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Cause of Aurora Borealis Confirmed

An anonymous reader writes "There are reports that satellites have aided scientists in confirming why the Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights) exists. 'New data from NASA's Themis mission, a quintet of satellites launched this winter, found the energy comes from a stream of charged particles from the sun flowing like a current through twisted bundles of magnetic fields connecting Earth's upper atmosphere to the sun. The energy is then abruptly released in the form of a shimmering display of lights.'"

31 of 172 comments (clear)

  1. The More Important Discovery by pln2bz · · Score: 5, Interesting
    The interesting new information is actually the following:

    "THEMIS encountered its first magnetic rope on May 20, 2007," says Sibeck. "It was very large, about as wide as Earth, and located approximately 40,000 miles above Earth's surface in a region called the magnetopause." The magnetopause is where the solar wind and Earth's magnetic field meet and push against one another like sumo wrestlers locked in combat. There, the rope formed and unraveled in just a few minutes, providing a brief but significant conduit for solar wind energy. Other ropes quickly followed: "They seem to occur all the time," says Sibeck.

    What happens within the laboratory with *electrical* plasmas is that the plasma will tend to form filaments of charged particles. It is a natural state of the plasma. Furthermore, multiple filaments will tend to possess long-range attraction and short-range repulsion with one another. In other words, they will twist around one another without fully combining. This can be observed by any layperson by looking closely at the point where your novelty plasma globe's filaments touch the glass. What appears as one filament from a distance is in fact two filaments twisting around one another like a rope that unwind with contact to glass. This roped structure within the laboratory constitutes a flow of charged particles, and as those charged particles move across the rope in response to voltage potentials, this flow of charged particles will in turn create helical magnetic fields around the filaments. Maxwell's Equations demand it.

    The observation of a roped magnetic structure connecting the Sun and Earth is extremely important because we know from our laboratory experiences with plasmas that rope-like structures occur when the plasma is electrical. I'm very curious what the response will be from the astrophysical community about this *structure*. Will they argue that the similarity in morphologies is actually coincidental?

    If so, somebody should share the talking points with NASA, because they appear to be off-message ...

    From http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/themis/auroras/northern_lights.html:

    "THEMIS also has observed a number of small explosions in Earth's magnetic bow shock. "The bow shock is like the bow wave in front of a boat," explained Sibeck. "It is where the solar wind first feels the effects of Earth's magnetic field. Sometimes a burst of electrical current within the solar wind will hit the bow shock and--Bang! We get an explosion."
    --
    "A man cannot begin to learn that which he thinks he already knows." --Epictetus, 1st Century A.D.
    1. Re:The More Important Discovery by Kagura · · Score: 3, Insightful

      So to sum up your entire post for those that come after me, you are saying "electric universe rules".

    2. Re:The More Important Discovery by pln2bz · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Every single person who doubts that this is more than coincidental can surely be excused for the sole reason that the implications are kind of hard to get a full handle on. It's really kind of shocking. But, it's important that people be aware of the possibility of Birkeland Currents in space, and even more, I think perhaps people should just accept that there is a distinct possibility that we just live in interesting times.

      --
      "A man cannot begin to learn that which he thinks he already knows." --Epictetus, 1st Century A.D.
    3. Re:The More Important Discovery by Shining+Celebi · · Score: 4, Funny

      Every single person who doubts that this is more than coincidental can surely be excused for the sole reason that the implications are kind of hard to get a full handle on. It's really kind of shocking.

      Why yes, I suppose it would be.

    4. Re:The More Important Discovery by mgmirkin · · Score: 4, Interesting

      "So to sum up your entire post for those that come after me, you are saying "electric universe rules"." -Kagura

      No, I think that what he's saying is something to the effect that this shouldn't be news to anybody, but the fact that it is happens to be disheartening.

      Specifically, Kristian Birkeland predicted this in his book Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition (section 2, I believe).

      Specifically, if one references the images contained in the book, things become clear quite quickly:
      Chapter VI: On Possible Electric Phenomena in Solar Systems and Nebulae

      Take, for instance, an extreme case of his terella in operation:
      Figure 259

      How do you like them "flux ropes?"

      This image hows the terella operating in a mode that exposes the electrical currents for what they are. In this shot, the currents are in "arc mode" (akin to sparks or lightning). Whereas the auroras around Earth are akin to a "glow mode" discharge. Birkeland currents in interplanetary space are a "dark mode" discharge (IE, not glowing, but still slowly transferring electric charges in a "dark" current, much like an electrical wire, but in this case a plasma filament). Look it up. Standard plasma physics.

      In essence, the solar system can be likened to a virtual "plasma globe." In the "plasma globe" model of the solar system, the sun is the central electrode. The planets are akin to people pressing their fingers to the outer glass because it's cool to watch the filaments connect to the spot you touch. The "magnetic flux ropes" are akin to the plasma filaments connecting the central electrode to the outer glass where fingers touch. The "magnetic flux ropes" are a byproduct of the electrical current (flow of charged particles) connecting the sun to the Earth.

      Here's a colorized version of a plasma globe I made for reference:
      Plasma globe "sun"

      So, yeah, it's something like that.

      I really wish it would let me put images in this thing. Ohh well, I said it better over on BAUT anyway (assuming they don't immediately MOD it out of existence, for being presumptuous enough to mention astronomers' apparent blindspot regarding electricity in space).

      Did I forget to mention NASA's own rather candid admission that there's an electrical link between the sun and the Earth? "Flux rope" pumps 650,000 Amp current into the arctic! (30 kV battery in space) (Noted on this page: Multimedia for the Press Event for THEMIS.)

      In all, what Pln2bz says is quite sage, and I suggest that we listen to him... Rather carefully. He may not be quite as "insane" as some think. It's quite necessary to review the argument based on its merits, and see where it leads. Might just turn science on its ear.

      After all, we've just re-learned that Birkeland currents power the magnetosphere. This was confirmed in t he 60s / 70s when we started shooting satellites into space, and it was predicted in the 1900s (appx 1902-1903 was when Birkeland went north; 1908 was when he published Norewgian Aurora Polaris Expedition, to great acclaim pretty much everywhere, except England and America, where an electrically neutral/sterile cosmology had already taken hold, unfortunately, setting us back a

      --
      "The purpose of science is to investigate the unexplained, not to explain the uninvestigated." ~Dr. Stephen Rorke
    5. Re:The More Important Discovery by mgmirkin · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Okay then...

      Here's a question for the astrophsycists, if they know of "things electric" (such as the Birkeland currents powering the auroras), has anyone drawn out the solar electric circuit(s)? If so, where are they diagrammed (can you point me to them, I'd love to see them, as they're never discussed in public; so far as I know)?

      If not, why not. If astrophysicists realize this is essentially an electrical engineering problem, why has it not been diagrammed as such and "solved," so to speak? Why do scientists and/or news releases always seem to exclaim surprise about all things electrical they discover in the solar system?

      Likewise, why do so many scientists, papers, and news releases still talk in terms of "winds," "rains," and "shock fronts," instead of Electrical Engineering terms like "plasma filaments," "Birkeland currents," "double layers," "closed circuits," "inductors," "capacitors," "relaxation oscillators," "plasma sheaths," "dark mode discharge" (Birkeland currents; while between the sun and Earth), "glow mode discharge" (auroras, sun's photosphere), "arc mode discharge" (lightning, solar prominences, coronal loops & flares), "anodes," "cathodes," etc.

      It seems like the astronomers' language is still rooted in terms from the Victorian era. Or is there just a language barrier between various disciplines and they're all just talking about the same things (in their own specialized terms)? If so, how do we get everyone to use the same language for the same things, so we can recognize the same things in the same ways, when talking between disciplines?

      Just wondering, please don't take offense. It's an interesting topic to me. =o]

      Maybe the EE's and astrophysicists just need to sit down at the same table (a really big table, with the best and brightest), compare notes on "how things work in the lab" vs. "how things work in space," and come up with a set of standard terms and definitions? Where they can't agree, perhaps more research is needed... Frankly, I think that such a "meeting of the minds to compare notes across multi-disciplinary lines" should be a yearly thing. If it doesn't already happen. Just to keep everyone on the same page.

      Cheers,
      ~Michael Gmirkin

      --
      "The purpose of science is to investigate the unexplained, not to explain the uninvestigated." ~Dr. Stephen Rorke
    6. Re:The More Important Discovery by aichpvee · · Score: 2, Funny

      I thought it was Dust...

      --
      The Farewell Tour II
    7. Re:The More Important Discovery by GreenLED · · Score: 2, Funny

      We're so smart, it took us, oh...
      "millions" of years to figure this
      out. Hmmm, if you figure that
      the earth has been around for
      6,000 years, that actually puts
      us in a better "light" -- we must
      be pretty stupid. I wonder how
      much longer it will take to figure
      out that it's impossible to throw
      a boat-load of random plane
      parts on a tarmark, come back
      5 billion years later and find out
      "It's A Plane!!!!!!" Om my goodness!

      Even video gamers realize you have
      to program a game before you can
      have fun playing it. :)

    8. Re:The More Important Discovery by jnik · · Score: 2, Informative
      If astrophysicists realize this is essentially an electrical engineering problem, why has it not been diagrammed as such

      Because it isn't essentially an electrical engineering problem. Fluid dynamics plays a major role. "Winds," "rains," and "shocks" are all fundamentally fluid dynamics concepts. BTW, this isn't an astrophysics field...we're space physicists. The lines are blurry--one space physicist in our department is doing heliospheric research, and one astrophysicist does a lot of work on magnetic processes (esp. magnetohydrodynamic shocks) beyond the solar system.

      We do talk about double layers (and the plasma mantle, and the low latitude boundary layer....), and Birkeland currents, and current closure. We use the terminology that seems best to describe the processes. Sometimes we really are talking about different things and that needs different terminology.

      There's a lot of crossover between lab plasma and space plasma research. One of the professors I work with started in fusion research; in the other direction, I know several space physicists who are doing lab work to try and pinpoint processes observed in space. As far as EE, these people build their own instruments. My advisor has dual appointments to astronomy and EE. We use Chen as one textbook.

      If you're really interested in the field, Kivelson and Russell is a pretty good introduction, written at roughly an advanced undergrad level (i.e. real E&M). It is getting a bit dated, though; AGU monographs are a decent source of semi-digested information. I do like the Cravens text for something a little meatier (IMO) than K&R, although less applied. Gurnett and Bhattacharjee is up to date and rigorous, but somewhat dense.

  2. Obviously by Mr+Bubble · · Score: 2, Interesting

    it's dust.

    --
    "The world is a construct of forceful imagination. Those who don't know walk around in the reailties of those who do"
    1. Re:Obviously by Walt+Dismal · · Score: 3, Funny
      You've RUINED my Christmas. I always thought it was Santa who caused the lights.

      Sincerely,

      Billy Widget, Age 8, Cleveland Ohio

      P.S. I bet you're going to tell me next that there is no Easter Bunny, storks don't deliver babies, and Microsoft sells flawless software. I'm not THAT dumb.

    2. Re:Obviously by zolaar · · Score: 2, Funny

      Did you ever stop to think that, maybe, Santa made the Sun? When Santa and the Y'ter Bunny (having returned to Santa seeking guidance from its "creator") merged consciousnesses and ascended to a higher plane of existence?

      As for your other assertions, I'll leave you with this: weiners make more than just pee-pee; Microsoft, on the other hand, doesn't.

      --
      One man's constant is another man's variable.
  3. It's TWUE! by interiot · · Score: 3, Funny

    I'm sure the electric universe guys will have a field day with this...

    1. Re:It's TWUE! by deft · · Score: 3, Funny

      "I'm sure the electric universe guys will have a field day with this..."

      I'd say they will have a magnetic field day with this one.

      --

      There's nothing Intelligent about Intelligent Design.
  4. What? by Jethro · · Score: 2, Funny

    I thought it was already well established that the aurora was caused by Santa's reindeer throwing up.

    --


    In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is kinky.
    1. Re:What? by bpsbr_ernie · · Score: 5, Funny

      I always thought it was fairy dust or glitter from the angels... obviously, I was wrong, its the sun farting in our general direction...

  5. Oblig. by Xinef+Jyinaer · · Score: 5, Funny

    Aurora Borealis? At this time of year? At this time of day? In this part of the country? Localized entirely within your kitchen?

    --
    Some days I just get bored and Troll post all the memes I can think of...
    1. Re:Oblig. by operagost · · Score: 3, Funny

      Mmm... steamed hams.

      --

      Gamingmuseum.com: Give your 3D accelerator a rest.
  6. at this time of year? by User+956 · · Score: 2, Funny

    There are reports that satellites have aided scientists in confirming why the Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights) exists. 'New data from NASA's Themis mission, a quintet of satellites launched this winter, found the energy comes from a stream of charged particles from the sun flowing like a current through twisted bundles of magnetic fields connecting Earth's upper atmosphere to the sun.

    That's not true at all. It happens when you're cooking steamed hams, and your kitchen catches on fire.

    --
    The theory of relativity doesn't work right in Arkansas.
  7. Yes, but what about the alternatives? by commisaro · · Score: 5, Funny

    What about the "Intelligent Twinkling" explanation? Scientists seem completely unwilling to even CONSIDER this possibility!

  8. And that means: by nofrak · · Score: 4, Funny

    We still know what we already knew. Tonight I can finally sleep easy!

  9. Not offtopic. Pop-culture humor. by StefanJ · · Score: 2, Informative

    By "dust," he means the mysterious substance that drives the powers-that-be of Phillip Pullman's "His Dark Materials" trilogy to distraction. And it's the cause of the Northern Lights in that alternate universe.

    The first book of the trilogy -- known as "The Golden Compass" in the U.S. and "The Northern Lights" in Britain -- opened in theaters last week.

  10. Re:Okay... by MobileTatsu-NJG · · Score: 5, Insightful

    "We've confirmed a theory that was already pretty well accepted as being fact."

    Way to understate the importance of confirming theories. Heh.

    --

    "I like to lick butts!" by MobileTatsu-NJG (#32700246) (Score:5, Informative)

  11. Nonsense. by Moofie · · Score: 4, Funny

    It's Dust.

    Where's MY Panserbjørne?

    --
    Why yes, I AM a rocket scientist!
  12. So let me get this straight by 427_ci_505 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    We've always hypothesized this, but just got evidence/confirmation?

    Or am I misinterpreting it here?

    (I was about to tag this as being very old news before this).

  13. Re:Okay... by TapeCutter · · Score: 2, Insightful

    "Well, of course no "proven" theory has later been found to wrong either has it?"

    Strike two, equate science and proof again and your outta here!

    Climate change: Did you fall for the "science has nothing to do with consenus" meme?

    Cold fusion: Rejected as a worthwhile inquiry since after a lot of attempts nobody has been able to confirm the original finding.

    --
    And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
  14. Happy Birthday by plasmana · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Happy Birthday Kristian Birkeland. 140 years old today! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkeland_current

  15. lyrics by grayNOISEeffect · · Score: 3, Funny

    "flowing like a current through twisted bundles of magnetic fields"

    Aren't those the lyrics to some 90s trance song?

  16. Re:Zonk - WTF-Over? by zolaar · · Score: 2, Funny

    Ooh, yeesh... buddy, hate to be the one to break it to you... "science" class got cut from your kids' school's budget back about... well, about two or three years after the Beijing Wall came down and Germany finally gave up Communalism in favor of Christianity...

    Yeah, I know, bummer.

    Would it make you feel better to know that, once a week, we show the kids our HD-DVDs of "Smarter Than A 5th Grader - Season 1"? We feel that seeing another child succeed on television helps develop a child's positive self-image. An incredibly handy attribute when you're standing in the unemployment line.

    --
    One man's constant is another man's variable.
  17. This is the way it's supposed to work by hyades1 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    An excellent example of how science is supposed to get done.

    We think we know. We're pretty sure we know. We're damned sure we know and nobody's even close to providing a better explanation. Alright.....this is how it is; take it to the bank. (But we'll still give you a hearing if you have convincing proof something else is happening. You'd better have a testable hypothesis, though).

    The method isn't perfect, but it spits out right answers more often than anything else.

    --
    I've calculated my velocity with such exquisite precision that I have no idea where I am.
  18. OT: Climate Change by zippthorne · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Climate Change "No Consensus": That is a pretty bad meme. Obviously, lay people have little more to go on that the "consensus" of the body of work. Unfortunately, the consensus wrt Climate Change formed way before the measurements were sufficient to really say anything, and became entangled in political discourse as a result. (or maybe as the cause)

    Either way, it is now extremely difficult to separate the good science from the bad, especially for lay people, as the consensus in that field was tainted. Even if the Scientists themselves hadn't gotten involved in the politics, the various very-loud-groups have been squawking and over hyping the preliminary results to further their half-baked utopian ideas.

    Many are using the "Well, even if we're not sure, don't you think it would be a good idea to take action just in case?" argument and then proposing action that would be akin to starting a course of radical chemotherapy on the advice of a team of chiropractors. Others are demanding Action! Now! Then starting companies to do something known to be ineffective and changing nothing about their own lives, even to the point of flying around by private jet to deliver a powerpoint presention partially about the dangers of wastefully burning fuel by flying private jets. Almost as if they really don't believe what they're saying, and are just cynically using it as a political springboard or worse, as hype for modern indulgences scams.

    I think what you're seeing, with a lot of the so-called "deniers," is the natural lash-back against a very real hysteria which, in the absence of sufficient critical ability to make impassioned arguments for moderation based on the real data, which again, is itself sometimes difficult to trust, has latched onto whatever arguments it finds, however specious. Certainly there is some wisdom in being skeptical of any consensus when it has a real effect on how you live your life.

    --
    Can you be Even More Awesome?!