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Philosophies and Programming Languages

evariste.galois writes "Wikipedia has a special section called, 'Language Philosophy,' in every article for a programming language. This section looks at the motivation and the basic principles of the language design. What if we investigate further than that? What deeper connections between philosophies and programming languages exist? By considering the most influential thinkers of all time (e.g. Plato, Descartes, Kant) we can figure out which programming language fits best with aspects of their philosophy (Did you know that Kant was the first Python programmer)? The list is not exhaustive, but this is a funny and educative start."

55 of 239 comments (clear)

  1. Codito by stoolpigeon · · Score: 4, Funny

    ergo sum

    --
    It's hard to believe that's how Micronians are made. Why don't we see it right now by having you both kiss one another?
    1. Re:Codito by pilgrim23 · · Score: 5, Funny

      I always thought it was sum ergo cogito..... but then I always was getting Descartes before de Horse

      --
      - Minutus cantorum, minutus balorum, minutus carborata descendum pantorum.
    2. Re:Codito by stoolpigeon · · Score: 4, Funny

      Once you figure out that you are, then the next question comes up.
       
      /(bb|[^b]{2})/

      --
      It's hard to believe that's how Micronians are made. Why don't we see it right now by having you both kiss one another?
    3. Re:Codito by Requiem18th · · Score: 2, Funny

      More like:
      si ego.codito:
              ego.sum()

      --
      But... the future refused to change.
    4. Re:Codito by Bob-o-Matic! · · Score: 2, Interesting

      555

      (a Thai joke)

      I was a language instructor as a SSgt in the USAF at the defense language institute Korean school in Monterey, CA. One of my students, an Army Special Forces SFC with Thai language experience (I have none), was participating in a creative role play involving numbers and vocabulary commonly used with numbers.

      He put on his army trench coat (class b uniform day) stood in front of the class, and proceeded to act like a guy who sells watches on the street. His sales pitch (for a tv commercial, I guess) went fairly well until he started to give his 555-nnnn phone number in Thai rather than Korean.

      The other students an I who had been concentrating keenly to figure out just what the hell the student SFC had been saying were totally taken by surprise by what we heard and a good laugh was had by all. The SFC was clearly working hard to communicate his free-form message (compared to many other lessons which concentrate on formatted language transactions such as greetings, weather reports, etc.), and it was quite a scene when he slipped into another language.

      Good times.

    5. Re:Codito by 'The+'.$L3mm1ng · · Score: 2, Informative
      Probably this definition of 555:

      The Thai version of lol in a text conversation. "5" in Thai is pronounced "ha," so three of them would be "hahaha."

  2. Python by MyLongNickName · · Score: 5, Funny

    No wonder I Kant get anything done in Python!!!

    *looks around and sees no one laughing*
    *quietly backs off of the stage*

    --
    See my journal for slashdot ID's by year. Mine created in 2005. http://slashdot.org/journal/289875/slashdot-ids-by-year
    1. Re:Python by Timosch · · Score: 2, Funny

      You gotta get up at 4.45am. Kant did it, too. That kant be wrong...

  3. List is Wrong by aaaaaaargh! · · Score: 2

    Sorry, Kant was never a python programmer. Impossible. My personal guess is that Kant was programming in Modula, but it could also have been Brainf**ck. Any other suggestions by people who have actually read Cunt?

    1. Re:List is Wrong by Reality+Master+201 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Lisp.

      Alternately a convoluted, confusing and maddening knot of junk, and a transcending work of crystalline insight, clarity and genius, and either way, constantly leaving you with the nagging feeling that if you'd just went through it one more time with love and care, you'd finally, truly get what it's all about.

    2. Re:List is Wrong by gbjbaanb · · Score: 4, Funny

      I thought he was a real pissant who was rarely very stable.

  4. Those who kan't... by jimbudncl · · Score: 5, Funny

    use Python.

  5. What's the Point? by Sponge+Bath · · Score: 5, Informative

    This read more like a 'If programming language X was a car then it would be a Y' type lists.
    Good for a brief chuckle, but not particularly enlightening.

    1. Re:What's the Point? by Java+Pimp · · Score: 4, Interesting
      Something like: If Programming Languages were <T>

      Guess we can add this one to the list.

      --
      Ascalante: Your bride is over 3,000 years old.
      Kull: She told me she was 19!
    2. Re:What's the Point? by Toonol · · Score: 4, Informative

      Yeah, 2300 years ago. Plato is irrelevant

      In the same sense that Galileo is irrelevant in modern physics. Irrelevant yet fundamentally important in the creation of the modern system of knowledge.

      Is it even possible to make a less significant statement?

      You just did. Any computer language that wasn't designed randomly has a philosophy behind it; there was some kind of principles behind the design. Flawed or elegant, there were choices about how to arrange abstract concepts.

    3. Re:What's the Point? by SL+Baur · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Wikipedia has a special section called, 'Language Philosophy,' in every article for a programming language.

      Is it even possible to make a less significant statement?

      You must be new here.

      A goatse link.
      I, for one, welcome our Philosophic Programming Overlords.

      To name three.

      The article wasn't factually correct. This

      Java was the first strongly-typed language, in which everything must have a type (or share a Form) before it is being used

      isn't even close. Sigh. By that definition FORTRAN counts. Every variable DOES have a type "before being used". It's a floating point type if the variable name starts with A-H, O-Z and integer otherwise. Perhaps the author is confused about static typing. In which case he's still off by a couple of decades on which was language was first to be "strongly-typed". If you want to restrict it to widely used languages, Ada or Pascal (which was never meant to be anything other than an academic teaching language) would qualify. Fringe languages that influenced Ada like Modula and Modula II are possible too.

      Actually, the only untyped language I'm aware of is "B", which used a machine word as its basic "type". Maybe BCPL counts too, but other than reading that it as an ancestor to C, I don't know much else about it.

  6. Philosophy and language by Slur · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Before we start this discussion, everyone should read the Tractatus Logico-philosophicus by Ludwig Wittgenstein. Programming languages, like human languages, express rules and patterns, but in philosophy we talk about how and when to employ rules, where to look for patterns. There are certainly general principles that apply to all programming languages, such as the trade-off between clarity and concision, whether it's better to own or reference an object in a given instance, etc. But does C++ really have a different "philosophy" than Objective-C, or are we just talking about the problem-solving intent and domain of the language and its suitability to a given problem? Do those really constitute philosophy, or are they just functional artifacts of the form?

    Discuss.

    --
    -- thinkyhead software and media
    1. Re:Philosophy and language by Samschnooks · · Score: 2, Interesting

      All I know is some computer languages have the philosophy of "job security". Examples: Perl and .... um, yeah....

    2. Re:Philosophy and language by Estanislao+Mart�nez · · Score: 5, Interesting

      There are certainly general principles that apply to all programming languages, such as the trade-off between clarity and concision [...]

      I don't think you're really getting at what you mean here. How is the verbose "clear"? I understand you're trying to get at how most programmers find the more concise, expressive code much harder to understand, and seem to only be able to understand code when all of the operations are at very low level. So, for example, they claim that a map function is "unclear," while doing a loop that manually manages an array index counter is "clear." But that's simply not "clearer" in any sense; that's basically missing the forest for the trees.

      But does C++ really have a different "philosophy" than Objective-C, or are we just talking about the problem-solving intent and domain of the language and its suitability to a given problem?

      There are serious, philosophically interesting differences between some software paradigms, but if somebody's looking for them in C++ vs. Objective C, they're more likely trying to pick nits that don't exist. If you want a really big, real-world relevant set of philosophical issues that recurs over and over in software engineering, try the object-relational impedance mismatch. This comes down to two different types of ontology. To sum it up (badly!) in two bullet points:

      • Object-oriented modeling tacitly assumes an ontology where the world is made out of objects. Objects are treated as complexes of properties, divided into essentials and accidents.
      • Relational modeling assumes an ontology where the world is made out of facts (i.e., relations). Relational tables represent sets of facts that are assumed to hold; objects are just the values related by the facts. Taken to its logical conclusion, objects are atomic; all of their structure comes from which facts they occur in.

      And since you brought up Wittgenstein, note that the relational ontology is well, the first two sentences of the Tractatus:

      1. The world is all that is the case.

      1.1 The world is the totality of facts, not of things.

    3. Re:Philosophy and language by Eivind · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The verbose isn't -automatically- clear, and the concise isn't automatically unclear. Indeed, like most things in life, the middle way is often the best one, being horribly verbose makes it a lot of work to even readd what the code says, much less understand it, whereas being -overly- compact has a tendency to make things unreadable.

    4. Re:Philosophy and language by DrVomact · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Let's see...early or late Wittgenstein? The early Wittgenstein—the one who wrote the Tractatus—would have been a pure C programmer. Clarity, brevity, precision. The later Wittgenstein, the one we meet in Philosophical Investigations, programmed in Pascal. You know—the academic language which was completely cool, but never quite finished.

      As for Kant, he was definitely a Python guy. Only an obsessive-compulsive German would think that making a language indent-sensitive is a good thing.

      --
      Great men are almost always bad men--Lord Acton's Corollary
    5. Re:Philosophy and language by Estanislao+Mart�nez · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I don't think the object-relational impedance mismatch is really fitting to expose the philosophical differences between programming languages, since the one describes behaviour and local subspace of the system state space while the other views the system as a consistent whole, being an end-state of the various local processes.

      But what I meant to single out is not programming languages, but rather, data modeling; i.e., the use of computer programs to reason about the world.

      However, I still think that there's a programming language philosophical difference of the sort you're interested in here, though not between OOP/relational, but rather, between imperative/functional (or more generally, imperative/declarative). Functional in this regard sounds very much like your characterization of the relational model right there--but I'd need to better unpack the very succinct point you're making here before I could comment more intelligently.

    6. Re:Philosophy and language by mckinnsb · · Score: 5, Insightful
      Mod parent up - he makes a few good points, which I would like to respond to here.

      I don't think you're really getting at what you mean here. How is the verbose "clear"? I understand you're trying to get at how most programmers find the more concise, expressive code much harder to understand, and seem to only be able to understand code when all of the operations are at very low level. So, for example, they claim that a map function is "unclear," while doing a loop that manually manages an array index counter is "clear." But that's simply not "clearer" in any sense; that's basically missing the forest for the trees.

      I feel that the most concise, expressive code is code which is part of rigorously defined, parsimonious model; hence what you mean by "missing the forest for the trees" - one code block/tree does not express succinctly the forest/design or the code block/tree's part in the forest/design. Expressive code does not exist of itself - it exists when it is part of a well designed model and everything around it makes sense. Like last Wednesday's XKCD comic stated in jest (but should be taken quite seriously) , "You will never find a programming language that relieves you of the burden of clarifying your ideas." In corollary, you will never find a way to write one block of code that will ever free you of that burden, either.

      There are serious, philosophically interesting differences between some software paradigms, but if somebody's looking for them in C++ vs. Objective C, they're more likely trying to pick nits that don't exist.

      Couldn't agree with you more here. Philosophy comes into play more when you start talking about design paradigms, and not the languages themselves. I would agree that certain languages lend themselves more to certain design paradigms, which would then reflect on Philosophy - but I still feel that this article, although lighthearted and undeserving of scrutiny, has got it backwards. You can certainly construct features of one language within another if you really *try*.

      As an aside - Socrates as an Assembly programmer? Seriously? That was the one choice I couldn't really let sit. I feel like he was chosen for that because he was the "first" philosopher, and some people view Assembly as the "first" programming language. Personally, I view Assembly more of a Alphabet than a Language (or to be a little more fair, more like Ancient Cuneiform than Latin), and if you were going to pick a philosopher to be a Assembly programmer, you should probably pick a Deconstructionist - Jacques Derrida would have been a good one.

    7. Re:Philosophy and language by Estanislao+Mart�nez · · Score: 4, Insightful

      In criticizing the philosophy of the Tractatus - specifically view of language as being bounded everywhere by rules - Wittgenstein thinks about languages as games, gains a valuable insight by comparing it to games like tennis. In tennis, there are rules for where you stand when serving, where you can and cannot hit the ball to have it count as a point, etc. But the game isn't bounded everywhere by rules - for example, how high can you hit the ball? So too with human language.

      I think you're missing the most important point about Wittgenstein's game analogies. It's part of a critique of the classical theory of categories, which assumes that categories have necessary and sufficient conditions for membership, that language terms stand for categories, and thus, insists that terms must have definitions in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions for the applicability of the term. Thus, the term "game" stands in need of a definition that tells us what are the properties that all games share.

      Wittgenstein tries to get us to see that there's no such definition to be had for "game"; as you try various candidate properties to see if they're shared by all games, you always find some game that doesn't have it. Games stand in a set of family resemblances to each other. But when you start following this idea through, you start to understand that Wittgenstein is inviting us to see instances of "language" in the same light as he's made us see the instances of games: language is a large complex of social practices that share family resemblances to each other.

      The other Wittgenstinian analogy that's relevant here is that language is like a toolbox. This fits in quite nicely with the family resemblance discussion, too: what is the property shared by all tools? To quote Wittgenstein's parody of the attempt to provide such a property:

      14. Imagine someone's saying: "All tools serve to modify something. Thus the hammer modifies the position of the nail, the saw the shape of the board, and so on."---And what is modified by the rule, the glue-pot, the nails?---"Our knowledge of things' length, the temperature of the glue, and the solidity of the box."-----Would anything be gained by this assimilation of expressions?---

      Also, Wittgenstein's treatment of rules is quite a bit more radical than you state it here, because it's framed as a critique of the notion of rule-following: the idea that rules "guide" the behavior of people. This is probably the part of Wittgenstein that's the most relevant to computer science, and in particular, to AI (classic AI fundamentally sees intelligence as rule-following). Alas, I haven't reviewed these parts in a while.

      Yes, I know this is specifically a topic about programming languages, something that the Tractatus deals with much better, being primarily about idealized languages for philosophical reasoning, but if you're going to start reading the man's work, you'd do yourself a favor by considering his earlier work in light of the critiques he presents in his later work.

      It's actually controversial to what extent Wittgenstein repudiated the Tractatus. More generally, the Tractatuts might well be the book that Wittgenstein's readers most disagree about. Wittgenstein always insisted that the philosophers who most admired the Tractatus completely missed the point behind it. There's certainly a shared theme between it an the Investigations: philosophy is a kind of confusion that comes up when philosophers fail to understand the limits of language. In the Investigations, the critique of philosophers' abuse of language takes the form of an attack on the classical theory of categories (the one that the idea of family resemblances is opposed to). In the Tractatus, on the other hand, the critique is based on the extremely obscure idea that there are things that language "shows" without "saying"--an idea that the book is (arguably) supposed to "show" rather than say...

    8. Re:Philosophy and language by 0xdeadbeef · · Score: 2, Insightful

      To really sum it up: Is the world made of sets or is it made of graphs?

    9. Re:Philosophy and language by Estanislao+Mart�nez · · Score: 2, Informative

      I liked him when he was just doing small gigs, but once he got a whiff of fame he sold out.

      Oh boy, no. I know you are joking, but Wittgenstein was crazy enough that the truth is funnier than the joke.

      Wittgenstein believed that his first book, the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, solved all of the problems of philosophy. Therefore, since there were no more problems left to solve, Wittgenstein quit philosophy and became a grade school teacher in rural Austria.

      After he lost that job (because of beating up a student), he temporarily became a gardener in a monastery he wanted to join, until the monks supposedly convinced him that he wasn't really cut out for the monastic life. (Gee, you have to wonder why they told him that.) So he then became an amateur architect to help his sister build a house she liked (which is now a historical building).

      Then he started chatting with some philosophers and mathematicians once in a while and changed his mind about his book: he concluded that, after all, he had not solved all of the problems in philosophy. So he moved to Cambridge to go back to doing philosophy, and after a couple of years, he discovered that he had not solved all of the problems in philosophy because there are none. After that, he spent the next 18 years or so, nearly the rest of his life, writing and rewriting the Logical Investigations, a book that nobody has ever understood, and whose publication he only allowed to happen after his death, because his writing sucked so much he couldn't bear to subject the general public to it while he was still alive.

      Oh, and his father was the richest man in Austria, but he surrendered his portion of the inheritance because he didn't believe in money...

  7. Philosophy of computer science by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://plato.stanford.edu/, has an introduction on philosophy of computer science which is far more interesting than this worthless drivel.

  8. Philosophy of Perl by nobodyman · · Score: 4, Funny

    Through my (admittedly limited) experience with updating another team's perl scripts, I've discovered the design philosophy of perl:

    • There is a God...
    • ...and he hates us

       

    1. Re:Philosophy of Perl by D+Ninja · · Score: 3, Funny

      I always thought Perl's philosophy was to make you think of it's creator (Larry Wall). How so, you ask? Well...developing in Perl is like pounding your head against a wall...

    2. Re:Philosophy of Perl by Lord+Ender · · Score: 5, Funny

      Perl is a lot like Christianity, actually. It borrows almost everything from previous languages, and it makes you hate yourself.

      --
      A slashdotter who didn't build his own computer is like a Jedi who didn't build his own lightsaber.
    3. Re:Philosophy of Perl by SanityInAnarchy · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I suspect it depends very much how clean that other team's perl is. Perl is perhaps the language in which it is easiest for sheer laziness to lead to something unreadable.

      However, Perl can be readable, and there are other reasons to like it.

      Disclaimer: I haven't touched Perl since I became a Ruby/Javascript convert.

      --
      Don't thank God, thank a doctor!
  9. Re:Nietzsche? by AndrewNeo · · Score: 4, Funny

    Schrodinger would like to disagree/agree with you.

  10. Finally! by cortesoft · · Score: 4, Interesting

    As a programmer who was a philosophy major in college I am so happy to finally see the connection made by others (even if at such a superficial and shallow level).

    In all seriousness, however, philosophy and programming are amazingly similar. They each are about breaking down complex thoughts into atomic, logical pieces. The origin of computer theory is in philosophy.

    And for all of you philosophy majors who are sick of being asked what you are going to do with a philosophy degree (as I was).... tell them you will be a computer programmer!

  11. Re:which philosopher by maxume · · Score: 2, Funny

    That excessively drunk guy you overheard at the bar last Saturday.

    --
    Nerd rage is the funniest rage.
  12. CS and AI are grounded in philosophy by patlabor · · Score: 4, Informative

    Computer Science is already grounded in Philosophy, especially in Artificial Intelligence. Have a look at Defeasible Logic (based on defeasible reasoning) for some recent developments. If you want specific programming languages, have a look at Prolog. Search for theorem solvers online. Or check wikipedia for Logic programming http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_programming. For that matter, have a look at the Turing machine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_machine. Bottom line, the field of Computer Science is based on logic.

  13. Re:which philosopher by Lord+Ender · · Score: 4, Funny

    Jack Handy.

    --
    A slashdotter who didn't build his own computer is like a Jedi who didn't build his own lightsaber.
  14. Re:Nietzsche? by TheCycoONE · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I doubt it, Nietzsche rejected artificial morality and the distinction between good and evil. As a language he would be type-less and purposefully unlike conventional languages. I'm thinking LISP, but perhaps someone more familiar with his works can express a better choice.

  15. Machiavelli by rssrss · · Score: 3, Funny

    Machiavelli must have been the inspiration for Scheme.

    --
    In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king.
  16. Pythagoreans use Mathematica by xee · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The pythagoreans identify nicely with Mathematica.

    --
    Oh shit! I forgot to click "Post Anonymously"...
  17. Re:educative? by langelgjm · · Score: 2, Informative

    It is a word: educative.

    I'd quote the OED as well, but I'm too lazy to start up my VPN and interrupt the torrents.

    Besides, pedagogical would have more to do with the method of teaching. "Educational" would probably have been the best choice.

    --
    "Anyone who [rips a CD] is probably engaging in copyright infringement." - David O. Carson
  18. Re:Irrelevant, does not include business languages by jason.sweet · · Score: 2, Funny

    This is so not funny - its pure flame and its most trollish--- check this out asshammer - http://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/03/google-launches-project-to-boost-python-performance-by-5x.ars

    Sweet! Now your homework will run really fast.

  19. Why the droids will win. by v(*_*)vvvv · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Programming languages are layers that abstract away the computer underneath. Philosophy is about pealing the layers that abstract away our being that lies underneath.

    Of course, we know everything about a computer, because we built it. Yet we know nothing about our being, even when we're all trapped in one.

    That could be our biggest weakness when the droids turn against us. Computers and machines will always know exactly what they are, while humans will forever be confused.

  20. Re:he would have no language at all by johnsonav · · Score: 2, Informative

    nihilism is purposeless and random. coding therefore cannot have anything to do with nietzsche, since it is all structure

    That's all well and good. But, Nietzsche wasn't a nihilist. In fact, he wrote extensively in opposition to it. While both Nietzsche and the nihilists agreed on the illegitimacy of the existing moral order, Nietzsche wanted to replace it with something new, while nihilists insist that no such thing is possible.

    --
    ... and that's when the C.H.U.D.'s came at me.
  21. Pascal was strongly typed long before Java by maxwell+demon · · Score: 4, Informative

    From TFA:
    "Java was the first strongly-typed language, in which everything must have a type (or share a Form) before it is being used"

    The author obviously doesn't know Pascal. Not only does everything in Pascal have a type, and must be declared as such, Pascal doesn't even have the concept of a typecast. And much less implicit conversions than Java (the only way to get from a real to an integer is through a function like round or trunc). In Pascal, an array of 5 integers is a different type than an array of 6 integers (actually, you don't give a number, but a type for indexing, which may be an integer subrange type like 0..4, but might as well be e.g. an enumeration type).

    --
    The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    1. Re:Pascal was strongly typed long before Java by Estanislao+Mart�nez · · Score: 2, Insightful

      The author obviously doesn't know Pascal.

      Um, or the fact that the type system of languages like O'Caml and Haskell is an elaboration of Russell's type theory, for that matter.

  22. Re:Isn't that ironic, don't ya think? by Brian+Gordon · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Yes there is. The author's saying assembly defines everything explicitly; it's higher level languages that "beg for a question" about where that came from or how that works. Following his logic assembly doesn't "beg for a question" at all, but rather the opposite.

  23. Re:Ya, but... by JustOK · · Score: 2, Funny

    so, buffer overflows?

    --
    rewriting history since 2109
  24. FORTRAN by earlymon · · Score: 2, Insightful

    All FORTRANs up to and including FORTRAN IV WATFIV were concordant with their best-known programmer, Rousseau - it was, after all, the best of all possible worlds.

    Voltaire pointed out the mind-numbing ridiculousness of that idea, salvaged what was the real essence, and formulated a framework of thought that influenced all others. His philosophy was direct, compact and completely elegant. Naturally, Voltaire is best read not in translated English, but in its original FORTRAN 77 form.

    --
    Pathological kinda promises Path + Logical - but instead, you get stuck with pathetic.
  25. Alternative list by Kupfernigk · · Score: 3, Informative

    Socrates - ADA (he used his logical skills to help the aristocrats gain power, the real reason he was executed.)
    Plato - Java. (He believed in abstract objects but only had single inheritance)
    Aristotle - SQL (he tried to systematise and arrange everything)
    Aquinas - .NET languages. (Stuff pinched from everywhere and turned into an immense framework)
    Hegel - C++. (Hegel surely wrote the first write-only philosophical language)
    Descartes - Visual Basic (if you can make a picture of it, it must be right)
    Pascal - Prolog.
    Ada, Lady Lovelace - Lisp.
    Bertrand Russell - Erlang or Haskell
    Ludwig Wittgenstein - PL/1

    --
    From scarped cliff or quarried stone she cries "A thousand types are gone, I care for nothing, no not one."
  26. Leibniz, not Rousseau by colinrichardday · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Voltaire's Professor Pangloss was based on Leibniz, not Rousseau. Leibniz would probably have been a better programmer anyway.

    1. Re:Leibniz, not Rousseau by earlymon · · Score: 3, Interesting

      True. I further congratulate you in advance for being the only person I've met who got or may have gotten exactly what was wrong with the rave literary reviews for Forest Gump - and if you read it and saw the movie, why the movie was superior in all of the ways that the book sucked donkey balls.

      Tien - I point out the event where Rousseau was overwhelmed with Voltaire, and frustrated by him, that he sent ruffians to beat him senseless in a dark alley, admonishing them to not do too much damage to Voltaire's head, as some good may yet come from it.

      And Rousseau did endlessly parrot the best of all possible worlds meme. Perhaps my classical education was erroneous, but I was taught that it was Rousseau's clever and beautiful defense of the best outcome of the Lisbon earthquake that finally drove Voltaire over the edge.

      Given those things and given that Leibniz would have been the better programmer, and given the many hundreds of thousands of lines of FORTRAN II and IV code I've seen - I still contend that the FORTRAN / FORTRAN IV programmer of prolific note is that monkey-see, monkey-do philosopher, Rousseau. Perhaps Leibniz did write a few dozen decent lines of it for him to proliferate...

      --
      Pathological kinda promises Path + Logical - but instead, you get stuck with pathetic.
  27. If you're serious about the topic... by imidan · · Score: 3, Interesting

    If you're serious about the topic, someone above mentioned Wittgenstein. The Saphir-Worf hypothesis is basic reading for linguistics. Here is a paper called "Notation as a Tool of Thought" written by a guy called Kenneth Iverson that discusses the effect that computer languages have on expression of thought.

    Blithering about Kant being the first Python programmer and other such vacant nonsense may be entertaining in a limited way, but there are serious and fascinating issues in the study of linguistics, including those dealing with artificial language.

  28. Re:Arrgh!!! LISP!!! by frank_adrian314159 · · Score: 2, Informative

    Oddly enough, what you write has no relationship, linguistic or otherwise, to Lisp where, even if there were bindings of the symbols true and false in some context, they still would not equate to the constants T and NIL, whose values cannot be changed.

    Now setting the value of nil in Smalltalk to something else - that's good times.

    --
    That is all.
  29. Cute, but flawed... by Estanislao+Mart�nez · · Score: 2, Insightful

    To really sum it up: Is the world made of sets or is it made of graphs?

    No, that's really just two different versions of "the world is made of facts, not things." Set theory doesn't rely on objects having essential properties; the only thing set theory assumes of the set members is that there is an identity relation on them. (Though of course, as we both know, sets really are graphs!)

  30. Re:what are those new values? by johnsonav · · Score: 2, Insightful

    prattling on about a superman does not count [...]

    Why... Because you say so?

    it does no good to overthrow an existing order without properly articulating a new one

    otherwise, your effect is nihilism, whether actively espouse that philosophy or not

    He did articulate a new one. Whether you agree with it or not--or even find it silly--does not change the fact that Nietzsche was offering an alternative; an alternative that a nihilist, by definition, is not.

    --
    ... and that's when the C.H.U.D.'s came at me.