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Hyper-Entangled Photons — 'Superdense' Coding Gets Denser

ScienceDaily is reporting that researchers at the University of Illinois have broken the record for most information sent via a single photon using the direction of "wiggling" and "twisting" a pair of entangled photons. "Using linear elements, however, the standard protocol is fundamentally limited to convey only one of three messages, or 1.58 bits. The new experiment surpasses that threshold by employing pairs of photons entangled in more ways than one (hyper-entangled). As a result, additional information can be sent and correctly decoded to achieve the full power of dense coding."

72 comments

  1. Tangled? by ke5aux · · Score: 2, Funny

    Great, now come and untangle my brain cells.

  2. The full power of dense coding? by stratjakt · · Score: 0

    So they're using slashcode?

    --
    I don't need no instructions to know how to rock!!!!
  3. All I got to say is... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    whuh?

  4. Nothing new here by schklerg · · Score: 5, Funny

    Sorry about this, but... People have been getting entangled by "wiggling" and "twisting" for a long time now.

    --
    Be Excellent To Each Other
  5. dense coding? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    I've seen my share of dense coding in my time as well.

    1. Re:dense coding? by andreyvul · · Score: 1

      By dense code, do you mean code written:
      1) in assembler
      2) by idiots
      3) by idiots in assembler
      4) for IOCCC
      5) for JAPH contests
      6) for JAPH contests which generates valid IOCCC code
      ?

      --
      proud caffeine whore
  6. Hyperentagled Students by Galaga88 · · Score: 5, Funny

    I work in a college library and I can vouch that pairs of students who get hyperentangled in the study rooms or on one of our couches certainly seem to be capable of carrying much less information than non-entangled students.

    1. Re:Hyperentagled Students by Loconut1389 · · Score: 1

      hey, I'm using my free hand to type you insensitive clod! Now, I need that hand back.

    2. Re:Hyperentagled Students by blair1q · · Score: 5, Funny

      The entangled ones are exchanging terabits of information. Of course, only the sum of 26 chromosomes - and only half of those from each source, will be persistent, and then only if neither has employed a firewall. But the resulting code will be a self-replicating automaton, which will eventually grow to occupy all of its parent objects' manageable resources.

      Let's see a couple of photons do that.

    3. Re:Hyperentagled Students by Trigun · · Score: 2

      You're just not waiting long enough. One of them eventually may carry twice as much information, at least for a while*

      *Depending on how liberal the college is

    4. Re:Hyperentagled Students by kalirion · · Score: 2, Funny

      I suggest you videotape the phenomenon and publish it online so that slashdot scientists can perform an in depth study of the hyperentanglement properties.

    5. Re:Hyperentagled Students by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It seems to involve lots of wiggling and twisting - fascinating!

    6. Re:Hyperentagled Students by mooingyak · · Score: 1

      It's been done:

      Captured on film

      --
      William of Ockham had no beard. The most likely explanation is that it was chewed off by squirrels every morning.
    7. Re:Hyperentagled Students by kalirion · · Score: 1

      Hmm, seems to be about as NSFW as an onion article can get....

    8. Re:Hyperentagled Students by evanbd · · Score: 2, Funny
    9. Re:Hyperentagled Students by 26199 · · Score: 1

      That is a matter of opinion, I think.

    10. Re:Hyperentagled Students by DeadDecoy · · Score: 1

      Technically, if you don't count redundant information, that data fits on a CD. You could probably check out the NCBI ftp site to verify.

  7. Just reverse it already! by torchdragon · · Score: 4, Funny

    "They then encode a message in the polarization state by applying birefringent phase shifts with a pair of liquid crystals." Just say you reversed the polarity! We've been waiting to hear it for decades now. Just come out and say it already! Enough of the cock teasing. This is science damn it, I want my compensator. I want to flux my capacitors!

    --
    "Don't feel bad for me child; I'm the monster that hides under your bed."
    1. Re:Just reverse it already! by andreyvul · · Score: 1

      I want to flux my capacitors! You do that during soldering, dumbass. Get a $20 Weller and flux your capacitors all night long. You do flux before soldering, right?
      --
      proud caffeine whore
    2. Re:Just reverse it already! by qudit · · Score: 1

      They didn't just change the polarisation (polarity). A qubit can be more than just reversed, you can change the phase between the two "polarities".

    3. Re:Just reverse it already! by evilviper · · Score: 1

      Enough of the cock teasing. [...] I want to flux my capacitors!

      What you do behind closed doors is your own business...

      --
      Slashdot gets worse every day... Pipedot: News for nerds, without the corporate slant
  8. superdense alright by circletimessquare · · Score: 2, Funny

    superdense

    that's how i feel after reading that summary

    1.58 bits?

    wtf?

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
    1. Re:superdense alright by blueg3 · · Score: 5, Informative

      They just mean that their objects can encode one of three states. The amount of information, in "bits", a state encodes is log2(number of possible states), and log2(3) ~= 1.58. By the same token, a single decimal digit stores 3.32 bits.

  9. Re:This should help by unchiujar · · Score: 2, Informative

    Do not click.
    Link contains shock site.

    --
    Shakespeare poems - infinite monkeys with infinite time.Computer tech support - a few trained ones working from 9 to 5.
  10. 2 photons, not one? by inputdev · · Score: 2, Insightful

    If it takes an entangled pair to send 1.58 bits then it doesn't sound better than 1 bit per photon. Can anyone explain?

    1. Re:2 photons, not one? by Diss+Champ · · Score: 1

      Presumably, one would only need to send one from the entangled pair, not both.

    2. Re:2 photons, not one? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The idea is that you and I share a pair of entangled photons, I perform one of four possible measurements on my particle and then send that single particle to you. You then perform a measurement with four possible outcomes on the two particles, the outcome of this measurement therfore provides log base 2 of 4 i.e. 2 bits of information to you. The method is called dense coding because without the entanglement between the particles I could only have communicated at most 1 bit of information to you after we agree on a particular polarisation directions to stand for `0' and `1'. Adding entanglement means I can send 2 bits to you with a single particle whereas before I could only send one.

    3. Re:2 photons, not one? by inputdev · · Score: 1

      That sounds good, but it still requires that someone send the first 'entangled' photon to the other, so there are two photons being transmitted. I can see it being a powerful 'secure' channel, but not really more dense.

  11. WARNING! by Naughty+Bob · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The above link will shred your windows boxen, mod down a lot!

    --
    "Be light, stinging, insolent and melancholy"
  12. thanks ;-) by circletimessquare · · Score: 5, Funny

    THAT i understood ;-)

    now i only have have 36 more questions before i completely understand the story summary... :-P

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
    1. Re:thanks ;-) by argent · · Score: 1

      39, you can fit 3 radix-50 characters in a 16-bit word.

  13. To Infinity and Beyond! by headkase · · Score: 2, Interesting

    The Nobel prize frequency needs to be updated. Once a year used to be fine but now they could give out a prize once a week and still have deserving people go unnoticed. I suppose in another decade they could be giving it out every day. Singularity here we come!

    --
    Shh.
    1. Re:To Infinity and Beyond! by Ryukotsusei · · Score: 1

      But then in another decade the criteria for what is prize-worthy will have changed drastically.

    2. Re:To Infinity and Beyond! by headkase · · Score: 1

      Changing the goalposts to include things that are of a greater magnitude of amazing does not diminish those things that previously would have been a breakthrough. 365 straight days of achievements that used to occur once a year remains an unimaginable way to live through time.

      --
      Shh.
  14. ugh... by slew · · Score: 4, Informative

    First off, isn't this rehashed news from 2005?

    Secondly, why did they have to change the word polarization to "wiggling"? As if lay people didn't know the word polarized from experience with their sunglasses.

    Perhaps I'll concede that calling orbital angular momentum to "twisting" may be a reasonable twisting of the terminology, although in earlier papers they refer to "spiraling" or "cork-screw" which seems like a much better scientific-speak-transliteration to me...

    1. Re:ugh... by kmac06 · · Score: 1

      No. That was on hyperentanglement, not dense coding. This is on using hyperentanglement to implement dense coding.

    2. Re:ugh... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      First, I'm afraid it isn't rehashed news. They now show a quantum communication protocol performing better.
      Second, I suppose some news get a twist by wiggling the words around. That doesn't harm anyone.

  15. Use some imagination by WarJolt · · Score: 1
    "atmospheric turbulence can cause some of the quantum states to easily decohere, thus limiting their likely communication application to satellite-to-satellite transmissions."

    Perhaps I just found a new use for my vacuum cleaner.

    I never underestimate how creative scientists can be. I'm sure we will find some terrestrial uses.

    1. Re:Use some imagination by qudit · · Score: 1

      Satellites already communicate with each other. Ah! I get it, you don't have a satellite... sorry to hear that.

  16. Big Bow Tie by Aerri · · Score: 1

    If you click on the link, the article is basically a series of long quotes from Paul Kwiat, whose Quantum Physics class I *just* recently completed. He is pretty much the coolest teacher ever. He started the course off with a movie about quantum physics he put together himself, set to the theme song of Star Trek: TNG. Every day he wears suspenders and a huge bow tie. This is so cool. Who says good researchers have to be crappy professors?

    1. Re:Big Bow Tie by yellowalienbaby · · Score: 1

      Suspenders?

      I think we need some internationalization here. I'm guessing these aren't the kind of suspenders that hold up Stockings?

      --
      Darwin Hawking Blackmore
  17. Re:This should help by Idiomatick · · Score: 3, Funny

    This poster needs to be banned badly. He keeps posting malicious links.

  18. Dense Coding? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Now I can have an excuse!

  19. Dense coding reached full power... by quonsar · · Score: 1

    ...with the release of IE6.

  20. Re:This should help by shentino · · Score: 1

    First you display goatse stuff, and then you lock up my box so I can't close the window.

    you are scum.

  21. Isn't the information per photon arbitrary? by gregor-e · · Score: 2, Informative

    Seems to me that angle isn't quantized. Therefore, the amount of information that one can encode on a single photon is only limited by our ability to encode and decode the angle at which a photon is traveling. Given the ability to measure the angle of a photon down to, oh, something on the order of 10e-34 radians or so, one should have no problem transmitting multiple yottabytes on a single photon.

    1. Re:Isn't the information per photon arbitrary? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Uh. It may seem that way to you, but I guarantee it's quantised by at at least radius-of-universe / planck-length - think about it, it is physically impossible to measure an angle smaller than that.

    2. Re:Isn't the information per photon arbitrary? by caramelcarrot · · Score: 1

      Except you have to choose a basis along which to perform your measurement - and only one, due to the uncertainty principle (the non-commutating nature of the quantum operators involved), so you can only get "up" or "down" (or some other number of states, given the system)

    3. Re:Isn't the information per photon arbitrary? by Naughty+Bob · · Score: 1

      but I guarantee it's quantized by at at least radius-of-universe / planck-length
      Aw shucks. And there we were thinking that we might be able to transmit a large amount of info...
      --
      "Be light, stinging, insolent and melancholy"
    4. Re:Isn't the information per photon arbitrary? by QuantumFTL · · Score: 2, Informative

      Given the ability to measure the angle of a photon down to, oh, something on the order of 10e-34 radians or so, one should have no problem transmitting multiple yottabytes on a single photon.
      Looks like someone didn't take their Quantum class before posting! Shame on you!

      Before a photon's polarization is measured, it exists as a wavefunction expressable as a linear combination of eigenstates for a given polarization operator. After being measured, its state is only one eigenstate of the particular polarization operator used (what laymen might call "parallel" or "perpendicular"). There is no way to measure the "exact" polarization of a photon - indeed quantum theory says it does not have one, save for the exact moment of being measured (when it is "collapsed" or whatever you wish to call it) when it takes on a single eigenstate, defined by the measuring apparatus.

      There are other operators with potentially infinite numbers of eigenstates, and provided you could find one with a large number of eigenstates at attainable energies, you might be able to do as you suggest. But as for polarization, sorry it's fundamentally limited.
    5. Re:Isn't the information per photon arbitrary? by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

      I had a similar thought with regard to energy (frequency, wavelength). Send the incoming photon through a prism to separate various energy levels out to many discrete detectors. I suppose there's some limitation set by quantum efects, but it seems to me 8 or 10 bits should not be too dificult theoretically.

      --
      Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
  22. Ansibles by Iowan41 · · Score: 1

    We now just have to do it with tangible particles then put half on MSL and half in JPL, measure the states, and alter the states, for elimination of information transmission times, drive the rover at real-time speed.

  23. No by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    There is no magic box you can feed a photon into and get out its angle of polarization. Roughly speaking, what you can do is choose a pair of perpendicular directions, say up-down and left-right, and ask which direction the photon is polarized in. If the photon is polarized in an in-between direction, you have some probability of getting either result.

  24. Star Trek correlation by zcsteele · · Score: 1

    I'm surprised nobody's mentioned it yet, but Star Trek computers were supposedly based on a Ternary number system - each element could be in one of three possible states.

    --
    ...brand new, all over again.
  25. Re:This should help by AmigaMMC · · Score: 1

    DO NOT CLICK THAT LINK. Look at URL and you'll see that it's the same old one that takes control of your browser and drops a virus in the system. Also forces your browser to open pop-up (so much for disabling them) with children pornography and violent scenes. I hope that guy gets caught, thrown in jail and the key thrown away.

  26. So by Dunbal · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    Does this mean we'll be getting our porn even faster?

    --
    Seven puppies were harmed during the making of this post.
  27. Why not? by HughJJorgan · · Score: 1

    Actually, my question is more like: Why couldn't we encode a theoretically infinite number of states by using the wavelength of the photon? Say for example you fix 445nm as the start point, and 476nm as the end point, and say that every additional nm of wavelength = 1 decimal number? Then you have 32 potential states, or 5 bits in a single photon. If every half-nm were a wavelength then you have 6 bits, and so on and so forth. There is obviously a hole in my reasoning here -- what exactly is it? What is it about wavelength that is no good for encoding information?

    1. Re:Why not? by caramelcarrot · · Score: 1

      You've just described FM radio, which has a finite data rate dependant on bandwidth.

    2. Re:Why not? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The wavelength of the photon is directly related to its momentum, so if you know the photon is inside your detector, you can't know its momentum (and thus wavelength) to arbitrary precision, by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.

    3. Re:Why not? by qudit · · Score: 1

      Wavelength is as good for encoding. Current communications using fiber optics do something like that. The hyper-entangled photons trick was to transmit almost 2 bits by encoding on a binary property of one of the photons... which classically can only encode one bit.

    4. Re:Why not? by HughJJorgan · · Score: 1

      If that's the case, why quibble over a few fractions of a bit when so many more bits can be encoded with the wavelength? Each individual photon has a wavelength property, right?

    5. Re:Why not? by kmac06 · · Score: 1

      The polarization qubit can be changed quite easily without destroying the entanglement. It is not so simple to do so with wavelength.

  28. Re:This should help by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How on earth did that mess up my computer so badly? I'm using Safari 3.1 in Windows 2003 and it it still fucked me up--dozens of gay porn windows, telnet sessions popping up doing god knows what, dozens of skype and AIM programs starting to run. How did he do it, and is my computer compromised?

  29. Re:This should help by palegray.net · · Score: 1

    I just emailed the staff at Slashdot about that "Anonymous Coward" asshole. I'm sure that account will be removed any minute now!

  30. So SETI is focusing on the wrong thing? by ibsteve2u · · Score: 1, Insightful

    This bizarre coupling can link two photons, even if they are located on opposite sides of the galaxy.
    Should be looking for the other ends of linked proton pairs instead of monitoring the noise in the electromagnetic spectrum, eh?
    --
    Orwell: "In a Time of Universal Deceit, telling the Truth is a Revolutionary Act"
  31. Re:Base 3 Data Storage by Ox0065 · · Score: 1

    So what do you call the base unit of data in a base three system? Clearly bits doesn't cut it. Is this one of those quantum things like 'as the amount of data in a base 3 system becomes known in base 2, then the chances of knowing how or why to do anything useful with the data exponentially approaches 0

    --
    thx e
  32. Re:Base 3 Data Storage by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So what do you call the base unit of data in a base three system?

    My suggestion would be 'tit'...

  33. Re:Base 3 Data Storage by blueg3 · · Score: 1

    You call it whatever you want, I suppose. The general term is a digit (for any base). But you just convert base-2 numbers into base-3 for communication, and then back -- similar to how a computer converts our base-10 numbers into binary before using them.

  34. Very simple: by GameboyRMH · · Score: 1

    Zero represented in two bits: 00

    Zero represented in 1.58 bits: 0C

    --
    "When information is power, privacy is freedom" - Jah-Wren Ryel
  35. Re:Base 3 Data Storage by FuzzyDaddy · · Score: 1

    I thought the same thing a half second before I read your comment...

    --
    It's not wasting time, I'm educating myself.