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Authentic Viking DNA From 1,000-Year-Old Skeletons

FiReaNGeL writes "Scientists were able to extract authentic DNA from ancient Viking skeletons, avoiding many of the problems of contamination faced by past researchers. Analysis of DNA from the remains of ancient humans provides valuable insights into such important questions as the origin of genetic diseases, migration patterns of our forefathers and tribal and family patterns. Using freshly sampled material from ten Viking skeletons from around AD 1,000, from a non-Christian burial site on the Danish island of Funen, Dissing and colleagues showed that it is indeed possible to retrieve authentic DNA from ancient humans."

55 of 189 comments (clear)

  1. next step by syrinx · · Score: 5, Funny

    Next step is to clone them and open a theme park, right?

    --
    Quidquid latine dictum sit, altum sonatur.
    1. Re:next step by Lurker2288 · · Score: 4, Funny

      I can hear Richard Attenborough now. "We have created creatures so astonishing that they will capture the imagination of the entire world...welcome, my friends, to Nordic Park."

      Just make sure to keep those electric fences on; last time the berserkers got out they took out an entire tour group from Milaukee.

    2. Re:next step by idontgno · · Score: 2, Funny

      Just keep 'em away from the authentic longboat re-creations.

      Otherwise, we know from good sources that their only goal will be the western shore. And that means either the British Isles or, if they're lucky (and bad navigators), North America.

      --
      Welcome to the Panopticon. Used to be a prison, now it's your home.
    3. Re:next step by mapsjanhere · · Score: 2, Funny

      And when the theme park idea doesn't work out they can always get a job for the next credit card commercial

      --
      I'm aging rapidly, I bought a new game and had no idea if my machine was good for it.
    4. Re:next step by denzacar · · Score: 2, Interesting

      And like someone else here said - just make them all female.
      Any missing DNA could be taken from frogs.

      And then, with some luck, Trekkies will finally be able to have their green-skinned Orion slave girl fantasies based on actual, real life girls.
      Associating with them, James T. Kirk style, would naturally remain a fantasy for nearly all of the Trekkies.
      There are some things even unscrupulous genetic crimes against nature can't help with.

      --
      Mit der Dummheit kämpfen Götter selbst vergebens
    5. Re:next step by KeithJM · · Score: 2, Interesting

      what if the only dna they got were from guys? the "make them females" doesn't sound too good anymore Females have two X chromosomes. Males have one X and one Y. You could duplicate the X chromosome and pull out the Y (that would mean that the females would be just as susceptible to some common X- chromosome related conditions like color blindness, though).
    6. Re:next step by dgatwood · · Score: 2, Funny

      I hear Geico might be hiring. Apparently, the caveman just isn't working out.

      :-D

      --

      Check out my sci-fi/humor trilogy at PatriotsBooks.

    7. Re:next step by brunokummel · · Score: 2, Funny

      And when the theme park idea doesn't work out they can always get a job for the next credit card commercial or even a heavy metal band...there are so many opportunities for cloned vikings....
      --
      What is best in life? To crush your enemies, to see them driven before you and to hear the lamentations of their women.
    8. Re:next step by pizpot · · Score: 4, Funny

      no, this is the next step: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1nzEFMjkI4

    9. Re:next step by denzacar · · Score: 2, Funny

      that would mean that the females would be just as susceptible to some common X- chromosome related conditions like color blindness, though They would not be aware that they are green?

      Even better.
      --
      Mit der Dummheit kämpfen Götter selbst vergebens
    10. Re:next step by Hieronymus+Howard · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I've heard that until recently there were still Vikings in Britain. A community of shepherds in a remote area still spoke an private language amongst themselves. When WW2 broke out, some of them ended up being based in Iceland, and discovered that they could understand the Icelandic speaking locals. Their 'private language' turned out to be Old Norse, handed down from their Viking ancestors.

      A lot of people in remote northern parts of the UK have been shown to have Viking DNA.

  2. Vikings come to Jurrasic Park by Raul654 · · Score: 3, Funny

    Just imagine how awesome the theme parks could be if they were populated by real, genetically correct vikings. Oh wait...

    --


    To make laws that man cannot, and will not obey, serves to bring all law into contempt.
    --E.C. Stanton
    1. Re:Vikings come to Jurrasic Park by Fast+Thick+Pants · · Score: 4, Funny

      Just to be safe, we'd better make them all females.

    2. Re:Vikings come to Jurrasic Park by Chemisor · · Score: 5, Funny

      What makes you think that would be more safe?

    3. Re:Vikings come to Jurrasic Park by foobsr · · Score: 2, Informative

      more safe

      Yes, this seems a strong hypothesis.

      Quote
      "Helga
      Hägar's demanding wife. Dressed always in her horned helmet, she is a true Valkyrie, besting the beleaguered Hägar in battles on the home front. She always wants Hägar to take a bath, but he won't. While Hägar may instill terror in the outside world, it's Helga who "wears the skins" in the family. Although she is more than a match for her sword-bearing ruffian husband, she also has a tender side. Helga is a devoted wife and mother, often doing what's best for her family whether they want it or not."

      CC.

      --
      TaijiQuan (Huang, 5 loosenings)
    4. Re:Vikings come to Jurrasic Park by rubycodez · · Score: 5, Funny

      death by Nordic goddess snoo-snoo! I'm in!

    5. Re:Vikings come to Jurrasic Park by Carthag · · Score: 4, Interesting
      Hägar is an unfunny abomination and has very little to do with real vikings. Check out some real (& mythical) shieldmaidens.

      For instance Leif Eriksen's sister Freydis Eriksdatter who attacked the Skraeling (Indians) while pregnant.

      Freydis came out and saw how they were retreating. She called out, "Why run you away from such worthless creatures, stout men that ye are, when, as seems to me likely, you might slaughter them like so many cattle? Let me but have a weapon, I think I could fight better than any of you." They gave no heed to what she said. Freydis endeavoured to accompany them, still she soon lagged behind, because she was not well [pregnant]; she went after them into the wood, and the Skrælingar directed their pursuit after her. She came upon a dead man; Thorbrand, Snorri's son, with a flat stone fixed in his head; his sword lay beside him, so she took it up and prepared to defend herself therewith.
      Then came the Skrælingar upon her. She let down her sark and struck her breast with the naked sword. At this they were frightened, rushed off to their boats, and fled away. Karlsefni and the rest came up to her and praised her zeal.


      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freydís_Eiríksdóttir
  3. So by bobwrit · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Now we can reincarnate the vikings. Good job.

    --
    -- (this is a sig) My Computer Programming Forumhttp://www.programers.co.nr/
    1. Re:So by Collective+0-0009 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Funny how you use 'reincarnate'. Now you aren't laughing at that pharaoh that wrapped himself tightly for some crazy trip to reincarnation (aka a few thousand years til science catches up).

      --
      I finally updated my sig, but now it's lame.
  4. Neat. by Paranatural · · Score: 3, Interesting

    This should be interesting. I wonder if we'll find out one of the Native American Tribes was heavily interbred with some vikings.

    In any case, the really interesting thing is that this will really show us how each race of humans developed and spread, and who came from who.

    Of course, we'll find that it all started 6,000 years ago, in a garden in the Middle East...

    1. Re:Neat. by The+Anarchist+Avenge · · Score: 2, Interesting

      When I went hitchhiking through western Minnesota a few years back, I met a Dakota man living on the reservation in Sisseton. He claimed that his grandfather told him the story of how he helped bury one of the "white giants", blond and fair skinned men "as tall as you could reach".
      I took it with a grain of salt, but it's still one hell of a story - the ladies love it when I tell it around a campfire at night.

      --
      Today's lucky number is: 09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0
    2. Re:Neat. by corbettw · · Score: 3, Informative

      This should be interesting. I wonder if we'll find out one of the Native American Tribes was heavily interbred with some vikings. I don't know, are there any famous blonde Native Americans?
      --
      God invented whiskey so the Irish would not rule the world.
  5. Oh no! by ettlz · · Score: 4, Funny

    Not more spam!

  6. Answers to Age Old Questions by TheLazySci-FiAuthor · · Score: 5, Funny

    I have some of the viking in my mish-mash genetic make up - they were very good, after all, at getting their genes spread widely.

    perhaps this research will confirm my suspicion that the Viking lineage is where I acquired my most powerful gene

  7. Most obvious question: by r_jensen11 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    How drastically would their DNA differ from that of current Norweigians, Swedes, and Danes? I dare not mention the Finns, lest some the Scandinavians go viking-shit on me.

    But seriously, though; has the modern gene pool been dramatically changed due to southern neighbors migrating north?

    1. Re:Most obvious question: by dapyx · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Actually, the Icelanders have a rather high percentage of Irish genes! Those vikings of Iceland loved to raid the nearby Ireland to get some fresh women for themselves.

      --
      I'm sorry, the number you have dialed is an imaginary number. Please rotate your phone 90 degrees and dial again.
    2. Re:Most obvious question: by ChrisA90278 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      "has the modern gene pool been dramatically changed due to southern neighbors migrating north?"

      I think finding the answer to that question might be one reason to do this study. How else to know but to actually compare the present and older populations?

    3. Re:Most obvious question: by catmistake · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I'm pretty sure it went the other way... After conquering much of northern Europe the Vikings interbred with the locals, 'diluting' their gene pool by coming down from the North, not by southerners conquering north and doing the same thing. Have European ancestry? Chances are you've got Viking in there somewhere.

    4. Re:Most obvious question: by qc_dk · · Score: 3, Funny

      Then why did you mention the Finns?

      Death by Axe! RRRAAAAAAARRGGGGGGGggg.. umm, btw. What's your address?

  8. Don't remind me... by kyriosdelis · · Score: 3, Funny

    My favorite place to hang out in the summer, is a scandinavian bar. If you go up on the roof, you'll find authentic viking DNA all over the place...

    --
    I don't mind dating a girl that has been with everybody, as long as she had a good shower afterwards.
  9. Samples' mtDNA haplogroups by swid27 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    For the lazy, the samples found were:

    • 5 in Haplogroup H;
    • 1 in Haplogroup K;
    • 1 in Haplogroup I;
    • 1 in Haplogroup T2;
    • 1 in Haplogroup U5a1a;
    • 1 in Haplogroup X2c;

    All of those are found in Europe to varying degrees; the only item of note is that the K and one of the H samples had no exact matches when compared to a database containing over 15,000 mtDNA sequences.

    1. Re:Samples' mtDNA haplogroups by MaizeMan · · Score: 4, Informative

      He's talking about a method of tracing ancestry through the female line. Current person whether male or female, their mother, their mother's mother etc. This doesn't correspond to genes with any visible phenotypes (two people in haplogroup T2 aren't necessarily going to share any traits), but it can tell you something about which populations mixed in the past and how recently. Also since 20% of the samples contain mutations not found in current populations, we can conclude that a number of the maternal lines for the vikings died out. (I don't know much population genetics, so I don't know if 20% loss over 1000 years is high or low, or what you'd expect).

  10. Oversold? by Michael+Woodhams · · Score: 4, Informative

    Sure, contamination is a big problem, but it isn't like this hasn't been done before.

    The problem is that you're trying to take very small traces of human DNA and greatly amplify it. Even a very small amount of contamination from the researchers or lab environment can introduce as much or more modern DNA than the ancient DNA being studied - so you end up sequencing the lab's janitor instead of the viking.

    For example, here is a list of ancient humans who have had mitochondrial DNA sequences taken. (There are also Neandertal sequences not listed here.)

    So I'd say this is a good job, and good science, but not at all a first.

    --
    Quattuor res in hoc mundo sanctae sunt: libri, liberi, libertas et liberalitas.
  11. No need by sxltrex · · Score: 4, Funny

    Authentic vikings still walk the earth today.

    This is the only creature Chuck Norris is afraid of.

  12. Digging places by Borathian · · Score: 2, Insightful

    So why would it matter if the burial site is Christian or no-Christian? Last time I checked one dead body is as dead as another, wouldn't just saying "from a burial site on the Danish island of Funen" be more textualy efficent ;)

    1. Re:Digging places by Gat0r30y · · Score: 2, Insightful

      More importantly wouldn't it be better to state that the weren't Viking Funerals?

      --
      Prediction: The real iPhone killer is going to be sex robots from Japan. Think about it.
    2. Re:Digging places by number6x · · Score: 4, Informative

      A christian themed burial site would indicate a greater likelihood of intermingling with non-viking cultures from Southern Europe. This could be an indicator of genetic intermingling as well.

      A non-christian burial site would not preclude intermingling, but probably be an indicator of lower likelihood.

      Besides, TFA said they already did a christian site from around the same time, so this would give them a separate set of data points.

      I know its hard to believe the concept of people who profess different religious affiliations being less likely to associate and intermarry. That kind of thing is so middle ages, all the major religions live in such peace and harmony in the enlightened 21st Century!

  13. Imagine by goombah99 · · Score: 5, Funny

    a Beowulf cluster of these.

    --
    Some drink at the fountain of knowledge. Others just gargle.
    1. Re:Imagine by Herkum01 · · Score: 4, Funny

      I think you mean

      We can finally have a cluster of Beowulf's!

  14. Meme alert by PMBjornerud · · Score: 5, Funny

    As a Scandinavian, I am compelled to invoke the Slashdot meme:

    I am a genetically correct viking, you insensitive clod!

    --
    I lost my sig.
    1. Re:Meme alert by statemachine · · Score: 2, Funny

      Whoosh!

      Was that the sound of your head getting cut off?

  15. Do you NEED velociraptors? by Moraelin · · Score: 4, Interesting

    At the Battle of Stamford Bridge, allegedly one single Berserker held the bridge and blocked Harold Godwinson's advance long enough for Harald Sigurdsson's army to assemble. Essentially denied Godwinson the element of surprise.

    One guy. Vs the whole freaking Saxon army. What was _left_ of that Saxon army after the battle, was still enough to put up a battle at Hastings, so the original size must have been even more impressive.

    I dunno, I'd vote that this is one of those cases where one should resist trying to improve what's perfectly good as it is. I'm not sure if the velociraptor genes wouldn't actually make it worse. And not in a good way.

    --
    A polar bear is a cartesian bear after a coordinate transform.
    1. Re:Do you NEED velociraptors? by ozbird · · Score: 2, Insightful

      One guy. Vs the whole freaking Saxon army.

      Allegedly one guy - but most importantly a bridge. The right terrain can be a huge force multiplier e.g. the Battle of Thermopylae.

    2. Re:Do you NEED velociraptors? by corbettw · · Score: 2, Informative

      Incorrect, Harold and his army managed to get past the lone sentry when two of his men thrust their spears up through spaces in the bridge and pierced the sentry's groin. The English swarmed over the Vikings while they slept, and slaughtered them all. It ended the Viking age.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_Bridge

      Too bad for them they couldn't repeat their success against the Normans 10 days later. But good for me, since one of my ancestors came over with William and fought at Hastings (he's mentioned in the Domesday book as having done so).

      --
      God invented whiskey so the Irish would not rule the world.
  16. Re:Not canon... by fan+of+lem · · Score: 2, Funny

    "A Viking-Velociraptor with a battleaxe and the speed of a cheetah...*drool*"

    Uhh.. Bravestarr?

  17. oblig by nih · · Score: 2, Funny

    å møøse ønce bit my sister

    --
    I'm a rabbit startled by the headlights of life :(
  18. From TFA by linhux · · Score: 3, Informative

    Although âoeVikingâ literally means âoepirate," [...]


    If they get the first sentence completely wrong, I'm not going to bother with the rest of the article.

    (Viking literally means a person who comes from a bay or similar.)
    1. Re:From TFA by Petrushka · · Score: 2, Informative

      (Viking literally means a person who comes from a bay or similar.)

      No, that's an anachronism. Vík meant bay or inlet. Víking never meant anything other than "pirate".

      In any case it's at least as likely that the Icelandic word comes from Anglo-Saxon, rather than the other way round, as the word is attested in OE from the 8th century, but in Old Norse only two centuries later. (The origin in that case would be OE wic "camp, temporary settlement".)

      TFA is right, you are wrong. Burn!

  19. Re:Just send me some kleenex by couchslug · · Score: 4, Funny

    "And I'll pump you all the viking DNA you'll ever want!"

    How will you get the Vikings to accept your offer?

    --
    "This post is an artistic work of fiction and falsehood. Only a fool would take anything posted here as fact."
  20. Mom? by dwrugh · · Score: 2, Interesting

    My mtDNA is T2 so I guess that means mom was descended from Vikings... The Vikings were raiding Ireland before AD 1000 and carrying out the most winsome lasses so I'd guess that's where some of the mtDNA came from. Ancient Celtic Warriors: Vikings and Irish at War Viking Settlemnent in Ireland

    1. Re:Mom? by DeadChobi · · Score: 2, Funny

      And where all the pretty english girls went?

      --
      SRSLY.
  21. Re:Go look up the definition of Ancient... by corbettw · · Score: 4, Interesting

    You're kidding, right? Let's look at the world of 1008 AD, and you tell me if it sounds ancient:

    The English language didn't exist.
    There were no ocean-going trade routes between Europe and East Asia.
    Iceland had just had their first allthing, but other than that there were no democracies or republics in existence.
    Spain was a Muslim province. Oh, and the Spanish language didn't exist, either.
    The wild notion that the earth orbited the sun, and not the other way around, would not have scientific and mathematical constructs to support it for another 531 years.
    The Roman Empire still existed (at least its Eastern Half).
    The only religion in most of Europe was Roman Catholicism (the Vikings converted in the previous century).
    The average person never traveled more than seven miles from the place of his or her birth, and could not conceive of communicating with people more than shouting distance away. They couldn't even write, only priests could (Charlemagne was notable as one of the only medieval rulers who could sign his own name).

    About 33 generations have passed since 1008. If you don't think that's a long time, when was the last time you spoke with your great-great-grandfather in person? He was only four generations removed, and he was probably dead before you were born. 1000 years is a freakishly long time in terms of human life, culture, and advancement.

    --
    God invented whiskey so the Irish would not rule the world.
  22. Re:Go look up the definition of Ancient... by Petrushka · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I'm guessing you come from the New World somewhere. Yes, 1000 years is fairly recent. But you're partially right, it wasn't quite "modern" either, which is why I said "not far from" modern.

    I'm not quite sure why you're bringing up Spain and East Asia; I'm perfectly happy to agree that Western Europe was a barbaric wasteland at the time, but for some reason I thought we were talking about Scandinavia. The eastern Roman empire continued to exist into the Modern period, by the way; when Constantinople fell the Renaissance had been well under way for some time in various European countries. But the Byzantine Empire was neither ancient, mediaeval, nor modern, but somewhere in between and all three at once.

    Unlike the rest of your points, that one is actually kind of (tangentially) related to the basic rationale for my earlier statement, as cultural and political links between Constantinople and Scandinavia were unusually strong, as European states of the time went. Scandinavians had already discovered and were attempting to colonise three separate New Worlds (Iceland, Greenland, and Labrador), something that Italians like Columbus didn't even think of for nearly another half millennium; and it was only going to be a couple more centuries before a sort of Renaissance started in Scandinavia, long before it got going anywhere else in Europe. So, I stand by my statement: "not far from modern". In the same way that the Italy of Boccaccio's time could be considered "not far from modern".

  23. AD or CE? by imagin8r · · Score: 2, Informative

    I'm assuming that the majority of Slashdotters are proscience and not pro-Creationism. In the interest of maintaining scientific temper on this forum, may I request Slashdotters to employ the more secular 'CE' -- Common Era -- rather than the forthrightly Christian 'AD' -- Anno Domini, meaning, 'In the Year of Our Lord'. I think most here, including myself, have utmost respect for Jesus and his followers even we don't necessarily consider him to be 'Our Lord'. The usual response is, 'Who cares? Nobody knows exactly what AD means, anyway. And it's become established so why change it.' I would there are many perfectly rational individuals who might object to the above response. The corresponding term for 'BC' is 'BCE' -- Before Common Era. Thanks. No flames please!

  24. Cant help this by SoulRider · · Score: 2, Funny

    I bet they find they could not win a super bowl back then either.