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Resurrection Ecology Gives Life to Old Eggs

Ant writes "ABC News reports that scientists are bringing the past to life by hatching eggs once thought to be dead and producing colonies of animals as they existed decades ago. They are calling it 'resurrection ecology,' and it's a whole new field that quite literally allows scientists to observe evolution as it occurred, using animals that were quite different than their kinfolk today."

26 of 582 comments (clear)

  1. Side effects may vary. by suso · · Score: 5, Funny

    Resurrection Ecology Gives Life to Old Eggs

    Maybe this will put an end to those viagra emails I keep getting too. ;-)

  2. Finally! by aendeuryu · · Score: 4, Funny

    Can this possibly be used as an argument for evolution?

    1. Re:Finally! by larley · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Not exactly. There have been experiments which, for all intents and purposes, have been solid arguments for evolution. The evidence at this point is overwhelmingly present. However, many do not accept it despite the evidence.

      I mean, this will still not prove it for most creationists, since it will only show what can happen under closed, controlled conditions. It's never realistic enough to change the lives of the people to whom absolute, totally undeniable proof of evolution would be a faith-shattering experience.

      There will always be room for another Scopes Monkey Trial, even today. There are still creationist education groups. It's not like the evidence will be easily accepted by them, either. It will take more than just some simulated ecosystems.

    2. Re:Finally! by A+beautiful+mind · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yeah, i agree.

      It's just stupid evolution has to be dragged into every single discussion about something biology. When biologists say that they have a scientific consensus about the validity of evolution that means its the same when physicists say this about gravity.

      The people denying evolution are not lacking evidence, they are lacking education.

      --
      It takes a man to suffer ignorance and smile
      Be yourself no matter what they say
    3. Re:Finally! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      But speciation has been observed. The Australian Eastern Rosella had a range extending from near Adelaide in South Australia to the Macpherson Ranges in SE Queensland. The sprcies had a continuous variation in colouring though this range from SW to NE. You could take a pair of birds of opposite gender and they would mate without needing any particular prompting.

      In the 1930's the Murrumbidgee Irragation Project destroyed a large slab of habitat in the center of the range of the bird. There were now two populations of Eastern Rosellas. In each group colouration tended to the mean of each region, with the result that now birds of opposite gender from the two regions will not interbreed without major human intervention (colouring the birds, or feeding them sex hormones etc).

      Given that the definition of species is a population of organisms that will mate and reproduce spontaneously under natural conditions, the Eastern Rosella is a text book case of Speciation, as outlined in the Origin of Species.

      The "no new species have been observed" objection is dead in the water. Note also that we're not talking about plankton or bacteria or virus here - we are talking about a parrot a bit bigger than a pidgeon.

    4. Re:Finally! by Jeremi · · Score: 5, Funny
      If it can't swim against the current (on a macroscopic level), and it isn't a plant, it's zooplankton


      Hmm... by that definition, Stephen Hawking is a zooplankton.... so I think the definition is a bit broad....

      --


      I don't care if it's 90,000 hectares. That lake was not my doing.
    5. Re:Finally! by Rocketship+Underpant · · Score: 5, Interesting

      "There are numerous speciation events on record."

      Most rational creationists accept that micro-evolution - the development of new species, sub-species, and distinct populations - occurs regularly, thanks to adaptive survival and the remarkable propensity of the genome to re-activate inactive DNA. I remember a recent example where a species of bacteria unable to digest lactose developed that ability within a few generations after being grown in a lactose-rich solution. The bacteria didn't gain this ability through random mutations, but by the activation of a previously unknown gene in the "junk DNA" part of the genome.

      There's also an excellent article in the latest American Scientist detailing the specifics of spider speciation in the Hawaiian islands. There seems to be little doubt that this sort of micro-evolution occurs constantly.

      However, many people (like myself) believe there is little or no persuasive evidence for macro-evolution, the spontaneous generation of radically new organisms marked by completely new genes, chromosomes, and physiological characteristics. There is pretty much no explanation of how such changes could occur at the molecular level. Michael Behe refers to it as a black box problem, since such macro-evolution can currently only be explained by treating very complex biological and chemical systems as black boxes. It's easy to imagine in macroscopic terms how a freckle might turn into an eyeball. It's impossible, however, to explain the process in molecular-evolutionary terms.

      In other words, macro-evolution is not really a theory, because no theoretical framework even exists yet. Note that one need not be a creationist to reject macro-evolution and abiogenesis as viable scientific theories (though there are admittedly few other options).

      Incidentally, I have read a fair amount on the subject, including the online article "29 Evidences for Macroevolution" and the relevant rebuttals. Nothing was persuasive; every "evidence" offered (1) were not necessary indicators of common ancestry, and (2) would not disprove the theory by their absences. They were simply interesting facts that could explained both by macro-evolution and by creation.

      (Please don't flame me here, I'm trying to make some honest and intelligent points about a topic that gets a lot of crazy people into an irrational frenzy. Don't be one of those people!)

      --
      He who lights his taper at mine, receives light without darkening me.
    6. Re:Finally! by RedWizzard · · Score: 4, Insightful
      However, many people (like myself) believe there is little or no persuasive evidence for macro-evolution, the spontaneous generation of radically new organisms marked by completely new genes, chromosomes, and physiological characteristics.
      At least one of those speciation events was a spontaneous doubling of the number of chromosomes.
      It's easy to imagine in macroscopic terms how a freckle might turn into an eyeball. It's impossible, however, to explain the process in molecular-evolutionary terms.
      I believe there are examples in nature of pretty much every likely step on the way to the eyeball: heat sensitive glans, camera obscura "eyes", etc. Whether the gaps between these steps are small enough, I'm not qualified to judge.
      They were simply interesting facts that could explained both by macro-evolution and by creation.
      Everything can be explained by creation, so there is no point weighing each fact in that way. Instead I think you should ask yourself this:
      Given a belief in God and creation what is more likely given the evidence: that God created everything according to the literal interpretation of the bible, but made all this evidence of evolution to [trick us|force us to have to take the bible on faith], or that God created the mechanism of evolution more or less as science describes it and that the bible [should not|does not need to] be taken literally?
      In my mind, the later seems more elegant and, following the principle of Occam's Razor, more likely. And surely a creation that essentially creates and evolves itself from the beginning is far more divine than a creation that is designed to last detail? But it's very much a question for religious, not scientific debate.
  3. Evolution? by psychgeek · · Score: 5, Funny

    How does this demonstrate evolution? Don't they know the eggs were planted there just to fool them???

  4. makes you wonder.. by qewl · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Just KNOWING that creatures an be a hatched after that long stalled period makes you wonder about what life really is.. Offtopic, but this seems to help imply that death and birth don't really have beginnings or ends. Kind of scary to me at least.

    --

    (\_/)
    (O.o) This is Bunny. (> <)
  5. woohoo by iosmart · · Score: 4, Informative

    More SEA MONKEYS!
    http://ut.water.usgs.gov/shrimp/ "The life cycle of Artemia begins from a dormant cyst that contains an embryo in a suspended state of metabolism (known as diapause). The cysts are very hardy and may remain viable for many years if kept dry."

  6. Not Dead, Dormant. by Omkar · · Score: 4, Informative

    As the article says (in the headline, at least), scientists made dormant eggs hatch by putting them under the right conditions. "They found that eggs that had been trapped beneath the sediment years ago had never hatched, but miraculously, were still alive."

    It may be a landmark - I have no idea - but it's not resurrection.

  7. Eggstinct eggcology by Bifurcati · · Score: 4, Funny
    Not that I want to egg them on, but this is an eggstremely interesting eggsample of geneggic research. It eggstends the life of these species, so they can eggsist longer, before they eggsit this life. I hope they eggsplore the eggconomical option for less eggspensive procedures, and eggsceed their eggspectations.

    Most eggcellent!

  8. Microevolution by Rob+Carr · · Score: 4, Insightful
    These eggs show microevolution to be a fact, although most creationists will accept that. Microevolution is the mutation of a species to better adapt to it's surroundings by small amounts that do not create new species.

    The startling point is that we're talking about only 100 years. Given the number of generations the Daphnia can manage in that time, I guess I shouldn't be so surprised.

    But think: if you can get that much useful change in such a short amount of time, how much more can occur over hundreds of thousands of years?

    --
    This sig seemed like a good idea at the time....
    1. Re:Microevolution by lheal · · Score: 4, Interesting
      From TFA:
      About 80 years ago, when the predators were all over the place, the Daphnia retrocurva extended the size of its helmet and spines to make itself less appetizing. Later, when the number of predators shrank, the animal reduced the size of those features, thus conserving its energy for other uses.

      The researchers had hit pay dirt. The changes in
      Daphnia retrocurva were precisely what would have been expected as part of the predator-prey interaction.

      Furthermore, DNA analysis shows that the changes were passed on genetically from one generation to the next, until they were no longer needed, thus confirming that the researchers had caught evolution in the act.

      I'm not a Creationist. But I can't help thinking critically about stuff like this. There are a few holes in the picture that make it hard for me to buy TFA's conclusions.

      For instance, the bugs grew uglier so they wouldn't get eaten. How did they do that? But let's suppose they did. The article claims their DNA actually changed. I don't get that at all.

      It seems more likely that when there were more predators only the ugly bugs survived to leave eggs. The others got eaten. But their DNA didn't change, the tasty-looking bugs just got weeded out.

      In other words the DNA of the uglier bugs looks different because their parents were ugly. The problem with calling it an evolutionary change is that a subsequent generation was pretty again. If the DNA had in fact changed, they would have stayed ugly.

      Or is it late and I'm missing something obvious?

      --
      Raise your children as if you were teaching them to raise your grandchildren, because you are.
    2. Re:Microevolution by Jeremi · · Score: 4, Interesting
      Or is it late and I'm missing something obvious?


      Imagine an n-dimensional graph, with each possible bug quality expressed as one axis on the graph. In fact, to make it easier to visualize, let's simplify the problem down to just two dimensions for now: spininess and helmet size. We'll have have spininess indicated by the position along the X axis, and helmet size indicated by the position along the Y axis.


      Any particular bug will have a given amount of spininess and a given size helmet, and thus we can assign it a point on the 2-D graph. Now, when that bug has children, its children will either be identical to it (and thus be represented by the same point on the graph), or slightly different (in which case they will be represented by nearby points). We'll assume that since the differences in the children are due to chance (i.e. random gene mutations, luck of the draw in selecting a mate, etc), that the childrens' locations on the graph will show up as a small "cloud" of points, roughly centered on the parent's point.


      Now we throw some predators into the mix. These predators will (for whatever reason) have a preference for eating bugs of a certain quality -- in this case, they prefer bugs with smaller helmets and less spines, since they are easier to swallow. So, to represent the predators eating the bugs, we will randomly erase some of the dots on the graph -- and the key point is -- we will make it so that the closer the bug's dot is to the lower left (i.e. low spininess and small helmet size) the more likely that bug is to get eaten and his dot erased.


      Now, run the simulation for a few generations, and it should become clear what happens -- at each generation, each bug spawns, causing his dot to be surrounded by his children's dots, in a small cloud centered on him. But the dots in the lower left portion of the cloud get eaten more than the dots at the upper right portion of the cloud. So, when it's time for the next generation to spawn children, the grandchildren are (on average) a bit farther up and to the right than before.


      Now speed up the simulation to a good 30fps, and here's what you will see: it looks like the little clouds of dots are moving up and to the right! Of course, none of the dots themselves ever actually move ... a bug isn't able to change his spininess or helmet size. But the clouds move, because dots are being created randomly, but destroyed with a bias based on the predators' preferences.

      ... and the one day people dredged the lake (or whatnot) and the predators were mostly killed. Suddenly having giant spines and a big helmet no longer make any difference to the bugs -- they won't get eaten either way. What makes a difference now is energy efficiency -- bugs that can survive the longest on the least food are the ones that can reproduce the most. In this new scenario, it's the bugs who spend extra calories growing giant (useless) spines and helmets that are more likely to die without reproducing, and now the point-clouds are being "pushed" back to the lower left of the graph.


      And of course in reality the graph has any number of dimensions, not just two... and I'm sure I'm oversimplifying a number of other factors as well... but that is the gist of it.

      --


      I don't care if it's 90,000 hectares. That lake was not my doing.
  9. evolution is "just" a theory because.... by Phil+Urich · · Score: 5, Insightful

    This should probably be phrased as: "Can this possibly be used to show that evolution is more than just a theory?"
    What more is there to be than "just" a theory?



    Evolution is "just" a theory because, although a theory is a statement of what we think something to be like, that includes in itself an inherent understanding that we can't know more than that, that we could always possibly be wrong . . . so evolution has trouble standing up to things like Creationism and it's masquerade/reinvention as "Intelligent Design", which offer eternal and proclaimed truths at their core. They have the gift of certainty; and unreal concreteness is often more persuasive than truthful equivocation.

    --
    I remember sigs. Oh, a simpler time!
    1. Re:evolution is "just" a theory because.... by Stregone · · Score: 4, Informative

      The Theory of Evolution is not about wether evolution exists or not, it is about the process by which it occurs. It is a fact that evolution exists and happens, in the same way that gravity exists and various theories about gravity are not theories about the existence of gravity, but how it happens. The LAW of gravity does not state anything about what causes gravity, it simply describes the effect of gravity.

  10. In related news... by xstonedogx · · Score: 5, Funny

    Slashdot poster brings back memes thought to be dead and produces jokes as they existed decades ago. He calls it "resurrection karma".

    Unfortunately, no good can come of it, as those memes are the same ones we have today.

  11. Unlocking the past by michael83r · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Just wait till researchers bring back a disease that that has been laying dormant for millions of years that wipes the entire human race out.. lol, but i do think what they are doing is cool. I'm sure alot will be learned.

  12. I'm still holding out by WormholeFiend · · Score: 4, Interesting

    for samples of microorganisms from Lake Vostok

  13. Re:Your bar seems a little low. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    I refer you to http://www.birdsaustralia.com.au/aoc/ , in the 2001 conference, paper 61 "Evolutionary Isolates and Cryptic Species in Australian Birds, Basis Nature: What to call Species" for a reasonably recent discussion of this issue.

    However I was first aware of this in 1992, I can't recall the original source, but it was fairly well known in Population Ecology Circles in Australia at the time.

    I can also refer you to www.geocities.com/pb56_au/mtbuffalo/ student/activities/speciation.PDF which illustrates the debate on this issue. Note that the species in central NSW have vanished, so in the map in this document imagine varieties that filled the concave side of the curved range shown.

    You are of cource correct that my "definition" was too lax, and I'll accept your correction on this. It doesnt dilute the point I was making however.

  14. Re:You do know that gravity doesn't exist right? by Mant · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Just because gravity isn't a force doesn't mean it doesn't exist. Things fall to earth, mass is attracted to other mass and we call that phenomenon "gravity". The curvature of space-time is an explanation of gravity and the behaviour we see.

    GR, and SR, are really good in certain circumstance, but break down in others. Certainly scientists are looking to both test relativity in the places it works (like the recent satalite frame dragging experiments) and come up with new theories where it breaks downs, ones that will explain both quantum and macro level behaviour.

    Evolution isn't like GR, it doesn't have a equations, it is a much more general observation. In fact, it's more like gravity, stuff falls, animals evolve, the interesting science is in figuring out how and why. Scientists aren't looking to replace evolution but refine it and figure out the specific details.

    The discovery of DNA had a huge impact on evolutionary theory. There is research into how much impact spontaneous mutation has vs gradual section, and is evolution slow and steady vs sudden bursts.

    While you can certainly believe in God and be a scientist, you can't be a Creationist and a (good) scientist. If you reject the outcome of the scientific method because of faith or dogma, you aren't doing good science period. Of course if your area is nothing to do with biology it isn't going to intefere with you science. I'd seriously question the statement "Many scientists are creationists" though.

  15. Re:You do know that gravity doesn't exist right? by Megasphaera+Elsdenii · · Score: 4, Interesting
    there is no real discussion between evolution vs. creationism

    We appear to be having one right now.

    Aren't biologists looking for a better theory than evolution to replace it one day

    No, not at all; there is not even the slightest hint that Evolution needs replacement; it is simply a very general and succesful a principle. All that is being done is filling out the details.

    Creationism [...] doesn't try to explain the origin of the diverse creatures

    Uh, last time I looked, it did. For instance:

    Believers of creationism [...] accept themselves as created in the image of God as children of God

    You appear to be trying to explain Man's origin right here.

    Many scientists are creationists

    Do you work in science ? I have been working in science (lifesciences) the last 15 years, must have met hundreds of scientists. Only 3 or 4 of them believed in creationism, none of them biologists, and none of them at professor level. It may be different in the U.S., though.


    Do you see how evolution doesn't even really enter the argument for creationists


    Most creationists (and you appear to one of them) are hellbent on 'disproving' evolution and 'proving' 'Intelligent Design' (newspeak for Creation) using nothing more than the bible (itself a text of debatable origin).


    Grow up.

  16. Re:You do know that gravity doesn't exist right? by moz25 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The thing that bugs me about creationism being portrayed as real science is that it has a priori conclusion motivated by a priori beliefs. Do non-religious creationists even exist? (believing in a creator does not require being religious IMO) In practically every discussion I've had with a creationist, they often fast-forward from the "evidence" to plugging their religion. That bothers me, because they seem to be glancing over a whole realm of possibilities even if their initial claims are true.

    To me, that indicates a lot of bias on their part... certainly much more than a biologist who studies living creatures much more closely than any of us does. Creationists are inherently more biased since (from their view), being right means potentially having an eternal life. For them, there is much more at stake.

    You are right in a sense about the scientific method: scientists are always looking for ways to improve or replace theories. We hold on to theories because they provide the best possible explanation and (quantifiable) prediction of phenomena. If a better theory comes along, that doesn't mean previous ones are entirely invalidated. Usually (as with the theory of relativity), you will see that they are more accurate in certain ranges (e.g. very high speeds). You can still use Newton's theories for a whole range of applications.

    How much do you actually scrutinize the holy book of your religion? Crucial events described in your book are rather vague or conflicting. Who are the authors? How did they come by the information? Can they be trusted? Who controls the exact translations and makes sure their (subtle) meaning stays intact? That's just some examples of critical questions you could ask if you weren't so eager to accept the conclusion.

    To come back to the non-religious creationist thing: even if you can make a scientific case that things were designed by a super-natural force, that still does not mean that this force is the same as classical views of deities dictate, but rather an entity or group of entities outside our reality. Whether or not this entity is directly involved in humanity or its destiny is then the next major hurdle... and maybe even a bigger one. Certainly one that a true critical thinker would be interested in.

    I'm interested in hearing your view on these points.

  17. Re:You do know that gravity doesn't exist right? by Guuge · · Score: 4, Insightful

    From my vantage point it appears that evolutionists are often hellbent on wrecking people's faith.

    Oh really? As far as I know, no one is trying to force Sunday Schools to discuss evolution. But many religious groups throughout the country are trying to force science classes to teach creationism.

    Which pink unicorns you worship is your business. When you try to force those unicorns onto others, it becomes a problem.