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US Students Struggle With Understanding of the 'Equal' Sign
bickerd--- writes with news of research out of Texas A&M which found that roughly 70% of middle grades students in the US don't fully understand what the 'equal' sign means. Quoting:
"'The equal sign is pervasive and fundamentally linked to mathematics from kindergarten through upper-level calculus,' Robert M. Capraro says. 'The idea of symbols that convey relative meaning, such as the equal sign and "less than" and "greater than" signs, is complex and they serve as a precursor to ideas of variables, which also require the same level of abstract thinking.' The problem is students memorize procedures without fully understanding the mathematics, he notes. 'Students who have learned to memorize symbols and who have a limited understanding of the equal sign will tend to solve problems such as 4+3+2=( )+2 by adding the numbers on the left, and placing it in the parentheses, then add those terms and create another equal sign with the new answer,' he explains. 'So the work would look like 4+3+2=(9)+2=11.'"
That's not what = means. = is ASSIGNMENT. They're looking for ==.
Also, on a serious note, from what I recall of the US school system, frankly, the most surprising thing about this is that the problem isn't worse than reported.
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So I'm not being a curmudgeonly old jackass when I think this generation is stupid.
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I blame it on calculators where the evaluate button has "=" on it.
Didn't they just fool the students with odd / non-standard use of symbols?
I presume that 4+3+2=( )+2 is supposed to mean the same as 4+3+2=x+2.
If they had presented the equation with x, surely (almost) everyone would have solved it?
I'm from the UK, is 4+3+2=( )+2 a commonly used / commonly understood way of presenting the problem in the US?
Because I can't figure out how you are supposed to solve such a problem, and I have a BS in Computer Science.
Let's look at the problem:
4+3+2=( )+2
4+3+2 = 9
( ) + 2 = 2
So we have a false equality 9 = 2
Since this is not true, I can easily see how lots of kids would go through contortions to try and make it true.
But unless this is a trick question, why are the setting up false equalities like this for grade school kids?
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It means that even after China abolishes it's sweatshops there will still be a source of cheap unskilled labor in the world.
Let's see here.. I'm going to go with:
4+3+2=(21/3*981727612785316256514034236^0)+2
I have college diplomas in the fields of mechanical and electronic engineering (technologist and technician for the Canadians). I also took all advanced math, physics and chemistry classes in high school. I don't remember ever seeing the notation "4+3+2=( )+2" before.
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"'Students who have learned to memorize symbols and who have a limited understanding of the equal sign will tend to solve problems such as 4+3+2=()+2 by adding the numbers on the left, and placing it in the parentheses, then add those terms and create another equal sign with the new answer,' he explains. 'So the work would look like 4+3+2=(9)+2=11. This response has been called a running equal sign—similar to how a calculator might work when the numbers and equal sign are entered as they appear in the sentence,' he explains. 'However, this understanding is incorrect. The correct solution makes both sides equal. So the understanding should be 4+3+2=(7)+2. Now both sides of the equal sign equal 9.'"
4+3+2 is not equal to 9+2.
No kidding!!! What do you say at this point?
It should be: 4+3+2=x+2 (Solve for x) I don't see the point in substituting parenthesis for a variable. It just makes it more confusing for everyone.
Do your Barbie dolls say "Maths are hard"?
This is one reason why we home school...public school systems fail in so many ways.
A better solution is to find a better school. A better public school, or a private school, or a charter school, or something.
Yes, home schooling can be used to impart better information. You've got a much smaller class size. You've got more attachment to your pupil. You can devote as much time and effort to educating your kid as you feel necessary.
But home schooling pretty much fails to develop a kid's social skills. And I've always felt that one of the more important things that public schooling does is develop social skills.
Home schooled kids don't generally have to put up with schoolyard bullies. They don't have to make friends. They don't learn about compromises and sharing and common interests the way you do when you're surrounded by other people all day long. They don't learn to file the rough edges off their own personality, so that they can get along with others. They don't learn how to put up with other people's quirks and issues. They don't learn diplomacy and tact.
Yes, you can supplement your home schooling with some good social exposures... Send your kid to the park for a good chunk of the day, or get them involved in some kind of sports or clubs... But, from what I've seen, an awful lot of folks who are doing home schooling aren't interested in exposing their kids to much of anything. They're more concerned about sheltering their kid either from harm, or from opposing viewpoints.
Some of the hardest people I've had to work with are those who've been home schooled. They're generally very smart, very well-educated, and completely unable to deal with other human beings.
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But home schooling pretty much fails to develop a kid's social skills. And I've always felt that one of the more important things that public schooling does is develop social skills.
Oh God, I am so tired of hearing this BULLSHIT. What social skills are you talking about? Let's take the U.S. for example. Most people here have been through the public school system, correct? Yet by just about any metric, people here are a bunch of selfish assholes. Look at the divorce rate. Look at the mudslinging on any general public forum like Yahoo message boards. Look at the way people behave on the highway or on Black Friday. People's social skills unilaterally SUCK. I don't believe that homeschooling is going to produce a less socially adapted adult. Really. It's bullshit.
In the elementary and middle-school texts standard notation is rarely used. I've got a doctorate, but helping my kids through their math often is a real stumper. It is very common to use a box, a blank, or a parenthesis to indicate something that they are to fill in in a "number sentence". The theory seems to be that you don't need to teach about unknowns and variables because that would be confusing. So this notation is somehow intuitively obvious to the least observant. As they may not cognitively be ready for the concept it becomes even more obscure. Have a look at the books sometime - you'll want to scream. I can testify that the methods used up until the mid 1960's were MUCH more effective in creating mathematical literacy. The Stanford Studies Mathematical Group (SMSG) series of math texts was, to my memory, the flying wedge of what was termed then "The New Math". The strategies like 4+3+2=()+2 come from that movement. Truth is, the "New Math" is a dismal failure and resulted in the destruction of the mathematical competency of two generations of American students. Unfortunately the math teachers now all came up through that system and have no idea that there is a better way to teach math.
Are you nuts?
"Home schooled kids don't generally have to put up with schoolyard bullies. They don't have to make friends. They don't learn about compromises and sharing and common interests the way you do when you're surrounded by other people all day long."
All the homeschooled kids around where I grew up dealt with all that.
The asshole kids that bullied also bullied the home-schooled kids, granted they did not get to deal with the imported bullies from across town, but a bully is a bully. and they made friends with kids that lived near them.. Plus many were in sports programs with the public school kids. You can be home schooled and play football for your local public school at the same time. They joined lots of extra curricular activities. Many of us were jealous as they typically had a 4 hour school day plus got to take "classes" we never got. One kid was taking a class at the local motorcycle shop for learning small engine repair at 13 years old.
I know you guys love your twisted view of homeschooled kids as all living in basements and named "wolfgang" or "moon-unit-alpha" and are never let outside... but it's not reality. in fact it's pretty darn close to racism in being flat out wrong.
Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
I'm going to guess you're home-schooled, both because of your defensiveness and because of your lack of analytical skills (as opposed to memorization).
And you would be incorrect. Which means that I am a social paragon. Actually, just put me under the column of counter-example.
They made a comparison between two subject groups, which you did not address.
They didn't address it either except with some anecdotal evidence. Most of the socially maladjusted people I have met are products of the public school system. So, there is my anecdotal evidence. It cancels out. Care to bring any actual research to the discussion?
In fact, the existence of bullies undermines the argument, since those folks are by definition not socially well-adapted, and furthermore, they tend not to be "cured" by graduation.
In fact, let's roll with their thesis. Fire all the teachers, principals, etc. and just send the kids into a locked building with no adults for 6 hours a day. Of course, we shall expect them to not only master the social graces, but be experts in automobile engineering, medicine, mathematics, literature, composition, business, and pretty much everything else. Why not? They can learn all that stuff on their own, just like they can learn social skills in an unsupervised setting.
Who is lacking the analytical skills? Really?
The students are the one who made up the =11 part. Try punching it the question "4+3+2= +2" into a calculator and you'll see why. To the students raised on calculators, "equals" doesn't mean equality anymore, it means "what do the numbers up to here add up to?" So they get to " = ( ) " and perform the "what do the numbers up to here add up to" operation, and write the answer in the blank provided. Then they're left with the +2 bit, so they add it again.
Left to right order of operations, for all operations.
If I have been able to see further than others, it is because I bought a pair of binoculars.
Math education in America is pathetic. I went through my nephews High School textbook and there wasn't any MATH in it. There were lots of pictures of butterflies and "Why are we learning this?" columns and the whole thing looked like it was designed to be entertaining, rather than educational. The math was an afterthought, with hardly any problems, no explanations of those problems or how to solve them, and no answers. I was stunned, especially when I learned it was written by four math professors.
There is some argument, of course, that this is on purpose, and that we fail our duties to educate our children because an educated populace would be a danger to those in power. I'm not prepared to accept that, but I do think we've completely failed in our duty, and the uneducated masses of today is evidence enough of that.
My father has a saying, "There's no teaching if there's no learning. Until there is learning, you aren't a teacher, you are simply a presenter". I think we have far too many presenters, and not anywhere near enough teachers.
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Here I am. Cite me: I'm an original source.
My kids go to the public Montessori school in my city. It only goes to 3rd grade, though, and after that they have to transfer. We'd heard good things about another local public school and enrolled my daughter there. It was a fucking disaster.
Examples:
In 3rd grade, she was doing square roots. Her new 4th grade class was starting to learn 2-column addition.
The class had one hour to do math problems 1 through 20 (out of 100). She finished in about 10 minutes because it was remedial to her. For want of something to do, she went ahead and finished problems 21-100. Her teacher called her out in front of the entire class: "The assignment was 1-20, not 1-100. You didn't pay attention."
Since she wasn't allowed to work ahead, she pulled out a book to read. Again, from the teacher: "This is math, not reading. Put that away!" She was literally required to sit quietly in her desk for the remaining time.
Her weekly list of words to memorize for the spelling test on Fridays included "off" and "zoo". In 4th grade. I swear to God that I'm not exaggerating.
She'd cry in the mornings. "Please don't make me go to school today! I hate it there! Can't you tell them I'm sick and work from home and let me stay here with you?" I'd be sad if she was saying those things 6 years from now. Coming from my 4th grader, it broke my heart.
So I went to talk to the principal. He was a nice guy, and I'm a nice guy. We had a great visit and he said he'd work with the teacher to find more challenging work for my daughter to keep her busy and interested. We shook hands and I left.
Within the week, my daughter got detention for "looking bored in class". Shortly after that, she got a 96% on a test. Her teacher asked her (yet again, in front of the class) why she doesn't "get perfect scores on all her tests if [she's] so smart."
That afternoon, I enrolled her in a different local private school. They were doing cubes and long division in math class, and learning Latin and Greek word components in language class.
Sometimes it's not enough to talk to the teachers and administration.
Dewey, what part of this looks like authorities should be involved?
So they don't understand NULL. That's acceptable. 70% of people saw the equation had a memory leak and carried data over into the null that just happened to be the last equation they saw. That happens all the time to a computer program that's not properly debugged. I'm more worried about the 30% of people who saw null and created X. Who are they to just randomly initialize variables to catch an exception that they didn't know was going to come there way any time soon.