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Toyota Develops New Flower Species To Reduce Pollution

teko_teko writes "Toyota has created two flower species that absorb nitrogen oxides and take heat out of the atmosphere. The flowers, derivatives of the cherry sage plant and the gardenia, were specially developed for the grounds of Toyota's Prius plant in Toyota City, Japan. The sage derivative's leaves have unique characteristics that absorb harmful gases, while the gardenia's leaves create water vapour in the air, reducing the surface temperature of the factory surrounds and, therefore, reducing the energy needed for cooling, in turn producing less carbon dioxide."

51 of 211 comments (clear)

  1. Plants eventually die by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

    That's great but it may be a surprise to some people to learn that cherry sages do eventually die, and decompose and thus re-release that which they have absorbed.

    Carbon offset, one of the greatest scams in history. Pay us to plant some trees, which we can later cut down and sell.

    1. Re:Plants eventually die by AniVisual · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Not really. That's where coal came from. Plants inhale the carbon dioxide in the air, make 'em carbom, die, decompose, get buried in the ground, and 100,000,000 years later become coal and oil.

    2. Re:Plants eventually die by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      Oh yeah? Have you SEEN plants turn into coal? I bet not! God put the coal there to test your faith!!!

    3. Re:Plants eventually die by noundi · · Score: 5, Funny

      Obligatory Bill Hicks quote:

      I think God put you here to test my faith dude.

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    4. Re:Plants eventually die by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Only in places experiencing significant subsidence (think of the Mississippi delta), where plant materials at the surface will eventually be deeply buried. The fraction of plant material that does ultimately get buried for the long term is minuscule compared to the amount that gets promptly recycled by decay processes, right back into the atmosphere. The chances the scenario you describe is happening at the site of a Toyota plant are small indeed unless it is built on a subsiding swamp.

      The part I don't get is "while the gardenia's leaves create water vapour in the air" What? Don't ALL plants produce water vapour in the air?

      Planting *any* plant would have the rather minor effects they describe. Getting rid of a lawn and allowing a genuine forest to grow might have a net positive effect, but only to a limited degree (as it grows). It's a fluff piece. The only thing innovative here is their public relations department.

    5. Re:Plants eventually die by wasmoke · · Score: 4, Informative

      Close. Most coal came from the Carboniferous period where there was an explosion of plants, many of them in boggy areas. When plants die in bogs they fall in the water and bacteria can NOT decompose them. This is why the carbon was sequestered and turned into coal.
      Today, there is very little chance of this happening, especially at a plant in Japan. In all likelihood these flowers will decompose when they die and release all their nitrogen oxides back to the environment.

    6. Re:Plants eventually die by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      Plants may produce coal, but I have it on good authority that oil comes from dinosaurs:

      First the Earth cooled...and then the dinosaurs came...but they got too big and fat...so they all died and they turned into oil...and then the Arabs came...and they bought Mercedes Benz's...and Prince Charles started wearing all of Lady Di's clothes...I couldn't believe it...he took her best summer dress out of the closet and put it on and went to town....

    7. Re:Plants eventually die by Truekaiser · · Score: 2, Insightful

      incorrect. coal did not come from year to year decomposition of plants in temperate climates. Coal was formed mostly during the Carboniferous era in earth's past. at this time allot of the dry land was peat bog's and everglade's like swamps. year after year of leaf litter pressed down on the previous year's leaf litter preventing decomposition of the plants, add in a few million years of heat and pressure and the organic matter is carbonized thus forming coal.

      give the current leaf litter in these area's today a few million years and the same heat and pressure and it will be transformed into coal.

    8. Re:Plants eventually die by Ginger+Unicorn · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Wouldn't the nitrates in the soil act as a fertilizer for plants, as opposed to leaving it floating in the air for humans to breathe in?

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    9. Re:Plants eventually die by RivenAleem · · Score: 3, Informative

      We have this field down by my folks place in the country that is mostly left fallow (used for light sheep grazing) but it fluctuates repeatedly between grass and clover depending on the amount of nitrates in the soil. When the nitrates are low the clover wins out growing up strong, taking nitrogen out of the air and putting it in the soil, but then the grass comes back and chokes the clover until the nitrates are used up.

    10. Re:Plants eventually die by Quothz · · Score: 4, Informative

      Wouldn't the nitrates in the soil act as a fertilizer for plants, as opposed to leaving it floating in the air for humans to breathe in?

      Both. Some bacteria make ammonium from nitrogen, which keeps it in the soil. Others dump it in the air as N(2) and N(2)O. Local conditions limit how much gets mineralized into ammonium naturally. If there's enough oxygen around, other bacteria make it into nitrates, which then feed more plants. I reckon if they're planted sparsely, removed regularly (and composted properly), or rotated with nitrate-hungry plants, quite a lot would stay in the dirt. So, yeah, fertilizer and stuff, although some nitrogen is gonna float away no matter what.

    11. Re:Plants eventually die by Quothz · · Score: 2, Informative

      Unless Toyota intends to bury the plants every year then they are not doing anything to help sequester carbon.

      Nor are they trying to. So that works out pretty well.

      (The plan is to reduce carbon emissions by keeping the area near the plant nice and cool.)

    12. Re:Plants eventually die by afidel · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Actually the buildup of soil is in direct contradiction with your assertion that the majority of the carbon is re-released into the atmosphere. A good example of this process in action is right here where I live along the Great Lakes, the last glacial period ended only 12,000 years ago and as the glaciers retreated they completely scoured the bedrock yet today there are feet and feet of soil built up.

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    13. Re:Plants eventually die by Jarik+C-Bol · · Score: 2, Informative

      woosh.

      he's purporting that, oil deposits, in the form and structure they are in at this stage, could not be over 10,000 years old. He is saying, that, if the oil deposits where really millions of years old, that there layout, format, and structure within the ground would be fundamentally different
      (at least, thats the impression i got from his statement).

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    14. Re:Plants eventually die by afidel · · Score: 2

      Lots of it. According to this paper 10.2 ± 2.8 kg m^2 in the upper 1-m depth.

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    15. Re:Plants eventually die by fugue · · Score: 2

      CO2 isn't warming the planet, because it is incapable of warming the planet in the concertrations we're emitting

      Really? Your research supports that claim? If so, you're just about the only climatologist in the world with that opinion. Please link to your papers (and, of course, make sure you make clear who paid for the research). Or do you somehow think that you're more knowledgeable than the people who have the training, the data, and the supercomputers?

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  2. What? by abigsmurf · · Score: 3, Insightful

    "while the gardenia's leaves create water vapour in the air, reducing the surface temperature of the factory surrounds and, therefore, reducing the energy needed for cooling"

    Doesn't pretty much every plant with leaves do that? Hence the need for watering...

    1. Re:What? by Yo_mama · · Score: 3, Interesting

      And if they release MORE water, does that mean they increase the dependency on reservoirs and the environmental impacts of dams and water shortages?

      --
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    2. Re:What? by Zerth · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Seeing as water vapor is the largest greenhouse gas(by volume, mass, and % of warming caused), could one say that this is like opening the fridge to cool the kitchen?

    3. Re:What? by palegray.net · · Score: 2, Informative

      No. You're only telling part of the story; here's an excerpt from the easily digested Wikipedia article dealing with the topic:

      "Because water vapor is a greenhouse gas and because warm air can hold more water vapor than cooler air, the primary positive feedback involves water vapor. This positive feedback does not result in runaway global warming because it is offset by other processes that induce negative feedbacks, which stabilizes average global temperatures. The primary negative feedback is the effect of temperature on emission of infrared radiation: as the temperature of a body increases, the emitted radiation increases with the fourth power of its absolute temperature."

    4. Re:What? by TheRaven64 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Note that plant water doesn't need to be particularly clean, just desalinated. You can water plants with drain water in a lot of situations. Japan isn't a desert, the only water shortages that they are likely to have will come from overloaded processing and treatment plants, not from supply of rain.

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    5. Re:What? by jc42 · · Score: 3, Informative

      Well, I am a bit confused. Plants do perspire and release water vapour but they also usually release heat (they have a metabolism and show on infrared).

      It is a bit complicated. ;-)

      It's true that plants give off IR radiation. But they also release water vapor, and the evaporation process is endothermic. This cools the plant tissues slightly, and conductance cools the air at the leaf surfaces. There's a lot of energy conversion and transfer going on around a functioning leaf. The "bottom line" of it all is that the air among masses of plant life is usually a few degrees cooler than the outside air, unless the air is cold, when the plants may somewhat warm the air. You can feel this when you walk into a clump of trees, even if you're still in the sunlight. Much of this effect is due to inefficiencies in the plants' techniques for controlling their own internal temperature.

      It is interesting that plants can be giving off IR while being cooler than their surroundings. Part of the explanation is that the photosynthetic process involves a lot of frequency shifting. Photons are absorbed at one frequency, electrons bounce the absorbed energy around a bit, and another photon is radiated at a lower energy level. Most of this is significant to the plant's metabolism, but there are inefficiences. Thus, chlorophyll absorbs best in the green/blue part of the spectrum; a quick google found a graph at http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Chlorophyll. Note the complexity of the graph, with a lower peak in the red. To increase its absorbency, chloroplasts surround the chlorophyll with frequency-shifting molecules that absorb photons at other frequencies and reradiate the energy as photons that the chlorophyll prefers. But chlorophyll molecules don't intercept all these green/blue(/red) photons, explaining why leaves are greener than the incoming light. The whole process is impressively complex, and we're not very close to fully understanding it all. But much of the accidental reradiation is at low-energy frequencies, in the IR part of the spectrum.

      Some interesting research reports a few years ago involved some tiny temperature sensors that could measure the temperature inside leaves. They reported that a wide variety of plants tested, over a wide range of atmospheric conditions, the internal leaf temperatures were close to 21 Celsius. This is somewhat cooler than our body temperature, and generally different from the air. The "higher" plants seem to have evolved some impressive temperature regulation methods, presumably because chemistry is simpler and cheaper if you can control the temperature. So at cooler temperatures, leaves tend to absorb lots of photons that they don't need for photosynthesis, but which function solely to warm the leaf to its operating temperature. The leakage from this process mostly loses low-energy photons, i.e., infrared. At higher temperatures, leaves can both radiate more energetic photons, and also release water vapor, which cools the tissues rapidly. In this case, most of the inefficiency is in heat absorbed from the surrounding warmer air, which is the main reason that clumps of plants are cool. But it's not really that the water was vaporized to cool the air. It was vaporized to cool the internal leaf tissues, and the air cooling is due to poor insulation at the leaf surface. The plants are trying to keep themselves at operating temperature, and cooling of surrounding warmer air is an inefficiency in this process.

      Anyway, it's complex. And it's impressive how much control can be done by critters that have no muscles or nervous system and are stuck spending their whole life in one spot. It's almost entirely complex chemistry, including some very sophisticated control of photons and passing energy via electrons along chains of carbon atoms. Understanding what's known of it takes years of study. But you can find a lot of summaries by googling for someth

      --
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  3. Bad reporting by AxeTheMax · · Score: 5, Informative

    Lots of bad science reporting there, just what you would expect from a motor journalist talking about botany. New species??? All plants absorb gases, including any nitrogen compounds in the air. Any nitrous oxides would be absorbed within the leaf, since they are nutrients and plants have an ability to absorb nutrients through the leaves (foliar feeding). All plants give off water vapour. I suspect most trees would be better at cooling the factory surrounds than gardenia plants, since by their size and nature they are faster growers and thus can transpire more water, and (for most species) they have more leaf area per unit of ground area.

    1. Re:Bad reporting by CrashNBrn · · Score: 2, Informative
      Apparently, they've done the tree planting thing too.

      Even the grass has been specially developed to grow more slowly than conventional lawn. As a result, it only requires mowing once a year, compared with three times for the grass it replaced. In 2008, Toyota planted 50,000 trees to offset the factory’s CO2 emissions.

    2. Re:Bad reporting by TubeSteak · · Score: 4, Informative

      October 6, 2005
      Toyota Develops Shrub that Greatly Improves Air Quality
      --New Cherry Sage Better Cleanses Air, Reduces "Urban Heat Island Effect"--
      http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/05/1006.html
      "TMC started selling its Gardenia plant, known as the "Wald", which has a very high atmospheric-cleansing ability, in October 2003."

      The grass mentioned in TFA linked by /. is a breed of "zoysia grass" known as "TM9"
      I read about it on page 40 of Toyota's 2009 sustainability report (8MB PDF) and it has been on sale since 2006.

      Nothing in this story is new except for the positive PR that Toyota is getting.

      --
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      o0t!
    3. Re:Bad reporting by hallucinogen · · Score: 2, Informative

      Actually there are no plants at all that can fix nitrogen by themselves. If the summary was even half right this would be THE biggest news of the year.

  4. Nothing can go wrong here! by assemblerex · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Let's cross breed with kudzu! We can always just pull it up. I mean, Kudzu is so easy to get rid of, right?

    1. Re:Nothing can go wrong here! by Sparr0 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Kudzu is trivial to get rid of. Just let a herd of goats loose. Not only do they eat kudzu, they PREFER it, and will eat it before almost any other human-desirable plants. There are companies that rent out goats specifically for this purpose.

      If you think Kudzu is bad, read up on Cogon Grass.

    2. Re:Nothing can go wrong here! by Rogerborg · · Score: 4, Funny

      What do the goats eat once they've finished the kudzu?

      Ask Africa. They eat everything. Then you get desert. Then come the sandworms. Nice, you've doomed us all.

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    3. Re:Nothing can go wrong here! by Alcari · · Score: 4, Funny

      But with sandworms comes spice and He who controls the Spice controls the universe. I'd like to rent some goats please.

    4. Re:Nothing can go wrong here! by mpe · · Score: 4, Insightful

      What do the goats eat once they've finished the kudzu?
      Ask Africa. They eat everything. Then you get desert.


      Only if the people involved are too daft to eat the goats (and turn their skins into leather).

    5. Re:Nothing can go wrong here! by stupid_is · · Score: 2, Funny
      --
      -- Intelligence is soluble in alcohol
    6. Re:Nothing can go wrong here! by Chris+Mattern · · Score: 2, Funny

      What do the goats eat once they've finished the kudzu?

      Well, that's when we bring in the mountain gorillas.

  5. New tag should be.... by thatseattleguy · · Score: 5, Funny

    whatcouldpossiblygrowwrong

  6. Availability by Sarten-X · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Ignoring naysayers for now, and assuming this plant is the benefit the article claims: What about me?
    Does Toyota plan to release these plants for sale at my local garden store?
    Can I get a nice slow-growing lawn that I don't have to mow?
    Can I get some extra-cold flower gardens?

    --
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    1. Re:Availability by TubeSteak · · Score: 4, Informative

      Ignoring naysayers for now, and assuming this plant is the benefit the article claims: What about me?
      Does Toyota plan to release these plants for sale at my local garden store?

      Not at your local garden store, but they are for sale through "Toyota Roof Garden Corporation".
      AFAICT their sales are entirely out of Japan, so good luck with ordering.
      http://www.toyota-roofgarden.co.jp/

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  7. What could possibly go wrong...? by primesuspect · · Score: 3, Funny

    Feed me, Seymour... :-/

    1. Re:What could possibly go wrong...? by srussia · · Score: 2, Informative

      Feed me, Seymour... :-/

      Actually, if the plant eats pets, it'll save the environment!

      --
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  8. Re:If they want to reduce pollution by robfoo · · Score: 5, Funny

    Because cars are awesome, hippy.

  9. Perfect Timing! by adamchou · · Score: 3, Funny

    I'm finalizing work on a new species of cow that eats unnecessary grass that has been dried. It then produces plenty of methane and CO2 to feed these plants.

  10. Re:FRAUD ALERT -- Slashdot sucked in again? by jgardia · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Plants cannot metabolize nitrogen directly. You need some nitrogenated molecules to allow them to absorb the nitrogen. This job is typically done by bacterias in the soil. Why do you think you put nitrogen fertilizers to plants, if the atmosphere is > 70% nitrogen?

  11. Re:If they want to reduce pollution by L4t3r4lu5 · · Score: 5, Funny

    GM tried, but the government just won't let them stop. Even when nobody is buying them.

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  12. Re:If they want to reduce pollution by Virak · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Your clever plan has one slight flaw, namely that Toyota is not the only company on the planet making cars. If they stop then people will just buy cars from elsewhere that are probably less environmentally friendly, resulting in more pollution overall.

    Environmentalists could do with a lot more pragmatism and a lot less "durr I'm going to vehemently oppose anything short of ceasing all pollution overnight".

  13. Re:FRAUD ALERT -- Slashdot sucked in again? by Mathinker · · Score: 5, Informative

    Plants cannot metabolize nitrogen directly.

    You are correct. However, the article talks about nitrogen oxides, not molecular nitrogen. The nitrogen in nitrogen oxides is already "fixed" and can be absorbed by many different kinds of plants.

    Why do you think you put nitrogen fertilizers to plants, if the atmosphere is > 70% nitrogen?

    As you probably know, we'd all be dead if the atmosphere were ~70% nitrogen oxides.

  14. Re:Water Vapor? by Arlet · · Score: 2, Informative

    The amount of water vapor is also more or less constant. If you try to put more vapor in the atmosphere, it will just rain out somewhere else.

  15. Shameless drivel by jandersen · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It is a load of shameless and deceptive nonsense; and does make it better that it is wrapped up in florid language, if you will excuse the pun, hur, hur. "Create a new species"? Even highly educated plant breeders haven't been able to do that, but a car manufacturer manages to do it with a gesture and a lorry-load of hype?

    For a plant species to work well as carbon-capturer, it ought to grow fast (thus producing large quantities of biomass) and it should break down slowly, so the CO2 isn't released quickly again. Gardenias and sages don't really fit the bill - grasses might, some trees might and green algae, perhaps. But I understand, of course - surrounding the offices with a few hectares of slimy ponds isn't as pretty.

    The real mystery is - how on Earth did this make it as far as being mentioned here?

    1. Re:Shameless drivel by xelah · · Score: 2, Informative

      It is a load of shameless and deceptive nonsense; and does make it better that it is wrapped up in florid language, if you will excuse the pun, hur, hur. "Create a new species"? Even highly educated plant breeders haven't been able to do that, but a car manufacturer manages to do it with a gesture and a lorry-load of hype?

      I'm not so sure that 'species' is so well defined a concept when it comes to plants and hybrids that everyone agrees on what is and isn't a new species. However, I distinctly suspect that 'hybrid' got turned in to 'species' somewhere between the grower's mouth and journalist's article. Science journalists in particular seem to love writing complete bollocks that sometimes even flatly contradicts their only source.

      For a plant species to work well as carbon-capturer,

      No-one has said anything about them capturing carbon. They were chosen to capture and degrade other pollutants. Plants /do/ degrade pollutants like formaldehyde and some people buy particular pot plants specifically to reduce volatile organic compounds in their indoor air. (Though you're probably better off buying a proper filter). It sounds like Toyota's gardener has heard of the idea and though 'hmm, maybe I could do that, too' and then made the mistake of allowing their PR department to catch on.

  16. Our New and Improved Toyota Prius by Kreeben · · Score: 2, Interesting

    ...with virtually no impact on environment!* * except for huge fields of Toyota Gardenia (TM), and who doesn't like gardenias?

  17. They're called Triffids... by clickety6 · · Score: 2, Funny

    ...and they eat people, thus reducing pollution.

    It's a rather radical solution.

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  18. In the U.S. ... by rnturn · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Some company like Monsanto will come up with plants like these (available only from them, of course) and patent the whole idea just so they can make a buck off of saving the planet.

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  19. Hypocritical bastards! by fugue · · Score: 2, Interesting

    So they can claim to be "green" while still producing 4Runners and worse. Assholes.

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