Python 2.5 Released

dominator writes "It's been nearly 20 months since the last major release of the Python programming language, and version 2.5 is probably the most significant new release of Python since 2.2. The latest release includes a variety of additions to the standard library, language extensions, and performance optimizations. This is a final release, and should be suitable for production use. Read the release announcement, the highlights, what's new, and download it."

Comments

Python Challenge

[Franio]

I know this is offtopic but does anyone know what happened to the python challenge?

There have been no new levels for a long time.

For those who haven't seen it, the python challenge is a great way to learn python.

Sqlite included!

[imag0]

From TFA:

In keeping with the theme of adding tried and true packages to the standard library, in 2.5 we've added ctypes, ElementTree, hashlib, sqlite3 and wsgiref to the standard library that ships with Python.

That made me sit up and take notice. A pretty nice programming language with built-in functionality to read and write Sqlite databases natively?

Looks like they release a Mac installer, too. Think I'll have to check it out when I get home

Cheers

Re:Languages continue to evolve into ... Lisp

[ltbarcly]

C isn't simple, and in fact lisp is pretty simple.

Lisp isn't used because it wasn't standardized until the late 80's, it uses much more memory than C (though it is almost as fast as C++) and most programmers until recently have learned to program Unix and not Lisp machines. Also, MS doesn't have a lisp implementation so that means that if you don't go to a research university you won't see anything but MS (little podunk colleges are notorious for teaching 'how to program Microsoft'. Any college with a class in Visual Basic should have it's accreditation revoked.)

Finally C gives easy hooks into the OS, which isn't the same at all with Lisp, although you can do anything you can do with C it isn't Lispy to do so.

Finally, C is good enough. If you really want to wonder about languages, ask why Perl is used for anything. Perl sucks.

In line conditionals, FINALLY

[gd2shoe]

Although not as elegant as:

cout << ( a==b ? "first option" : "second option" )

It is good to finally see inline conditions such as:

print ( "first option" if a==b else "second option" )

This just makes me happy! ;-)

Re:In line conditionals, FINALLY

[Anonymous Coward]

Unless "first option" evaluated to False. So the general-purpose version of this is the hideous:

print (a==b and ["first option"] or ["second option"])[0]

if they're constant strings, you of course don't need this, but if they're expressions that might evaluate to False, you do need to do this.

For example, if you have a function:
def foo(a, b, x, y):
      print a==b and x or y

and you don't know that x will never be False (or 0), then you have to write it as:
def foo(a, b, x, y):
      print (a==b and [x] or [y])[0]

The list [x] can never be False, so this always works. Given this subtle error, I much prefer the new syntax.

Re:Languages continue to evolve into ... Lisp

[Scarblac]

I think C is too hard for most programmers too. I may be in a bad mood, but I think most programmers do PHP and Visual Basic, badly. They wouldn't grasp Lisp's macros. Of actually good programmers, a very small percentage know Lisp; I wouldn't start a professional project in it for that reason.

I personally love Python (used it for all the code I wrote for my thesis), but these days I program Perl at work. It's not that bad, really. It makes sense, in its own way and it's got a good solid set of libraries available out there. Java isn't half bad for bigger projects either, actually.

About half a year ago, I tried to get into Lisp. It sounds like the holy grail - execution speed and error checking of a compiled language with all the speed of development of more dynamic languages. Perhaps s-expressions should be perfectly suited for HTML too (I'm still stuck in this web app world, at the moment). So I picked up Practical Common Lisp, installed SBCL, joined some mailing lists, found some libraries, got experimenting...

Two things meant I got disinterested in a month or so: it has far too many slightly-differently-named functions in the standard language, many with non-obvious names too (that's what PHP gets its harshest criticism for); and also the huge library of things you need nowadays (internet stuff, databases, OS stuff, etc) is either missing or rather undeveloped.

But it's still promising. I'll probably have another look in a few more months :-)

Re:Too many pirates riding the snake...

[Anonymous Coward]

Dive Into Python really helped me to get started. You can buy it as a book, but it's also available for free on the web. Guido's own tutorial is also a good way to get started, as python's creator wrote it himself, and is a pretty good teacher too. Both of these are no big secret, but both are well written and clear, so i'd check them out first before looking for more detailed tutorials. Python's official documentation/website are really so good that looking elsewhere is for the most part unnecessary.

Re:Woot -- conditional expressions!

[masklinn]

I suppose that would have been too easy, though.

It's not about "too easy", it was rejected after lenghy discussions on python-dev. You can read explanations, modivations, and get links to quite a lot of discussions on the PEP 308 - Conditional Expressions page.

Whatever your thought on the result is, don't think for a second that the decision of this was easy, or a side-note on a receipt.

Re:try/except/else/finally

[artlogic]

You would include logic in the else to be executed in the case that no exceptions occur, that is:

else:
    print "no exceptions occured!"

Everything else is the same as Java/C++.

WxPython

[nih]

anyone using wxpython will need to upgrade to wxpython for python 2.5

http://www.wxpython.org/download.php

as soon as i'd installed python 2.5 all my app died, took me a few mins
to realise that py2.5 breaks wxpython for py2.4, and some tk demo's ran:)

Re:try/except/else/finally

[masklinn]

The code that you run after the part you may want to protect could thrown an exception that you wouldn't want to catch in your except handlers.

The else clause gives you a way to run it without the risk of shadowing/accidentaly catching these exceptions.

Re:Easy transition from Python to Ruby?

[masklinn]

Migrating from Python to Ruby is trivial, they're 95% identical. Some idioms are different such as Ruby's use of anonymous functions (called blocks) and different ways of metaprogramming (plus the fact that Ruby uses metaprogrammatic abilities much more often than Python), but the difference between them is far smaller than some people make it to be.

Re:Easy transition from Python to Ruby?

[masklinn]

Oh yeah, the biggest hurdle when transitioning from Python to Ruby is the awfully shitty documentation by the way, and the fact that Ruby's stdlib is fairly anemic compared to Python's (third party packages and the ease of installing them via gem somewhat eases the pain though)

Learning Python... add pyrepl to the interpreter.

[zapadoo]

Tip #1: I highly recommend adding pyrepl to your Python environment. It enhances functionality of the interactive interpreter such that you can easily edit multi-line code snippets. Forward and back (control-n, control-p) through history. Control-r (then start typing) to find something back in history. Very useful. http://codespeak.net/pyrepl/

Tip #2: Avail yourself of the help() function in the interpreter. help(SomeObjectOrFunction) i.e. help(open) will return the docstrings associated; help(SomeModule) i.e. import sha; help(sha) will return the module docs.

Re:Too many pirates riding the snake...

[All_Star25]

I have been tutoring a 7th or 8th-grader in Python for several months now using the book How to Think Like a Computer Scientist: Learning with Python. It's released for free under the GFDL, and I printed up two copies of it via PrintFu, and it seems to be a pretty good text. However, it's primarily geared towards those with no prior programming experience. Regardless, I learned the language along with him as I tutored, and learned some general programming things from the book. I have no idea to what extent you are familiar with programming, but I was able to look at various things and think things like, "Oh, those are the equivalent of Perl hashes". I found that Python and Perl have a good deal in common when compared to a language like C (caveat: I am most familiar with C and Perl). But, it is indeed free, so it could serve as a simple introduction to Python before you spend money on something like the O'Reilly text.

Re:Woot -- conditional expressions!

[Gospodin]

I don't feel particularly strongly about it, but it seems to me that the Python syntax gets unwieldy more rapidly when you have nested conditionals, like so:

"first option" if a==b else ("second option" if a==c else "third option")

...versus...

a==b ? "first option" : (a==c ? "second option" : "third option")

My other concern is that it's immediately obvious that a C conditional is just that, but the Python syntax makes it a little obscure:

s = "first option" if a==b else "second option";

...versus...

s = (a==b) ? "first option" : "second option";

Isn't it a little tempting to read the Python version as s = "first option"? Might be just me, though. My knowledge of Python is somewhere between jack and s**t, so maybe it just makes sense there.

Re:Python is not anything like Lisp

[masklinn]

Now Ruby has the anonymous function thing ("blocks") which lets you do some of the same things you can do in Lisp with Macros

Duh, looks like you never used macros, blocks don't let you do anything macros let you do, they let you do what lambdas (anonymous functions) let you do in lisp.

These is no relation at all between blocks and macros, macros are tools to generate (transform) code. The only think that could be linked to macros in Ruby are class_eval and instance_eval-type methods.

Now please shut up, you don't even being to grasp what macros are or what they're used for, so don't talk about them.

Re:Use the appropriate language

[Intron]

I don't know. Back in the day, I wrote a simplified Lisp interpreter to run on a 6802 microprocessor in 64K. It seemed like the easiest way to run a realtime dispatching algorithm - kind of a rule-based expert system. You can get Lisp going with about a dozen hard-coded ops and write everything else in Lisp. I haven't seen a better way to do it since then, although I like stack-based languages for embedded systems also. Postscript is my favorite. One of the few embedded projects I've worked on that completely failed was written in C.

Re:try/except/else/finally

[artlogic]

The difference... which I keep not mentioning, doh... is in the case that "print 'no exception'" throws an exception. In that particular case, your code would proceed into the exception block, where my code would bubble up to the next error handler.

Re:Dive Into Python

[Millennium]

Dive Into Python is great, but it has the problem of being old. So old, in fact, that so far I haven't found anything from it that doesn't work perfectly in Jython. That might not seem like much, until you realize that Jython is still not quite at the Python 2.2 stage yet: more than three years behind.

Not that I dislike Jython. Quite the contrary: I use it more than I use cPython, for a variety of reasons. But its development is going slowly enough that it's making me want to brush up on my Java so I could help out.

learning

[mackyrae]

I'm using a book called Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner. It explains all the data types and stuff which does get a little annoying if you already know another programming language, but it cost $15 less than Dive Into Python. I think one of the guys in my dorm is going to borrow it because he needs those explanations (first language).

Re:Languages continue to evolve into ... Lisp

[pelletron]

A know the answers for some of your questions:

1. What is Lisp, and where to find the community web sites

Cliki is a good start:

http://www.cliki.net/index

2. How to locate, download, and install all the major Lisps on Linux, Mac, and Windows

On Debian: apt-get install sbcl

For windows try Lispbox:

http://www.gigamonkeys.com/lispbox/

3. Basic language grammar, including CLOS

The best text is "Practical Common Lisp":

http://www.gigamonkeys.com/book/

4. How to use ASDF (including complex examples)
5. How to fully interface with the operating system, including implementation-specific functions for file i/o, network i/o, command-line arguments, the environment, threads, and more
6. How to package a standalone Lisp application to deliver to customers
7. How to use UFFI

CFFI seens to be a better option:

http://common-lisp.net/project/cffi/

With a good manual:

http://common-lisp.net/project/cffi/manual/index.h tml

8. How to set up a Lisp web application server (modlisp or Araneida or ...)
9. How to use the most common libraries: CLSQL, OpenGL, SDL

Common lisp community is growing, and the OS integration, libraries and documention is improving.