Slashdot Mirror


Web Game Helps Predict Spread of Epidemics

An anonymous reader writes "Using data from the web game wheresgeorge.com, which traces the travels of dollar bills, scientists have unveiled statistical laws of human travel and developed a mathematical description that can be used to model the spread of infectious disease."

31 of 201 comments (clear)

  1. whereisgeorge took itself offline by mendaliv · · Score: 3, Insightful

    If you try to login or register at Where Is George you get a message that they're taking it down temporarily because of heavy user load...

    Too bad, imagine the influx of data if they got everyone who reads slashdot to participate.

    1. Re:whereisgeorge took itself offline by tomhudson · · Score: 4, Funny
      ... because they're converting to dollar coins, to help prevent the spread of epidemics.

      This way, you can legally launder your money ...

  2. Oddly enough... by Hindustu · · Score: 5, Funny

    The only dollar bill I remember possessing with the "Where's George" stamp on it came from a man working at a pizza shop with gigantic cold sores.

  3. Shades of Psychohistory by Entropy248 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    This article is really light on details, but the concept sounds strikingly like something that would be predictable through Seldon's psychohistory. Was Asimov right in his premise? Are human beings nothing more than complicated animals working through complex, predictable behavior? I wonder how much of what we do on a daily basis is a result of free will when I hear about science like this. Am I just a statistic? Governments would love equations that predict human behavior on a macroscopic scale.

    1. Re:Shades of Psychohistory by mattjb0010 · · Score: 5, Interesting

      I wonder how much of what we do on a daily basis is a result of free will when I hear about science like this.

      Overall statistical laws don't say much about free will or not. There are always going to be regular patterns in behaviour (caused by things like the fact that most people don't want to walk 10 miles to work every day).

      Governments would love equations that predict human behavior on a macroscopic scale.

      The Australian Reserve Bank uses equations to predict macroeconomic conditions and adjusts interest rates accordingly.

    2. Re:Shades of Psychohistory by houstonbofh · · Score: 5, Interesting

      "The physicists were intrigued: Like viruses, money is transported by people from place to place. " The problem is that you give a bill to only one person. Most disease is not like that.

    3. Re:Shades of Psychohistory by Meagermanx · · Score: 3, Funny

      ...thus proving that Intelligent Design is real.
      I'm glad we got that over with. Who wants to call the school board?

    4. Re:Shades of Psychohistory by DavidTC · · Score: 4, Interesting
      That is exactly why Asimov said psychohistory had to fail, and he made it do so.

      Although the fact it failed due to a genetic mutation was a bit silly.

      And note psychohistory couldn't predict everything, even outside genetic mutation. The First Foundation was to 'change history' by keeping a storehouse of knowledge, without any psychohistory at all, but the Second wasn't only to fix any minor problems that crop up, but to narrow the possiblities to one that were predictable.

      If you want an analogy...everyone else thought they were playing roulette, but the psychohistorians figured out a way to make everyone play blackjack, and only they knew it. The fact they were counting cards and knew optimal betting patterns was trivial to the fact they were defining the game.

      You can read it and get the impression Seldon predicts the exact events of the un-altered fall for thousands of years, and he likewise predicts the exact events after he changes them, but he really just predicts the long fall itself, we have no indication he can figure out stuff to any extent within it. And he rigs the new future history so he can control it.

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
    5. Re:Shades of Psychohistory by Mr.+Underbridge · · Score: 3, Informative
      Overall statistical laws don't say much about free will or not. There are always going to be regular patterns in behaviour (caused by things like the fact that most people don't want to walk 10 miles to work every day).

      Kind of like how Heisenberg's principle and statistical mechanics aren't mutually exclusive, for the physics crowd out there.

    6. Re:Shades of Psychohistory by Stan+Vassilev · · Score: 4, Insightful

      "Was Asimov right in his premise? Are human beings nothing more than complicated animals working through complex, predictable behavior? I wonder how much of what we do on a daily basis is a result of free will when I hear about science like this. Am I just a statistic?"

      You're not a statistic, but statistics work because people in the same groups as you think in a similar fashion and do similar stuff. This is why statistics can work with a representative sample versus every single unit from the group they study, and still guess pretty close.

      There's nothing scary or new about this, it's been known for ages to the people doing said statistics.
      As a matter of fact, you gotta be happy about it, because our similar and mutually redundant behaviour ensured our success.

      If everyone was truly unique and on his own mind, we'd still not have a common language, let alone civilisation and technology.

      Also, of course we're animals, what did you think we're plants or something? We're mammals, but we have larger capacity to learn new shit and more advanced communication. That's it.

      Maybe you gotta realize that animals aren't "just animals". They dream, have nightmares, are curious, eager to learn and explore, can get depressed, happy, anxious and so on.

      So a human is nothing but an animal, but I don't see where's the problem with that.

    7. Re:Shades of Psychohistory by NichG · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Hey, it works for atoms when we can't even solve the three body problem analytically. And yet somehow when there's 10^23 of the things, we can get the scaling laws, phase diagrams, equations of state, etc with pen and paper. I don't find it hard to believe at all that while one person's behavior may be very hard to predict well, the average behavior and even scale of the fluctuations in behavior of a few billion people would be very easy to predict.

      Population density seems to be a good place to start... so many things seem to be tightly coupled to population density. If you look at political affiliations in the US for example, there's a correlation between liberal/conservative and population density. Crime, etc of course scales with population density.

      In a sense its a measure of 'how much am I affected by other people'. In a low density area, encounters with other people that have a significant unintentional and undesired effect are low. In a high density area, you can't help but press up against dozens of people a day who might mug you, smoke near you, transmit a disease to you, or whatever.

      So thats one variable; there's likely to be two or three that are really important, and the rest are sort of small perturbations. Second might be economic level perhaps? Or technological? Get some output data like crime rate, distribution of causes of death, education levels, job occupancies, population density, tech level, economic level, and so on and do a principle component analysis on that. Maybe it'll reveal the significant contributors, or maybe not, but it's probably worth a shot for some grad student doing social science.

      Then you can do fun things like construct a phase diagram from your data and find out little factoids like 'if the population density rises above X, dictatorships become fundamentally unstable!' that let the more power hungry analysts set up a perpetual dynasty with rules controlling population growth or something like that.

      Isn't statistical mechanics fun?

    8. Re:Shades of Psychohistory by kfg · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The problem is that you give a bill to only one person. Most disease is not like that.

      Because you give more than one bill to more than one person. Doorknobs and money are the most common way to transmit contact diseases.

      If you wish to follow the flu virus. . .wait for it, wait for it. . .

      Follow the money.

      KFG

  4. The real reports by MonkeyBoyo · · Score: 4, Informative

    Here is the blurb in Nature, Nature's Editor's Summary
    and here is the PDF research paper The scaling laws of human travel.

  5. Woohoo! by NathanBFH · · Score: 4, Informative

    I remember coming across this site several years ago (2001? 2002?) and just for fun entered a couple bills to see how it worked. Since then, I totally forgot about it until this Slashdot reminded me! I'm very curious to find out how 'my' bills are doing these days. I do remember, however, reading somewhere that the average lifespan of a one dollar bill is less than a year or two, so the chances my bills made it past the few months I handled them may be slim.

  6. Obligatory... by mshiltonj · · Score: 5, Funny

    Zombie Infection Simulation Machine!

    Brians! Must eat brains!

  7. Notes as a form of delivery device? by caluml · · Score: 3, Interesting

    How long until people start trying to think up ways of using bank-notes to deliver deadly chemical or biological agents to the mass population? They've already discovered "radioactive banknotes in Kazakhstan".

    1. Re:Notes as a form of delivery device? by Thing+1 · · Score: 3, Informative
      Frank Herbert wrote a book, "The White Plague", that was about exactly that. A researcher was vacationing with his family in Ireland, and watched (from the hotel window) his wife and kids get killed as they walked next to a car which blew up.

      So he created a virus that killed only women, and released it to the world via paper money.

      The only downside is the book had about 3x as many words as a gripping novel would have, or I was a bored teenager; I haven't read it in a dog's age.

      --
      I feel fantastic, and I'm still alive.
  8. Urban Dead by Saeger · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Urban Dead gets no love? That webgame is truly infectious -- what with its "243,575 dead and rising" :)

    --
    Power to the Peaceful
  9. Re:Business model by OfficialWheresGeorge · · Score: 5, Informative


    The is no "business model". The site DOES NOT SELL RUBBER STAMPS. It stopped selling rubber stamps in 2000 at the request of the U.S. Secret Service.

    It's also not "these guys"... it's "this guy".

    Please stop spreading this disinformation.

  10. Get AIDs Today! by ral8158 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    It's not nearly as infective as GetAIDs... A web game you can actually get AIDs from! What will they think of next?

  11. Inversely Related? by hooded1 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Uhm.... don't diseases tend to go in the opposite direction that money does? Like aren't the poorest places in the world also the places with the most diseases.

    --
    A rabbit in the hand is worth 4 in the cage
  12. Load of nonsense by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Wow, what a bunch of crap science. They're trying to track movement of people by where dollar bills show up?! WTF? When you buy something at a store that bill might go back into circulation immediately but its just as likely to be deposited in a bank. From what I understand, banks send cash to regional counting facilities. From there it is redistributed. It's impossible to track this movement. A bill deposited in San Francisco could easily turn up in LA, Portland, or Seattle without it being transported there by an individual traveler. What if a person in Seattle then gets that bill from the bank, hops a plane to New York, but doesn't enter it's information into that website and then spends the money in New York where it isn't recorded and then through a similar process the bill ends up in Kansas City? IF someone in Kansas City knows about the site and gives a rats ass about it and actually enters the bills serial number it now looks like someone in San Franciso travelled to Kansas City. How does this help understand the movement habits of humans? Like I said, this is crap science and does absolutely nothing to further our understanding of how diseases spread.

  13. The site is WHERESGEORGE, not where-IS-george by OfficialWheresGeorge · · Score: 3, Informative

    But if you go to the wrong URL, it will be corrected automatically.

    And it was only temporarily down.. it's back up now.

  14. Re:erm? is the data even legit? Yes, it is. by OfficialWheresGeorge · · Score: 5, Informative


    I spend a significant amount of time EVERY DAY to ferret out fake data. I have several automated processes that search for and remove any data that does not fit certain criteria. I take this site, and the data integrity very seriously, so I take personal offense to your offhand, unfounded, and ignorant comments.

    -Hank

  15. /. diseases by EmbeddedJanitor · · Score: 4, Funny
    Maybe if we give diseases websites and /. them we can wipe them out.

    Now where's my Nobel Prize for mdicine?

    --
    Engineering is the art of compromise.
  16. Flu prediction market by FleaPlus · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Another novel and interesting way I came across to predict the spread of infectious disease is the University of Iowa's Flu Prediction Market. A description from their page:

    Information about influenza activity is diverse and widely distributed. Different health care professionals have different information regarding influenza activity. This information could be quite helpful in predicting future influenza activity if it could be aggregated and analyzed efficiently. However, because this information is disparate, standard research and statistical methods have not proven to be effective. Thus, the medical community does not have access to accurate influenza forecasts. The Influenza Prediction Market is an attempt to satisfy the need for accurate information regarding future influenza activity.

    The first experimental prediction market was the Iowa Electronic Market (IEM). It has developed methods to predict future events ranging from election results to movie box office receipts and has a forecasting record substantially superior to alternative mechanisms. We propose that markets for infectious diseases may be useful for predicting infectious disease activity quickly, accurately, and inexpensively by aggregating the expert opinion of health care professionals.


    They're currently working on expanding the system, but with their current market they give various health care workers $100 they can bid with, and depending on how accurate their bidding is they can get additional money.

  17. Sociology vs Psychology by cgenman · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Thank you.

    It is the difference between Sociology and Psychology, and a lot of people seem to take it personally.

    If food stores in a given country drop below a certain level, you can make a reasonable prediction of the chances of open rebellion breaking out. That's Sociology. If socioeconomic indicators drop X%, you can predict with relative accuracy an increase in suicide rates of Y%. That's Sociology. If you put a million people in a trust game, you know roughly how many of them are going to stab eachother in the back for a given payout level. That's Sociology.

    If you tried to make the same predictions about an individual person, you'd find that you had no fucking clue what that one person was going to do. That's Psychology.

    Sociologists aren't making predictions about you, they make predictions about the average behaviors of average groups of people.

    But you're not average. You're special. Everyone is special. That's fine, and not far from the truth. But people have weights pulling them towards one decision or another, and maybe you will say no and two of your friends will say yes. And you're all special. And throw a thousand people into that decision, and 60% will say no and 40% will say yes. And throw a million people in there and 64% will say no and 36% will say yes. And throw a billion people in there and 63.3% will say no and 36.7% will say yes.

    Every individual person is special and unique, but take lots and lots and lots of people and patterns emerge. No one can predict what one person is going to do anymore than anyone can predict where a molecule in a cloud of gas is going to go. But you can still make accurate predictions about which way the wind is blowing.

  18. i dunno by syle · · Score: 4, Funny

    Using games to track people is tricky though. I did a lot of research on this, and my findings showed that 80% of the population of the world are Night Elf females who just turned 18 and want to chat.

    --

    /syle

  19. euro-tracker by wardv · · Score: 3, Informative

    Europeans can track their euro-bills here: http://www.eurobilltracker.com/

  20. Let's not and say we did by OfficialWheresGeorge · · Score: 3, Interesting


    Those bills have been deleted and blocked from entry on the site, as will any others you post here.

    As I said, I take data integrity very seriously, and tricks and games like this will not be tolerated.

    -Hank

  21. Apparently, U.S. Congress is very disease-prone by elrous0 · · Score: 3, Funny
    Researchers found that a surprising number of these bill ended up in their local senators's pockets. They also found that a surprising number of large companies were a potential breeding-ground for infections, including Halliburton, Bechtel, Boeing, and Lockeed-Martin.

    -Eric

    --
    SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.