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Florida Judge Smacks Down RIAA

NewYorkCountryLawyer writes "The RIAA is going to have to face the music in Tampa, Florida, and answer the charges of extortion, trespass, conspiracy, unlicensed investigation, and computer fraud and abuse that have been leveled against them there. And the judge delivered his ruling against them in in pretty unceremonious fashion — receiving their dismissal motion last night, and denying the motion this morning. The RIAA's unvarying M.O., when hit with counterclaims, is to make a motion to dismiss them. It did just that in one Tampa case, UMG v. Del Cid, but the judge upheld 5 of the 6 counterclaims. The RIAA quickly settled that one. When a new case came up in the same Tampa courthouse before the very same judge, and the same 5 counterclaims were leveled against the record companies, I opined that 'it is highly unlikely that the RIAA will make a motion to dismiss counterclaims,' since I knew they'd be risking sanctions if they did. Well I guess I underestimated the chutzpah — or the propensity for frivolous motion practice — of the RIAA lawyers, as they in essence thumbed their nose at the judge, making the dismissal motion anyway, telling District Judge Richard A. Lazzara that his earlier decision had been wrong. The judge wasted no time telling the record companies that he did not agree (PDF)."

30 of 301 comments (clear)

  1. Pfft... by geminidomino · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Call me when Boyer refuses to settle and we finally get a decision on this.

    Until then, BFD.

  2. In the End, It Doesn't Matter by CWRUisTakingMyMoney · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The problem is, the RIAA can get sued and convicted into oblivion, but all the RIAA is is a shell corp for the big record companies. The record companies themselves won't have to answer for this, and if RIAA is legally forced under, the record companies will just make another shell corp to cover their asses. This will only truly matter when someone sues the record companies themselves.

    --
    Those who anthropomorphize science and/or nature already believe in an intelligent designer.
    1. Re:In the End, It Doesn't Matter by Stanislav_J · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Copyright appears to be largely unenforceable on pseudo-anonymous networks, due in part to the difficulty of gathering evidence on these networks. This will only lead to the members of the RIAA buying stronger laws which either allow a suit for weaker evidence, or allow seizure of computer equipment in order to gather evidence of copyright infringement. In the latter case, such a law is already making its way through the congressional process.

      And who is going to do the actual "seizing" of the equipment? Feds? Local gendarmes? (I can imagine that will go over big in some jurisdictions.....devoting time and manpower to seizing some geek's equipment for sharing music...) What happens if no infringing material is found? (A real possibility given some of the RIAA's other faux pas in the past.) Can the victim turn around and sue them? Will this be like the seizure/forfeiture laws under the War on Drugs in which they take your assets on the merest suspicion, then if you are not guilty, you have to jump through 197 legal hoops to even have the remotest hope of getting your stuff back?

      I'm waiting for someone in guvmint to start making the argument that sharing copyrighted music is a terrorist act intended to undermine the economy of the U.S. Then they'd also get to use the Patriot Act, warrantless wiretapping, and all those other fun tools to nail file sharers to the wall.....Yes, postulating that scenario should by all rights be a sign of disturbed paranoia, but the way things are going.....

      --
      "Every great cause begins as a movement, becomes a business, and eventually degenerates into a racket." -- Eric Hoffer
    2. Re:In the End, It Doesn't Matter by Trailer+Trash · · Score: 2, Insightful

      These cases always involve the individual record companies.

    3. Re:In the End, It Doesn't Matter by monxrtr · · Score: 5, Insightful

      This will only lead to the members of the RIAA buying stronger laws which either allow a suit for weaker evidence, or allow seizure of computer equipment in order to gather evidence of copyright infringement. Good, let 'em try and do that as it will only lead to a total legal systemic meltdown, playing right into the hands of total copyright abolitionists. Governments have computers connected to the internet too. So too do businesses like the RIAA.

      Remember, absolutely everything creative is copyrighted, and it would be extremely easy to open a floodgate of tens of millions of copyright trolls. This is why Congress will see the light sooner than later, because the RIAA business model mass adopted could and would literally shut down commerce in the US. Politicians will be exposed to the same liability as consumers.

      The RIAA is *losing* because the laws are being fought with laws. And it's utter business suicide to be playing with $150,000 per violation statutory fines against 200,000,000 people who hate your guts.

      You know how fucked the RIAA is going to be if they ever mistakenly copy somebody's critical commentary file and attempt to sue for that file? Or it will happen if one of their artists like Bob Dylan plagiarizes lyrics from a novel about the yakuza. All their computers are going to be seized and examined in countersuits. I'm surprised there isn't already a 20 year backlog on examination of RIAA computers from one defense to another. Hell, just routinely make countersuit motion for the seizure and examination of all computers used in the original gathering of evidence. Defense has a right to examine the programs for mistaken identity. And speedy trial requirement will eliminated 90% of the cases due to discovery backlogs on RIAA computer equipment. Governments copying the data of travelers entering the USA are going to have their computers seized for copyright infringement discovery purposes as well. Are you willing to let the US Government copy your files at $150,000 per file copied compensation?

      Constitutional immunity for government agencies and businesses like the RIAA will be impossible. Congress will wise up and realize the more they attack the privacy of individual citizens the more they will be attacking their own privacy as well. And people like that have a helluva lot more dirty secrets and a helluva lot more assets to pay fines without declaring bankruptcy.

      This is a matter of Civil Law which is already well beyond unconstitutional. Further strengthening unconstitutional law will just hasten the inevitable end, especially when every citizen can privately track isp addresses and embarrass politicians by exposing their children's downloading and internet surfing activities. At that time, such RIAA investigative practices will be shut down faster than you can say how to catch a pedofile.

      The internet is a giant P2P program. Nothing can be seen, heard, tracked, or logged without by definition mass copying the entire internet. Allowing suits on weaker evidence will just open trillions and trillions and trillions of dollars of legal liability. The only way the RIAA could win is if the internet was shut down. And that's not going to happen when the GDP of business interests not the content industries dwarfs dying businesses like the RIAA.
      --
      "From DNA to P2P, we are all Copycats now. Go Go Copycat Power! Copycat Powers activate! Form of, a Copycat." --monxrtr
    4. Re:In the End, It Doesn't Matter by Eivind · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It is -certainly- unenforcable in a free state. (as in not a police state)

      Copying a file is a utterly trivial operation with todays technology, to the point where Grandma will do it in a split-second without even thinking about it. It's -literally- something you can do (and typically do) by moving your fingers a few cm, pretty close to the smallest effort imaginable. Distributing a file, let's say by emailing it to a friend, is equally trivial and common.

      Both are things you can do (and typically do) in your own home.

      This single fact is (imho) the best argument against current copyright-legislation; by nessecity we need to EITHER accept that a huge part of copying is simply unenforcable (and undiscoverable), OR we need to enact a extreme police-state. (to the point where the state would -discover- that the file you email your girlfriend -today- is a picture that is copyright someone else whereas the one you sent yesterday was a photo you yourself took.)

      This is -MUCH- to high a price to pay for an activity that causes no direct harm. It may cause -INDIRECT- harm in lessening intensives for creation of new works, the jury is still out on this, but it certainly causes no DIRECT harm. Nobody is any worse off 1 second -after- you email that mp3 to your girlfriend than they where 1 second -before- you did it.

      We should stimulate creativity. We should even do it MORE than we do today. But the method currently employed, copyright, is simply obsolete.

  3. Re:More pro-piracy bullshit by houstonbofh · · Score: 5, Insightful

    (Quoted for when the OP is modded -1 Troll a few times...)
    from your local friend of thieves always peddling his dubious services here at slashdot, where the people who make the movies we watch are scum, and the people who think the world owes them a living a welcome. Stop fucking stealing and you wont need the services of the ambulance chasing dick who submits all this biased bullshit.

    I would submit that all the false positives that the RIAA has ensnared were not protected by being innocent. Defending yourself from a wrongful prosecution is very expensive in this country. A fact that the RIAA uses to its advantage.

  4. Re:I'm curious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I've known some lawyers who talked about the degree of animosity that exists between lawyers and judges.

    A lawyer spends several decades suffering various forms of abuse and condescension at the hands of the judges he/she faces with every case ... then by the time their turn comes to sit on the bench, they are so thoroughly bitter and full of spite they simply can't wait to unload gallons of the same kind of poison on the next batch of lawyers who come in front of them.

  5. Enough already!!! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Every other article on any tech website is about the copyright abuse, especially by the *AA. How much will it take for people to actually stop buying CDs and stop feeding and outdated business model?
    http://www.wired.com/entertainment/music/magazine/16-01/ff_byrne

  6. Re:Pop quiz for you litigation buffs out there by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Exactly. Judges, for the most part, are not idiots - and big city lawyers who roll into smaller jurisdictions often forget who runs the show.

  7. Re:chutzpah? by nuzak · · Score: 5, Insightful

    > Could the lawyers involved be disbarred?

    No.

    > Could anybody actually see the inside of a cell over this?

    No.

    Not even sanctions. Really. Seriously, people, I know you've all been whipped into a frenzy and want to see the public executions of every spouse and child of every clerk and paralegal of every law firm who's ever done business with the RIAA, but all that happened was that the plaintiffs made a useless motion, and the judge gave it the due consideration it deserved, which was nothing. Trust me when I say that no baby seals were clubbed in the process.

    If anything, UMG should be pissed that their legal team phoned it in when it came to this motion. These are pretty serious counterclaims and they don't appear to be taking them seriously. Hubris does that I guess.

    --
    Done with slashdot, done with nerds, getting a life.
  8. Re:More pro-piracy bullshit by slashname3 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You are correct. Innocence is no defense. While you may be presumed innocent until proven guilty the simple fact that you have been pulled into court before a judge and charged with a crime leaves a an indelible stench of guilt on you.

    I recently listened to a defense attorney spend considerable time schooling potential members of a jury in the difference between innocence and not guilt. He apparently was going for the not guilty verdict even though his client participated in the car jacking willingly. Most amazing speech I had heard in a long time. I think he was actually going to argue that his client just went along due to peer pressure and wanted to fit in.

    I learned a long time ago that in the court room the judge and attorneys involved are not interested in the truth, the facts, or with dispensing justice. They are there to tell a story and put on an act to convince the jury that their side is telling a better story than the other side.

    It reminds me a lot of survivor at the end where the remaining contestants tell a story to convince everyone in the jury to vote them the money.

  9. Re:Pop quiz for you litigation buffs out there by slashname3 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    It's a trick question!

    The actual answer in all cases is (e).

    (e) The lawyer gets to bill an excessive amount for generating some paper work and having lunch with the judge. He then goes to his $2.4 million dollar home in his brand new BMW and sleep with his trophy wife and later on in the week sleep with his mistress.

    Lawyer's don't care if their motions are granted or not, they only care if they can bill for the time.

  10. IANAL, but... by jd · · Score: 3, Insightful
    (yeah, all posts are, so what's new?)

    First, I think the RIAA lawyers are probably doing nothing different from any lawyer - trying to get as many suits dismissed as possible, so they only have to argue the smallest subset possible. I can understand such a philosophy, when time is money, there's a pressure to get quick results, judgements are worse publicity than accusations, and so on. That is probably more a function of the legal system and the American attitude to high-pressure living/working than the RIAA.

    Second, if a motion is frivolous, the judge should be doing more than just wagging a finger. Abuse of legitimate procedures devalues those procedures for others, as it increases the likelihood of judges in future regarding all such motions in a more hostile light. The judicial system does not just have a responsibility for those who stand before it today, but a responsibility for all who may ever stand before it, which means that there should be subtle encouragement of motions which are plausible (even if they are ultimately dismissed) and an unsubtle discouragement of motions which cannot possibly be construed as reasonable.

    It would be interesting if the courts had greater powers (within reasonable bounds) to deal with contempt of court and any other abuse of court procedures, and a greater willingness to use those powers when lawyers or clients go beyond mere over-enthusiasm to being out of control. It wouldn't need to be severe. A compulsary psychiatric evaluation would be interesting, as it conveys all kinds of messages (real and imagined) about those who try to twist things.

    I also think that some sort of staggered system, where you have a first round of aggressive fact-finding that feeds into a second round trial system, would help avoid the problem, the idea being that dismissal or whatever doesn't have any meaning until after the facts have been established, and accusatory systems are not very good at establishing facts, they're too busy constructing theories, but fact-finding missions are very bad at establishing context. Hence the need for both in a way that doesn't lend one to distract from the other.

    The SCO/IBM case demonstrates a lot of what I'm talking about - a lot of the hold-ups and confusion was caused by wild speculation and insinuation, a lot of the useful stuff was done by establishing the groundwork, and all of this was before any actual trial had taken place. It would seem to follow that tuning the system according to experiences of what has been effective is better than maintaining a multi-millenia-old method that has acquired a lot of cruft and could do with some refactoring and bugfixing.

    --
    It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
  11. Re:Defendants not even asked! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    "...is trying the same thing repeatedly and expecting different results."

    With almost limitless resources you can try the same tired old arguments with the hopes you will get a different result from someone asleep at the wheel -- the positive results of that one difference outweigh the penalties.

    It's not insanity, it's strategy -- your resources beat the other's, it has nothing to do with the argument or strength thereof.

  12. Re:More pro-piracy bullshit by snowraver1 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I learned a long time ago that in the court room the judge and attorneys involved are not interested in the truth, the facts, or with dispensing justice. They are there to tell a story and put on an act to convince the jury that their side is telling a better story than the other side.


    Not quite, the Lawyer and Procecutor are each telling thier side. The prosecutor goes first and tries to make the defendant seem like the most vile person ever to walk the earth. Then it's the Lawyer's turn to make the defendant look like an angel and to make the procesutor look like he doesn't know anything.

    Many people at this point would think that this is silly, and nothing more than a show. It was always put to me this way: It's not a lawyers job to determine if thier client is innocent or not, that is the judge/jury's job. The lawyers job is to put the defendant in the best possible light, and to ensure that a fair trial is being conducted.
    --
    Copyright 2010. All rights reserved. This comment may not be copied in any way including, but not limited to caching.
  13. Re:Defendants not even asked! by Chris+Burke · · Score: 4, Insightful

    As Keith Olbermann reminds viewers of "Countdown" regularly, the technical definition of "insanity" is trying the same thing repeatedly and expecting different results.

    That "definition" has always bothered me, as I would find those considered "sane" under that definition to be extremely crazy themselves.

    How crazy would you have to be to think that your previous actions would have no impact on future attempts?

    If you swung an axe at a door and made a small chip, which would be more insane: Thinking that the next or subsequent blow would put the blade entirely through the door, or thinking that you could swing the axe at the door all day and do nothing but make small cuts?

    It is very rare in real life that a certain event has the "memoryless" property (i.e. the outcome is based only on that event, not on the outcome of any previous events). That's a special case, not the general rule.

    Look at this case. They tried the same thing, and got a different result: Their motion was dismissed even more rapidly than before. If they keep trying this, it is highly unlikely that the outcome would be the same each time; eventually they would be found in contempt. Judges in particular do not often suffer from being "memoryless". :)

    --

    The enemies of Democracy are
  14. Re:Defendants not even asked! by mlwmohawk · · Score: 3, Insightful

    As Keith Olbermann reminds viewers of "Countdown" regularly, the technical definition of "insanity" is trying the same thing repeatedly and expecting different results.

    That isn't really a very good definition, unless everyone is insane. Even though coined by Benjamin Franklin, it completely defines many "normal" behaviors.

    Rolling dice
    Slot machines
    Voting
    Dating
    Software Debugging
    New Year's resolutions
    Answering the phone

  15. Preaching to the Choir by grahamd0 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    We on Slashdot already quit buying CDs.

    The masses don't read tech sites, nor are they aware of the RIAA, nor would most of them care if they did.

  16. Re:chutzpah? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Disbarred, NO

    Sanctioned, Yes

    Actual misbehavior by lawyers and their clients is decidedly unfunny. That is the message of Rule 11, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. This is the law that obligates the federal courts to impose sanctions on lawyers and clients who file and pursue lawsuits in unreasonable ways. Rule 11 breaks with precedent that required proof of bad faith to trigger sanctions. Unreasonableness is a lighter trigger that has proven beneficial to persons burdened by lawyer and client misbehavior. By the way, sanctions is legal terminology for getting your expenses back in some degree from an attorney or party who did you wrong in a lawsuit.

    WHAT REMEDY RULE 11 PROVIDES

    Rule 11 prescribes sanctions for certain basic misdeeds: (1) the filing of a frivolous suit or document; (2) the filing of a document or lawsuit for an improper purpose; (3) actions that needlessly increase the cost or length of litigation.

    Relevant parts of the rule are these:

    The signature of an attorney or party constitutes a certificate by the signer that the signer has read the pleading, motion, or other paper; that to the best of the signer's knowledge, information, and belief formed after reasonable inquiry it is well grounded in fact and is warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law, and that it is not interposed for any improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation... If a pleading, motion, or other paper is signed in violation of this rule, the court, upon motion or upon its own initiative, shall impose upon the person who signed it, a represented party, or both, an appropriate sanction, which may include an order to pay the other party or parties the amount of the reasonable expenses incurred because of the filing of the pleading, motion, or other paper, including a reasonable attorney's fee (emphasis added).

    Sanctions may apply against an attorney, the client, or both; therefore, we have adopted the collective convention, attorney/client.

  17. Re:Not unsual at all. by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 4, Insightful

    If PACER is at one end of objectivity, NYCL has raced past Groklaw to reside at the other. Guilty as charged. I have never professed or pretended to have "objectivity" towards the RIAA's litigation campaign. I hate the ground they walk upon. My blog is called "Recording Industry vs. The People", it starts off "About the RIAA's attempt to monopolize digital music by redefining copyright law, through the commencement of tens of thousands of extortionate lawsuits against ordinary working people.", and later on states "We established this site to collect and share information about the wave of sham "copyright infringement" lawsuits brought by four large record companies to abuse the American judicial system, distort copyright law, and frighten ordinary working people and their children." Does that sound some like someone trying to pass himself off as "objective"?

    NYCL's postings all drip with snarky schadenfreude On that I can't answer you. I don't what "snarky" means and I don't know what "schadenfreude" is. But I can tell you, with a fair amount of certainty, that my postings rarely, if ever, "drip".

    And thank you for mentioning me in the same breath as PACER and Groklaw.
    --
    Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
  18. Re:Defendants not even asked! by DarkOx · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I don't know I do lots of those things expecting the same results.

    Rolling dice -- I expect to get back some value between 1 and 6 randomly (usefull)

    Slot machines -- I expect to lose a token (sometimes and surprised)

    Voting -- I expect to cast a ballot and have an TINY impact on the election (usually works unless diebold manufactured the equipment)

    Dating -- I expect to have a nice dinner and someone to talk too (hey I might even want to see her again)

    Software Debugging -- I expect to get a headache ( and substantially reduce the proples with endcase in whatever code I was working on)

    New Years resolutions -- I expect the people makeing them will fail ( I am certain mine are so unambious I can actually achive them)

    Ansering the phone -- I expect on of my mates wants to do something fun this evening.

    I have pretty reasonable expections for most of these things. I evaulate weather its worth doing any of them at any give time based on my expected outcome. Some like playing the slots I almost never to chose to do. Most of the others I do when I suits me, and I always expect the same outcome. Usualy I am right, sometime not. I would think most people who engague in these activites you mention have pretty good expecations of what will happen. They continue to do them because their is a precived gain in doing them.

    --
    Repeal the 17th Amendment TODAY! Also Please Read http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html
  19. Re:I'm curious by BoChen456 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I've known some lawyers who talked about the degree of animosity that exists between lawyers and judges. A lawyer spends several decades suffering various forms of abuse and condescension at the hands of the judges he/she faces with every case ... then by the time their turn comes to sit on the bench, they are so thoroughly bitter and full of spite they simply can't wait to unload gallons of the same kind of poison on the next batch of lawyers who come in front of them. You know, this is just like the all-male high school I went to. The older kids would intimidate, harass and be generally cruel to the younger kids, and eventually those younger would become the older kids and get their turn to do the same thing.
  20. Re:Pop quiz for you litigation buffs out there by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I do have the trophy wife, but she's been with me since long before I became a lawyer, since back in the days when I was just an argumentative amateur. So would you say you were arguing in your spare time? Yes, it's been a part of my personality since the earliest days, long before I ever went near a law school. I love a good argument. I trust argument more than I trust consensus; it's more likely to get us closer to the truth. Which is of course why I immediately felt at home on Slashdot.
    --
    Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
  21. Re:Oops by el+americano · · Score: 5, Insightful

    "Consequently, because the Court has previously resolved all of the issues raised in Plaintiffs' motion to dismiss, and because the Court is not convinced that its prior decision was wrong, the Court needs no response from Defendant and the motion is due to be denied."

    Translation: Not this shit again.

    --
    Those are my principles. If you don't like them I have others. -Groucho Marx
  22. Re:More pro-piracy bullshit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I'd really like to see a version of that 'commercial' where it goes like this:

    You wouldn't steal a handbag! (Show guy grabing handbag, women freaking out)

    You wouldn't steal a dvd (show guy stealing dvd, shop owner freaking out)

    You wouldn't steal a car (etc)
    ...BUT if you could duplicate them for free without anyone losing anything... you WOULD! (show guy pulling 'magic duplicator' from pocket, point it at car, ::poof::, second car appears. Guy gets into duplicate, drives off. Car dealer starts to run after him, then notices he's not missing any cars.)

    (repeat similar with the other items, in reverse order- dvd, handbag. In each case, the person who was pissed off before is no longer,because they aren't missing anything.)

  23. Re:I'm curious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    What they need to learn is that the judge, not the accuser, speaks the verdict

    Yes, but their interpretation of that statement is what's getting them in trouble. The judge, in their view, is the lowest-level employee of the legal system, which they have spent good money on to ensure that it acts in their best interests. They're trying to treat the judge as one of their employees ... one who clearly hasn't gotten the memo that explains that any claims they make are by definition correct. They feel ripped off ... all that good lobbyist money, and they get treated like this ? ... I mean, I wouldn't tolerate that kind of behavior from any other type of 'service' employee. So they're being patient, repeating the truth over and over, until it finally sinks in ...

  24. Re:More pro-piracy bullshit by hey! · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The problem is that the analogy is fundamentally broken. One way or the other, it only addresses the superficial consequences of making copies.

    Imagine you did have a 'magic duplicator'. It's not true that use of this would be harmless.

    It wouldn't harm the owner of the car. It would harm the people who make a living assembling the car from its design, who make a living advertising, promoting and selling the car. They'd have to find other jobs.

    It would also remove the current structure which pays the designers of the car. And so, in absence of an alternative method of paying, it harms them too. Granted when we talk about music, most people in this position don't make any money out of the system. And even if the system could be reformed so that they all can eke out aliving, it is so fabulously expensive with respect to the amount it pays them it's very nearly indefensible.

    The morality of copying depends on whether you think that the market will provide alternatives for creators in the absence of selling copies.

    --
    Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
  25. Re:More pro-piracy bullshit by paving-slab · · Score: 2, Insightful

    ...It would harm the people who make a living assembling the car...

    Why the hell would people be assembling the car if there was a magic duplicator?

    Do you imagine a band records each cd seperately?

    ...who make a living advertising, promoting and selling the car. They'd have to find other jobs...

    Your right, that wouldn't be fair. Obviously even though their jobs are redundant progress should be halted so they can continue to make a living without the hassle of retraining.

  26. Re:More pro-piracy bullshit by Duhavid · · Score: 2, Insightful

    But if such a duplicator existed, there would be far fewer people making a living assembling a car from a design. Most of them would still have to find another job.

    The designers would probably move upscale, providing more unique cars, creating one real model, then duplicating a small ( or large, depending on his/her/its tastes, etc ) number of duplicates, selling them relatively cheaply, depending on the requirements of the duplicator.

    Good points, though.

    --
    emt 377 emt 4