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NASA Unveils Hubble's Successor

dalutong writes "BBC News has an article detailing NASA's replacement for the much-loved Hubble telescope. The $4.5 billion telescope will be placed in orbit 1.5 million km from Earth and will be almost three times the size of the Hubble. It is set to launch in 2013. They also plan to service the Hubble in 2008."

188 comments

  1. So if this one breaks ... by johnlcallaway · · Score: 5, Funny

    ... who's going to fix it????

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    1. Re:So if this one breaks ... by rossdee · · Score: 4, Informative

      Its going to be nearly a million miles away, so its out of reach for any repair mission (for the forseable future anyway.)

    2. Re:So if this one breaks ... by kimvette · · Score: 1

      You mean when they send it up with a faulty mirror?

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    3. Re:So if this one breaks ... by tukkayoot · · Score: 0

      I'll do it.

    4. Re:So if this one breaks ... by pookemon · · Score: 5, Funny

      Pffft! As if that would happen... NASA learns from it's mistakes. :)

      They're far more likely to do something new - like tell it to go to the other side of the sun, via the centre of the sun.

      --
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    5. Re:So if this one breaks ... by kimvette · · Score: 1

      Or mix metric and Imperial units, sending it crashing into the moon on the way up?

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    6. Re:So if this one breaks ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      In unrelated news, Northrop Grumman engineers announced that they have set a new world record for playing the largest board game ever, a game of Settlers of Catan on gigantic hexes they had "just laying around".

    7. Re:So if this one breaks ... by scottrocket · · Score: 1

      "The $4.5bn (£2.27bn) telescope will take up a position some 1.5 million km (930,000 miles) from Earth."
      Yeah, that's one long service call.

    8. Re:So if this one breaks ... by Nefarious+Wheel · · Score: 5, Funny
      They're far more likely to do something new - like tell it to go to the other side of the sun, via the centre of the sun.

      That's ok, they can get it to land at night.

      --
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    9. Re:So if this one breaks ... by SnowZero · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Or use only SI units, and yet crash it into Mars anyway.

    10. Re:So if this one breaks ... by quinspr70c0l · · Score: 5, Informative

      I recall that the Orion program which is currently under development will have the capability to do the job. It is slated to replace the shuttle and also have the ability to reach the moon. One of the goals was to be able to do a service mission of the JWT far far away. More info here. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/ma in/index.html/

    11. Re:So if this one breaks ... by darjen · · Score: 1

      I don't know who will fix it, but I know who will pay for it... you and me, among others.

    12. Re:So if this one breaks ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      One of the goals was to be able to do a service mission of the JWT far far away.

      Damn! This new telescope is going to be far far far away!
    13. Re:So if this one breaks ... by kilo242 · · Score: 1

      Too bad its not the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Orion_(nuclea r_propulsion) , would've had a much better ability to get there, plus it would've been there 40 years ago.

    14. Re:So if this one breaks ... by hey! · · Score: 1

      I recall that the Orion program which is currently under development will have the capability to do the job.


      That's an interesting question though. From what I can see, the Orion vehicle is basically a larger and more modern version of the old Apollo vehicles. Although larger in crew carrying capcity, its going to be very cramped living in that space. You'll need to launch a second cargo vehicle rand rendezvous with it, unless the repairs can be done with a portable toolkit and without the benefit of the Shuttle's robot arm. And if you need something the the robot arm, are you going to be able retrieve it or is it going to be sacrificed?

      Although it seems feasible to use NASA's consetellation architecture to do a repair mission I wonder is whether the cost might not be prohibitive.
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    15. Re:So if this one breaks ... by alexs001 · · Score: 1

      well yeah...if it goes around, it will end up in San Francisco, 1986

    16. Re:So if this one breaks ... by PeelBoy · · Score: 1

      Stretch Armstrong

    17. Re:So if this one breaks ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hell no. Not after all the money I spent researching what kind of marshmallows telescopes eat.

    18. Re:So if this one breaks ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      For a long range mission like that, it would probably carry only 3-4 out of the 6 astronaut maximum capacity it had. It wouldn't be particularly pleasant, but it would still offer more space per person than the Apollo missions did.

      For anything more significant than pressing ctrl-alt-del and banging on it a couple times with a hammer, though, they would probably need an additional cargo/work module launched on an Ares V. In fact, they would already need a larger launcher than an Ares 1 to get that far out. NASA has considered the idea of an alternate configuration of the Ares V (called the IV) that would launch the Orion capsule, and earth departure stage, and a medium sized cargo, as opposed to the existing plans for the Ares 1 to launch Orion and the Ares V to launch the earth departure stage and the large lunar surface access module. Whether or not they move forward with that probably won't be known until after Orion is flying in 2014.

      However, JWST is being built with the expectation that it won't be accessible for service, which means the components will be more robust, but also that they will be harder to work on if we ever do decide to try it.

    19. Re:So if this one breaks ... by Lotana · · Score: 1

      Yes we all grieve about that cancelled research.

      On the bright side, I heard that Bush had withdrawn the US from the treaty that prohibits fision reactors in space. So hopefully this program will be resurrected.

  2. Keeping Hubble by Harmonious+Botch · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Although it will see further than Hubble, JWST will see infrared, so that we still need Hubble for the visible and ultraviolet.

    An servicing the Hubble is judged to be so risky that NASA originally did not plan to do it. Now they intend to do it, but with a backup shuttle in orbit in case the first one gets into trouble.

    1. Re:Keeping Hubble by timeOday · · Score: 1

      Although it will see further than Hubble, JWST will see infrared, so that we still need Hubble for the visible and ultraviolet.
      What range of infrared? Infrared is right next to visible on the spectrum, so it's not as if it's a radio telescope.
    2. Re:Keeping Hubble by Agent+Orange · · Score: 5, Informative

      JWST will provide diffraction-limited images at 2 micron. It will have imaging and spectrographic capabilities in the near and mid-IR -- everything from 6000AA out to 27micron with the mid-IR imager and spectrograph (MIRI). StSci has a JWST primer online here (pdf link).

    3. Re:Keeping Hubble by mdsolar · · Score: 4, Informative

      The imaging will be near infrared with particular capability near 2 microns, but the 5 micron capability is alos of interest. There is also a smaller camera working from 5 to 27 microns. This is mid-infrared. The resolution of this instrument will not be so good because of the longer wavelength. The Keck Telescope can get better image quality. But what it will have is spectroscopic capability and much greater sensitivity. We've gotten quite alot of milage out of the much smaller Spitzer Space Telescope using it's 5--30 micron spectrograph. This new instrument should really open things up, allowing us to analyse stars in galaxies as they were when the universe was 12 billion years younger. All telescopes can be considered time machines, but this one is made to see some of the very first stars. You can read more about it here: http://www.stsci.edu/jwst/instruments/.
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    4. Re:Keeping Hubble by Fweeky · · Score: 4, Insightful

      "Now they intend to do it, but with a backup shuttle in orbit in case the first one gets into trouble."

      That would be retarded; the most dangerous phases of the mission are launch and reentry, with a significantly lower risk of something going wrong while in orbit; something likely to either be so terrible you can't do anything or managable enough that you have a good long while to worry about it (e.g one of the tiles gets damaged at launch and you can't reenter safely, ala Columbia).

      So no, it won't be in orbit, the backup shuttle will simply be ready to launch if needed.

    5. Re:Keeping Hubble by pecosdave · · Score: 4, Interesting

      but with a backup shuttle in orbit in case the first one gets into trouble.

      Can you please site a source for this? Right now the software cannot actually support more than one shuttle in orbit at a time, if you look there has never been more than one up at a time. If there were this type of upgrade coming I could buy that story, but considering we're going to retire the fleet soon I don't see that as likely. I haven't installed any Aries specific equipment yet, but judging by the age of most of the shuttle specific equipment on the ground they're not going to do that level of a software rewrite for the shuttle when the fleets this close to retirement. Another issue with this statement is the shear altitude of the Hubble, well above ISS orbit. If we launched one into high orbit, and kept one at low orbit the one in low orbit simply wouldn't be able to reach the one in high orbit without landing for fuel anyways. Those things launch with their trajectories pretty much set and only do slight manuvering. STS-125 is the designated flight for Hubble servicing to be done by Atlantis, there is an as yet unnumbered contingency rescue flight, I don't think they number those unless they launch these days. They may put Discovery on the pad in ready position for rescue, but I seriously doubt they'll launch it unless they have to.

      On another note:
      There are emergency two shuttle protocols. What that comes down to more or less is equipment time sharing.

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    6. Re:Keeping Hubble by pecosdave · · Score: 1

      Unfortunately you beat me to the punch on this one, I spent to much time double checking flight numbers and which OV's were going to be used. Sadly enough I use Wikipedia. I can't find shit on the NASA site half the time

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    7. Re:Keeping Hubble by mdsolar · · Score: 1

      It definitely need help. The main camera has not been working since June of last year. They did get one channel going in February http://www.stsci.edu/resources/acs.html.
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    8. Re:Keeping Hubble by master5o1 · · Score: 1

      Infra red like in my TV remote? Does that mean I can distort their images? Or will they be controlling it from a "One4All" remote control?

      --
      signature is pants
    9. Re:Keeping Hubble by NanoGradStudent · · Score: 5, Interesting

      I was quite the fervent supporter of the Hubble up until I attended a talk by Dr. Philip Stahl, from the Marshall Space Center, and optics technical lead on the new James Webb Space Telescope.

      Yes, the JWST is an infrared telescope. But, as another post further down alludes to incorrectly (for which they were smacked down and corrected by someone else) the James Webb is able to see further back into the history of the universe than we have ever been able to observe. What started out as visible light all those billions of years ago (and billions of light years away) becomes red-shifted into the infrared as the universe expands and, in a nearly literal fashion, stretches out that incoming light.

      So while the Hubble has been responsible for a lot of great science, and truly breath-taking images, we have the potential to do so much more and better understand our universe with the JWST. We haven't maxed out the potential of the Hubble (probably never would), and I would love to keep it, but if there's only enough to deploy the JWST (and it's already been pushed back by several years), or keep on servicing the Hubble, my vote would be in favour of the JWST.

      --
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    10. Re:Keeping Hubble by TopSpin · · Score: 1
      IANAA, rather a laymen at best. However JWST is hardly news; anyone that bothers to browse nasa.gov knows about it. As a result I have also wondered about the choice of wavelength for this instrument.

      The resolution of this instrument will not be so good because of the longer wavelength. I don't want to hear that. Don't misunderstand; I don't begrudge a single dime spent on it. I take it on faith that those who know best are building something incredible. Analysis of the early universe is crucial to cosmology. I get it.

      The high-resolution "pretty pictures" aspect of Hubble means a lot. Perhaps more that is appreciated in academia. If all the money and drama of NASA produced nothing but Hubble it has been worth it. NASA is billing JWST as Hubble's replacement. Is it? Really? Honestly?

      Personally, the most thrilling aspect of contemporary astronomy is extrasolar planets. The ESA is detecting Earth size objects from the ground. Will JWST be able to contribute to this? I can't help but wonder what sort of space-based planet finding/resolving capability could be had for $4.5G.

      Note all the question marks. I'm not making an argument. I just haven't got a frig'n clue what to think about JWST as a "Hubble replacement." Convince me. I want to hear that this machine will carry on producing the sort of output that inspires the public to keep NASA funded because, one way or another, Hubble is going down and this is what we're going to be left with, if we're fortunate.

      --
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    11. Re:Keeping Hubble by Barryke · · Score: 1

      An servicing the Hubble is judged to be so risky that NASA originally did not plan to do it. Now they intend to do it, but with a backup shuttle in orbit in case the first one gets into trouble. Wouldn't that just double the risk?
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    12. Re:Keeping Hubble by Professor_UNIX · · Score: 5, Interesting

      If all the money and drama of NASA produced nothing but Hubble it has been worth it. NASA is billing JWST as Hubble's replacement. Is it? Really? Honestly?
      You know, to me, NASA could do nothing but produce obscure scientific data that I would never comprehend, but I'd still support them spending my tax dollars more than the fuckers who waste my money on war. $4.5 billion for a precision scientific instrument is money well spent. $4.5 billion for waging war and murdering your fellow human beings is absolutely criminal.
    13. Re:Keeping Hubble by mdsolar · · Score: 1

      I don't want to hear that. Don't misunderstand; I don't begrudge a single dime spent on it. I take it on faith that those who know best are building something incredible. Analysis of the early universe is crucial to cosmology. I get it.

      There are two things happening here: The first is that the angular resolution of a telescope depends on the wavelegth. The longer the wavelength, the lower the resolution. JWST is about four times larger than Hubble but it is optimized for a wavelength that is 4 times longer so it replaces Hubble in resolution at 2 microns. Secondly, for ten meter telescopes on the ground, their 10 micron resolution is not as good as the best seeing, so since the resolution and seeing basically add in quadrature (sqrt(resolution^2+seeing^2)), you can get pretty close to the actual resolution of the Keck at 10 microns. So, since the Keck is larger that JWST, it can do better on resolution. It can't, by a long way, do better on sensitivity. Hubble beats ground based telescopes on resolution because the seeing on the ground is larger than the actual resolution of telescopes of the same size or even larger.

      The high-resolution "pretty pictures" aspect of Hubble means a lot. Perhaps more that is appreciated in academia. If all the money and drama of NASA produced nothing but Hubble it has been worth it. NASA is billing JWST as Hubble's replacement. Is it? Really? Honestly?

      I think that it more than replaces Hubble in the sense that it has the same resolution, but since the universe was smaller early on, less of it is spread out over the same amount of sky so that the physical scales are magnified optically. Beyond the epoch of reionization, you can't see anything in the visible because the universe is opaque, but at 2 microns, you'll have improved resolution compares to what Hubble observes when the universe was half to a quarter of its present age. Because of this magnification, it quite important to have the deepest possible and highest quality Hubble images, especially at Z band where the Hubble ACS is actually fully sampled so that we can really know that new sources observed with JWST are not present in Hubble images. The magnifiaction means that you have to work harder because photons are sread out over more pixels in the camera. Hopefully the ACS can be repaired in the next servicing mission.

      Personally, the most thrilling aspect of contemporary astronomy is extrasolar planets. The ESA is detecting Earth size objects from the ground. Will JWST be able to contribute to this? I can't help but wonder what sort of space-based planet finding/resolving capability could be had for $4.5G.

      This is getting more specialized as a field. I think the Terrestrial Planet Finder mission http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/newworlds/tpf- 20070411.html is going to make this search more systematic. JWST may be able to do followup on discovered planets though as Spitzer has done: http://www.nasawatch.com/archives/2005/03/upcoming _extras.html

      Note all the question marks. I'm not making an argument. I just haven't got a frig'n clue what to think about JWST as a "Hubble replacement." Convince me. I want to hear that this machine will carry on producing the sort of output that inspires the public to keep NASA funded because, one way or another, Hubble is going down and this is what we're going to be left with, if we're fortunate.

      Public support of Hubble has been crucial to keeping NASA focused on ways to avoid not discarding this great asset. My second favorite boss once related to me something that was said during the debate about funding the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). The question was why should we fund this when we have all these other priorites and

    14. Re:Keeping Hubble by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't understand. Since the world is only 6000 years old, why do we need a telescope capable of seeing light from billions of years ago.

    15. Re:Keeping Hubble by Abcd1234 · · Score: 1

      we have the potential to do so much more and better understand our universe with the JWST

      Wrong. We have the opportunity to do *different* things than we can with the Hubble. For example, unlike the JWST and ground-based scopes, the Hubble can see in the near-UV, which makes it possible to detect oxygen in nebulae, which is important for studying stellar evolution.

    16. Re:Keeping Hubble by ecliptik · · Score: 1

      All telescopes can be considered time machines

      I was thinking about this the other day, if we ever are able to travel to a point in space thousands of light years away from Earth it would be interesting to turn something like this back on our own planet and see into its past.

      If we have sophisticated enough technology to get that far away I'm sure they'll be a telescope powerful enough to witness actual events as they unfold on the surface.

    17. Re:Keeping Hubble by mdsolar · · Score: 1

      You'd have to take time to travel to that distance so the advantage is erased. I am interested in incredibly large telescopes, which is what you'd need to get that kind of detail. I've begun to wonder of the combined power production data from many solar power systems might be used to study the Sun in more detail, especially helioseismology, or at night to monitor bolides and other bright transients.
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    18. Re:Keeping Hubble by jafac · · Score: 1

      Well; IIRC, Hubble was delayed.

      First, by the Challenger disaster, and then, once it finally got into space, they discovered the defective lens.

      Had neither of those happened, Hubble probably would have entered service 6 years earlier than it did.

      --

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    19. Re:Keeping Hubble by NanoGradStudent · · Score: 1

      Yes, JWST will give the chance to do different things than Hubble, but it will also give us the ability to look behind the veil and stare back to when the universe was only a billion or so years old. They've termed it the "First Light Telescope" since they believe that it'll be able to see light from the point when (if the theories are correct) the universe cooled sufficiently to become opaque to light. Not to flame, but I think that certainly qualifies as better understanding our universe. If nothing, maybe we could bronze an old white dwarf and mount pictures from the JWST next to it :-)

      --
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  3. expect aberrant myopia by catmistake · · Score: 1

    Just like the way DARPA (or whomever) mucked with the mirror on Hubble so they could see what I'm typing from orbit, we can expect 'extra-curricular' uses for JWST.

    1. Re:expect aberrant myopia by toddhisattva · · Score: 1

      You are aware that pointing Hubble at Earth and opening the hatch will wreck the thing?

      Sorry to ruin your conspiracy theory with a fact.

      No I'm not sorry.

    2. Re:expect aberrant myopia by catmistake · · Score: 1

      How could I possibly be aware of that? How is it possible that YOU are aware of that? What makes you so sure? As it stands, that sounds like BS to me.

    3. Re:expect aberrant myopia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't know the exact details myself, but there are specs for the cameras aboard the Hubble, and the exposure limits are less than the brightness of the earth. NASA has noted in several sources that they have to be mindful not to open the lid with it pointed at either the sun or the earth or they'll fry the CCD's. The same was true of the New Horizon's mission to Pluto when it was launched. They waited until they got to roughly the orbit of Mars before they even tested out the main camera to minimize the risk of pointing it at something too bright.

      At your first post I thought you were joking because that suggestion is pretty absurd, but now you sound serious. The fact that Hubble produced images that were at all useful when first launched suggests that mirror shape was not so far off as to be useful for spying on the earth is one minor counterpoint. Another is the fact that the maximum theoretical resolution of a 2.4 m mirror from Hubble's altitude is 6 inches, making it rather difficult to do more than distinguish between you and your keyboard (once the NSA gets around that pesky problem of most people having roofs over their computeres). But most important is that the NSA had a seperate program of similar sized telescopes built for the express purpose of looking down at the earth (with a lot more interest in where Russian tanks and nuclear missiles are than how often you mow your lawn). With over a dozen KH-11/12 spy satellites launched since 1977, there's no need for them to hijack the Hubble.

    4. Re:expect aberrant myopia by hidave · · Score: 1

      Conspiracy theory aside, the resolution of any telescope is limited only by the diameter of the optics, the distance to the object being examined, and the wavelength of the light of interest. This assumes of course that the optics and any intervening medium (e.g., atmosphere) are non-distorting. Notwithstanding folding optics, the largest mirror that can be launched is some 4 meters in diameter limiting the resolution from the nearest earth orbit to about 5 inches (please pardon the mixed units). Thus, "reading license plates," an example often in the news, is not possible from space (much less reading handwriting). This argument doesn't even point out the hard part of slewing the optics to accommodate the "camera" moving at orbital velocity. One day (well, year) soon I expect optical telescopes to be phased such that orbiting telescopes far apart can add their information, resulting in a LARGE aperture, and thus significantly increasing the resolution of the system. We might even be able to image extra-solar worlds. Wow!

      --
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    5. Re:expect aberrant myopia by catmistake · · Score: 1

      I had suspicions. The whole aberation problem seemed a little too unlikely, considering how much care went into it. But that the Earth is too bright... I suppose that's when the sun is shining on it? Is it too bright on the dark side too?

      But, honestly, how could I be serious? I have no earthly idea how any of that tech works. Its a paranoid hypothesis, not a statement of fact that I somehow have good knowledge of...

      Thanks for not continuing to troll. You're a decent poster when you try a little explaination rather than calling everyone stupid! Yea charity!

  4. Completely Offtopic!!!!! by rts008 · · Score: 3, Funny

    How long is that lame /. poll going to stay????

    Move on to the next subject!!!!

    I have Karma to burn....mod's do not hold any fear for me!!!!

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  5. is it just me by callmetheraven · · Score: 5, Funny

    Is it just me or does the JWST look kind of like Barbie's Imperial Star Destroyer?

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    1. Re:is it just me by owlnation · · Score: 1

      Is it just me or does the JWST look kind of like Barbie's Imperial Star Destroyer?
      Poniescope? With glitter, obviously.
  6. Gaia by vincnetas · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I think Gaia probe is more interesting, and it is planned to be launched in 2011 not in 2013 as JWST

    1. Re:Gaia by mdsolar · · Score: 1

      The age of precision cosmology is a relative term. This mission will make precision astrometry so good its a little scary. But, I do like mid-infrared so I like JWST.

    2. Re:Gaia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The age of precision cosmology is a relative term.

      The rules are fixed and finite, as any cosmo girl should know.

      But, I do like mid-infrared so I like JWST.

      I'm a bit partial to #7FFF00

    3. Re:Gaia by Nuffsaid · · Score: 2, Funny

      It is expected to be launched by the ESA in the second half of 2011, and will be operated in a Lissajous orbit around the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrangian point.

      Let's hope they will agree on non-intersecating orbits for Gaia and JWST.

      Gaia team: Hey! We were here first!
      JWST team: "Here"? You are oscillating all around the place!
      Gaia team: Ours is an elegant Lissajous orbit. What is yours?
      JWST team: We'll pwn the L2 point itself!
      Gaia team: No way! Our probe will intersect it in 13 days.
      JWST team: Metric days or imperial days?
      Gaia team: What do you mean? Days are days.
      JWST team: Wait! Your probe steered!
      Gaia team: We told you: it's a Lissa...
      *CRASH!*
      --
      Nuffsaid
      ________

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  7. Re:color me not impressed by Skidge · · Score: 1

    No, not the senator; it's named after James Webb, Commodore Governor for the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador for 1760.

  8. Re:color me not impressed by Starburnt · · Score: 0
  9. We dont need hubble for visible... by imsabbel · · Score: 2, Informative

    While difficult, its much cheaper and easier to get hubble-style resolution in the optical range from ground.
    Dont forget that "hugely expensive" for a ground telescope is compareable to "dirt-cheap" for a space-based one.

    All 4 of the VLT telescopes were (IIRC) cheaper than a single hubble service mission. And OWL should be compareable to a modern space-telescope, too, for a fraction of the price (dont forget: its a tradeoff: better seeing vs "have to design a mirrror that can withstand the acceleraion and fits the launch vehicle).

    Also, i think the huge bias on that single octave of electromagnetic radiation is out of proportion.
    There arent even that many useful lines in it

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    1. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by Agent+Orange · · Score: 5, Informative

      Complete bullshit.

      Your cost estimates are accurate, but the rest of your argument is total shit. Adaptive optics, WHEN it works (which is rarely, and with difficulty), can approach the angular resolution of HST in a VERY SMALL field of view. You cannot get 0.05 arcsec, diffraction limited images over a wide field of view, that is possible with HST.

      "Designing a mirror to withstand a launch vehicle" is a problem that has been solved. And the only two current, viable telescope proposals for telescopes larger than 10m are the Thirty Metre Telescope (TMT) and the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT). OWL is not a concept that is being taken very seriously...ESO certainly hasn't put its money where its mouth is.

      Your final point, about not many lines in that part of the spectrum, belies a complete lack of understanding of what you are talking about. The UV (accessible with STIS, and the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, which will fly on SM4 in late '08) are so full of lines that they overlap all over the place. See, for example, Morton (2003), ApJS, 149, 205, for a comprehensive list. At low redshift, lines of HI, OI, OVI, CIV, NV, CII, SiII, SII, FeII, NI...all are in the UV, in the STIS band. Furthermore, space is the ONLY place these wavelengths can be observed, because of the atmosphere is opaque to wavelengths shorter than about 3300 angstroms.

    2. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by TooMuchToDo · · Score: 4, Funny

      Hot damn, you bitch slapped the parent post.

    3. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by alshithead · · Score: 1

      Wow.

      My only thought was that if it is to replace Hubble it should be able to do everything Hubble can and then some. :)

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    4. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      tiny nitpicky point - belies means "makes a lie of", rather than "implies" which is how you used it...

    5. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As they say: "bitch get outta pocket, bitch get slapped"

    6. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by imsabbel · · Score: 1

      Wow. Somebody at ./ who actually knows his stuff outside linux/OS.

      Ok, i admit i trolled a bit with the "no interesting lines" part, (although i still have the oppinion that currently, infrared it much more interesting. Who cares about another star if one extrasolar planet after the other pops up?).
      And yes, adaptive optics arent a cure-for-all. But considering the sheer amount of light gathering capacity you can put up for a few 100 millions, its still a viable alternative.

      Not to say that UV isnt useful, but the athmosphere is equally opaque to the not-so-near IR, and as there is only one Space Telescope to be launched, i prefer it to be the more useful one.

      --
      HI O WISE PRINCE. WHT TOOK U SO DAM LONG?
    7. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by beset · · Score: 4, Funny

      You actually know what you're talking about.

      You must be new here.

      --
      1) Clever Sig 2) ????? 3) Profit!
    8. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by infinite9 · · Score: 1

      Agent Orange Wins.

      Flawless Victory.

      --
      Disconnect your television. Do your own research. Draw your own conclusions. They're probably lying. Don't be a sheep.
    9. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by Carnivore · · Score: 1

      And the only two current, viable telescope proposals for telescopes larger than 10m

      Hey! That's not fair! The GTC in the Canary Islands is 10.4 m. Choke on that!

      I'm really just kidding. The GTC is pretty much a slightly larger version of Keck. It is really cool, though, and it's almost ready for first light.

      And my wife is designing an instrument for it. *rock*

      We need as many telescopes and instruments as we can keep running. No ground-based telescope can do a 10^6 second integration (see Hubble deep field and ultra deep field). The US is getting its ass kicked by the Euros because we won't spend money on science.

    10. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by Trapezium+Artist · · Score: 1

      And the only two current, viable telescope proposals for telescopes larger than 10m are the Thirty Metre Telescope (TMT) and the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT). OWL is not a concept that is being taken very seriously...ESO certainly hasn't put its money where its mouth is.

      And I call Usian-centric bullshit back in your direction. While the OWL 100m diameter concept proved too difficult, ESO and other European institutions are now working very hard (to the tune of 57 million Euros [$77M] investment in the Phase A/B at present) on the design of a ~40m diameter optical/infrared telescope, now going under the moniker of the E-ELT, or European Extremely Large Telescope. Speaking as someone on the Science Working Group for the E-ELT, it's very much game on ...

      See http://www.eso.org/projects/e-elt/ for more information.

    11. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "And I call Usian-centric bullshit back in your direction."

      That's because you're stupid and ignorant. The GMT is a joint project, and one of the partners is the Australian National University (where in the US is that? and the GMT itself will be in Chile (what US state is that in?).

      Boy don't you feel stupid, Eurotrash.

    12. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by AlecC · · Score: 1

      No. Terrestrial is catching up with Hubble in the visible, but terrestrial cannot see into the IR - full stop. SD0o there is much more untapped science in the IR than in the visible. Our preoccupation with the visible is highly speciesist. Anyway, you won't lose your pretty pictures of exploding galaxies: most of them are false colour or so highly processed as to amount to false colour.

      The cost of the JWST is about the same as two Stealth bombers or less than a a dozen Strike Fighters. While I know there is not a straight tradeoff, I regard the Value for Money as fantastically better.

      --
      Consciousness is an illusion caused by an excess of self consciousness.
    13. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by JD-1027 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Unfortunately, bitch-slapping is the preferred type correction to a post containing errors on Slashdot.

      It would be nice if a post correcting someone's misknowledge could be done with civility instead of the first line being "Complete Bullshit".

    14. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by Trapezium+Artist · · Score: 1
      I said "USian-centric", not "USian-exclusive": no need to throw a hissy fit.

      As someone who works in this field (and your qualifications are exactly, AC?), I'm quite well aware of who the partners are in all of these projects, including, for your information, Canada as participants in the TMT. I'm also pretty well aware, as much as one can be when drowning under a blizzard of PowerPoint engineering, of where the various projects are in their technical readiness.

      My post was in response to the rather dismissive "ESO hasn't put its money where its mouth is" aspect of Agent Orange's note, most of the rest of which was just fine. Seems to me that 57 Meuro of committed spend for a Phase A/B study for the E-ELT refutes his lazy statement.

      And as for me being Eurotrash? Oh, quite possibly, but having lived and worked in the US for five years and having to suffer the indignities of the TSA, the Department of Homeland Security, the INS, and having to leave my habeas corpus rights at the door on an all too regular basis, I'm entirely comfortable with the epithet. I voted with my feet long ago.

    15. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by mdsolar · · Score: 1

      Actually, working in the IR from the ground is quite possible. What is different is the sensitivity. On the ground, but the telescope and the atmosphere emit IR light, so you have to look at sources that are not too much fainter than the foreground light (we usually call it background).
      A cold telescope in space can work on much much fainter objects because it is limited not by the background, but by the arrival statistics of the source photons. If you've got 20 photons, you've got a detection. In the backgound limit you need three times as many photons as the square root of the number of background photons. The square root of a very large number is still pretty big. Hubble, while not cold, has had some near infrared capability.

    16. Re:We dont need hubble for visible... by treeves · · Score: 1
      Not flawless - I agree with the earlier post that "Complete BS" could be left out.

      In any case, not just Agent Orange but we all win, as we know something we didn't know before.

      --
      ...the future crusty old bastards are already drinking the Kool-Aid.
  10. Re:Haha by Eric+Smith · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Why are you spending money to have an internet connection, when you could give the money to people starving on this planet? Do you know what that money could buy for some poor people?

  11. Coincidence? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Flamebait

    Interesting that the old hubble finally does something really outstanding/newsworthy (discovery of dark matter) right as the new one is announced....

    Coincidence or marketing ploy?

    1. Re:Coincidence? by dparnass · · Score: 1

      Or how about the fact that We just found a possible earth like planet. Hmmm repairing and serviceing the huble telescope doesn't seem to bad of an idea after all. Amazing how certain discoveries can energize a telescope program. (Sorry couldn't think of a better phrase.)

    2. Re:Coincidence? by Carnivore · · Score: 1

      Well, the JWST hasn't really just been announced. I saw this model when I went to the SPIE conference several months ago. JWST itself has been in the planning stages for years. It was originally called NGST.

  12. Oldest pictures of the universe by cb_is_cool · · Score: 2, Informative

    As radiation travels from distant stars and passes through obstacles, gravitational lensing, dust clouds, etc., it loses energy and thus frequency eventually turning radiation from the gamma/x-ray spectrum into visible light then into infrared light. This new telescope will help us by giving us insights to some of the conditions that would be found very early on in the universe. Hubble and other similar land-based telescopes can't give us that insight because of not showing the infrared, the oldest information.

    --
    cb_is_cool knows where his towel is.
    1. Re:Oldest pictures of the universe by mdsolar · · Score: 4, Informative

      It is not exactly obstacles that cause the redshift, but rather the expansion of the universe. Dust can redden light, but this is really just subtracting blue light. Gravitational lensing is acromatic. In the gamma-rays, Compton scattering can shift photons to lower energy, but it does not preserve spectral features the way that the cosmological redshift does.

  13. Six years? by Black+Parrot · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Can they actually do this in six years?

    --
    Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    1. Re:Six years? by HAKdragon · · Score: 4, Funny

      I think it's possible, it's not like their working on Duke Nukem Forever or anything.

      --
      "Our opponent is an alien starship packed with atomic bombs. We have a protractor."
    2. Re:Six years? by Quiet_Desperation · · Score: 1

      Or that they are starting now. I know folks on the JWST. They got the contract a while ago. This is seriously old news.

    3. Re:Six years? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      FYI, this project was originally started in 1987, but didn't get serious funding for over a decade. The final basic dimensions were selected in 2001, and detailed design and development of the many new technologies it will employ has been ongoing since then. Now it's finally begun construction. It was actually supposed to launch in 2011, but 2 years ago NASA decided to delay that two years to they could defray the costs out a little more.

    4. Re: Six years? by Black+Parrot · · Score: 1

      FYI, this project was originally started in 1987, but didn't get serious funding for over a decade. The final basic dimensions were selected in 2001, and detailed design and development of the many new technologies it will employ has been ongoing since then. Now it's finally begun construction. It was actually supposed to launch in 2011, but 2 years ago NASA decided to delay that two years to they could defray the costs out a little more. Thanks. Sounds like this wasn't much of an "unveiling".
      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
  14. To quote the article...and wikipedia...and NASA... by DarkEntity · · Score: 5, Informative

    ..."JWST is named after James E Webb, Nasa Administrator during the Apollo lunar exploration era; he served from 1961 to 1968."
    To add more evidence. Look, wikipedia!
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Edwin_Webb
    To 1-up wikipedia. Look, NASA!
    http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/whois.html
    The man whose name NASA has chosen to bestow upon the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope is most commonly linked to the Apollo moon program, not to science. Yet, many believe that James E. Webb, who ran the fledgling space agency from February 1961 to October 1968, did more for science than perhaps any other government official and that it is only fitting that the Next Generation Space Telescope would be named after him.

  15. Re:color me not impressed by RedWizzard · · Score: 4, Informative

    Also wrong. Try this one.

  16. Re: Haha by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Heh, reminded me of this.

    And just for fun, this.

  17. Yes, but will it work? by Whuffo · · Score: 1
    I hope our NASA scientists can keep in mind that this one's going to be out of shuttle range - so sending astronauts to fix it isn't going to save the day if they launch another dud.

    There's enough of us around that remember the Hubble fiasco - they're going to have to do a LOT better this time.

    1. Re:Yes, but will it work? by pecosdave · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Shuttle range wont really matter. They're retiring the fleet. I'm not sure if it will be in Ares I range or not, but it will surely be in Ares V range. The one thing I worry about on the whole Ares/Orin setup. The shuttle wasn't the best of designs for a lot of things, but one thing it was - it was a good work platform. Going back to capsules is great for a lot of reasons, but I do think an Ares V work platform module would be a good idea. Maybe even Ares I launchable fuel containers. I'll run that past the brain bunch, they shot down my whole Hubble as an ISS hood ornament idea really fast.

      --
      The preceding post was not a Slashvertisement.
    2. Re:Yes, but will it work? by soft_guy · · Score: 1

      Haven't they had like several missions to fix Hubble? It seems like half the shuttle missions in the 90s were for that purpose. I don't see how they are going to make this work if they can't service it. It will just end up being a waste of money.

      --
      Avoid Missing Ball for High Score
    3. Re:Yes, but will it work? by Overzeetop · · Score: 1

      The original test of the hubble mirror - which would have caught the abberation - was scrapped for financial reasons. We could have tested it on the ground, but got talked out of it for a few tens of thousands of dollars.

      FWIW, I worked with one of the engineers who did optics design and testing, and knew most of the team working at Perkin Elmer - what I know about Hubble is mostly second hand, but from a reliable source.

      --
      Is it just my observation, or are there way too many stupid people in the world?
    4. Re:Yes, but will it work? by jkmullins · · Score: 1

      There have been four Hubble Servicing Missions: 1, 2, 3A, and 3B.

      It was planned from the beginning that there would be regular missions to replace worn out gyroscopes (they are mechanical and do wear out) and upgrade cameras and equipment. Servicing Mission 1 got a lot of press because they "fixed" the mirror (actually just installed corrective optics), but it was a planned mission and they did much more than that. It was that mission that the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 was installed, which is the camera that has returned some of the most visually stunning images of the project.

      All of these missions "fixed" certain things, but they weren't unplanned or unexpected missions. Hubble was designed from the beginning to need these missions. It was especially designed to run parallel with the shuttle project.

    5. Re:Yes, but will it work? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Even if they could have detected the abberation due to manufacturing, how could they determine what effect microgravity would have on the shape of the mirror? I don't think they could have done Hubble without the first service mission to install the corrective optic just because of the unpredictable deformation due to gravity.

      dom

    6. Re:Yes, but will it work? by Overzeetop · · Score: 1

      A little late, but...

      Determining these things are actually not thta difficult. Even with processing power back then, FEM could have provided a zero-g trasformed shape from the known assembly and geometry, and optical modeling programs (such as CODE V, though I don't know if CODE V existed at the time) could have backed out the proper results. I managed to determine why some aspheric optics were ~40 microns (iirc) off of correct in the mid 90s by analysing the deflection of the machining jig due to centripetal acceleration on the lathe. The deformed shape matched the final optical calibration error to within 4%.

      Anyway, there are lots of optical tricks that can be used as well. I'm no expert in optics, but these guys were - and I'm certian they could have figured out the error. I don't rememebr the reason for the mistake, but I seem to remember it being obvious in hindsight.

      --
      Is it just my observation, or are there way too many stupid people in the world?
  18. Let me guess.... by MLease · · Score: 2, Funny

    When they start getting images from the JWST, they'll see a dude in a flowing white robe and beard waving his arms; lip readers will ultimately be able to make out the words "Let there be light!" in Hebrew.

    -Mike

    --
    I'm sorry; I don't know what I was thinking!
    1. Re:Let me guess.... by bmgoau · · Score: 1

      Saying "Let there be Light" implies there was no light before-hand, thus how could we see this man before light existed.

    2. Re:Let me guess.... by MLease · · Score: 1

      Er.... Ah.... DAMN! -Mike

      --
      I'm sorry; I don't know what I was thinking!
    3. Re:Let me guess.... by bugnuts · · Score: 1

      ... and Mike disappears in a puff of logic.

    4. Re:Let me guess.... by Fweeky · · Score: 1

      He had to do each wavelength seperately, hence why he's not done yet.

  19. How about that Northrop Grummen by Grindalf · · Score: 0

    How is it that Grummen stuff always looks like its made with origami? :0)

    --
    The purpose of existence is to make money.
  20. That's no moon... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

    I knew it was pretty big, but it wasn't until I saw a picture of the mockup with people next to it that I realized just how big it was. Suddenly you understand why it's a segmented mirror and lot's of folding pieces.

    The captcha is spectrum...how fitting.

  21. Re:Haha by AuMatar · · Score: 4, Insightful

    If the political will to feed the starving was here, we could do so and still put up the telescope. We spend the cost of the telescope a year on farm subsidies to prevent farmers from growing more crops. But the powers that be don't really give a shit.

    --
    I still have more fans than freaks. WTF is wrong with you people?
  22. Re:Bush is stupid with only one camera in big spac by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Each agency can carry its own photo-camera in the space to capture its own top-secret non-published photos:

    USA's NASA
    Europe's ESA
    Russia's RFSA
    Japan's JAXA
    China's CNSA
    etc.

  23. Re:color me not impressed by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Jim Webb, Virginia's juinor senator?

    No, you picked the wrong guy. Is Jim Webb the creator of the Internet don't you know that all around the world the WWW server are in is honor?. World Wide Webb.

  24. The light's long gone! by Beekster · · Score: 1

    FTA: - "Clearly we need a much bigger telescope to go back much further in time to see the very birth of the universe," said Edward Weiler, director of Nasa's Goddard Space Flight Centre.

    Now at the birth of the universe, the light started leaving at the speed of light, the matter somewhat slower. Without time-travel, or faster than light travel, no telescope can witness the big bang, or even events "relatively" soon afterwards.

    If there was a big bang about 15 billion years ago, that light is now 15 billion light years in every direction from wherever the big bang happened, with all the matter (well) inside a sphere of that diameter. Good luck catching the light.

    1. Re:The light's long gone! by cnettel · · Score: 4, Interesting
      Big Bang was no explosion, it was the expansion of space. The shape of space is a question that's been open to some discussion, but you should not assume that the light got away and is sitting on the "edge" somewhere (or expanding the edge), because there is no such edge. Also, during much of the initial period of the universe's existence, it was opaque -- the energy levels of matter were high enough that just about any EM radiation was continuously absorbed and re-emitted, giving us the background radiation.

      The most important aspect here might also be the fact that space expansion is a local event. On a large enough "distance", the speed of that event, if we just tried to add together the relative expansion per unit length, would exceed c. It can certainly approach it. There is/should be matter much farther away than the 2 * 15 bly "bubble" that would be the theoretical maximum of matter simply going in all directions at the point of Big Bang.

    2. Re:The light's long gone! by pecosdave · · Score: 1

      Well, I'm guessing if you talk to the right Time Lord, he'll tell you were he placed a mirror a long ways off just before the big bang so that you can point at it with a telescope and in turn see the birth of the universe in its reflection.

      --
      The preceding post was not a Slashvertisement.
    3. Re:The light's long gone! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The "Big Bang" didn't happen "wherever", it happened EVERYWHERE. :c)

    4. Re:The light's long gone! by Karthikkito · · Score: 1

      Sort of a weird concept to understand, but -- look up the FRW metric on Wikipedia. Essentially, the expansion of the universe is really a changing metric of space time. As a previous poster noted, the big bang wasn't an explosion per se (except the pressures and temperatures were very high...) and it turns out that the big bang happened everywhere (from FRW). This means that we actually can see back to the big bang -- if we can get to wavelengths small enough. We can't see the very beginning simply because the universe was many orders of magnitude smaller than now and we don't have that sort of resolving power.

      Also, note that the particle horizon -- how far we can actually see -- is 45 billion light years! Seems kind of weird, but comes out of FRW again.

    5. Re:The light's long gone! by HaiLHaiL · · Score: 1

      The FLRW metric starts with the assumption of homogeneity and isotropy. It also assumes that the spatial component of the metric can be time dependent. The generic metric which meets these conditions is
      ...
      where k describes the curvature and is constant in time, and a(t) is the scale factor and is explicitly time dependent, and natural units are used in which the speed of light is set to unity.


      Ummmm wayyyy too early for this :)
      --


      reech bee-yond ur clip-0n
    6. Re:The light's long gone! by novus+ordo · · Score: 1

      On a large enough "distance", the speed of that event, if we just tried to add together the relative expansion per unit length, would exceed c. That's certainly news to me! In fact, if you understood the concept of Special Relativity, this is precisely the concept that it excludes i.e. there can be nothing that moves faster than c. I would go into explaining how this all works and why there is no luminiferous aether and Michelson-Moreley experiment and how it lead to the development of Special Relativity but it would be way outside of the scope of what I can describe here.

      There is/should be matter much farther away than the 2 * 15 bly "bubble" that would be the theoretical maximum of matter simply going in all directions at the point of Big Bang. I don't think you understand the Big Bang Theory. It postulates that all matter was condensed into a point singularity at the beginning of time i.e. there cannot exist any matter outside it.

      Even if matter did exist "outside" we would not be able to know of it. We have religion to tell us of things we cannot examine. Let science take care of the other.
      --
      "You're everywhere. You're omnivorous."
    7. Re:The light's long gone! by EvanED · · Score: 1

      That's certainly news to me! In fact, if you understood the concept of Special Relativity, this is precisely the concept that it excludes i.e. there can be nothing that moves faster than c. I would go into explaining how this all works and why there is no luminiferous aether and Michelson-Moreley experiment and how it lead to the development of Special Relativity but it would be way outside of the scope of what I can describe here.

      Hey wow, I can cite a few sources too.

      It's not a sure thing, but a well-respected version of the big bang theory DOES have the universe expanding faster than c in a very short time.

  25. Re:color me not impressed by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Dude, either your joke entirely flopped or you've got a unique talent for sticking your foot in your mouth.

    The Hubble Space Telescope was named for Edwin Hubble, one of the discoverers of redshift, the guy who proved other galaxies existed outside our own, and one of the very few men to have ever upstaged Albert Einstein.

    Much less prestigious, but still notable, the James Webb Space Telescope is named after James E. Webb; the second administrator of NASA, at the helm 1961 until 1968. The Gemini and much of the Apollo programs took place under his leadership.

  26. Re:Haha by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

    Yeah, fuck sustainable farming. We should over-farm the soil without ever leaving it fallow to recover. I mean, soil is soil right, it's not like overfarming would lead to a dustbowl or anything.

  27. offtopic: names: James / Webb / Hubble by ch-chuck · · Score: 1

    Its impossible for me to be reading on the World Wide Web about the James Webb space telescope to replace the Edwin Hubble 'scope without thinking about Webster Hubble from the Clinton years.

    Is it mere coincidence that the Hubble 'scope was launched a few years before the Web was created, and here this guy named "Web Hubble" pops up in the public eye?

    --
    try { do() || do_not(); } catch (JediException err) { yoda(err); }
  28. To Hubble... by flyingfsck · · Score: 1

    is to screw-up so unbelievably badly, that it will take years and hundreds of millions of dollars to fix the problem. Let's hope they test the mirrors this time round.

    --
    Excuse me, but please get off my Pennisetum Clandestinum, eh!
  29. Re:Bush is stupid with only one camera in big spac by sortius_nod · · Score: 0

    your argument is unfounded and ill informed. you might want to know something about hubble before commenting. hubble is far from "too old", it's those kind of attitudes that had it almost decomissioned a few years back. Meanwhile, it's been at the cutting edge of space observation since it was launched.

    It's still the most advanced piece of observatory equipment that exists, and will remain so until this new one is launched.

  30. sunshield? by Ignatius · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Why does this need a sunshield at all? The article says that the telescope should be parked in the 2nd Lagrangian point L2, which is 1.5 Gm from the Earth and should be permanently shaded from sunlight. Isn't the whole point of sending something to L2 that it is not exposed to the sun? Also, how is the energy supply supposed to work? Anyone out there who can shed some light on these questions?

    ignatius

    1. Re:sunshield? by imsabbel · · Score: 4, Informative

      Geometry.

        Earth only has 12000km diameter. Sun has 1.4 million km diameter.
      For earth to give shade, it would have to be closer than AU*(r_earth/r_sun), which is much closer than the lagrange point.
      Simply put: you would get a dark spot on the sun, but no complete cover.

      --
      HI O WISE PRINCE. WHT TOOK U SO DAM LONG?
    2. Re:sunshield? by Ed_1024 · · Score: 1

      Good question; that's what I thought when I saw the pic. Just off the top of my head, maybe at that range the disc of the earth doesn't cover enough angular area to fully eclipse the sun?

      On a slightly different note, does anyone else think the design looks a bit unprotected? I mean, one bit of space dust (not Space Dust) and bits of the mirror etc. are history...

    3. Re:sunshield? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      First, the Sun is larger than the Earth, there is no permanently shaded point at L2. Second, the telescope will not actually be parked at L2, it will be in a halo orbit around L2. Third, it would be rather silly to park a solar powered vehicle in the shade, doncha think?

      Thus, the need for the sunshade.

      The point of sending something to L2 is that it is still permanently close enough to Earth to make high bandwidth communications easy, while it is far enough from Earth to have an unobstructed view of nearly the entire sky. Additionally, L2 requires comparably mild propulsive resources to reach and to maintain position near.

    4. Re:sunshield? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There's very little you can do to protect against that sort of threat. You can try, but ultimately a pebble going at 10s of km/s (60km/s if it's going the "wrong way" around the Sun) is going to wreck anything, even if it's protected with lots of armor (a single gram object would have the same destructive energy on impact as an artillery shell). Luckily, space is pretty empty. Not just a little empty, but really, really, really empty. You have to go out of your way to find anything, even a pebble. In fact, low Earth orbit is packed with a much greater density of debris, so the vehicle will actually be safer, and last longer out at L2 than it would be in Earth orbit.

    5. Re:sunshield? by Nyh · · Score: 1

      Why does this need a sunshield at all? The article says that the telescope should be parked in the 2nd Lagrangian point L2, which is 1.5 Gm from the Earth and should be permanently shaded from sunlight. Isn't the whole point of sending something to L2 that it is not exposed to the sun? Also, how is the energy supply supposed to work? Anyone out there who can shed some light on these questions?

      L2 = 1.5e9 m
      Sun - L2 = 151e9 m

      r_Earth = 6.4e6 m

      Maximum size sun for complete shading by earth:
      r_max = 6.4e6 * 151e9 / 1.5e9 = 644e6 m

      r_Sun = 700e6 m

      No full shade at L2.

      Even more important. The telescope won't be at L2 exactly but use an elliptic orbit around L2 with a major axis of 1.5e9 m and a minor axis of 374e6 m. So earth will not be in front of the sun all the time. http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/orbit.html

      Nyh

    6. Re:sunshield? by Nuffsaid · · Score: 1

      "Shed some light"! Good one this one! :-)

      --
      Nuffsaid
      ________

      Don't know about his cat, but Schroedinger is definitely dead.
    7. Re:sunshield? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Simply put: you would get a dark spot on the sun, but no complete cover.

      Dark spot on the sun, eh? That must be one of these sunspots I've been hearing about.
    8. Re:sunshield? by mdsolar · · Score: 1

      Actually, you'd like to have it as some distance from Earth because the Earth is warm. At L2 you block both the Sun and Earth with the sun shield and so can make the telescope colder without extra shielding. This is not a big deal for Hubble but it is a big deal for infrared telescopes. Spitzer Space Telescope orbits the Sun on a trailing orbit to get away from the Earth's emissions.
      --
      Please help cool the Earth: http://mdsolar.blogspot.com/2007/01/slashdot-users -selling-solar.html

    9. Re:sunshield? by Ignatius · · Score: 1

      So I overestimated the size of the earth slightly. I thought that at about 4-5 times the distance earth-moon, the earth would still be big enough to shade the point.

      Thanks for your answer, and also to all others who responded.

      ignatius

  31. Why not build two? by syncrotic · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Something I've always wondered... how do the R&D costs compare to construction, testing, and launch of a satellite, or in this case, a space telescope? Wouldn't R&D be the hard part here, making the marginal cost of each additional spacecraft relatively small in comparison to the upfront cost?

    It's my understanding that there's a substantial waiting list to use Hubble, and that a lot of very good research can't get done because telescope time is so limited. Time on JWST will probably be similarly limited... if we've spent $3.5B on this thing so far, why not put an extra $250M into it and get twice the benefit?

    Any experts care to weigh in?

    1. Re:Why not build two? by Zantetsuken · · Score: 1

      While I'm not the expert you asked for, I'd say because as Congress is in every generation (Congress isn't to be confused with a presidential party) - stingy on the purse strings. They were reluctant as hell to approve funding on the mission(s) to repair the Hubble - thats *repair* not send up another, which I would assume would be cheaper. So if it was a miracle to get a repair mission authorized, why would they approve even more money to send 2 up when they would be just as fine with letting the Hubble die and not send up any kind of replacement, next-gen 'scope or using technology older than the Hubble...

    2. Re:Why not build two? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I'm not an expert but I'm guessing this happened/will happen:
      1995 - NASA scientists: We want a new space telescope, plz plx plz???
      2000 - NASA engineers: We have finished the design, it will cost $X.
      2005 - NASA management: Sweet. Let's build it!
      2010 - NASA project team: We need another $X to complete it (sorry...).
      2011 - NASA management: Alright then, let's scrap some of our other projects. Here's ur $X. NOW DONT ASK FOR MORE!!!!11
      2012 - NASA project team: We need another $X to really really complete and launch it. Come on! We can't give up now.
      2013 - NASA management: That's it. The project is on hold. Actually it's more like, scrapped. Sorry guys!
      2014 - NASA management: Our bad, it's foolish to not complete it after spending $2X already! Here's another $X. Better not ask for more tho!
      2015 - NASA management: Launch it or lose it guys.
      2015 - NASA project team: But it's not fully tested. And the new guys that we hired have used imperial units all over their code, we have to clean it up and re-run all test... :(
      2016 - NASA management: Launch it NOW. And get the hell out of OUR workshop. We need to use it for other projects. And you're over budget again! Wrap it up ASAP before the politicians have to close all of NASA!! :(
      2017 - The telescope launches and malfunctions.
      2018 - NASA starts a robotic project to repair the telescope at a cost of $X.
      2021 - The telescope becomes fully operational at a total cost of $5X.
      2022 - NASA project team: Why don't we build another one using the same blueprints?
      2022 - NASA managment: Yeaaah. Suuuure. Didn't you guys hear that we have unlimited funding? Why don't we build 10 telescopes! Or any nice round number.

    3. Re:Why not build two? by soft_guy · · Score: 0, Troll

      Why not build zero? That would save on cost.

      --
      Avoid Missing Ball for High Score
    4. Re:Why not build two? by AdamThor · · Score: 1

      . . . (continued)
      2016 - NASA management: Launch it NOW. And get the hell out of OUR workshop. We need to use it for other projects. And you're over budget again! Wrap it up ASAP before the politicians have to close all of NASA!! :(
      2017 - The telescope launches and malfunctions.
      The telescop predicts fault in the AE-35 unit, and reccomends replacement. The AE-35 is found not to be at fault.
      NASA management (in EVA pod) - Let's shut down the telescope's higher functions.

      Telescope: How are you gentlemen !!
      Telescope: All your base are belong to us.
      Telescope: You are on the way to destruction.
      NASA management: What you say !!
      Telescope: You have no chance to survive make your time.
      Telescope: Ha Ha Ha Ha ....
      NASA Engineers: Management !! *
      NASA management: Take off every 'Zig' !!
      NASA management: You know what you doing.
      NASA management: Move 'Zig'.
      NASA management: For great justice.

      Congress: We're totally not funding every Zig.

      --
      -- "Oh. This guy again."
    5. Re:Why not build two? by wximagery95 · · Score: 1

      Just a guess, but $250m will only cover the cost of building a second JWST. Launching it will cost another ~$500m in fuel, rocket assembly, and ground support infrastructure/personel.

    6. Re:Why not build two? by KZigurs · · Score: 1

      Because as soon as anyone in congress will even hear that you are doing two, in fact, your budget will be cut in half, sharp and now, and your boss will receive angry call to stop wasting taxpayers money. Unfortunately.

      But the point is valid, true.

  32. Re:Haha by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The more people we send to the Moon, the less are left on Earth to starve. Can't you do some fuckin' math?

  33. By the way,... by TransEurope · · Score: 3, Interesting

    ...the telescope will be brought up by a Ariane-V Rocket
    from French Guyana.
    http://www.uibk.ac.at/ipoint/news/images/esa_pic_a riane_5.jpg

  34. Tell me I'm being dumb by LordSnooty · · Score: 1

    The telescope will orbit at a distance of 1.5m km - is that true? That puts it outside the orbit of the Moon does it not? About four times as far in fact? Wow, so this thing isn't designed to be serviced then. (wiki says Moon's apogee is 400,000km.

    1. Re:Tell me I'm being dumb by soft_guy · · Score: 1

      I actually missed the "million" in the summary and for a minute I was thinking "the moon is only .375 km from earth? That seems really close - like I could walk there -- if I could walk straight up."

      --
      Avoid Missing Ball for High Score
    2. Re:Tell me I'm being dumb by Zaatxe · · Score: 1

      No, you are not being dumb. I noticed that a second after I read the summary too.
      The weird part is that you posted your comment more than 4 hours after the article was posted, and it's hard to believe that no slashdotter noticed that before!

      --
      So say we all
    3. Re:Tell me I'm being dumb by searchr · · Score: 1

      "so this thing isn't designed to be serviced then."

      Correct. It is being constructed as a flawless, perfect, unbreakable device that always works exactly as planned and designed.

      something NASA is well known for.

  35. I thought space telescopes were obsolete... by Joce640k · · Score: 1

    I'm sure I remember reading about how newer ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics were better than space telescopes and a fraction of the cost...

    Yet here we are spending billions on servicing Hubble and launching $5 billion objects into space.

    --
    No sig today...
    1. Re:I thought space telescopes were obsolete... by rbanffy · · Score: 5, Informative

      Ground based telescopes are good only for light that is not filtered by the atmosphere. There is a whole lot of spectrum outside it. The JWST targets the infra-red wavelengths, which would be much harder to do with an atmosphere above it

    2. Re:I thought space telescopes were obsolete... by BakaHoushi · · Score: 3, Interesting

      In addition to what the poster above me says about the atmosphere and spectrum of light, I'd like to point out...

      $5 Billion dollars DOES seem like a lot. But look at the U.S. Budget in the last decade. Look at the money we've essentially THROWN AWAY. By comparison, $5 billion for an advancement of science seems rather reasonable, or at the very least, reasonable by comparison.

    3. Re:I thought space telescopes were obsolete... by Himring · · Score: 1

      Okay, so dumb question time: why not build a ground-based telescope on the moon? I suppose it would need to be on the dark side? Seriously, I would like to have an intelligent response to this....

      --
      "All great things are simple & expressed in a single word: freedom, justice, honor, duty, mercy, hope." --Churchill
    4. Re:I thought space telescopes were obsolete... by MBGMorden · · Score: 1

      There is no "dark side" of the moon, only a side that never faces Earth. Both sides get their fair share of sunlight during the Lunar day (about 29 earth days, about half of that time of which would be spent in sunlight regardless of which side you're on). Putting the telescope on the "opposite" side though would be very bad. For it to receive radio communications some type of repeater would be necessary, otherwise you're never in LOS with Earth to send back or receive signals. It'd be far more efficient to just place it on the Earth-facing side.

      --
      "People who think they know everything are very annoying to those of us who do."-Mark Twain
    5. Re:I thought space telescopes were obsolete... by Liquidrage · · Score: 1

      The dark side of moon still gets sunlight. The moon is tidal locked with the Earth so we always see the same side of the moon but that does not mean that the part we can't see isn't still receiving sunlight.

      And of course we could put a telescope on the moon. But that's a lot more work then just putting something into orbit. Putting something in orbit removes the whole part of dealing with a landing and unloading and setting up of the telescope.

      Plus, while in orbit as mentioned you can keep something in darkness the entire time, where even on the moon you can't (well, you can potentially in a crater on the south pole or something, but it's still harder to do then just putting it in orbit).

    6. Re:I thought space telescopes were obsolete... by BDew · · Score: 1

      A number of reasons:

      The biggest drawback is dust. We just don't know how lunar dust would behave, or how it would affect the optics. Also, the cost of constructing anything on the moon is quite high, higher even than for a free-flying space mission. Another problem is that it reduces observation time - in space you can pretty much point anywhere except at the sun. On the lunar surface, you have the moon in the way of half the sky or more at any given time - and there is no "dark" side, just the far side... which gets sunlight half the day as well.

      It will be a long time before working on the moon is cheap enough that it will outweigh the benefits of free-flying space missions.

      --
      "Fifty million Americans can't be wrong," said Rep. Billy Tauzin. Gore - 50,999,897 Bush - 50,456,002
    7. Re:I thought space telescopes were obsolete... by yourlord · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Because the moon orbits the Earth and therefore can't focus on a single point in space for long periods due to the Earth obscuring the view (a fault with the Hubble as well). The JWST can gather light from a single point, uninterrupted, for months if desired. There are other reasons as well, but this one alone is enough of a deal killer.

    8. Re:I thought space telescopes were obsolete... by Himring · · Score: 1

      Nice replies. I do understand that the "dark side" of the moon gets sunlight. I suppose I was using an idiomatic expression which shouldn't require explanation. And/or I've listened to too much floyd....

      --
      "All great things are simple & expressed in a single word: freedom, justice, honor, duty, mercy, hope." --Churchill
    9. Re:I thought space telescopes were obsolete... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      FWIW, you can say "far side of the moon" next time to avoid confusion and pedants. That's what I do now.

    10. Re:I thought space telescopes were obsolete... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      Actually, the far side of the moon is getting serious consideration for construction of a very sensitive radio telescope after (if) the Constellation program gets rolling. Radio telescopes are for the most part too big to place in orbit realistically, and on earth they contend with the large amounts of background noise we generate. On the far side of the moon there would be 1500 km of rock blocking all that noise, and the 28.5 day rotational period would give a fixed antenna longer to study individual targets than for example, the Arecibo observatory on earth.

    11. Re:I thought space telescopes were obsolete... by Himring · · Score: 1

      Very interesting.

      --
      "All great things are simple & expressed in a single word: freedom, justice, honor, duty, mercy, hope." --Churchill
    12. Re:I thought space telescopes were obsolete... by hedwards · · Score: 1

      Well, yes, but the amount of money that it would cost to keep the Hubble operational would also be pretty staggering. This new telescope will probably end up being a signifant savings over a retrofit of the existing Hubble. Not to mention that the improved positioning and optics will really make a difference.

      The Hubble has been great in terms of PR, having those images that get released for public consumption has to make it a bit easier to get tax payer support.

    13. Re:I thought space telescopes were obsolete... by cplusplus · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The average cost of each war the US engages in ends up being around $600 billion (after adjusting each one for inflation). We'll just have to complete the next war in 119/120ths of the time and the cost of the new telescope is covered :)

      --
      "False hope is why we'll never run out of natural resources!" - Lewis Black
  36. What's in a name? by backwardMechanic · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The last fancy telescope was named after an astrophysicist who made a significant contribution to our understanding of the universe, using the red shift to prove that the universe is indeed expanding, now commonly known as Hubble's law. The new telescope is named after an administrator. An important job, and done very well by the sounds of it, but it's not super-science. Am I the only one who sees the difference between running an agency and advancing the body of scientific knowledge? In 100 years time (heck, even today) who's name will we know?

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Edwin_Webb

    1. Re:What's in a name? by maxume · · Score: 1

      I don't expect to know anybodies name in 100 years.

      If you are really upset about it, I would suggest either getting involved in NASA or politics so that you are in a position to put forward the sentiments that you prefer when stuff gets named; there are plenty of people who would be fine with calling it Big Space Telescope 2(or whatever number is actually appropriate).

      --
      Nerd rage is the funniest rage.
    2. Re:What's in a name? by DerekLyons · · Score: 1

      The new telescope is named after an administrator. An important job, and done very well by the sounds of it, but it's not super-science.

      Ask any space historian to name the five people most responsible for the sucess NASA in the 60's and especially of the Apollo Project - and James Webb will almost certainly be on that list. Other candidates for that list are; Rocco Petrone, Chris Kraft, Joe Shea, Werhner Vonbraun, Maxime Faget, Robert Gilruth, George Low, George Mueller, General Sam Phillips, Dr. Farouk El-Baz, John Houbolt... And probably another dozen people most folks have never heard of. (I'd be willing to bet that the general public would only recognize one of those names - and I suspect the average Slashgeek wouldn't do much better.)
       
       

      In 100 years time (heck, even today) who's name will we know?

      Does it really matter? One can make vast contributions - and still be almost unknown to the general public. (Consider Admiral Charles Lockwood.)
  37. Video of the orbit by teridon · · Score: 1
    --
    I hold it, that a little rebellion, now and then, is a good thing. -- Thomas Jefferson
  38. Mirror... by msauve · · Score: 1

    hopefully, Hughes Danbury Optical Systems will not get the contract this time around.

    --
    "National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
  39. 18 foot composite mirror by 192939495969798999 · · Score: 1

    Sweet... 18 feet of desktop wallpaper-enhancing power! It would be great if it had a self-repairing mirror with a few extra panels installed, in case of close encounter with space dust at 18,000 miles per hour.

    --
    stuff |
    1. Re:18 foot composite mirror by Lord+Lemur · · Score: 1

      If you look at the picture it appears that the telescope hangs everything pretty far out there. It looks like the mirror is exposed to space over atleast about 270 degrees of any circle you draw around the things center of gravity. With out any thing to block debris, and being possitioned at L2 is this thing going to get creamed by leonoid dust or something.

      I guess it has the advantage of being far enough out that you don't have to worry about much man-made crap hitting it.

  40. Silly Americans by gelfling · · Score: 0, Flamebait

    Space science will be long dead by then. Space is being commercialized and weaponized for near earth orbit. Telescopes? Bwahahaha. Who's going to pay for that? And relying on the ESA? LOL. They can't get Galileo off the ground. No, I think we have to disabuse ourselves of this notion. The era of space science is nearly over. It was a good run but between the Left and the Right, politically, no one wants to spend anything for it anymore.

  41. Campaign for proper SI prefixes! by Steve+Hosgood · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I'll avoid the tired old metric vs. american measurement arguments because (for once) this article referred to the telescope's distance from earth in metric from the start. But hey! Please can slashdot post articles with sensible SI prefixes in future?

    The telescope's going to be appx. 1.5Gm from earth. Much easier to keep track of distances in the solar system using Gm and Tm. (The moon is appx 0.4Gm from earth, earth is appx. 150Gm from the sun, etc etc).

    "Million Kilometres" is silly. No-one talks of "million kilobyte" hard-drives do they?

    1. Re:Campaign for proper SI prefixes! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I, for one, welcome our million kilobyte capacity hard drive overlords.

      *ducks*

  42. Hubble successor ?? by manuel.flury · · Score: 1

    I thought hubble was extremely expensive and outperformed by a set of smaller and far cheaper telescops organized let's say on a circle each 30 degree (this is the idea) this way a better image (than with hubble) can be recomposed for less money.

  43. It's great that they have found it, but.. by hhcv · · Score: 1

    does it matter?

  44. *sucks in air between his teeth* by simm1701 · · Score: 1

    I'm afraid this ones going to cost you...

    There's call out, plus out of hours, plus overtime...

    Though right now I'm afraid we just don't have the parts, we can order them in, but it'll cost extra...

    --
    $_="Slashdotter";$syn="OTT";s;..;;;sub _{print shift||$_};s!ash!Perl !;s=$syn=ack=i;tr+LLEd+BLAH+;_"Just Another ";_
  45. Not just NASA by boabie · · Score: 1

    This is not simply a NASA telescope. It is a partnership of NASA, ESA and the Canadian space agency. JWST should be an amazing instrument provided the mirrors fold out as promised...

  46. Name a scientist by AlpineR · · Score: 2, Insightful

    It looks like James Webb was administor from 1961 to 1968, some very important years in spaceflight I'd say. The last moon walk was taken a year before I was born, so I don't have any direct experience with that era of space exploration. But I'm still amazed at how fast NASA moved from launching a satellite into orbit to putting men on the fricking moon and bringing them back safely. I wouldn't be surprised if this were in large part due to good leadership without which those accomplishments would have happened much slower and less successfully.

    And if you want to name the telescope after a scientist, who are you going to choose? Many of the big names from centuries past are already taken: Galileo, Magellan, Ulysses. I don't know whether we've named any probes after Einstein or Newton, but they don't have all that much to do with JWST's mission. Are there other suitable scientists/explorers from the past? You can't really choose a living scientist -- for one thing modern science is produced much more by teams than by individual researchers. Maybe an administrator is an appropriate choice after all.

    AlpineR

    1. Re:Name a scientist by raind · · Score: 1

      Even though he was born in England; how about Stephen William Hawking ?

      --
      Get up!
  47. James Webb... nasa running out of heroes? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Spot on matey!

    People forget just how important the landing of people of the moon has turned out to be...not at all is the answer to that i'm afraid.

    Fact is, it was a typically pointless and empty gesture from the US. They reacted to the fact that the USSR had gotten the satellite into space, the first man into space etc and needed a publicity stunt to try and convince the public that they were keeping up.

    In fact things only got worse for them; while the US quietly forget about the moon and tried to get somewhere with the disasterous shuttle programme, the Russians pushed ahead with their space station Mir, which was by all accounts a huge success.

    Seems like all the money in the world can only get you so far, if you're a bunch of idiots that is.

  48. Re:Bush is stupid with only one camera in big spac by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Aw jeez. Scotty found Slashdot.

    Get ready for hundreds of posts like this a day.

  49. $425 Billion for war by mdsolar · · Score: 1

    The war costs a little more than that: http://costofwar.com/

  50. Re:Haha by Kazrath · · Score: 1

    Thanks, I was going to post pretty much the same comment.

    For the longest time I had the misconception that farmers were lazy bastards that got paid by the gov to sit on their asses. That was before I learned a few real facts about keeping soil healthy and able to actually grow food.

  51. non-intersecating? by sean.peters · · Score: 1

    Let's hope they will agree on non-intersecating orbits for Gaia and JWST.

    George W Bush, is that you?

    1. Re:non-intersecating? by Nuffsaid · · Score: 1

      No, sorry. English is not my main language. I live in a mythical place that somebody call "Rest of the World", where we speak funny. My spell checker is configured so that it checks for every word I type to be correctly funny. Maybe your President uses it, too. (I apologize for any spelling error in this message: they are meant to be funny, you know?)

      --
      Nuffsaid
      ________

      Don't know about his cat, but Schroedinger is definitely dead.
  52. Universal Remonster by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The Remonster can only be killed by stabbing him in the heart with the ancient bone saber of Zumakalis!

  53. -1: Wrong by Relic+of+the+Future · · Score: 1

    Who modded this up? You, and parent, should both re-take astrophysics 101.

    --
    Those who fail to understand communication protocols, are doomed to repeat them over port 80.
  54. This isn't news by evaprototype00 · · Score: 1

    I've known about this since last year, Brush Engineered Materials Inc. built the 18 hexagon mirrors on it plus whatever other beryllium that is in it

  55. It's not designed for maintenance by XNormal · · Score: 1

    One of the things that made hubble so expensive was that it was designed to be serviced by astronauts in space suits. Designing it for access as well ha using only modules and components that can be changed while wearing bulky gloves drove up the price.

    In the case of hubble it paid off because it was fixable when they found out that they polished the main mirror to the wrong shape. In general, though, a telescope not designed for maintenance can be more cost effective.

    --
    Stop worrying about the risks of nuclear power and start worrying about the risks of not using nuclear power.
    1. Re:It's not designed for maintenance by Forge · · Score: 1

      $4.5 Billion single unit disposable device (Lake a hard drive, or an Ipod).

      It make perfect sence, except for that overall pricetag.

      --
      --= Isn't it surprising how badly I spell ?