician's Apology) speaking of Ramanujan:

      I remember once going to see him when he was lying ill at Putney. I had ridden in taxi cab number 1729 and remarked that the number seemed to me rather a dull one, and that I hoped it was not an unfavorable omen. "No," he replied, "it is a very interesting number; it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways."

      (London 1940).


      A funny co-incidence happened about 10 years ago that brought this story to mind when I moved back from A2 to Detroit. Our new phone number ended in 1729. Of course my GF complained that it would be hard to remember since it was such an un-interesting phone number!

    3. Re:Obilgatory story by nyri · · Score: 2, Interesting

      When J. E. Littlewood heard about the taxi incident he commented: "Every positive integer is one of Ramanujan's personal friends."

  15. Pakistan not nurturing at all. by AtariAmarok · · Score: 3, Informative
    "I think Pakistan is seen as a much more attractive venue for logistical and scientific work."

    Not really. It only works if you are Muslim and male there. Pakistan actually has laws which include rape as a punishment for women, and the system also encourages killing of non-Muslims by specifically (in the code of law) making the killing of a non-Muslim a minor crime compared to the killing of a Muslim. I can provide links to both horrific laws if you want. That is not very intellectual or nurturing. Islam has absolutely no place in law, and any country that governs by Islamic law is declaring a war on those who don't worship the Muslim god. That is rather anti-intellectual. The same goes, of course, for any government that forces any religion on its people, including Christianity.

    --
    Don't blame Durga. I voted for Centauri.
  16. You'd have had more street cred ... by A+nonymous+Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    ... if you'd posted anonymously.

  17. Re:What's in a name? by oskillator · · Score: 4, Insightful
    I'd be willing to bet that if it was a European name, it would have been included in the post

    The summary didn't name Karl Mahlburg, the subject of the article, either.

  18. Re:Incest? by Cerv · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Or his mother cooked for him, and later his wife cooked for him.

    --
    sig
  19. How incredibly sad by palki · · Score: 5, Insightful

    ... that Ramanujan gets referred to on slashdot as the "Indian math guy" and is followed by jokes on outsourcing. You can read about him at http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Ramanuja n.html or read the book "The Man who knew infinity" by Robert Kanigel. He had remarkable contributions in number theory, all made with very little formal training. His story cannot be explained in any other way but supreme in-born genius (he himself explained it by inspiration from the goddess Namagiri). The attitude to math in the general populace is one of total avoidance. I had hopes that the average slashdotter was different.

  20. Ramanujan was one of the greats of mathematics. by Schwarzchild · · Score: 4, Informative
    Did you know that when Doug Lenat was working on his Ph.D he developed AM (Automated Mathematician) which re-discovered one of Ramanujan's many discoveries.

    I believe that the American Mathematical Society wrote up a nice review of his lost or last notebook a few years ago.

    --

    "sweet dreams are made of this..."

  21. Russell by kaalamaadan · · Score: 5, Informative

    The coolest reference on Hardy's reaction to Ramanujan's initial letter is seen in a letter that was sent by Bertrand Russell to an acquaintance. It goes something like:

    "Saw Littlewood and Hardy in a considerable state of excitement. They claim to have discovered a second Newton, a Hindu clerk working in Madras for 20 pounds a year...It's all secret now, of course. I feel excited to know this"

    From: Ramanujan: Letters and Commenary

    Bruce C. Berndt and Robert L. Rankin.

    American Mathematical Society-London Mathematical Society.

  22. Numbers were there before the big bang by arrowman · · Score: 5, Funny

    "how numbers can be created by adding other numbers"... that sounds more like the observation of an American presidency guy.

  23. Re:How incredibly sad by griffm · · Score: 2, Informative

    I was going to mention the Robert Kanigel book as well. It's a great book. You've beaten me to the punch.

  24. Now you tell us. by Whyte+Panther · · Score: 2, Funny

    Does this mean I've been wasting my CPU cycles?

  25. Re:You could at least use his name in the article by craXORjack · · Score: 2, Funny

    I am a self taught web surfer from Indiana. I like puzzles and I like the way the editor drew me into the article by allowing me to discern the genius's name by noticing a pattern in the name of the embedded url. Just like Sesame Street's "One of these things is not like the others" game, audience participation turned this article from a whoa :( to a wow :D. I give it two hearty thumbs up!

    --
    Liberals call everyone Nazis yet they are the closest thing to it.
  26. Re:Timothy is racist by ovit · · Score: 2, Funny

    Not necessarily. He might just be an idiot.

  27. Re:You could at least use his name in the article by Ohreally_factor · · Score: 3, Funny

    This reminds me of that movie, you know? The one about that guy that did stuff?

    --
    It's not offtopic, dumbass. It's orthogonal.
  28. Mystery Illness? by LokieLizzy · · Score: 5, Informative
    "England in 1914 and worked there until shortly before his untimely death in 1920 following a mystery illness."

    He didn't die from a "mystery illness", he died from tuberculosis (or as it was called back then, the consumption).

    --
    My digital rights don't need management.
    1. Re:Mystery Illness? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Actually there is some argument as to what he died from. It may have been from a parasitic liver infection. Also he died in India after he returned in 1919, not in England.

  29. In other news... by BigBadDude · · Score: 5, Funny

    "A decade ago, a self-taught computer genius from Finland [...] There's more on the Finish computer guy here."

    (I think you get the point)

  30. Re:India is a pseudo-democracy. by kaalamaadan · · Score: 2, Informative
    Are you talking about the non-uniform civil code?

    Only the civil code is non-uniform. This deals with marriage, divorce and inheritance, for instance.

    A murder is a criminal case, and it is uniformly treated in the Indian Penal Code, irrespective of the usual divisions.

  31. Desperately seeking kelp by Zoinks · · Score: 2, Funny

    I would like to encrypt my credit card information for sending it over the Internet. Can someone *please* help me use this article to do that? I mean, where do I plug in the credit card number? Does it matter that mine doesn't end in "4" or "9"? Do I need the CCV?

  32. wife? mother? by joako · · Score: 2, Funny

    "Ramanujan had always lived in a tropical climate and had his mother (later his wife) to cook for him: now he faced the English winter, and he had to do all his own cooking to adhere to his caste's strict dietary rules." Wow.. I really think they could have worded that better.

  33. Don't forget Pi... by pyrrhonist · · Score: 4, Informative

    The Pi symbol /. uses for Math articles is very appropriate in this case, because Ramanujan also came up with a formula for the numerical representation of Pi
    That's the first thing I thought of when I saw the article text, and I was kind of disappointed it wasn't about that particular aspect of Ramanujan.

    --
    Show me on the doll where his noodly appendage touched you.
  34. Re:Don't kid yourself. by ChuckSchwab · · Score: 3, Insightful

    That's not the point. He is a person. He did something important. He has a name. He is NOT "the Indian math guy".

  35. Re:Don't kid yourself. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Ramanujan was one of the greatest mathematical geniuses of the 20th century. there are some people on./ who could do with some basic education.

  36. Calling him "Indian" is racist by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    I think he should be called a "Native American", or more specifically, his tribe, cherokee, apache, or iroquis.

    But Indian? Welcome to 1875, Mr. Racist.

    1. Re:Calling him "Indian" is racist by thesnarky1 · · Score: 2, Funny

      It's not "socially challenged", its "lonely and bored on a friday night

  37. Know your math department by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    When I was a PhD math student, I often annoyed professors by asking them about real-world applications, and usually got vague answers like the one quoted.

    Well, then don't go to the Pure Math department when you're asking questions about Applied Math! Don't go to the C&O department, and ask about Statistics, and don't go the Actuary Science department, and ask about Accounting! Yes, they're all within the Math Faculty, but you have to pick your department correctly, or you won't get the answers you want! Sheesh! You wouldn't go to a French professor, and get all annoyed that they didn't speak ancient greek, would you? They're in the Arts Faculty, but Ancient Greek belongs to the Classical Studies department, and French belongs to Romance Languages department.

    There is a lot of mathematics out there with real world applications: modeling for physics and engineering, non-linear statistical methods for stock market analysis, all sorts of new crypographic methods and applications, graphical rendering engines; tons of stuff.

    Typically, pure math is far in advance of real-world applications: most of the mathematics we use today had no "real world" application when it was first concieved of. Field theory was considered "useless" when it was created, but it forms the heart of both modern cryptography, and of error correcting codes. These two, in turn, have become crucial to the success of our banking and telecommunications industries.

    New insights into eliptic curves are yielding a new form of cryptography; the discrete logarithm problem forms the basis of another. Ten years ago, quantum computing was a matter of purely speculative mathematics; today, it exists as an experimental science.

    Imaginary numbers were so named because no one figured they had real world uses: today, they're taught as a practical matter for electrical engineers to use in their electronics calculations. Taylor series approximations take the guesswork out of sin and cosine calculations, polynomial interpolation techniques allows computation of a "curve of best fit" for arbitrary scientific data, and every modern engineer is now aquainted with Fourier's transform. Some of Benoit Mandlebrot's notions about fractals were used to create JPEG compression, in common use on the Internet. Wavelet theory is currently being developed to attempt to improve on current methods.

    Math is pushing ahead very fast; the real reason you don't usually see it is because it's often right at the heart of things; deep inside our hashing algorithms, hidden in a cryptography library, working behind the scenes as the statistical underpinnings of a successful greylist design that keeps spam away. It's in the boolean algebras that were used to design an efficient circuit layout, and in the iterative methods used to compute a new airfoil design. It's everywhere.

    --
    AC

    1. Re:Know your math department by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative
      Gauss, (hmm.. where have I heard that name before) invented imaginagry numbers

      Gauss did quite a lot of things in math, but inventing imaginary numbers was not one of them. These numbers were known long before him and their name was coined by Rene Descartes, as a quick glance at wikipedia would reveal. Incidentally, Descartes named the numbers imaginary exactly because he did not believe they could "exist."

      Gauss was french

      Gauss was one of the greatest german mathematicians, my friend.

    2. Re:Know your math department by Perdo · · Score: 2, Interesting

      You are correct, I'm terrible with names.

      "The term was coined by René Descartes in 1637 in his La Géométrie and was meant to be derogatory: obviously, such numbers were thought not to exist."

      This statement does not give him enough credit.

      The word has been misstranslated.

      Imaginaire

      Of the mind, or

      Image-less
      Invisible
      Vision less

      He described them this way because they could not be plotted using his cartesian coordinate system, not because they obviously didn't exist. He used them, and new better that that.

      --

      If voting were effective, it would be illegal by now.

  38. Re:Don't kid yourself. by Y0tsuya · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Excuse me for not being a Linus fanboy, but Linus is NOT in the same league as Einstein. I'm surprised they're mentioned in the same sentence. When Linus dies, nobody will be falling over themselves to dissect his brain.

  39. What implications does this have for cyptography? by chigby · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Any slashdot cyrpto gurus want to take a stab as to what implications this has for cryptogrphy and factoring large numbers?

  40. Does this remind anyone of Bill and Ted's? by syousef · · Score: 4, Insightful

    "All you've learned was that Ceasar was a salad dressing dude."

    and:

    "If I was a short French dude from the past where would I go?"

    --
    These posts express my own personal views, not those of my employer
  41. If only Ramanujan had lived longer by mincognito · · Score: 2, Funny

    But when your number's up...

  42. Re:Don't kid yourself. by QMO · · Score: 2, Funny

    "I find your lack of faith disturbing."

    "Never underestimate the power of the [fans]."

    Elvis is a good example of the strange things people will do for a dead guy. (Except, he's not really dead, right?)

    --
    Exam 4/C again. Maybe I'll do better this time.
  43. Crypto is the biggest consumer of number theory by tepples · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Well, then don't go to the Pure Math department when you're asking questions about Applied Math!

    The question to pure mathies might have been phrased: "What have the Applied Math people done with your past discoveries in this sub-field?" In the case of number theory and other discrete fields of study (pardon the pun), discoveries have so often led to something or other regarding cryptography or cryptanalysis or both.

  44. Re:Don't kid yourself. by frankie · · Score: 4, Insightful

    NOT in the same league as Einstein or Linus Torvalds

    Funny that your parochial flamebait happens to be true. Ramanujan was definitively smarter than either of them.

    Not to put down Big Al, but he only had a small armful of memorable discoveries spread over the decades of his career. OTOH, Ramanujan pumped out astonishingly brilliant stuff pretty much every day of his sadly brief adult life.

  45. Re:How incredibly sad by notnAP · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I could not agree more.
    Mathematics at this level, in my naive opinion, is almost an art form, in that it uses unscientific methods to reach scientifically provable results. And in so doing, it reveals volumes about the method of knowledge.
    I've spent countless hours playing with calculators watching for patterns. I once worked at a job that left me sitting at a desk for hours with nothing to do but think, and playing with numbers never failed to fill the time with amusing discoveries of how numbers could produce unexpected symmetries and results.
    While I did quite well in prep school in mathematics, my love for mathematical symmetry morphed to the study of music theory in college (the two are not as dissimilar as most would think).
    There are beauties to be found in numbers, in pure mathematics. It is nothing short of the study of the world around us as expressed in purely intellectual form. At the highest level, I would not be surprised if the observations turn inward toward the observer, if the discoveries tell us more about how intellect works as it understands quantization than about the actual numbers at play.
    This "Indian math guy" would have been one hell of a guy to have dinner with. What I'd do to be inside his mind for just a short time!
    Don't mock or belittle that which you don't understand. To do so often reveals more about yourself than you probably want revealed.

  46. Re:You forgot: by Bloomy · · Score: 2, Funny
    But 24^3 = 13824. Though 25^3 + (-24)^3 + (-4)^3 + (-2)^3 = 1729

    But if we use negative integers, 1729 gets trumped by 0, since x^3 + (-x)^3 = 0 for all integers.

  47. True story (I may post it again sometime) by QMO · · Score: 3, Funny

    As a math graduate student student I was invited to watch the presentations of the people applying for a graduate faculty position at the university. I was only able to make it to one of the presentations, but it was an unforgetable experience for me.

    The applicant gave a very interesting presentation. I got lost during the first 5 minutes when he was still giving background, but it was still interesting. His presentation was on - assuming that I remember any of the very little that I may have understood - some specific behaviors of the infinite boundaries of n-dimensional manifolds.

    The best part was when he said, "In case you think that this is just esoteric and 'out there,' I want you to know that this stuff has real applications in topology."

    There were about 6 other grad students and 15 math faculty there and I think I was the only one to notice how funny that was, so I'm sorry if you don't get the joke.

    --
    Exam 4/C again. Maybe I'll do better this time.
  48. "Indian math guy"?!?! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    From the writeup I know know that "some Indian math guy" did something about "how numbers can be created by adding other numbers".

    News for nerds indeed. The man is one of the most well-known mathematicians there is (as much as a mathematician can be well known). The guy even has a number named after him, 1729.
    That article also has a lot of fun Futurama references too.

  49. Re:The really annoying part. by Darby · · Score: 5, Informative

    His name is in the first sentence.

    I just moused over, and it's in the freaking URL.

  50. Useful references by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    The best general reading about applied math in the context of Ramanujan's work and life are in G.H. Hardy's A Mathematician's Apology and Robert Kanigel's The Man Who Knew Infinity. Both are excellent reads for non mathematicians.

  51. Also suggests a low number of Indian maths guys by EmbeddedJanitor · · Score: 3, Interesting
    The use of the Indian math guy term also implies that there have been very few Indian mathematicians.

    India has a very long history of mathematics. eg. Pythagoras theorom was proven in India long before Pythagoras was even born.

    --
    Engineering is the art of compromise.
  52. Pathetic by LukePieStalker · · Score: 2, Interesting

    This sounds like it was posted by a Seventeen reader. A new low for /.

  53. Re:Don't kid yourself. by iocat · · Score: 4, Insightful
    I never even passed Calculus -- shit, I'm not even sure I spelled Calculus right -- and I knew exactly who Ramanujan is (and I also knew exactly what the poster was talking about when he said "Indian math guy". You have to live under a goddamn rock never to have heard of him, if you're any kind of geek or nerd.

    That said, my guess is that the poster had copied the URL of the story and couldn't remember how to spell Ramanujan, and just used some shorthand which came off as a slight where one wasn't intended. The myriad of inevitable offshoring jokes are much more offensive than the (correct if somewhat lame) description of Ramanujan as an "Indian math guy."

    --

    Dude, I think I can see my house from here.

  54. Re:How incredibly sad by Darby · · Score: 2, Interesting

    While I did quite well in prep school in mathematics, my love for mathematical symmetry morphed to the study of music theory in college (the two are not as dissimilar as most would think).

    That's certainly true.

    How's this for a strange coincidence.

    It would be tough to name the greatest mathematician, or the greatest composer of all time since there is a great deal of subjectivity to that.
    However, I believe that it's pretty generally accepted that the greatest musical dynasty was the Bach family and the greatest mathematical dynasty was the Bernoulli family.

    There were at least 3 generations of some of the greats in their respective fields.

    They lived at the same time, and within 100 miles of each other.

    I'm not saying it means anything, but it truly amazed me the first time I learned about it.

  55. Re:Don't kid yourself. by Macadamizer · · Score: 4, Informative

    Not to put down Big Al, but he only had a small armful of memorable discoveries spread over the decades of his career.

    You are kidding, right? Sure, as Einstein grew older, he produced less and less, but here's what he did in 1905 alone:

    "A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions" (Einstein's doctoral dissertation) (30 April 1905)
    Buchdruckerei K. J. Wyss, Bern, 1906.
    Also: Annalen der Physik, 19(1906), pp. 289-305.
    This is Einstein's doctoral dissertation, submitted after much delay to the University of Zurich. In it he uses available physical data on the diffusion of sugar in solution and the effect of dissolved sugar on the solution's viscosity to determine the size of sugar molecules and Avogadro's number. The analysis makes the kinetic theory of heat more definite, in so far as it provides a measure of the real size of molecules, so that they cannot be dismissed as easily as useful fictions. It is the least impressive of Einstein's work of 1905 although, curiously, the most cited.

    "On the motion of small particles suspended in liquids at rest required by the molecular-kinetic theory of heat." (Brownian motion paper) (May 1905; received 11 May 1905)
    Annalen der Physik, 17(1905), pp. 549-560.
    In this paper Einstein reports that the kinetic theory of heat predicts that small particles suspended in water must execute a random motion visible under the microscope. He suspects this motion is Brownian motion but has insufficient data to affirm it. The prediction is a powerful test of the truth of the kinetic theory of heat. A failure to observe the effect would refute the theory. If it is seen and measured, it provides a way to estimate Avogadro's number. The domain in which the effect is observed is one in which the second law of thermodynamics no longer holds, a disturbing result for the energeticists of the time.

    "On the electrodynamics of moving bodies" (special relativity) (June 1905; received 30 June 1905)
    Annalen der Physik, 17(1905), pp. 891-921.
    Einstein develops the special theory of relativity in this paper. His concern, as he makes clear in the introduction, is that then current electrodynamics harbors a state of rest, the ether state of rest, and the theory gives very different accounts of electrodynamic processes at rest or moving in the ether. But experiments in electrodynamics and optic have provided no way to determine which is the ether state of rest of all inertial state of motion. Einstein shows that Maxwell-Lorentz electrodynamics has in fact always obeyed a principle of relativity of inertial motion. We just failed to notice it since we tacitly thought that space and time had Newtonian properties, not those of special relativity.

    "Does the inertia of a body depend on its energy content?" (E=mc2) (September 1905; received 27 September 1905) Annalen der Physik, 18(1905), pp. 639-41.
    Written as a brief follow-up to the special relativity paper, this short note derives the inertial of energy: all energy E also has an inertia E/c2.

    "On a heuristic viewpoint concerning the production and transformation of light." (light quantum/photoelectric effect paper) (17 March 1905)
    Annalen der Physik, 17(1905), pp. 132-148.
    While the victory in the 19th century of the electromagnetic wave theory of light over Newton's corpuscle view is undeniable, Einstein shows that its success is incomplete. The theory gives incorrect results for the analysis of heat radiation. He looks at the thermodynamic properties of high frequency heat radiation and finds that this radiation behaves just like a collection of many spatially localized units ("quanta") of energy of magnitude hf (h=Planck's constant, f=frequency). He proceeds to show how this quantum view of light makes sense of several experiments in electrodynamics and optics, the best know being the photoelectric effect. He then described the paper as "revolutionary."

    And these were on wildly different apsects of physics -- Brownian motion, Relativity, Statistical Mechanics, Photoele

    --

    "That's not even wrong..." -- Wolfgang Pauli
  56. Ramanujan Biography by mtDNA · · Score: 4, Informative

    A wonderful biography of Ramanujan is, "The Man Who Knew Infinity: A Life of the Genius Ramanujan", by Robert Kanigel

    It's really interesting. Ramanujan was doing all this brilliant number theory on his own in India, and he decided to start sending his ideas around. He contacted several brilliant mathematicians, none of whom could figure out what he was talking about, largely because Ramanujan had some peculiar ways of expressing things. Finally Ramanujan contacted G. H. Hardy (at Cambridge), who saw his potential. Hardy invited Ramanujan to come to Cambridge right away, but couldn't get him to come because Ramanujan was a devout Hindu, and felt that he would be permanently "polluted" were he to leave India. Eventually, Ramanujan came to an agreement with his mother and went to spend time with Hardy, who spent a great deal of time helping Ramanujan convert his raw ideas into a more traditional, presentable form for maths journals. Ramanujan had a tough time in Cambridge, because he really didn't fit in. Eventually, he became very sick (tuberculosis, I think), and died. My understanding is that serious mathematicians are continuing to gather many new ideas in number theory from Ramanujan's notebooks, which are published by Springer-Verlag.

    --


    If you watch TV news, you know less about the world than if you just drank gin straight from the bottle.
  57. Indian math guy!?? by grikdog · · Score: 5, Insightful

    By the same token, "German guess guy" is Heisenberg, "Italian nuke guy" is Fermi and "Slashdot condescension guy" is whoever bespoke "Indian math guy," referring to Ramanujan. Mathematics, made of pure thought, advances meteorically faster than the dull material world, let alone the moral, spiritual or (shall we call a spade a spade?) ethological world of semi-sentient apes and slash dotters. Ramanujan lived in a future virtually all of us cannot even imagine, and his name is revered, not because we understand him, but because he thought the future beautiful.

    --
    ``Tension, apprehension & dissension have begun!'' - Duffy Wyg&, in Alfred Bester's _The Demolished Man_
    1. Re:Indian math guy!?? by book_reader · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Give me a break, I agree with the above comment to use "Indian math guy" when we are talkng about a Srinivasa Ramanujan is stupid beyond belief. He is one of the most well known mathematicians of the 20'th century and while it is true he started out mostly self taught, he came to work with G.H. Hardy at Cambridge University where for a tragically short time he was able to work with Hardy and others. Hardy, in particular, tried very hard to teach Ramanujan stuff he needed to know and he needed to know a lot, talent alone is not enough although with Ramanujan it came real close to overcoming his lousy math background.
      Anyway, while Ramanujan was certainly posessed of great talent, it will always be an open question as to how much more he would have accomplished if he had been aware of work done by the great mathematicians of the past.
      His insights were deep but occasionally flawed, he proved very little and his astonishing native genuius was almost certainly not fully utilized because he wouldn't or couldn't "stand on the shoulders of giants: (such as Riemann or Hadamard)... Or, as Hardy put it: "What was to be done in the way of teaching him modern mathematics? The limitations of his knowledge were as startling as its profundity."

      Good short biographies may be found at:
      http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/M athem aticians/Ramanujan.html
      and http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Ramanuja n.html

  58. Bullshit! by jamrock · · Score: 2, Informative

    Thanks for the FUD, asshat. Ramanujan died of tuberculosis.

  59. Re:Don't kid yourself. by mamba-mamba · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Einstein was very smart.

    I wouldn't want to put him down.

    But I agree that Ramanujan was a phenomenon. He was so completely different from any of his contemporary mathematicians that there is really no comparison.

    He was discovered by the west when he sent a manuscript to Hardy, a famous English mathematician. Hardy almost discarded it, since much of it was stuff he had seen before (though Ramanujan had rediscovered it independently), but it also contained 120 thereoms no one but Ramanujan had ever seen before.

    Later, when he came to England, Ramanujan filled notebooks with thousands of theorems, though not, apparently with proofs. I think proving Ramanujan's thereoms is still a major occupation of academia.

    Interestingly, there is a similar story involving Einstein. Bose, who was an unknown Indian physics instructor, sent an unsolicited manuscript to Einstein which eventually led to the theory of Bose statistics, or Bose-Einstein statistics and the Bose condensate.

    Crackpots from all over the world were sending Einstein manuscripts, and Bose's manuscript looked a lot like one of these. But Einstein read it anyway, and saw that Bose's ideas had merit. Ultimately, it seemed that Bose only had the one really good idea in him, and after collaborating with Einstein on the one paper, he went back to India and continued teaching. Apparently he was an especially good teacher.

    MM

    --
    By including this sig, the copyright holders of this work or collection unreservedly place it in the public domain.
  60. Just scratching the surface... by gnovos · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Now start to get your head around this... what if numbers are just, well, *human* constructs. As hard as that is to get your head around, think how easily that little concept completely changes your view of things.

    If numbers are human constructs and nothing "inherant" in the universe, then the patterns that we find are not that unexpected. Humans are pattern hunting machines.

    --
    "Your superior intellect is no match for our puny weapons!"
  61. Wow, numbers can be created adding other numbers by gotan · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I assume these numbers are added to numbers to create (astonishingly) numbers. And this operation can even be applied to all prime numbers! This is really mindbending and puzzling and probably innovative too. Is this method patented yet? Hey, i got a great idea: let's use the "+" sign for this operation, something like "+(number1,number2)", i think i'll patent that.

    Maybe that anonymous reader should've freed himself from the mindbended state briefly and taken the few extra seconds to specify "numbers" for the benefit of the readers.

    --
    "By the way if anyone here is in advertising or marketing... kill yourself." -- Bill Hicks
  62. Srinivasa Ramanujan was NOT Blind Tom by Ludd's+Brudder · · Score: 3, Informative
    mentioned in an article about David Helfgott
    "The mentally retarded Tom, born a slave in Georgia in 1850, was exhibited by his former owner, a Mr. P.H. Oliver, in the nineteenth century as "the greatest musical prodigy since Mozart." A contemporary description of one of his concerts "shrivels the soul," according to Harold Schonberg. Tom would sit at the piano to be bribed by Mr. Oliver with cakes and candy until he played. At the end of each piece he would applaud himself violently. Tom was lauded by the media of his day as "incredibly gifted." One critic was certain she detected in his playing the mark of genius: "Some beautiful caged spirit, one could not but know, struggled for breath under that brutal form and idiotic brain." According to Schonberg, Tom attracted in his day more attention than all other American pianists put together. He toured England and even played at the White House. Blind Tom died in obscurity in New Jersey in 1908. Where Mr. Oliver retired to is unrecorded."
    It's unlikely that Tom's fame was due to any musical talent.
  63. Re:Don't kid yourself. by stor · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Not to put down Big Al, but he only had a small armful of memorable discoveries spread over the decades of his career.

    Only on Slashdot would there be a dude who argues that _Einstein's_ number of discoveries was mediocre ;)

    Relative to other geniuses, of course... *ow!*

    Cheers
    Stor

    --
    "Yeah well there's a lot of stuff that should be, but isn't"
  64. some guy??????? by carlmenezes · · Score: 4, Insightful

    What's up with that? So they only have names when they're American scientists? Do you know how much Srinivasa Ramanujam contributed to math??? Just because YOU don't know them does NOT make them any less deserving of the respect they SHOULD get from everyone for their contribution to the field!! Or are you just another one of those hicks who respects people based on their nationality and on rubbish like "if i don't know them, they're not worth knowing"?

    Have some decency. Recognize genius and respect it. What have you accomplished? Even 1/10th of what any respected scientist has? Don't you expect people to call you by your name and not "hey you"? Why not give the same respect to others?

    I'm also surprised that the Slashdot editors let this story be published without correcting it!! What, are story submissions now governed by a perl script?

    RANT OFF.

    --
    Find a job you like and you will never work a day in your life.
  65. Good Will Hunting by saha · · Score: 3, Informative
    If you took a few calculus you would have to learn a little history about Gottfried Leibniz and Issac Newton fathers of modern calculus. On the other hand if you say Pierre de Fermat (father of differential calculus), everyone has heard of Fermat's Last Theorem.

    If you took number theory or some high level mathematics courses and never heard about Srinivasa Ramanujan it would be akin to studying relativistic physics and never hearing about Albert Einstein .

    Most people probably heard about Ramanujan recently from the movie "Good Will Hunting". Where they refer to Ramanujan by name several time during the movie, although they totally butchered his name and made me cringe every time they said it. The movie is based on a Ramanujan type character, in Hollywood fashion though. Where a young good looking confidant and outgoing Matt Damon with the physique of a construction worker plays the math genius. Ramanujan was shy, introvert, awkward and not in the best physical health.

    1. Re:Good Will Hunting by Cryogenes · · Score: 3, Insightful


      If you took number theory or some high level mathematics courses and never heard about Srinivasa Ramanujan it would be akin to studying relativistic physics and never hearing about Albert Einstein

      Not true. I am a math PhD, but none of my profs ever mentioned Ramanujan to me. Hofstadter's Gödel-Escher-Bach devotes a chapter to Ramanujan, as do several other other popular science books, but it is more for the good story than for his actual merits.

      Becoming a grandmaster requires talent and guidance. Ramanujan had great talent but no proper guidance and as a result the product of his tragic life is mostly curiosities and anecdotes. He has some good results, but there is no comparison between him and people like Pierre Fermat or Albert Einstein who single-handedly created new branches of science.

  66. Re:Don't kid yourself. by Mycroft_VIII · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Even if Bose had only one good idea, he still did better than most of us. Plus a good teacher, especially in the 'hard' subjects, isn't to be sneered at eigther. Not that you seemed to be putting him down.

    Mycroft

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    https://signup.leagueoflegends.com/?ref=4c3ed6600b6ea
  67. Better example of unexpected genius by Ludd's+Brudder · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Mir Sultan Khan arrived in England in 1929 as manservant to an Indian Maharaja, and immediately took the European chess world by storm (the Wikipedia article compares him to Morphy). He convincingly defeated all the great players of that era -- Alekhine, Capablanca, Euwe, Rubenstein, more, but when the American master Reuben Fine visited the maharaja's digs in London, Khan was the waiter who served the meal. In 1933, the maharaja left England and Khan was taken back to India: no more tournament chess for him.

    His story is not the same as the story of Blind Tom, in spite of cetain similarities. There is no indication that Khan's owner/employer exploited those remarkable talents, and the talents were in fact measurably remarkable. In the case of Blind Tom, one is tempted to think of S. Johnson's remark: "Sir, a woman's preaching is like a dog's walking on his hind legs. It is not done well; but you are surprised to find it done at all." [from Boswell's Life of Johnson]

  68. Blind Tom by juanco · · Score: 3, Informative

    Wikipedia has its own version of the blind slave pianist:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_Tom

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    -- Juanco
  69. Cryptography? by northcat · · Score: 2, Interesting

    OK, so I'm an idiot in maths, and I've read about prime numbers and cryptography and how predicting prime numbers can help crack encrypted material, so is this development of any significance with cryptography?

  70. Re:some guy??????? by ForemastJack · · Score: 2, Funny

    "I'm also surprised that the Slashdot editors let this story be published without correcting it!! What, are story submissions now governed by a perl script?"

    Unlikely.

    I, for one, have considerable confidence that a fairly simple perl script could at least competently produce basic English spelling and grammar.

  71. Your troll might make sense by AtariAmarok · · Score: 2, Insightful
    Your troll might make sense if it was on-topic and factual.

    "What a complete joke of a post, rape as a punishment? What are you waffling about? Are you so blind that you believe everything you hear on TV?"

    What does TV have to do with this? I read this from Pakistani sources. Even the Pakistani "patriot" who posted the parent item knows about it.

    "Obviously, there is a war going on with the Muslims right now, obviously, negative propaganda about them will be encouraged."

    "Propaganda" defined by you as information you don't like and would want to keep secret.

    "I remember studying British Propaganda about the Germans in World War 2"

    And I remember studying the Crimean war. But what does either entirely irrelevant situation have to do with anything? Oh wait. Your example is connected a little: like WW2 Germany, Pakistan is governed by a military dictatorship that has a foreign policy goal of exterminating Jews (they do not recognize the rights of Israelis to exist). It is not anywhere near as bad as Nazi Germany, but it is rather antisemitic.

    "Not to mention the fake Iraqis overturning incubators"

    What were these fake Iraqis really, once you took their "Iraqi costumes" off. Were they Bildeburger agitprop agents? Or was it Mossad guys?

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    Don't blame Durga. I voted for Centauri.