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Saturn Moon Continues to Delight and Baffle

vic_1066 writes to tell us that BBC News is reporting on the many interesting discoveries made by the Cassini probe. The Saturn moon, Enceladus, apparently continues to provide confusion and excitement for scientists the world over. The Cassini probe has been making waves ever since its arrival to the Saturn system.

42 of 190 comments (clear)

  1. What?!!? by _Sharp'r_ · · Score: 5, Funny

    "The Cassini probe has been making waves ever since it's arrival to the Saturn system."

    What, now there's water on Saturn, too!

    (I know, I know, it's not a rock like Mars is... gimme a little rope here for the joke, k?)

    --
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  2. Couldn't help myself by uberjoe · · Score: 5, Funny

    That's no moon! It's a space station! And many Bothans died to bring us that information.

    --

    The days of the digital watch are numbered.

  3. Mmmmm... Moon! by GreatRedShark · · Score: 5, Funny

    I knew I was delighted when I read the name of the moon... until I realized it's not "Enchiladas"... :(

    1. Re:Mmmmm... Moon! by 1zenerdiode · · Score: 2, Funny

      Yes, but were you baffled as well?

  4. What about Iapetus? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny
  5. More (Better) Information... by jsight · · Score: 4, Informative

    As usual, get the information straight from NASA

    Press Release, Pictures

  6. Maybe they'll discover oil or uranium by xtal · · Score: 5, Funny

    ..then we can have a hope of a mission there. Without upsetting the monoliths!

    --
    ..don't panic
  7. For those who care about who... by rob_squared · · Score: 5, Interesting
    ...the moon is named after:

    "In Greek mythology Enceladus was a Titan who was defeated in battle and buried under Mount Etna by Athena."

    --
    I don't get it.
  8. Great things come in small packages by lightyear4 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    These are the things that make this universe so incredible! Nature may be governed by general laws, but she will never allow a dull moment

    For such a tiny moon (its only 500km across), this one packs plenty of surprises. This oddity has: a localized hotspot at its southern pole, a largely water vapor atmostphere with some interesting trace compounds, and most intriguingly, a spot on the very short list of places possibly harboring life.

    Absolutely intriguing - congrats to the Cassini team for their achievements.

  9. Oh, just great by nacturation · · Score: 5, Funny

    So at the equator it's several hundred degrees below zero -- cold enough to freeze your balls off in 2.3 seconds. At the south polar region, it's a bit less... cold enough to freeze your balls off in 2.15 seconds. When do we send the manned mission?

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    1. Re:Oh, just great by darklordyoda · · Score: 5, Funny

      Send female astronauts.

      Problem solved.

    2. Re:Oh, just great by VoidEngineer · · Score: 2, Insightful

      i would point out that it being less cold (e.g. warmer) would result in your balls freezing off in a slightly *longer* amount of time... say, 2.45 seconds. just sayin...

  10. It'd be interesting by krymsin01 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    if the source of the heat turned out to be a natural nuclear reactor, like Oklo. I doubt that's a possibility, since I would think it'd put off a lot more heat if it were.

    --
    stuff
    1. Re:It'd be interesting by deglr6328 · · Score: 3, Informative

      This is probably EXTEMELY unlikey. The reason being that the half life of U235 (the fissionable isotope) is "only" 700 Myears (U238's is 4.5 Gyears). Therefore the original amount of U235 present in the protoplanetary solar system is ~99% gone (the solar system is 4.5 GY old). This is why the Oklo reactors are not going anymore, they existed 2 GY ago because back then the natural abundance of U235 in U ore was ~3% (and what's the concentration of U235 in nuclear reactors?....yup ~3%). I think this fact also VERY likely precludes the existance of a natural nuclear reactor at Enceladus now as well.

      --
      - "Hear that?! The percolations are imminent! Cease your ingress!"
    2. Re:It'd be interesting by MichaelSmith · · Score: 2, Interesting
      I think this fact also VERY likely precludes the existance of a natural nuclear reactor at Enceladus now as well.

      How about a recent cometary impact? It might have created a pod of water under the surface of the south pole, which is slowly leaking heat and water into the outside.

      Stephen Baxter incoporated this idea into his book Titan, and suggested there might be ice packs above a deep body of water. In the case of this small moon I would suggest that the heat pulse from the impact would spread out slowly from the impact site, but it would tend to release energy through fractures close to the point of impact.

  11. hmm by i_should_be_working · · Score: 4, Funny

    Enceladus, apparently continues to provide confusion and excitement for scientists the world over.

    Why? Is Enceladus a naked girl?
    Har har har.

  12. In other news... by jeffehobbs · · Score: 5, Funny

    ..."Sailor Moon" continues to simply baffle.

    ~jeff

  13. it's != its by GrahamCox · · Score: 2, Informative

    C'mon, it's really simple:

    it's ::= "it is" | "it has"

    for ALL OTHER USES, there is no apostrophe in 'its'

    Surely this simple rule isn't beyond the tech-heads here? For those of us that care about English this is as jarring a syntax error as anything that would barf a compiler. So do our parsers a favour and LEARN this simple rule.

    1. Re:it's != its by ari_j · · Score: 2, Insightful

      The English spell themselves with a capital E.

    2. Re:it's != its by ari_j · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Wikipedia on Dictionary History. Enjoy. I am personally a "When in Rome" person on the English language. I can speak and spell British English and American English, and I even know several of the Canadian English oddities (some words are spelled the American way, others the British way). Because I am an American, when I'm in any nation-agnostic forum such as Slashdot, I use American English. I won't correct your spelling if you say favour, but I will myself spell it favor.

      Now, as to its/it's... I can understand why uneducated monkeys may have a problem with the distinction, but people with even the slightest experience with a programming language of any sort, be it GW-BASIC, PDP-8 assembler, or Common Lisp, have no excuse for not obeying such a basic rule of English syntax. Slashdot as a whole has atrocious spelling and grammar, which is ironic given that outside of the English language most of us are downright pedantic about spelling and grammar. You wouldn't see code like wile(1) { blah(); } or while 1 blah(;) (both examples in C) and let it slide without both correcting it and punching the guy who wrote it in the face - why do you let it slide in English?

  14. Science announces: Moon is made of Mexican food by Wilson_6500 · · Score: 2, Funny

    Probably, but only after he waffled a bit first.

  15. What a coincidence! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    My moon also continues to Delight and Baffle!

    Wanna see?

  16. Most interesting part of the article... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    Its about to crash into England!

  17. Re:Source of Enceladus' heat discoverd by Slashdot by techno-vampire · · Score: 4, Informative

    Enceladus was male, as you can tell by the name. A female would have been named "Encelada," making the mexican food joke even better.

    --
    Good, inexpensive web hosting
  18. You want my guess? by Dasher42 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    An off the cuff guess? About that warm spot and tiger stripe at Encaladus's south pole?

    Meteor impact, and seismic aftereffects.

    After all, it has the "Death Star" moon for a neighbor: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/media/ca ssini-080505.html

  19. Re:Enterprise Mission by Suddenly_Dead · · Score: 2, Informative

    Emphasis on kooky. Refer to this site for a nice debunking of some of Hoagland's claims. Of course, not everything is debunked (the man seems to come up with a new conspiracy theory every week), but it's enough to kill his credibility.

  20. IMPORTANT !!!! MOD THIS UP !!!! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    has been making waves ever since it's arrival

    "its".

    To the moderators: It is absolutely VITAL that you mod this post up, so that the editor and submitter can see it. (This is why I have posted it as close to the top as I can.) Now I know that, in the past, we have had our differences, and you have seen fit to mod my posts down for some inexplicable reason. Please note that this post is ON-TOPIC, because it refers SPECIFICALLY to the article summary. However, if you still feel that you want to mod this post down, rather than up, then please first consider the following:

    If you love your country and don't wish to see Western civilization decline, you MUST mod this post up. Remember what President John F. Kennedy said when he corrected Nixon's grammar during the first televised Presidential debates in 1960: "I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of 100% correct spelling and grammar among all of its citizens. [...] We choose to correct spelling and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard." And, during his inauguration: "Ask not what spell-checking your country can do for you; ask what spell-checking you can do for your country."

    Are you a patriot? Do you love your country and eveything for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all? If you do, then MOD THIS POST UP, so that the editors and article submitter can learn from it, so that people everywhere can learn from it, so that those countless heros of the past who gave the last full measure of their devotion, shall not have died in vain. O say, does that Star Spangled Banner yet wave o'er the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave? If you mod this post up, then the answer is YES!

  21. Re:Enterprise Mission by Dmala · · Score: 3, Insightful

    It's funny, Richard Hoagland is on Coast-to-Coast AM pretty regularly. (What can I say? I'm an insomniac and it's an entertaining show.) On the radio, he sounds very smart and usually quite rational. The web site, on the other hand, is so kooky it's almost hard to believe that it's written by the same person. He seems to be extremely fond of zooming waaay in on heavily compressed JPEG images and imagining all kinds of artificial formations in the compression artifacts. I wonder sometimes if he really believes all this stuff, or if it's just a ploy to get attention and presumably bring in $$$.

    FWIW, his own biography says he was a museum curator, a NASA consultant (whatever that means), and a science advisor to CBS news. It's a more impressive resumé than your garden variety conspiracy nut, but he wasn't exactly a "big wig at NASA".

  22. Re:Warm enough for humans? by lorelorn · · Score: 2, Informative
    Yes, Enceladus is too cold, and too light to maintain an atmosphere.

    This means that the water ice either rapidly falls back to the surface, or else is the source of material for Saturn's icy F(I think) ring, which is basically a line of water ice circling Saturn.

    What makes this discovery interesting is that in order for there to be a detectable atmosphere on Enceladus, there must be some process as it cannot last by itself.

    Hopefully the Cassini mission will reveal that source in time.

  23. Cracks me up by Markus+Registrada · · Score: 3, Interesting
    I love reading these NASA and JPL press releases.

    "Scientists are baffled! We can't account for polar heating / overlapping flat-bottomed craters on Mars / volcanoes drifting around the surface of Io / particles blasting out of the sun at a quarter of lightspeed / gullies that cross over one another / the enormous explosion out of that comet!"

    Of course they're baffled. They won't let anybody competent explain it to them. These guys never studied plasma fluid dynamics in school, and they figure that now they're too old to learn it. Anyway the math was too hard even back then. If they had even one experienced plasma physicist on-staff (or took his gag off) they'd have easy explanations -- at least the beginnings of them -- for most of these things.

    As it is, every time they run across something that's unavoidably electromagnetic in character, they're absolutely astonished. Then they instantly forget all about it. Each time, they're astonished anew. Yet it never occurs to them that any new impossibility could also involve similar stuff.

    Here's a hint: is there a magnetic field somewhere nearby? That means there's electric current, too, either generating it, or at least being induced by the (conductive) moon moving through it. Where's it flowing? What sort of ions are carrying it, and are transported by it? What happens when they hit a planetary surface? What happens when a charge builds up for a long time, and then gets released? Polar heating... hey, guess where auroras happen? Look at Saturn's poles, in x-rays and infrared.

    Jeez. What do we pay these mooncalves for, if they're afraid of fluid dynamics maths? Hire somebody mentally better-equipped.

    1. Re:Cracks me up by phxbadash · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Instead they just invent things to satisfy their ever-more-convoluted theories. i.e. black holes, dark matter, dark energy.

    2. Re:Cracks me up by Markus+Registrada · · Score: 3, Insightful
      ... they're not about to start saying that X is caused by Y until they're SURE about it.

      That would be fine, except that every single one of these press releases is filled with wild speculation -- subsurface water, volcanism, recent meteor strikes, martians, what have you -- anything and everything except the only thing that has ever been observed to cause (e.g.) polar heating.

      Never mind trotting out black holes, billion-solar-mass black holes, "dark matter" (imagined to constitute 90% of the mass of the universe), "dark energy" (part of it? supposed to repel matter), the "Great Attractor", galactic lensing, "magnetic reconnection", WIMPs, MACHOs, the Big Bang, Inflation, zero-point energy, and worse, without even a trace of embarrassment. That, and cropping from Hubble pictures anything embarrassing, such as quasars actually in front of opaque nearby galaxies.

      After the last cosmic background experiment concluded, Georg Smoot at a podium announced, in the the most smug of terms, that it proved the Big Bang theory "correct, once and for all." Of course no single experiment, or even a dozen, can do any such thing, and Big Bang is looking iffier every month.

    3. Re:Cracks me up by weemattisnot · · Score: 2, Insightful
      I'm always sceptical when I read a "Scientists Baffled by WotNot-X" article.

      I think that they're not actually all that baffled about what's going on, but that saying "We're baffled, and learning SOOO much from this" is intelligent PR that helps these scientists get more public support, and indirectly funding as well.

      I mean if they said "Great - now we understand (most) everything that's going on at Saturn." then they'd be up excrement-creek without funding.

      Now don't get me wrong here. I'm all for money being spent on scientific research. I'm even for this tactic being used to do so.

    4. Re:Cracks me up by mopomi · · Score: 4, Informative
      . . .We can't account for . . . volcanoes drifting around the surface of Io. . .


      1) The volcanoes at Io's surface have nothing to do with plasma physics or MHD.
      2) No volcanoes have "drifted around" the surface of Io.
      3) There have been migrations of Ionian eruption plumes (the gas/dust "geysers" above the surface).
      4) We can quite readily explain this with simple thermophysics. Plasma or MHD has nothing to do with it.
      5) Some people have claimed that MHD has influenced the shape of plumes, but we can't reconcile that with the observations of WHERE the fields interact with Io.
      6) Some have claimed that electric currents can cause the elevated temperatures of some of Io's volcanoes, but they haven't done the simple math to know that even at 100% efficiency, there simply isn't enough energy available, and AGAIN, the field lines don't intersect the high temperature volcanoes.

      Theory is fine, but if your pet theory can't handle the observations, go back to the theory--the observations are rarely "wrong".

      . . . gullies that cross over one another. . .

      Not sure what the hell this has to do with plasma physics or MHD. Electrical currrents don't do a damned thing to effect morphology. Same with craters. Same with IMPACTS into comets and subsequent ejection of materials.

      Are you really claiming that high energy particles accelerated by the nearly non-existant magnetic field of Mars is causing flat-bottomed craters?! Wow! They must be moving really fucking fast.

      Not sure what you mean that "these guys" never studied plasma fluid dynamics. If by, "these guys", you mean planetary scientists, cosmologists, or astronomers (all VERY broad fields), "they" invented or extended just about any new branch physics (I'm talking real science, with perdictions and ways to test the predictions) you care to talk about.

      Who the hell modded that post "insightful"?
    5. Re:Cracks me up by Markus+Registrada · · Score: 2, Insightful
      ... Never mind trotting out ... billion-solar-mass black holes ... Um, these almost certainly exist.

      Based only on the assumption that nothing but gravitation can produce x-rays and high-velocity jets, or affect motion of large (electrically-conductive) masses. Even your "super-massive black holes" aren't enough to account for galactic rotation; you need to make up "dark matter" too.

      galactic lensing, ... This definitely exists.

      Sure, here and there. But it gets trotted out every time somebody points out that quasars are all clustered around nearby galaxies.

      the Big Bang has quite a bit of evidence for it.

      Meaning, really, that the mountains of evidence against it are neatly hidden behind an even bigger pile of ghostly "dark matter".

      zero-point energy This exists too.

      Sure, and any astronomical or cosmological event that demands an unlimited energy supply can tap into it at need.

      That, and cropping from Hubble pictures anything embarrassing, such as quasars actually in front of opaque nearby galaxies. Cite?

      OK:
      The Discovery of a High Redshift X-ray Emitting QSO Very Close to the Nucleus of NGC 7319
      Missing Quasars of M82

      and Big Bang is looking iffier every month. Doubtful.

      I will note here that respondent fails to defend "dark matter", never mind "inflation" or "dark energy".

    6. Re:Cracks me up by Markus+Registrada · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Headlines like "Nothing New Seen" or "Unexpected Finding Immediately Explained" just don't attract much attention.

      That would be fine, except the explanations make no sense at all, and also fail to account for the features observed. What's worse is when they doctor the pictures to make them seem more like the explanation, as in the Io volcano pictures where they painted in flaming geysers in place of white-outs in the actual images. The white-outs were from something way hotter than any volcanic eruption could be.

    7. Re:Cracks me up by Markus+Registrada · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Your first image is not from Mars. It's of a catena on Ganymede, and the chain is about 150--200 km long.

      Fine. This makes an enormous difference, doesn't it?

      ... Shoemaker-Levy 9. We watched SL9 break up and impact Jupiter, producing similar "features".

      For a sufficiently dissimilar grade of "similar". Jupiter doesn't have any craters that I know about. (Maybe you have private information.) SL9 pieces hit thousands of miles apart. What broke up something, but kept all the bits right next to one another and right in a perfect line, and furthermore arranged they would all hit at precisely the same instant? And what happened to the stuff that was in the holes?

      ... our second image is perfectly consistent with aborted graben formation ...

      They don't look anything like the grabens we know about, although they do look like other things called grabens on, e.g., the moon, which begs the question. (Expand your definition enough and any hole is a graben.) Anyway, Mars (like the moon) is supposed to be geologically inactive. How long are these things supposed to have been there?

      our third image is...consistent with the breakup of a comet or asteroid before impact

      An exceptionally well-trained, tidy, and cooperative comet, evidently. Notice the perfectly-formed ridges between craters ("graben"?), and the lack of ejecta.

      As technical as it may seem, your reply amounts to, "I can't handle big numbers where electrical phenomena are involved." There's no denying that the amount of energy you quote carved out those cavities. It certainly can be terrifying to contemplate lightning bolts that large, but no more so (if you think clearly) than the corresponding rocks zooming about.

      Deep Impact: The predicted impact size was about not more than ... [yadda yadda]

      The amount of energy released was several times the largest value predicted and, in particular, much larger than could be accounted for by the kinetics. (Kinetics is a pretty mature topic.) I note that you don't address the flash that occurred prior to (what I would interpret as) impact, or the x-radiation. The one-mile-deep burrow wasn't my idea; it came from a JPL press release, as an explanation for the delay between the initial flash (interpreted as impact) and the ejecta. As you note, it's obviously silly, which demonstrates my own original point nicely, thank you.

      The only way the amount of volatiles could square with expectations is by out-and-out revisionism. Before impact Tempel was described as a "dirty snowball" (or "snowy dirtball" by more lately fashionable models), and the ejecta was predicted to be mostly, or largely, volatiles. (The disagreement was just over whether it was mostly snow, or maybe as little as a third snow.) Instead, there were only traces, and it is now acknowledged to be a rock and not a snowball at all. Now the "cometary jets" that were supposed to be suddenly-vaporizing pockets of volatiles are entirely unexplained (again). Now everybody pretends they knew that all along.

      It cannot be a "waste of taxpayer money" to publish papers: researchers pay "page fees" to publish. Considering what does get published, any suspicion about the ultimate correctness of the ideas contained obviously has little or nothing to do with the decision to accept or reject. To reject a paper because you quail at the amperage implied is inconsistent with the bold spirit of inquiry. If this was science, you'd publish the stuff you disagree with, and other papers that show what's wrong with it, and any that show what's wrong with them. Censorship is for churchmen and cowards.

    8. Re:Cracks me up by Markus+Registrada · · Score: 2, Interesting
      If you have a an explanation - write it up. Become a famous planetary scientist.

      A famously unemployed planetary scientist, it looks like. You have get papers accepted in peer-refereed journals, and draw peer-refereed NSF grants, to stay employed as a scientist. (Of course these "peers" haven't studied plasma physics.) One might as well apply for a grant to study the cause of DNA damage in brain tissue exposed to low-magnitude modulated microwaves.

      Actually, I happen to know there are some very competent electrodynamicists on the Cassini science team (these folks, for example), and no doubt they'll be involved in vetting hypotheses.

      Or they'll be told to sit down and shut up, as they evidently have been so far. They know better than to stick their necks out. It would be easy to tie them to cranks and biblical literalists.

  24. Assuming it's mostly water... by Vo0k · · Score: 2, Funny

    Google calc fun:
    ((G * (4 / 3) * pi * ((250 km)^3) * ((1 metric ton) / (m^3))) / ((250 km)^2)) / gravity on earth = 0.00712572516

    For these less scientifically inclined, assuming Enceladus is like Holland, you go there and buy 3 grams (a tiny box) of ganja, then smuggle back to country.

    (gravity on earth / ((G * (4 / 3) * pi * ((250 km)^3) * ((1 metric ton) / (m^3))) / ((250 km)^2))) * (3g of ganja) = 0.928167691 pounds of ganja
    That's almost a pound of ganja on Earth surface.
    In other news, if you accidentially knock a pizza off the table on Enceladus, you have about 5s to catch it before it falls to the floor.

    --
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    1. Re:Assuming it's mostly water... by kahei · · Score: 2, Funny


      assuming Enceladus is like Holland,


      This assumption is questionable, given that one is a whirling ball of chemicals suspended in space and the other is a country with tulips. Sure, there may be superficial similarites, but assuming they share important physical properties may be unwarranted at this stage.

      --
      Whence? Hence. Whither? Thither.
  25. scientists are especially excited by circletimessquare · · Score: 3, Funny

    because enceladus appears to be wonderful place to send hysterical grammar nazis on a one-way trip

    --
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  26. No more big ones... by Saggi · · Score: 3, Informative

    All the moons, including this one are not newly found. It's an old moon, known for a very long time.

    These interesting moons have one thing in common, they are huge. They have gravity and a core. Without gravity, there will be no atmosphere, and the core might produce geological energies etc. Especially this combination of a core with minerals, and an outer layer of ice/water are interesting in regards to life as this is the combination you need. It's just like Europa (at Jupiter).

    Smaller moons might be discovered as time goes by, but if they have eluded detection so far, they only have a size that will deprive them of the above important features. When they are small, the become meteor like, and we might as well check out meteors.

    So don't expect any new moons like this to be discovered. Only new information and details about the ones we already know.

    In regards to "how many" the number will probably be defined by definition. How big should it be to be a moon? In a sense you might say the rings are millions of tiny moons, but most will probably not say they are within the definition. But what about the big chunks in the rings? Some of the chunks make tracks in the rings... are they considered moons?

    http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/media/ca ssini-051005.html

    So far we have already discovered all the "big" moons.

    --
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