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Old School Linux Remembered, Parts 0.02 & 0.03

eldavojohn writes "Following our last history lesson of Linux 0.01, the Kernel Trap is talking about the following announcements that would lead to one of the greatest operating systems today. A great Linus quote on release 0.02 (just 19 days after 0.01): 'I can (well, almost) hear you asking yourselves "why?". Hurd will be out in a year (or two, or next month, who knows), and I've already got minix. This is a program for hackers by a hacker. I've enjoyed [sic] doing it, and somebody might enjoy looking at it and even modifying it for their own needs. It is still small enough to understand, use and modify, and I'm looking forward to any comments you might have.'"

163 comments

  1. Never use a 1.0 Release by Crypto+Gnome · · Score: 4, Funny

    Of course, in this case it applies even more so.

    Never use a 0.01 Release, especially not in a production environment.

    --
    Visit CryptoGnome in his home.
  2. 15 years later... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    and the Hurd is still just around the corner. :(

    1. Re:15 years later... by Billly+Gates · · Score: 0, Redundant

      lol

      I would mod you up if I had points

    2. Re:15 years later... by QuantumG · · Score: 4, Insightful

      More ironic: the Linux kernel is slowly becoming a hybrid monolithic/micro-kernel.

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    3. Re:15 years later... by Penguinisto · · Score: 5, Funny

      and the Hurd is still just around the corner. :(

      Yes, but will they port Duke Nukem' Forever to it?

      /P

      --
      Quo usque tandem abutere, Nimbus, patientia nostra?
    4. Re:15 years later... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 4, Funny

      I made this post three years ago as a gag. The scary part is that it's still as relevant today as it was then...

    5. Re:15 years later... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

      (this is the GPP)

      Great comment. Yeah, the Hurd and DNF basically had the same problem: they were great big-picture ideas, but actually implementing them turned into giant software development nightmares. In the Hurd's case, the main problem was that the GNU folks decided to base it on Mach. Then when Mach turned out to have major architectural problems, they moved on to L4. Progress on porting to L4 went slowly. But then, even that tack fell through as well, and so they became basically stuck as they are now. They're looking into several different microkernel bases - I think the one they're looking at now is called ?Coyote? Anyway, both DNF and the Hurd are sad tales of where concept doth not meet reality, and never the twain shall meet.

      We're drifting _way_ off-topic. Let's remember Linux now, the major kernel that started out as a hack. It still is, somewhat, (in terms of the way it's sort of in between Windows and the concept of the Hurd) but it's now one of the biggest server OSes on the planet.

      I shut up now.

    6. Re:15 years later... by Verte · · Score: 1

      ?Coyote? -> Coyotos [Jonathan Shapiro's capability-based kernel]. There was talk about a move to either Coyotos or L4sec, something about L4 not doing protected IPC? Coyotos is a long way from being finished itself, and even then it is nothing like Mach so all the servers will probably need to be ported :P.

      Coyotos is pretty revolutionary- but it's moving very, very slowly. We need more developers, cap'n!

      --
      We at slashdot are scientists, specialists and kernel hackers. Your FUD will be found out.
    7. Re:15 years later... by jsse · · Score: 4, Funny

      More ironic: the Linux kernel is slowly becoming a hybrid monolithic/micro-kernel. Linux lost its status of being a micro-kernel since kernel 0.1, a mini-kernel; and since kernel 1.0.0, it has become a macro-kernel. Sad thing to see they work toward the wrong way of technology advancement.

      I'm in the progress of releasing a nano-kernel, kernel 0.000001, which could make me the coolest geek alive on earth.

      Excuse me while these two nice gentlemen tie me up on my bed with the nice long sleeves I wear.
    8. Re:15 years later... by Trogre · · Score: 1

      Gee, funny how your sig hasn't changed in 3 years either :)

      (I know, I know, slashcode is broken)

      --
      "Nine times out of ten, starting a fire is not the best way to solve the problem." - my wife
    9. Re:15 years later... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      It's a feature, not a bug!

      (No really, it is. Just like hard drive fragmentation was originally a feature. Funny how such features have ways of biting us in the posterior, eh?)

    10. Re:15 years later... by thephotoman · · Score: 1

      I almost missed the joke because I skipped everything after I recognized the first sentence. I've actually been watching the show from start to finish, as I got it on DVD from a friend that was shipping out for Iraq. After about 3 hours, my laptop's processor overheats and can't take it anymore, but that's neither here nor there.

      The one thing I can't help but notice is how primitive some of the CGI is. Granted, they went with prosthetics for all but the most extreme things, which certainly helped, and they kept things fairly basic on the space battles so that they wouldn't age too badly, but the technology does show. That said, the show remains watchable after all this time, which is a small miracle in and of itself.

      --
      Haec merda tauri est. Ceterum censeo Carthaginem esse delendam.
    11. Re:15 years later... by Opportunist · · Score: 2, Funny

      I'm in the progress of releasing a nano-kernel, kernel 0.000001, which could make me the coolest geek alive on earth.

      Fine, but will it run Linux?

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    12. Re:15 years later... by dreamchaser · · Score: 1

      and the Hurd is still just around the corner. :(

      Didn't you hear? They are timing the release of the Hurd to coincide with that of Duke Nukem Forever. They'll both be 'ready' sometime in early 2024.

    13. Re:15 years later... by Gazzonyx · · Score: 4, Funny

      and the Hurd is still just around the corner. :(

      Yes, but will they port Duke Nukem' Forever to it?

      /P

      Well, no... but it will kind of work under Wine-0.99.937.2777 on 3 or 4 AGP cards if you don't mind getting under the hood and, well... find a Slackware or Gentoo user.

      *Ducks*

      --

      If I mod you up, it doesn't necessarily mean I agree with what you've said, sorry.

    14. Re:15 years later... by JonathanR · · Score: 1

      It's an alternative to Linux... ...And, on the basis of his username, I suspect it might be called jssex.

    15. Re:15 years later... by byolinux · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It runs X. I was using GNU yesterday, browsing the web, wrote some email, sent some email, IRC, SSH...

      What more do you need?

    16. Re:15 years later... by bcmm · · Score: 1

      In what way is Linux like a microkernel? A true microkernel puts a lot more than just device drivers in userspace.

      --
      # cat /dev/mem | strings | grep -i llama
      Damn, my RAM is full of llamas.
    17. Re:15 years later... by Kjella · · Score: 1

      More ironic: the Linux kernel is slowly becoming a hybrid monolithic/micro-kernel.

      Reminads me a lot of the CISC/RISC war... CISC won ny adopting the good parts from RISC. Linux has userspace parts where it's useful, kernel parts where it's necessary. It's not simple, not elegant, not ideologically "correct". It's ugly and it works, just like most other real software.

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
    18. Re:15 years later... by TeknoHog · · Score: 1

      I'm running Linux on this new fangled thing called microcomputer, so obviously it must be a microkernel.

      --
      Escher was the first MC and Giger invented the HR department.
    19. Re:15 years later... by Braino420 · · Score: 1

      It runs X. I was using GNU yesterday, browsing the web, wrote some email, sent some email, IRC, SSH...
      Oh really? What do you call that? GNU/GNU?
      --
      They call me the wookie man, I guess that's what I am
    20. Re:15 years later... by mackyrae · · Score: 1

      One of my friends was running a Debian Hurd (instead of Debian Linux) system for a while, so the Hurd is obviously usable these days.

      --
      look! it's a bird, it's a plane, it's....a girl? yes, a girl browsing Slashdot on Linux
    21. Re:15 years later... by byolinux · · Score: 1

      No, GNU. Like I said.

      GNU/Linux being GNU with a different kernel. GNU is GNU with the GNU kernel, Hurd.

    22. Re:15 years later... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hmm, actually, I prefer GNU/GNU. Not only does it sound way cooler, but it acknowledges the GNU foundation's contribution, not only to the user-space utilities, but also the kernel.

      -RMS

    23. Re:15 years later... by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      No, kernel 0.000001 would still be a microkernel. You'd have to go below that to get a nanokernel. Of course, kernel 0.001 already was a millikernel (so it didn't keep microkernel until 0.1, but lost that status much earlier; 0.1 was when it ceased to be a centikernel), and since 1.0 we have a full kernel. I guess it will be a long time until we get a kilokernel (i.e. kernel 1000.0).

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    24. Re:15 years later... by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      and the Hurd is still just around the corner. :(

      Didn't you hear? They are timing the release of the Hurd to coincide with that of Duke Nukem Forever. They'll both be 'ready' sometime in early 2024. Well, that was the plan. But DNF is written in Perl 6, which won't be ready until 2048.
      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
  3. Great name by Joebert · · Score: 3, Funny

    Linus "finger me for more info" Torvalds


    Too bad his middle name isn't Connie.
    --
    Wanna fight ? Bend over, stick your head up your ass, and fight for air.
    1. Re:Great name by Poromenos1 · · Score: 1

      Plz explicate.

      --
      Send email from the afterlife! Write your e-will at Dead Man's Switch.
    2. Re:Great name by Joebert · · Score: 1

      Now we're even, you don't get it & I don't understand the question. :)

      --
      Wanna fight ? Bend over, stick your head up your ass, and fight for air.
    3. Re:Great name by sasdrtx · · Score: 1

      Merriam-Webster says:

      Main Entry: explicate
      Pronunciation: 'ek-spl&-"kAt
      Function: transitive verb
      1 : to give a detailed explanation of
      2 : to develop the implications of : analyze logically

      Something tells me there's been too much build-up for the joke to be funny now.

      --
      Most people don't even think inside the box.
    4. Re:Great name by Poromenos1 · · Score: 1

      So what was it?

      --
      Send email from the afterlife! Write your e-will at Dead Man's Switch.
    5. Re:Great name by Poromenos1 · · Score: 1

      Then how do you know that I don't get it and that it was a question? :P

      --
      Send email from the afterlife! Write your e-will at Dead Man's Switch.
    6. Re:Great name by Joebert · · Score: 1

      I play chess with gods' sons' uncles' sisters' cousins' nephiews' niece, she's a pretty good link to the grapevine.

      --
      Wanna fight ? Bend over, stick your head up your ass, and fight for air.
  4. The earliest Linux Kernel I used was 0.99 by Grrreat · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    I think it was in 1993 and it would have been on 34 3.5" floppies. I was called SLS.

    1. Re:The earliest Linux Kernel I used was 0.99 by edsyc · · Score: 2, Funny

      I used to have many things stored across 34 floppies. I could never complete the install, though, because disk 33 was always corrupt.

    2. Re:The earliest Linux Kernel I used was 0.99 by EarthlingN · · Score: 1

      I got my first install from a shareware/freeware CD. I remember downloading patches and re-compiling to add ELF support. Good times.

    3. Re:The earliest Linux Kernel I used was 0.99 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Bit later, they would put the thing on a CD-ROM, with that "Bob" of the church of subgenious thing - don't know about this adolescent cult.

  5. Preservation by Enderandrew · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I'm glad simply for the sake of history and preservation they're making these articles. I read the LKML frequently even if I don't fully understand the mechanics for the how and why the kernel operate, but I like to pretend that I do. I find this stuff rather fascinating. It is also interesting to wonder how Linux became what it is today considering its roots.

    Linux today is a child of countless contributers, but it is still tied in name and perception very much to one man. I wonder if people think this is a good thing. I've often maintained that Linus is terse, but I've enjoyed that about him. If he rips into someone, I chuckle. But after this latest fiasco with Con and the schedulers, I'm wondering if this is a bad thing.

    --
    http://blindscribblings.com - Tasty pop-culture in conceptual fashion.
  6. Still in development by jesterzog · · Score: 4, Interesting

    At least, it looks as if the Change Log is still being updated. (Click the link titled "ChangeLog in the main directory".)

    1. Re:Still in development by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If you would've actually read the ChangeLog, you had seen that nothing but changed since 1998 but the install scripts, Makeconf, Makefile, configure, and so on. All the way until 1998. See for yourself.

  7. Wrong Logo by EmbeddedJanitor · · Score: 4, Funny

    This article should not have the Linux Tux logo. Tux only came much later. I suggest an egg or something.

    --
    Engineering is the art of compromise.
    1. Re:Wrong Logo by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why are you replying to parent and not starting your own thread?

    2. Re:Wrong Logo by stonedcat · · Score: 0
      Ever read that little box below the submit button buddy?

      Important Stuff

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      * Try to reply to other people's comments instead of starting new threads.
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      --
      You can't take the sky from me.
    3. Re:Wrong Logo by Hobart · · Score: 1

      This article should not have the Linux Tux logo. Tux only came much later. I suggest an egg or something.

      The logo prior to Tux (maybe not "official" but community-driven) was Virtual Beer ...

      If you're in Europe, http://www.linuxbierwanderung.org/ still has a beer-related annual event to attend (covered on slashdot earlier)

      --
      Slashcode bug # 497457 - unfixed since December 2001 - Go look it up!
      --
      o/~ Join us now and share the software ...
    4. Re:Wrong Logo by nuzak · · Score: 1

      The boot logo for Redhat SPARC was the one of tux holding the virtual beer. It also used the HHGTG ascii art for kernel oopses. Ahh the old days before corporate blandness.

      --
      Done with slashdot, done with nerds, getting a life.
  8. terse? by QuantumG · · Score: 4, Interesting
    that's an understatement :)

    In other words, I'm right. I'm always right, but sometimes I'm more right
    than other times. And dammit, when I say "files don't matter", I'm really
    really Right(tm). Which is actually more funny than arrogant, so long as you know Linus' style.

    --
    How we know is more important than what we know.
    1. Re:terse? by msimm · · Score: 1

      Good quote (and comment). Linus is truly funny. Possibly a perfect character to be in such an odd position. He never fails to bring some common sense, levity and even a little humility. My hats been off to him for years (and yes, I did read the biography). (:

      --
      Quack, quack.
  9. See? A community is built on civility by toby · · Score: 1

    I'm looking forward to any comments you might have

    Streak of natural leadership, much? Sure beats ducking flying chairs.

    Thankyou Linus!

    --
    you had me at #!
  10. Point update? by thatskinnyguy · · Score: 3, Funny

    I can see he's gotten a little bit better at letting people adjust to the new Kernel point updates.

    --
    The game.
  11. .99 +SLS by fishbowl · · Score: 1

    I am rather afraid to look, for fear that I might find more than a few moronic postings, often drunk on smitticks and trying desperately to make SLS installs of 0.99 versions of Linux work in what was otherwise a SunOS shop. After 1994 we never bought another piece of Sun hardware, so the experiment was successful to say the least. But it was kicking-and-screaming successful.

    --
    -fb Everything not expressly forbidden is now mandatory.
    1. Re:.99 +SLS by Alioth · · Score: 1

      I started with Linux with version 0.10 (IIRC), in about January 1992. The university was a SunOS shop.

      A friend of mine said we should do a demo to the SunOS guys - and we did, I think by the time we did it we were up to 0.14 (and we had compiled a few real applications and installed it on the hard disk of a couple of the 386sx-16 PCs at university), and invited the BOFH and all his minions down to see what we were doing.

      Not long after, both myself and my friend had been kicked off the university network - me for running a mud, and my friend for trying to crack the root password! We got back in favour after promptly reporting the exploit we found in the SunOS 'pad' command, although I think the BOFH still looked at us with great suspicion. Ah, the naievity of being a first year. Good times.

  12. Great quote by Linus by schmiddy · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I really enjoyed seeing the quote by Linus (this is a program for hackers by a hacker). He clearly never, ever, expected his little hobby project to catch on the way it did. Hope this gives hope and inspiration to all the OSS developers out there, scratching their own itches. Just looking back on the history of the software industry, it seems like so many tremendous ideas and businesses got started around a small hobby project by one or two smart guys: Google, Perl, Python, Linux, GNU, and so on. Remember that one man change history.

    --
    http://cltracker.net -- powerful craigslist multi-city search
    1. Re:Great quote by Linus by fireforadrymouth · · Score: 1

      Remember that one man changed history. word of warning: it needs 4MB to be usable
    2. Re:Great quote by Linus by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hope this gives hope and inspiration to all the OSS developers out there, scratching their own itches. There are 150,000 projects on sourceforge. How many really made it big? 100? 0.0006% to make it doesn't sound too encouraging...
    3. Re:Great quote by Linus by SpaceballsTheUserNam · · Score: 0

      I don't know how many made it "big," but I know there are a whole freakin bunch that I couldn't (ok, wouldn't want to) live without.

      --
      \.
    4. Re:Great quote by Linus by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      That's funny because there are people using the 2.6 kernel with 1MB of RAM today!

    5. Re:Great quote by Linus by Comatose51 · · Score: 3, Insightful
      I've been reading "The Myth of Innovations" and "Black Swan". They're two books on different subjects but with a similar underlying theme: there's a great deal more randomness and unpredictability in this world than we like to admit. Things don't progress in a linear fashion but usually in parallel and in the form of a tree. Only in hindsight does it look linear because all the other branches have died out and been eliminated. This quote by Linus really illustrates this point. At that time, no one really knew what was going to happen to Linux. It could have gone in a million directions (forking in computer science terms).

      I think of the great advantages the OSS model has over closed source is that when these branches die out their work and whatever grain of usefulness/truth don't die with them. It's precisely the ability to fork and create another branch that allows OSS to really evolve and try out all the million possibilities. With closed source and an overly strict copyright scheme the overhead of trying those possibilities are too expensive. (regurgitating Yochai Benkler's "Wealth of the Network" here)

      --
      EvilCON - Made Famous by /.
    6. Re:Great quote by Linus by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The kernel, maybe. But for an actual production system, 1GB is more realistic.

    7. Re:Great quote by Linus by Mr.+Underbridge · · Score: 1

      There are 150,000 projects on sourceforge. How many really made it big? 100? 0.0006% to make it doesn't sound too encouraging...

      If you're doing it to 'make it big', you're doing it for the wrong reason.

    8. Re:Great quote by Linus by Abcd1234 · · Score: 1

      But the whole point is to solve problems you're interested in. If other people find your work useful, great, but becoming "big" shouldn't be the goal, otherwise you'll never get anywhere.

    9. Re:Great quote by Linus by compro01 · · Score: 1

      just because everyone and their great-aunt Tillie doesn't use it doesn't mean it isn't useful. i routinely find "just what i needed!" programs on SF that no one but the developer seems to pay any attention to.

      if putting the program and source out there helps even one person, i would consider it to be a success.

      --
      upon the advice of my lawyer, i have no sig at this time
  13. Re:It's too bad about teh Lunix by kcbanner · · Score: 1, Interesting
    I can tell your inexperienced because you said "program it right." No. The proper word is "code".

    "...they never bothered to code it right the first time around."

    And imho its coded very well indeed.

    --
    Obligatory blog plug: http://www.caseybanner.ca/
  14. "Greatest operating systems today"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Flamebait

    Not even close!

    Linux is filled with problems, and lags behind all of the other operating systems -even the kernel from Vista has better interface stability and more features (it's just the rest that sucks) than Linux.

    With Solaris, BSD, Vista, OSX -hell, even OS/2 you know that tomorrow they won't do some wonky bullshit thing (like rip out the scheduler for no reason) and the version numbers have some sort of coherent scheme.

    Not to mention the fact that Linux has become less stable with each release for the last five years (since 2.4 was released).

    It's time to face the facts, kids; Linux is an ameteur OS thrust into the professional realm which it is ill-equipped to handle. Google uses it you say? How much time does google spend nursing it along? (a considerable amount, I"m sure; particularly compared to how little manpower they'd have to invest in maintence if they switched to Solaris or Windows Server).

    But, that said, Linux is indeed the greatest operating system today --for me to poop on!

    1. Re:"Greatest operating systems today"? by dstrek · · Score: 0

      Wow, glad that you backed up everything you claimed with some facts and statistics.

    2. Re:"Greatest operating systems today"? by gallwapa · · Score: 1, Insightful

      Yeah...because where I'm from I constantly nurse our Linux servers. I mean, heck, I even decided to do a kernel update once and it actually made me reboot the machine. How dare it make me nurse it along like that!?!11! If only patches came out on the second Tuesday of every month for every server and workstation at the same time and have them auto apply and hope nothing breaks instead of nursing it along by pressing the 'accept' button.

      (And now for the real story: We don't have a ton of Linux servers, but for the 5 we do... we turned them on, set them up, and they've run ever since...)

    3. Re:"Greatest operating systems today"? by Urza9814 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Oh yea. 1.0, 3.1, 95, 98, 2000, ME, XP, Vista...real coherent scheme there. Goes from small decimal numbers to large two digit numbers to four digit numbers to two letters to words.

      As for Linux being unstable...dude, have you ever even seriously used Linux? Hell, if you don't fuck with it, it'll run for YEARS. Funny story - Freenet, with default configuration, crashes Windows XP on my computer in under half an hour. Not even kidding. Just murders the bitch. Now take the exact same program (It's Java), put it on Linux, runs fine. Runs for weeks without a problem. Remove the bandwidth caps, change max allowed connections from 200 to 750, increase the data store size by 40 gigs, and remove the limits on allowed known routing nodes...and it still runs fine. for weeks. Windoze would die in under 10 minutes from the load my Linux box idles on.

    4. Re:"Greatest operating systems today"? by moosesocks · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Sounds more like a problem with Freenet, which most people seem to have a problem with getting to work properly.

      Likewise, I wouldn't use Java performance as a good indicator of anything, because I mean.... let's be honest here... it's java. There are one or two good java applications out there, but for the most part, it just plain sucks.

      --
      -- If you try to fail and succeed, which have you done? - Uli's moose
    5. Re:"Greatest operating systems today"? by TheThiefMaster · · Score: 1

      Oh yea. 1.0, 3.1, 95, 98, 2000, ME, XP, Vista...real coherent scheme there. Goes from small decimal numbers to large two digit numbers to four digit numbers to two letters to words. Actually there were versions between 1.0 and 3.1, and it diverged at 3.1 into 2 lines. One which was the 9x series (now discontinued, thankfully), and one which kept the decimal numbering up right up to 7.0 (so far), though presenting a friendly name for home buyers:
      1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.1, 95 (9x.1), 98 (9x.2), ME (9x.3), discontinued
      1.0, 2.0, 3.0, NT 3.1, NT 3.5, NT 4.0, NT 5.0 (2000), NT 5.1 (XP), NT 5.2 (Server 2003/XP x64), NT 6 .0 (Vista), NT 6.1 (Server 2008), NT 7.0 (Vista 2?)
    6. Re:"Greatest operating systems today"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      The versioning is always x.y.

      95 = 4.0
      98 = 4.1
      ME = 4.2 or 4.5 (can't remember)
      2000 = 5.0
      XP = 5.1
      2003 Server = 5.2
      Vista = 6.0

      You = Moron.

    7. Re:"Greatest operating systems today"? by petermgreen · · Score: 1

      btw 95 is 4.0 and i think 98 and ME are 4.1 and 4.2

      but the real version numbers are not exposed much to users, the only thing that is in any obvious place with modern windows versions is the year or name (and worse ms uses names for thier desktop editions and years for thier server versions)

      --
      note: i'm known as plugwash most places but i screwd up registering that here somehow in the past and now can't register
    8. Re:"Greatest operating systems today"? by Urza9814 · · Score: 1

      eh, yea, I know Java sucks. a lot. but point is, exact same code runs fine on Linux, but the load kills Windoze nearly instantly.

    9. Re:"Greatest operating systems today"? by Novus · · Score: 1

      The Windows ME I'm running right now says "4.90.3000" in the System Properties. Don't blame me; my parents actually like it (and I'm too addicted to Slashdot to wait until I get back to my own system).

    10. Re:"Greatest operating systems today"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      With Solaris, BSD, Vista, OSX -hell, even OS/2 you know that tomorrow they won't do some wonky bullshit thing (like rip out the scheduler for no reason) and the version numbers have some sort of coherent scheme.


      What the fuck do you care about kernel _internals_ like the scheduler?

      Not to mention the fact that Linux has become less stable with each release for the last five years (since 2.4 was released).


      WTF? Since 2.4 was released? What in your mother's dirty cunt are you talking about? If you'd have said 2.6, I could have seen you genuinely trying to make an argument.

      It's time to face the facts, kids; Linux is an ameteur OS thrust into the professional realm which it is ill-equipped to handle. Google uses it you say? How much time does google spend nursing it along? (a considerable amount, I"m sure; particularly compared to how little manpower they'd have to invest in maintence if they switched to Solaris or Windows Server).


      Are you daft? The fact is that Google runs just fine using GNU/Linux without the commercial software you cling on to.

      >But, that said, Linux is indeed the greatest operating system today --for me to poop on!
      Nice, why this is modded flamebait but interesting, is beyond me...
  15. Debian by Verte · · Score: 3, Informative

    Thanks, I was going to say something similar. The Hurd doesn't have developers coming out of its ears like Linux does, but if you want to run it on your x86 machine, Debian have a distribution of it that works today.

    --
    We at slashdot are scientists, specialists and kernel hackers. Your FUD will be found out.
  16. Re:"great linus quote"!? by Enderandrew · · Score: 0, Troll

    A great quote is a great quote, regardless of the person who said it. Admiring a great quote doesn't make you a brown-noser.

    Why you gotta be a hater?

    --
    http://blindscribblings.com - Tasty pop-culture in conceptual fashion.
  17. can someone comment on hurd development? by mckwant · · Score: 1

    I'm curious about what's going on w.r.t. Hurd dev, but not curious enough to actually delve through the changelogs. Anybody involved care to summarize what's up?

    More importantly, is there still a point to its development? I'm no kernel hacker, but I'm sure there are things that the current kernel can't do well.

    Thanks.

    --
    ceci n'est pas un sig.
    1. Re:can someone comment on hurd development? by byolinux · · Score: 1

      It works. You can run X on it, the problem right now is a lack of drivers.

      But if you have qemu, you can certainly get it up and running from the K14 CD ISOs from Debian very quickly.

  18. Source... by TheRealMindChild · · Score: 2, Funny

    So where is the link to the source for these?

    --

    "When life gives you lemons, don't make lemonade. Make life take the lemons back!" -- Cave Johnson
    1. Re:Source... by maubp · · Score: 1

      According to the article, there are no known copies of Linux 0.02 and 0.03, probably because Linus deleted his when they were superceded. If you know of anyone else with a copy do let him know!

      Its a shame, but at the time this was "little hack" project for him so full version control would have been overkill.

  19. The Linux alternate history game... by Kadin2048 · · Score: 4, Informative

    I don't want to start the everlasting monolithic/microkernel flame war up again, but I think it's pretty clear that it's only the pace at which hardware has advanced in the last decade or so that has allowed Linux to continue monolithically.

    There's a lot to be said for the microkernel architecture, and if Moore's Law ever does start to level off, then I think we're going to see a move away from monolithic designs for good. It's just not practical to keep stuffing more features into a monolithic kernel if you're not constantly getting more and more memory to run it on, and only a very small body of users can be expected to ever compile their own. (True, you can always recompile a specialized version of a monolithic kernel, ripping out all the stuff you don't need, but this is a PITA and it only becomes harder as the thing gets bigger.)

    Along with probably most other Linux users, I've always wondered how things would be if Tanenbaum had released MINIX under a free license earlier in the game (Torvalds has said at several points that had MINIX been more free, he probably would have simply modified it, keeping its architecture, but since Tanenbaum had no interest in "turn[ing] MINIX in BSD UNIX" [1]...the rest, of course, is history.)

    Or perhaps more interestingly, what would have happened if a free version of BSD had been produced for low-end hardware just a little earlier than it actually was. (In reality, 386BSD came out in a working form in July 1992 [so sayeth Wikipedia], nine months after the first Linux release, and 4.4BSDLite didn't come out until '94 [2].) It seems to me that had "real UNIX" been available for low-end systems in the early 90s, much of the impetus to create a from-scratch clone would have disappeared. (Although, maybe not; perhaps the philosophical differences that drive Linux and the BSDs in different directions would have eventually caused a from-scratch rewrite.)

    Ultimately I don't think either alternative would really have brought us out at much of a different place than we are right now, at least from an end-user's perspective; the majority of users don't really care about kernels as such anyway. But it's always fun to play 'what-if,' as long as one keeps in mind that although it's easy to fixate on how things could be better, it could always be far, far worse.

    [1] Great archive of Torvalds / Tanenbaum Usenet discussions here. There's so much ego going on there, from both sides, ASCII text can barely contain it...
    [2] I'm partial to fellow Slashdotter connorbd's BSD History, which is a good primer.

    --
    "Ladies and gentlemen, my killbot features Lotus Notes and a machine gun. It is the finest available."
    1. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I think it's pretty clear that it's only the pace at which hardware has advanced in the last decade or so that has allowed Linux to continue monolithically.

      What'choo talking 'bout Willis? Over the past couple of years, Linux has been slowly evolving toward a hybrid kernel design. Between the common use of FUSE for powerful new file systems and the recent merging of user space driver support into the kernel, Linux is showing more and more Microkernel attributes every day.

      In a sense, Tanenbaum wasn't really wrong. It's just that like most researchers, he was ahead of his time. Facets of Microkernel technology have made their way into nearly every major operating system on the market today. From Windows to Mac OS X to Linux, hybrid kernel design is proving to be a valuable feature that every moden operating system should have.

      When it comes down to it, microkernels just make sense. It's in many ways simpler to develop than a monolithic kernel, and provides an easy-to-implement yet powerful firewall between the computer's subsystems. The catch is that early reseach ran into performance problems inherent in task switching on every system call. Hybrid kernels attempt to minimize that by designing around the monolithic "kernel space" vs. "user space" division already present in most OSes. Because the division already exists, the performance hit can be quite minimal for certain forms of application. (I haven't kept track to know if such performance has actually been achieved in any Linux hybrid code, so take a grain of salt with this.) Pure device drivers would still have performance problems due to the data bubbling up from the kernel rather than executing entirely in kernel space. Thus hybrid features are more useful for subsystems that already interact with userspace. (e.g. A new filesystem.)
    2. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by QuantumG · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Performance isn't really the most important thing.

      Stability and security are the big wins. With the Linux kernel both these things are less of a problem than with other systems because it is expected that everything you run is open for inspection and improvement (and if you run stuff that isn't, well, you're on your own). But now we have this other option. If you don't trust a driver, you should be able to run it in user space. If it crashes, well, restart it, no harm done (hopefully).. and you don't have to trust it with kernel access.

      That said, you're still giving this unknown code a lot of control over your system.. so don't get a false sense of security.

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    3. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 4, Informative

      Performance isn't really the most important thing.

      It's important in that performance was what killed the Microkernel. After Mach came up with such pitiful performance numbers, all the OS developers* who had been looking to embrace microkernel architecture ran the other way. At the time, the performance vs. security/stablity tradeoffs weren't worth it. Now with ultra-modern machines running on an insecure internet, things are *starting* to turn around. :-)

      * There were a few exceptions, of course. NeXT adopted Mach regardless of the performance issues. They spent a lot of time upgrading it into the hybrid XNU kernal. QNX was a microkernel because the guys who wrote it were very clever and didn't know any better. NT shows the basic design concepts behind a microkernel, but all the servers ended up getting shoved into kernel space for performance. So NT just barely scrapes by as a hybrid.
    4. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by QuantumG · · Score: 1, Informative

      Yes, yes. Thank you for the history lesson.

      In the case of the Linux kernel, what I said is what it is good for.

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    5. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by ozmanjusri · · Score: 4, Interesting
      It seems to me that had "real UNIX" been available for low-end systems in the early 90s

      Amiga Unix was available in 1990, a time when Amigas were still selling well. Despite being one of the better Unixes of the time, it didn't set the marketplace alight.

      --
      "I've got more toys than Teruhisa Kitahara."
    6. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by QuantumG · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      And I guess on yours they will write "he loved taunting people anonymously".. you filthy little coward.

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    7. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by badfish99 · · Score: 1

      And Xenix, for 386 machines, sold by (of all people) Microsoft. The important thing is that they weren't free.

    8. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by Climate+Shill · · Score: 1

      [Amiga Unix] And Xenix, for 386 machines, sold by (of all people) Microsoft. The important thing is that they weren't free.

      No, the important thing is that they were Unix. Even in 1990 the market for usability disasters was just not that big.

    9. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by bn557 · · Score: 1

      And don't forget Coherent, which I believe was also Microsoft Xenix rebranded. On an aside, I still have Xenix and Coherent install discs around here somewhere.

      --
      Humans are slow, innaccurate, and brilliant; computers are fast, acurrate, and dumb; together they are unbeatable
    10. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by RiffRafff · · Score: 2, Funny

      "Even in 1990 the market for usability disasters was just not that big."

      Then please explain Windows 3.0.

      --
      "I might have made a tactical error in not going to a physician for 20 years." -- Warren Zevon
    11. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by diegocgteleline.es · · Score: 1

      It's just not practical to keep stuffing more features into a monolithic kernel if you're not constantly getting more and more memory to run it on, and only a very small body of users can be expected to ever compile their own

      You don't need to recompile anything to use a monolitic kernel. Also, a microkernel is not neccesarily able to add features without recompiling.

      When are microkernel zealots going to get that modularity is NOT EXCLUSIVE TO MICROKERNELS? Sight....modularity is a property of software, be it a "microkernel", a macrokernel or whatever. The Linux kernel is very well modularized -more than any microkernel in some areas-, and that's pretty much the reason why monolithic kernels like linux can and will survive.

    12. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by Thag · · Score: 1

      Did Amiga Unix support the multimedia end of things? Could you run the Video Toaster off it?

      If not, it sounds like a square peg in a round hole type situation, as the Amiga's real niche was in multimedia.

      Jon Acheson

      --
      All opinions expressed herein are my own, and not those of my employers, who are appalled.
    13. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      My point is that performance has been a hot-button issue against microkernel design. That's why it has taken so long to realize the stability and security advantages of a hybrid kernel. If microkernels didn't have such a bad rep, Linux would have been hybridized as much as a decade ago. :-)

    14. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by Kadin2048 · · Score: 1

      What'choo talking 'bout Willis? Over the past couple of years, Linux has been slowly evolving toward a hybrid kernel design. Between the common use of FUSE for powerful new file systems and the recent merging of user space driver support into the kernel, Linux is showing more and more Microkernel attributes every day. True, and I'm not unaware. But it's still predominantly a monolithic kernel, although it's starting to get some more hybrid/microkernel-esque features, and has been developed monolithically throughout much of its history.

      What I was supposing was basically 'if desktop computers hadn't advanced at the rate that they did throughout most of the 1990s, would the Linux kernel be even further along the path towards microkernelization than it is today.' Because it seems like it's only the pace of hardware developments that allows a monolithic kernel to continue to develop (and increase in size/features) while still retaining performance.

      It seems likely that one of the things that's driving the architectural changes recently, is that people's upgrade cycles seem to have slowed somewhat. I know a lot more people in 2007 that are using 5+ year-old computers, than I did in 1995 or 1992. It could be just coincidental, but it seems that as people have become less interested in shelling out for the latest and greatest hardware, the kernel has turned towards more loadable modules and userspace drivers.

      So in essence, I'm agreeing with exactly what you said; I'm just interested in why it's happening.
      --
      "Ladies and gentlemen, my killbot features Lotus Notes and a machine gun. It is the finest available."
    15. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by petermgreen · · Score: 1

      it's just not practical to keep stuffing more features into a monolithic kernel if you're not constantly getting more and more memory to run it on
      be carefull with your definition of monolithic.

      linux is monolithic in the sense that everything that is part of the kernel runs in the same address space and has access to everything else in the kernel. However it has a module system allowing kernel code to be loaded and unloaded (though unloading is unusual) at the request of users, applications or hardware detection systems.

      debian:/home/plugwash# ls -l /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.21-2-amd64
      -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1570231 2007-07-10 23:18 /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.21-2-amd64
      debian:/home/plugwash# du -sh /lib/modules/
      67M /lib/modules/
      debian:/home/plugwash#

      as you can see from the above with a debian kernel (and I doubt debians kernels are much different from those of other major general purpose distros) the vast majority of kernel code is in the form of modules. From a ram usage perspective I don't see how this is much different from a microkernel based architecture.

      --
      note: i'm known as plugwash most places but i screwd up registering that here somehow in the past and now can't register
    16. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by LWATCDR · · Score: 1

      Nope Coherent was not Xenix but a Unix like OS written by Mark Williams.
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent_(operating_s ystem)
      Commodore was working on a business system that used the Zilog 8000 running Coherent but dropped it to work on the Amiga.
      I always wondered how the Amiga would have done with Coherent instead of AmigaDos.
      They could have still used Intuition and Workspace as the graphics system and GUI but would have had a real Unix like OS as the foundation.

      --
      See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
    17. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by fwarren · · Score: 1
      It seems likely that one of the things that's driving the architectural changes recently, is that people's upgrade cycles seem to have slowed somewhat. I know a lot more people in 2007 that are using 5+ year-old computers, than I did in 1995 or 1992.

      The difference is, by 2002, if you purchased a decent computer you could play back full motion video.

      Why would most people need a faster computer? They don't edit video, compile software, render cad drawings, etc.

      By 2002, a computer with 512mb of RAM running Windows XP with a 40gig hard drive, will do just fine for Joe six-pack. Even today.

      --
      vi + /etc over regedit any day of the week.
    18. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by 0xABADC0DA · · Score: 1

      Actually performance is not what killed the microkernel. I've actually read some of the original detailed performance studies (ie 200+ page reports) on Mach and it simply was not the case that is was much slower than monolithic kernels. Not enough to make a substantial difference.

      The actual problem was the concept of the microkernel itself. When you protect servers from each other you add another layer of complexity to the interaction, and this is good in theory but in practice it gets in the kernel hackers' way. There are many examples in Linux and other kernel of the moral equivalent of "public static int aglobal" or "otherserver->somevar->aprivate" that get put in as a shortcut just to get something working. Or in other cases fields (see inode) that get overloaded with values from what would be many different servers in a microkernel. It's the development model of microkernels that killed them.

      In the old times like say with Amiga, *all* programs essentially ran in the kernel. These systems were far faster than any micro or monolithic kernel at timings and interrupts and context switches, with much better 'feel' and 'smoothness', but they died because they crashed (nowdays they would die because of insecurity). So the monolithic kernel is a local maxima between crashing/insecurity and too much developer overhead. Unfortunately, it's also a really bad one that we are stuck in (safe language for everything, kernel + 'userspace' is very much better).

    19. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      After Mach came up with such pitiful performance numbers, all the OS developers* who had been looking to embrace microkernel architecture ran the other way.

      I'm not familiar with the performance of early Mach, but Tannenbaum says on his webpage:

      "I can't for the life of me see why people object to the 20% performance hit a microkernel might give you when they program in languages like Java and Perl where you often get a factor 20x performance hit. What's the big deal about turning a 3.0 GHz PC into a 2.4 GHz PC due to a microkernel? Surely you once bought a machine appreciably slower than 2.4 GHz and were very happy with it. I would easily give up 20% in performance for a system that was robust, reliable, and wasn't susceptible to many of the ills we see in today's massive operating systems."

      I would, too, especially after some memorable kernel glitches. (Java nuts: replace "Java" with "Python" or "Ruby" or whatever else is popular-but-slow today.)

      Was Mach performance worse than a 20% hit, and they just hadn't gotten around to optimizing it yet? Or do people really hate using an OS that's equivalent of a couple months old, while using an interpreted programming environment that makes their CPU the equivalent of a couple of years old?

    20. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1
      Did you read the same papers I read? Because I'd say that running 50% slower than an equivalent Unix system was pretty major.

      From the ACM paper, The performance of -kernel-based systems:

      We found no substantiation for the "common knowledge" that
      early Mach 3.0-based Unix single-server implementations achieved
      a performance penalty of only 10% compared to bare Unix on the
      same hardware. For newer hardware, [9] reports penalties of about
      50%.


      [9] ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/project/mach/doc/published/os -memorysys.ps

      L4 tried to remedy a lot of the problems inherent in the microkernel design, but the industry had already made commitments to more monolithic designs by that point in time.
    21. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      1. Mach *was* worse than a 20% performance hit under many types of loads.

      2. His attempt to say that Java is a 20 fold hit in performance is an outright untruth. Java JIT benchmarks have met or exceeded C/C++ benchmarks on several occasions.

      3. One of Java's original failings prior to the Hotspot VM was that it was considered "slow". Java did not get a free ride in that respect. The Java community is still fighting to have the performance of the platform recognized some 10 years after it was resolved.

      4. Interpreted languages like Ruby and Python are not used for performance-critical code. An Operating System has a variety of performance critical situations that would make the slow execution of Ruby and Python unsuitable. For example, if you're playing a movie file you need that absolute minimum latencies possible between reading a frame from disk, decoding the frame, and transferring the decoded frame to the screen.

      5. In theory it should be possible to give up some of our performance gains from the latest technology in exchange for useful designs like Microkernel architectures. The realities of the market, however, is that performance is a selling point for an operating system. Your competitors WILL latch onto your poor performance and exploit it in their advertisements for all they're worth. Yes, the market can be illogical. Such is life.

    22. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by darkwhite · · Score: 1

      if Moore's Law ever does start to level off, then I think we're going to see a move away from monolithic designs for good. It's just not practical to keep stuffing more features into a monolithic kernel if you're not constantly getting more and more memory to run it on What?

      Are you aware that you're not making any sense at all? You throw around a bunch of terms which may seem to you to form a logical chain of thought but they really do not. The underlying assumptions that more features in the kernel somehow bloat it significantly, that Moore's law has anything to do with memory, that the kernel is monolithic in any way that is relevant to what you're saying, etc. are blatantly wrong.

      Can you clarify what you're saying?
      --

      [an error occurred while processing this directive]
    23. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by cerussatus · · Score: 1

      ...for powerful new file systems and the recent merging of user space driver support [slashdot.org] into the kernel... Careful there, you're using ./ as a source.
    24. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >* Java JIT benchmarks have met or exceeded C/C++ benchmarks on several occasions.

      Hmm, what language do you think the Java interpreter/JIT compiler is written in? C/C++, right? So how could an interpreter, with all the indirections it does at runtime, be faster except if there's some algorithm wrong in the competing C/C++ program? (Really I'm just curious.) Not saying Java doesn't have a merit, it does reduce generic code that has to be written because of it's extensive API, which unfortunately makes it a bit difficult language to learn. But it's not faster, never! ;-)

    25. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1
      The error in your logic is easy to spot: JIT != Interpreter

      JIT == Just In Time Compiler. Being able to compile Java down to native code at runtime allows the JVM to produce code that is optimized for the local system. The performance gains from this help make up for losses incurred by doing runtime compilation.

      But it's not faster, never!

      As much as I hate to hurt your feelings, Mr. AC:

      http://www.idiom.com/~zilla/Computer/javaCbenchmar k.html

      Abstract: "This article surveys a number of benchmarks and finds that Java performance on numerical code is comparable to that of C++, with hints that Java's relative performance is continuing to improve. We then describe clear theoretical reasons why these benchmark results should be expected."
    26. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So click through on the links until you're satisfied.

    27. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by dingbatdr · · Score: 1

      If they were that clever, why did they not know any better?

      --
      The truth is an offense, but not a sin.------R. N. Marley
    28. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I did mention the term JIT compiler and wanted to point out it's still just dynamic compilation, while C/C++ is directly compiled. In the article you link some good points are made indeed. But it not stuff that would be impossible to achieve in low-level C (like not even using the kernel to do atomic allocations during a calculation and other stuff that people have to think up crafted tests to prove, C programmers just think more efficient in nature I guess, they would not do that in the first place.

      See ya,
      Mr AC

    29. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      Youth. It's one of those funny things about being young. Sometimes you solve a problem because no one told you it was impossible.

    30. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, I didn't read the same papers you read because the ones I read were over a hundred pages and included benchmarks of all kinds... network, filesystem, applications, macrobenchmarks, etc.

      Note that this paper you quote tests first generation Mach running Linux as a server (MkLinux) and it is only 17% slower than native at macrobenchmarks (ie what the computer is used for). But linux wasn't designed to be a friendly unix server and the Mach probably wasn't updated for new hardware; considering that MkLinux was apparently neglected from the start I doubt it was very much optimized.

      So what you have is an upper bound of 15% on actual, and what I can tell you is the reports I read of Mach running a BSD server were nowhere near that much overhead. These were physical printed copies so I have no link for them unfortunately.

    31. Re:The Linux alternate history game... by Cimon+Avaro · · Score: 1

      Xenix originated from SCO, and was available even for 8086 processor machines. One of the hard drive format options for my CP/M-86/MS-DOS 2.2 machine (NEC APC-1) was a Xenix one. Dunno what Xenix would have thought of the 128 kb RAM available though. (it was extensible, but not by much)

  20. Looking at the box.... by rts008 · · Score: 1

    I can see mine was Caldera's Open Linux Base ver. 1.1. It came with a lilo boot floppy, an install cd-rom, and a very well laid out user manual that made installs and the configuration pretty straight forward.
    (disclaimer: purchased at flea market in 1996 for $0.50 USD...installed on several 386 and 486 pc's just because...)

    Why, oh why, did I go to XP?

    Happy to be on Kubuntu for the past year-year and a half??!!?

    --
    Down With Slashdot BETA!!! I've been around the corner and seen the oliphant; you can only abuse me from your perspecti
    1. Re:Looking at the box.... by garett_spencley · · Score: 1

      It's too bad Caldera was bought by (or merged with?) SCO :(

      I remember when Caldera released the very first graphical installer. It had a little tetris game you could play while it copied the files. It felt like such a huge push forward for Linux on the desktop at the time.

    2. Re:Looking at the box.... by Dionysus · · Score: 1

      It's too bad Caldera was bought by (or merged with?) SCO :( Caldera bought SCO and took the name SCO Group. Read about their sorry history on Wikipedia
      --
      Je ne parle pas francais.
    3. Re:Looking at the box.... by rts008 · · Score: 1

      LOL!!
      I remember playing the same game when I was installing. I seem to remember the installer really playing up the whole *do something else while this installs* meme...Great stuff!

      Also agree with you on the whole SCO deal...I can't help but to mentally translate SCO into scummy for some reason though...just me perhaps, oh well. :-)

      I have to say that Ive taken a perverse delight in the truly professional reaming IBM's Nazgul have given ole Daryl and friends at Scummy- err, I mean SCO, though. I guess I'm just a baaaad, baaaaaaaad boy!

      --
      Down With Slashdot BETA!!! I've been around the corner and seen the oliphant; you can only abuse me from your perspecti
  21. Disappointment by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Linux is the biggest disappointment the free software community has ever produced. Not only was it created with an outdated design over ten years ago, it continues to use that same ancient design but has only become more bloated with legacy code. If you seriously take an objective look over the history of Linux it becomes obvious that it's entire development has just been a catchup process. Although instead of it getting closer, it only gets farther away.

    It's a real shame how society, through appathy, has let the industry put OS development and technology in a deadlock and held it back for over 20 years through the lack of hardware documentation. These days a college student, or anyone for that matter, can't start a "revolution" as Linus did. There's now to many proprietary devices, undocumented functions, DRM, and vendor lock-in for anything else to have a chance

    Sure, you can write your own kernel. But what's the point? Without applications and drivers it serves no purpose. The only way to get it to become somewhat usable and useful is to design it to be compatiable at both the application and driver level with a more widely used OS. This essentially prevents any new designs from ever emerging, including the widespread use of the microkernel design (as nearly all drivers these days require ring 0 access). This also means that anything that isn't *nix like or Windows like has no chance, as no one would port their applications to your unheard of OS.

    It'll be interesting to see how long it will be until the public really wakes up to what's already happened. Hell, who am I kidding? It's alreay happened, no one cared. RMS was right in the fact that we will be locked out of our own computers-- that's only just beginning. He although never predicted society itself would readily hand over the keys.

  22. A post by Bill Gates by kbob88 · · Score: 5, Funny
    Ran across this old post from some of my newsgroup archives:

    From: William Gates [email blocked]
    Subject: Costly kernel for IBM PC
    Newsgroups: comp.os.cpm
    Date: 5 Oct 81 05:41:06 GMT

    William Henry Gates III

    Do you pine for the nice days of CP/M-1.1, when men were men and wrote
    their own device drivers? Do you have too much money in your pocket? Are
    you much too free to do what you want with your computer? Are you
    finding it frustrating when everything works on CP/M? No more rebooting your
    computer every 10 minutes? Then this post might be just
    for you :-)

    As I mentioned a month(?) ago, I've purchased a version of QDOS for a song
    and I'm busy cocking it up and I'm going to sell it to IBM (suckers) for their
    new PC. It has finally reached the stage where it's completely unstable and
    most of the cooler things in CP/M have been removed.
    I am willing to put out the binaries, for a price, for wider distribution. It is
    just version 0.02 (+1 (very small) patch already), but I've successfully
    run BASIC/lunar-lander/COMMAND.COM etc under it (oh boy!).

    Sources for this pet project of mine are all mine mine mine! Unless you talk
    to Tim Paterson from SCP. Full kernel source is most definitely not provided, as
    I have swiped a lot of code from CP/M and QDOS, and anywhere else I could find it.
    The system is able to compile "as-is" on alternating Tuesdays and when the moon is
    full or on a spring tide, and has been known to work. At least once. Heh.
    Sources are locked away in my underground lair, I mean a shack I just bought in a
    small town in Washington called Redmond.

    I can (well, almost) hear you asking yourselves "why?". The Amiga will be
    out in a year (or two, or next month, who knows), and I've already got
    CP/M and the Apple ][. Well, this is a program for business people by a businessman.
    It's been real work and I expect to get paid for it!
    Plus hackers and students can't really create anything worthwhile.
    I'm going to hire really smart kids who don't know jack about computers
    and give them a lot of stock options. It won't matter if they create shit.
    We'll market the crap out of this thing! Once I get the hardware vendors to bundle it,
    we're golden! It is the beginning of my plan to dominate the world!
    Muwhahahaha! If you have any comments, please direct them to the guy
    over there holding the chair in a threatening manner.

    I'm also interested in hearing from anybody who has written any of the
    utilities/library functions for CP/M. I'd like to steal them, I mean embrace/extend/extinguish,
    I mean purchase them for a song, so I can add them to the system. If you
    send it me, it becomes mine! And I'll patent it! Drop me
    a line if you are willing to let me use your code.

                                    Bill

    PS. to STEVE BALLMER! I'm unable to get through to you, and keep getting
    "forward error - hermanmiller unknown domain" or something. I think I've got
    a job for you.

    PPS. to the Homebrew Computer Club in Palo Alto -- I'm going to bury you guys!
    1. Re:A post by Bill Gates by rk · · Score: 1

      Very well done, but you're missing just one thing: In 1981 the comp.* hierarchy didn't exist on Usenet. For your amusement: The Great Renaming, which didn't occur until 1987.

      Wow, it just hit me that was 20 years ago. I suddenly feel very old.

  23. Re:It's too bad about teh Lunix by Target+Practice · · Score: 3, Funny

    And I can tell you ARE experienced thanks to your incorrect usage of "its" and "your".

    --
    There's a 68.71% chance you're right.
  24. Class :-) by cheros · · Score: 1

    Thanks, IMHO that's a +10 for funny.

    --
    Insert .sig here. Send no money now. Owner may sue, contents will settle. Batteries not included.
  25. OK, be honest... how many of you tried it? by iroll · · Score: 5, Funny
    You can mail me for more info. "finger torvalds at kruuna.helsinki.fi"
    might tell you something too.

    computer:~ iroll$ finger torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi
    [kruuna.helsinki.fi]
      [Your machine computer.ph.ph.cox.net does not run identd]
    [(retval = -1, errno = 145). Please ask your manager to set it up.]
    Login name: torvalds In real life: Linus Torvalds
    Directory: /h/9/tkol/torvalds Shell: /bin/tcsh
    Never logged in.
    Mail last read Sat Feb 1 15:12:10 2003
    No Plan.
     
    Login name: Xtorvald In real life: Linus Benedict Torvalds
    Directory: /h/3/tkol/torvalds Shell: /bin/tcsh
    Never logged in.
    No unread mail
    No Plan.
    computer:~ iroll$
    All it tells me is that he hasn't checked his email in 4 and a half years :P

    --
    Repetition does not transform a lie into the truth. - FDR
  26. Such things are valuable to a programmer by Opportunist · · Score: 1

    Simple reason, it's easy that way to understand what the original author was thinking, how he was developing it and where certain parts of the code come from. When you get dumped on a large project (and the Linux Kernel undoubtedly is one), it usually takes a LONG time to get into it, see past the various layers of changes and realize just why certain parts are the way they are.

    The reason for this is that when a few megabytes of code hit you without warning or roadmap, most people have no chance to see the "whole picture" without getting lost in code, forgetting half of what they already read which made no sense because they didn't know what's coming after. If you have the chance to read code in the same "step by step" way it was written, you can easily grow into it as the code matures.

    --
    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
  27. Had it not been Minix.. by red+crab · · Score: 1

    ..there would have been no such thing as Linux. Too bad that Tanenbaum doesn't get much of the credit for Linux.

    1. Re:Had it not been Minix.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Die

    2. Re:Had it not been Minix.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why? Tanenbaum got the credit for Minix.

    3. Re:Had it not been Minix.. by mashade · · Score: 1

      Had it not been for Intel, we'd never have had Linux... Too bad they don't get any credit either.

      WTF is your point? Where do you draw the line with whom to credit innovation?

      --
      Technology tips and tricks.
    4. Re:Had it not been Minix.. by Ant+P. · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Had it not been for Minix, nobody would be offended enough to create something better.

  28. Gets me thiking about the media by Tama00 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    As i read all these articles on the net and from slashdot that compare Linux to Windows in such a way that Linux's aim is to steal market share from Windows. I also read in forums all the time, "Linux needs the marketshare so that software publishes will release Games/Photoshop etc on Linux then it will destroy microsoft" and i always say, "The aim of Linux WAS NEVER destroy Microsoft Windows market share." I used to always quote GNU from their site that said something like, "to create a completely open source operation system" Note the words open source which is not commerical programs

    But now heres proof, right and it should be really noted. Linux was created by the developer for the developer. Its not developed to take out microsoft windows. Linux does not want commerical programs and Linux does not care for market share. There are no shareholders for Linux, no one is crushed if you dont use Linux or if you dont like it. So stop writing reviews that say "Linux will defeat microsoft if it had X and Y" because as a developer or Linux i dont care what you think, as long as it stays good enough to be my desktop OS.

    1. Re:Gets me thiking about the media by garett_spencley · · Score: 1

      Troll much ?

      I'll bite.

      It's all how you look at it. Linus began the kernel for the purpose of creating a free unix-like operating system for the 386. In other words he wanted "unix for his desktop". Of course it started out as a hacker project, but what open source software doesn't ?

      Linus also said in recent days (when responding to Con's claims that big money was coming in to push server development and thus taking away focus from Linux on the desktop) something along the lines of [paraphrased]: "The idea that Linux is being developed solely for servers is absurd. Every kernel developer uses Linux on the desktop and so that's what every kernel developer cares about. I wouldn't want anyone who didn't use Linux on his desktop ever touching the Kernel".

      So while you're right that "destroying Microsoft" was never the primary goal, for a lot of people having those commercial applications will make a much better desktop experience. I still keep a Windows install for games and I'm forced to run VMWare for a few Windows apps that I can't live without, and for which there are no alternatives for Linux available. I own just about every Loki title that was released 7 - 8 years ago and I would love to have more 'big game titles' available for Linux.

  29. Linux in the early 90's by jbolden · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I was a Unix user in the early 90's and following the 386BSD saga closely. It was much more well known among the Unix community, but no one was getting it to work. The home unix of choice is one that almost never gets mentioned Coherent, and business Unix was Xenix and later SCO. The Linux community had a focus on working with existing hardware and a focus on being usable by non Unix people since the days of the Corsair project.

    The idea that the 9 months made the difference is simple BS. Much as the FreeBSD people like to claim otherwise it was strategic choices made by the BSD camp all throughout the 90s (like focusing on reliability over functionality) that drove Linux's popularity.

  30. microkernels are a form of B&D programming. by anwyn · · Score: 1
    The reason the microkernels fail is that ukernels are a form of bondage and discipline programming.

    Bondage and Discipline programming occurs when the smart people on the central committee decide that ordinary developers are not smart enough to decide how to code on their own. They create a "system" that won't let the ordinary developers make certain kinds of errors. Pascal is the canonical Bondage and Discipline language.

    There are 3 flaws in B&D programming.

    1. Bondage and discipline programming causes overhead and reduces your performance.
    2. bondage and discipline programming won't let you choose the best method to achieve your goal, so your design becomes more difficult.
    3. The smart people on the central committee, the creators of the B&D system, are not as smart as they think they are.

    Linus Torvalds' criticism of ukernels ( Thread starts here. ) accuses them of the first 2 flaws, but he politely does not mention the third.

    The tunes people also have a harsh criticism of ukernels . They accuse it of abstraction inversion There is less criticism of ukernels in academia where it might be a career limiting move (CLM). Bondate and discipline programming seems to be commonly advocated there.

    I made a presentation to Austin Linux Group on Tanenbaum-Torvalds microkernel vs monolithic kernel Debate.

    1. Re:microkernels are a form of B&D programming. by bytesex · · Score: 1

      So I've read your presentation and while I agree that monolythic kernels certainly have their advantages (freedom), and that I think the main argument against them (bloat depending on Moore's law) is hypocritical because mach doesn't perform until Moore's law catches up with it, your arguments against Mr Tanenbaum are one-sided and don't cut it: IPC within the kernel _is_ reliable because the other process is near and its liveliness can be checked. That's what T. meant when he said that Linus' argument against using IPC in kernel space isn't germane. It's perfectly valid criticism. Also, T. thinks that sharing structures is a bad idea. With which, when you have a MT (interrupt driven) system, I agree. However, if can somehow iteratively queue these interrupts, having one monitor of a structure at a time isn't bad at all. This just shows Linus and T. thinking differently. That bit about Linus 'not being OO' was a bit below the belt, but it was also a little bit OT for T. to mention; I don't recall Linus expressing himself about OO programming, and I don't think it's relevant to making kernels; be it Linux or MINIX. Lastly, 'T. doesn't respond' etc.; did he have to ? Maybe he didn't read that particular post at all. Your bias is showing too much overall, methinks.

      --
      Religion is what happens when nature strikes and groupthink goes wrong.
    2. Re:microkernels are a form of B&D programming. by anwyn · · Score: 1
      What is the microkernel style exactly? It is basicly a way of using the MMU to do some kinds of checking. The extra code that does this checking runs at least 100 times per second on every CPU that runs the OS. To facilitate this checking, developers must reorganize the way their code is organized, breaking the flow of thought and understanding into a lot of small pieces.

      All to do some checking that at least theoreticly could have been done at design, compile, link time once.

      This checking only checks for only some of the possible coding errors. Most OSes do not crash because of stray memory references. There are 49 other crash landings.

      When all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail.

      Microkernels are a solution in search of a problem.

      T lives in academia, so he and his colleagues should be thinking high level. Rather than finding an expensive low level solution to a low level problem, he should be thinking about automated ways of doing all kinds of checking at design, compile, link time.

      I am told (I do not know from personal experience), that in many University CS departments, the OS people are at war with the compiler design people, so perhaps this is politicly impossible. (Cheap shot.)

    3. Re:microkernels are a form of B&D programming. by bytesex · · Score: 1

      The question wasn't about how the compiler slams things together, I thought. The question was whether lock+inspect+unlock is cheaper/safer/more elegant than formulate request/wait for response.

      --
      Religion is what happens when nature strikes and groupthink goes wrong.
  31. is it just me by illuminatedwax · · Score: 1

    Is it just me, or do most excellent pieces of software begin their lives as "yeah, I know there are all these other alternatives that do exactly the same thing, but I swear I'm not totally reinventing the wheel here...?"

    --
    Did you ever notice that *nix doesn't even cover Linux?
    1. Re:is it just me by Abcd1234 · · Score: 1

      Actually, I think you are mistaken. IMHO, most excellent pieces of software begin their lives as "yeah, I know there's other solutions out there that do this, but they don't really solve my problem, or solve it the way I like, so here's my attempt at it..." I know most of my software projects have started off that way. You begin with a need (a cheap/free Unix-like OS, a decent raster graphics editor, a scripting language to solve another problem), and things evolve from there.

      'course, this is also why a lot of OSS software is difficult to use, or is missing certain features, etc... the developers don't need it, or aren't interested in solving the problem, so it doesn't get done. But that's the reality of volunteer labour.

  32. Coherent by Nick+of+NSTime · · Score: 1
    Man, I'm so glad this article got posted. It led to comments about Coherent, so now I can maybe put Linux on my Compaq Portable III.

    Will that increase my geek cred?

  33. Re:It's too bad about teh Lunix by compro01 · · Score: 1

    Dammit Jim, he's a programmer, not an English professor!

    --
    upon the advice of my lawyer, i have no sig at this time
  34. Perhaps the dumbest question I've asked here... by amccaf1 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I've enjoyed [sic] doing it,


    Can anyone tell me why there is a "[sic]" in that above quote? There don't seem to be any spelling/grammatical mistakes in the sentence.
    --
    "Flag on the moon. How did it get there?"
    1. Re:Perhaps the dumbest question I've asked here... by bytesex · · Score: 1

      I've enjoyed [sic] doing it,


      Can anyone tell me why there is a "[sic]" in that above quote? There don't seem to be any spelling/grammatical mistakes in the sentence. It was 'enjouyed' or something, originally.
      --
      Religion is what happens when nature strikes and groupthink goes wrong.
    2. Re:Perhaps the dumbest question I've asked here... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think he's implying that he didn't necessarily "enjoy" it, exactly.

    3. Re:Perhaps the dumbest question I've asked here... by natpoor · · Score: 1
      I was wondering the same thing. However, "[sic]" is only used when the error was still there -- if you correct the error, you don't need "sic" since there is no error, although you'd need to note that you changed part of the quote, so like this: "I've [enjoyed] doing it." However, I believe there is some dispute as to corrections and changing different forms of spelling (such as with different dialects of the same language, like American and British English).


      Given all the it's/its errors in Slashdot, this is kind of funny. You could reproduce that quote like so: "I've enjoyed [sic] [sic] doing it," but you'd want to indicate that you're quoting a quote.

    4. Re:Perhaps the dumbest question I've asked here... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Can anyone tell me why there is a "[sic]" in that above quote? There don't seem to be any spelling/grammatical mistakes in the sentence.
      The [sic] is the grammatical mistake. Cowboy Neal added it because he couldn't stand the thought of a slashdot article without any mistakes.
    5. Re:Perhaps the dumbest question I've asked here... by bperkins · · Score: 1

      It's because slashdot stories can't even misspell things correctly.

    6. Re:Perhaps the dumbest question I've asked here... by jedo · · Score: 1

      According to the article Linus spelled it "enjouyed". Slashdot must have finally put a spellchecker into the story posting process.

  35. Re:It's too bad about teh Lunix by Ginger+Unicorn · · Score: 1

    in my experience during the 80's and early to mid nineties (in britain at least) everyone used the verb "program". The verb to "code" was a kind of web-era americanism that has since taken over, at least from my perspective. A lot of nerds my age that I encounter still say program.

    --
    (1.21 gigawatts) / (88 miles per hour) = 30 757 874 newtons
  36. Damned 'freeAX' by nurb432 · · Score: 1

    If it wasn't for Linus, i would have continued on my path of a minix-like OS for my AtariST. ( no, not MiNT, but it was rather similar )

    But noooo. because of him i jumped ship to the i386 and lost interest in the 68xxxx.

    Could have been MY name up in lights.. thanks a bunch!

    --
    ---- Booth was a patriot ----
  37. "...enjoyed [sic]" by TheoMurpse · · Score: 1

    Could someone please tell me why there is a "[sic]" immediately after "enjoyed" in the quote? There is nothing wrong with the word "enjoyed" as far as I know. Does the editor think that it is "enjoied" or "enjoyd" instead*interrobang*.

  38. You trolling little jerk! Get it right. by Gazzonyx · · Score: 1

    ...walking around the office distracting anyone who will listen with war stories of how they once installed Linux on a damned flashlight. Get the story right! It wasn't just a flashlight, it was a flippin' Mag Light! The 4 'D' battery kind! The kind that doubles as a blackjack if you're stuck in the city after dark. And I'd like to see you install Linux on a Mag Light while the server room was being flooded by battery acid... Well, not flooded - but the floor was quite sticky with it. And I didn't just have to install Linux on that Mag Light; I had to compile it from punch cards, in the dark, while up to my knees in battery acid. And all the while, I was writing the documentation for my kernel branch! See this scar? While I was writing the docs, I didn't have a pen handy - I was writing in my own blood! You can take that little story back to your MSCE classes, youngin'!
    --

    If I mod you up, it doesn't necessarily mean I agree with what you've said, sorry.

  39. but it's not a great quote. by bombastinator · · Score: 1

    But it's not a great quote.

    It's kind of a lame quote quote in fact. it neither expresses elegantly nor with any special insight. It's not a quotable quote it's a news quote, a really old one. the entirety of the announcement has all the earmarks of someone who has gotten way too close to the subject and has lost their perspective on what is actually good.