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Scientists Cleared of Misusing Global Warming Data

Hugh Pickens writes writes "The NY Times reports that an inquiry by the Commerce Department's inspector general has found no evidence that NOAA scientists manipulated climate data (reg. may be required) to buttress evidence in support of global warming after climate change skeptics contended that e-mail messages between climate scientists that were stolen and circulated on the Internet in late 2009 showed that scientists were manipulating or withholding information to advance the theory that the earth is warming as a result of human activity. 'None of the investigations have found any evidence to question the ethics of our scientists or raise doubts about NOAA's understanding of climate change science,' says Mary Glackin, the agency's deputy undersecretary for operations. The inquiry, requested last May by Senator James M. Inhofe, Republican of Oklahoma, who has challenged the science underlying human-induced climate change, comes at a critical moment for NOAA, as some newly empowered Republican House members seek to rein in the EPA's plans to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, often contending that the science underpinning global warming is flawed. Inhofe says the report (PDF) was far from a clean bill of health for the agency, and that contrary to its executive summary, showed that the scientists 'engaged in data manipulation.'"

77 of 541 comments (clear)

  1. Help me out here by metrix007 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Is there enough statistically significant clear, objective data that is available to be verified that indicates anything with any amount of confidence?

    --
    If you ignore ACs because they are anonymous - you're an idiot.
    1. Re:Help me out here by Charliemopps · · Score: 3, Informative

      No.

      But common sense can tell us dumping huge amounts of a gas into the atmosphere that's poisonous to humans is a bad thing.

    2. Re:Help me out here by khallow · · Score: 2, Funny

      I guess we better stop watering lawns then. Dihydrogen monoxide happens to be both toxic to humans and a greenhouse gas!

    3. Re:Help me out here by jo_ham · · Score: 3, Informative

      Oxygen is also toxic to humans at high partial pressures.

    4. Re:Help me out here by ballpoint · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Last time I checked the atmosphere is not poisonous to humans :)

      And even if we were to burn all obtainable carbon at once, the CO2 concentration would still be several times below poisonous levels.

      --
      Flourescent (adj): smelling like ground wheat.
    5. Re:Help me out here by Sockatume · · Score: 4, Insightful

      That depends on whether you're willing to invoke the True Scotsman fallacy. For sufficiently narrow confidence intervals, there is no valid data for anything.

      --
      No kidding!!! What do you say at this point?
    6. Re:Help me out here by gilleain · · Score: 2

      Oxygen is also toxic to humans at high partial pressures.

      True, but I once thought that oxygen was the world's first pollutant (I even wrote a node to that effect). However, I went to a talk this week by Nick Lane about the origin of life - and he says that it is not oxygen as such, but oxygen radicals. The context was that he was talking about why mitochondria evolved, and that it probably wasn't to protect organisms from the increase in oxygen concentrations caused by the invention of photosynthesis. Indeed, it is the mitochondria that make most of the oxygen radicals.

      Anyway, the point still holds that even though a molecule (like O2) can be beneficial in some concentrations, it can be harmful at others. In the same way that you can die from drinking too much water, or eating too much salt. There do exist compounds that are toxic at all concentrations, but they are as rare as completely non-reactive substances (like gold).

    7. Re:Help me out here by RogerWilco · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I'm no climate scientist, but as I understand it, there is a lot of data that is showing the climate changing. As I understand well above the 95% confidence level.

      The real issue is how much of that is man made. There it's more of an indirect relation, in the sense that the climate has been heating up at a rate that seems to be higher then ever before, since we started putting greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere in large quantities. There are also clues that there is a cause and effect relationship between the two, but as I understand that's less clear.

      The actual climate change can be measured. The increase in greenhouse gasses can be measured. The link between them is a theory dependant on our imperfect understanding and ability to model the climate of the entire world. But there are many other influences as well, like solar cycles, volcanism besides the man made greenhouse emission.

      In the end it boils down to if you want to find out if the theory is correct by waiting to see it happen, or if you dislike the future the theory predicts so much that you want to act now in the hope that if the theory is correct, the worst case scenarios can be avoided.

      A pure experimental scientist would do nothing and see if his theory is right. But some of those guys also use themselves as a guinea pig to test how much G-forces the human body can withstand (John Stapp).
      Sometimes it's not pleasant to see your predictions come true and you might want to try and avoid being able to prove your theory.

      --
      RogerWilco the Adventurous Janitor
    8. Re:Help me out here by Draek · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Pity the same doesn't apply to all the *other* chemicals oil burning puts in the air, though.

      Global Warming has almost been a Godsend to the oil-abusing crowd, as its focused the media's attention on the least harmful side-effect of using their beloved product. Who cares if the world's vegetation is dying in a rain of sulfur? there's not enough data to ascertain the world is getting warmer (and as long as they continue pushing government investigations on anyone that has some, there'll never be), so continuing to burn oil should be perfectly OK.

      --
      No problem is insoluble in all conceivable circumstances.
    9. Re:Help me out here by mbone · · Score: 2, Informative

      Yes, of course. To be blunt, the deniers at this stage are either tools or fools.

    10. Re:Help me out here by elrous0 · · Score: 4, Funny

      All I know is that we won't be safe until we can eliminate all the carbon dioxide from our atmosphere.

      --
      SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
    11. Re:Help me out here by postbigbang · · Score: 2, Informative

      The man-made part has been well established, and indeed your "95% confidence level" makes you clearly no kind of gambler.

      We'll agree that correlation != causation. And we can also agree that if it looks like a duck, quacks like a duck, craps like a duck, it's likely to be a duck.

      So while you're enwrapped in the conjecture of your own tribulations, others of us are trying to warn people, change habits, and save a planet for our great grandchildren. Yeah, it's real, and it's man-made, not the cause of members of Congress' hot fucking air.

      --
      ---- Teach Peace. It's Cheaper Than War.
    12. Re:Help me out here by Layzej · · Score: 4, Interesting

      There really is no evidence of data 'fiddling'. NOAA makes the raw data available. They make the adjusted data available. The process they use to adjust the data (to account for relocation of weather stations/urban heat islands/etc) is also available and part of the peer reviewed literature.

      A retired meteorologist named Anthony Watts did a great job of validating the robustness of the data. He (and a small army of volunteers) rated the weather stations based on how well they met requirements. Weather stations outside of urban areas and away from pavement were rated a 5. Poorly placed weather stations were rated a 1. He had hoped to find that poorly placed weather stations were responsible for the warming trend. In the end it was found that well placed weather stations actually record a greater warming trend. The reason for this may be that the warming trend of poorly placed weather stations is masked by the artificial heat in the area.

      Most locations in the world are oversampled. We have high confidence in the results for those areas. Some locations such as Antarctica are under sampled. We have less confidence in the results for those areas.

      Luckily we also have satellite data since 1979. The satellite data confirms the weather station data.

      We have a very clear understanding of the global temperature. It's going up at a rate that is likely unprecedented over the last 1000 years.

    13. Re:Help me out here by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The presence of carbon dioxide is unbelievably important. "Huge amounts" is relative. Common sense isn't so common; a lot of common sense is fallacious.

      For example, shove all those factories in the middle of a wildlife reserve, pumping their particulate and toxic gasses into the air in the middle of dense forests, separated by swaths of trees. When it rains, the particulate runs to the ground and becomes fertilizer; and the gasses are absorbed by the trees to make sugar. Dense opaque smog would be a problem, as would be high sulfur content; hence we should desulfate the fuels used, or scrub the sulfates from the exhaust.

      See? The location suddenly matters. All that greenhouse gas emission means nothing in the midst of an ecology that thrives on it; but then we cite the specific needs of the ecology and find that a small subset of chemicals in the emissions cause wilting by chemical damage, or block out the sun and prevent photosynthesis.

      So, should we start building up forests around our coal processing plants and oil burning power plants? We could bubble the exhaust through a water-channel airlock shaped such that the fluid flow caused mass turbulence to wash the exhaust, dropping out the particulates, capturing most of the acidic compounds like sulfates... dissolve lime in the water to neutralize the acids, then exhaust it into irrigation nearby. Now the emissions are helpful.

    14. Re:Help me out here by dkleinsc · · Score: 3, Insightful

      We'll agree that correlation != causation. And we can also agree that if it looks like a duck, quacks like a duck, craps like a duck, it's likely to be a duck.

      Or you learn the lesson from dynamically typed computer languages: If it walks like a duck, quacks like a duck, craps like a duck, etc, it's close enough to treat exactly like a duck for all practical purposes.

      --
      I am officially gone from /. Long live http://www.soylentnews.com/
    15. Re:Help me out here by InsertCleverUsername · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Is there enough statistically significant clear, objective data that is available to be verified that indicates anything with any amount of confidence?

      Yes. Anyone honestly interested in understanding this or any other scientific finding can start their education here:
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval

      And once you understand the principles of statistical confidence, you can get some data and run the numbers:
      http://rainbow.ldeo.columbia.edu/datasources.html

      Or you could just trust in the scientific community that does this kind of research for a living to not be part some some enormous, X-files worthy conspiracy.

      Sorry if this all sounds patronizing, but it really pains me when I see people trusting politicians more than scientists.

      --
      Ask me about my sig!
    16. Re:Help me out here by dachshund · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The actual climate change can be measured. The increase in greenhouse gasses can be measured. The link between them is a theory dependant on our imperfect understanding and ability to model the climate of the entire world. But there are many other influences as well, like solar cycles, volcanism besides the man made greenhouse emission.

      While nobody's proven that the current extraordinary warming trend is man-made, scientists have been very successful in ruling out the other causes you mention (even in combination). The current warming is not caused by volcanism, changes in solar radiation levels, etc. Which means that it's either (a) man-made (a theory for which there is good evidence) or (b) it's due to some completely different force that we don't know about (aliens, the earth's core going out of alignment, mutating neutrinos, ok, I kid).

      Either (a) or (b) should be a subject of concern for us. In fact, I think that if you're inclined to rule out (a) then you'd better be working damn hard on figuring out what (b) is.

      But more importantly, while the theory begins with experimental science, it's now mostly an exercise in risk management. We know that there's a phenomenon occurring, we know that it may prove very --- if not catastrophically --- costly to our society, and we know that industrial waste emissions are probably (meaning, with some very reasonable probability) the cause of it.

      So the question is: from a cost-benefit perspective, what's the best thing to do about emission levels today? Obviously the answer to that question depends on your evaluation of all the factors. However, given that the costs seem quite high (especially when you factor in the low-probability outcomes), you don't need anything approaching absolute proof to justify reducing GHG emissions --- even if there's only a moderate probability that it helps, you can justify it against the potential costs. I think that that the science is firm enough to justify pre-emptive GHG reduction.

    17. Re:Help me out here by clonan · · Score: 3, Informative

      We really don't have a choice regardless. Oil IS running out. Wikileaks had some documents from Saudi Arabia showing that thier reserves are actually 40% smaller than publicly advertised. But even if they weren't, even if the oil reserves were infinite, Saudi Arabia is expected to become a net oil IMPORTER around 2040 or so.

      There are only so many place you can drill for oil there and so they have a hard time increasing production while at the same time they are consuming more and more as they grow.

      I read an article two days ago saying that if Algeria goes like Libya then oil will probably hit $220 a barrel by the end of the summer. Oil is no longer a stable energy source.

      Now as the price goes up it will become economical to harvest more difficult sources like oil shale. However with the easy reserves we have right bnow it takes 1 barrell of oil to produce 4-5 barrells of final products. Easy oil shale sources are something like 1:1.5. This may improve a little with development but not by much.

      We can recognize that climate change/global warming is a bad thing and that CO2 is a primary cause and gradually move to other sources OR we can not and be forced to move much more quickly causing much greater economic damage having had a extra 15-20 years of increasing prices.

      What do you think is better?

    18. Re:Help me out here by elrous0 · · Score: 3

      And a whoosh to you, good sir.

      --
      SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
    19. Re:Help me out here by natehoy · · Score: 2, Funny

      I don't understand, how does that not combat global warming?

      Seems to me that a large amount of ice would be an effective way to combat global increases in temperature, yes?

      --
      "This post contains words, known to the State of California to cause thought. Wash brain thoroughly after reading."
    20. Re:Help me out here by bunratty · · Score: 4, Informative

      Who is advocating "throttling back technological advancement"? Reducing carbon dioxide emissions will require lots of new technological advancement, such as clean nuclear power plants that burn their waste instead of leaving it emitting radiation for thousands of years, cheap solar power, advancements in energy efficiency, and carbon sequestration. It's the people who say we shouldn't be reducing carbon dioxide emissions that say we shouldn't be investing in these technologies.

      --
      What a fool believes, he sees, no wise man has the power to reason away.
    21. Re:Help me out here by Layzej · · Score: 4, Informative

      There are certain fingerprints we can look for to determine whether the current warming is caused by increased carbon. For instance in 1896 Svante Arrhenius predicted that nights should warm faster than days if there is an increase in greenhouse gasses. If the warming was due to increased solar activity we should expect days to warm faster than nights.

      There are other indicators as well. With an increase in greenhouse gases we would expect the poles to warm faster than the equator, and winter to warm faster than summer. These are all fingerprints that we are able to detect. This gives us confidence that we are attributing the warming to the correct cause.

    22. Re:Help me out here by natehoy · · Score: 2

      toxic, dangerous carbon was already in the environment, which doesn't magically stop at the surface of the Earth.

      So by that argument, you shouldn't be locking up your bleach and rat poison to keep your young kids from getting at it, because it's already in the environment in your house, which doesn't magically stop at the door to the cabinet.

      No, seriously, debate on the theorized effects of carbon aside, there is a huge difference in terms of impact between any material that's inert (stored somewhere) and the same material once it's been released into the air, water, etc. I'd hope such a point would be pretty blindingly obvious.

      I don't breathe 500 feet underground, nor does my water come from there. Pulling up hydrocarbons and burning them puts shit in the water and air that was not in the water and air beforehand - it was underground, where it's been sitting inert for millions of years. I won't argue whether it's currently necessary to do so, obviously it is, but it's also important to recognize that we're shitting where we eat, and we need to find ways to stop doing that at some point before we run out of potable water and arable land.

      Screw global warming, just the mere fact of pollution is scary enough. In fact, scarier than losing a little land to the ocean and having to move farming further from the equator. We can mitigate a rise in temperatures by finding new arable zones, etc. It's a lot harder to clean hydrocarbons out of the soil and water we need.

      Hell, I live in Maine, a few miles from the ocean at a couple of hundred feet of elevation, on a few acres of well-forested land with a wetland on the property. If the temps went up, I'd have a longer growing season, the ocean would be closer to me, and it'd wash the houses of all the rich summer folk away. Where's the problem again? Bring it.

      --
      "This post contains words, known to the State of California to cause thought. Wash brain thoroughly after reading."
    23. Re:Help me out here by postbigbang · · Score: 2

      Seconded. You can watch the movie, Who Killed The Electric Car, and understand a lot about the fact that technological achievement can provide real solutions and alternatives to the bad habits we've learned.

      Old money is really, really unexcited about changing their investment strategy. Today's commodity oil price structure is hilarious as an example. But there are many sectors that feel threatened by change. And they shouldn't.

      --
      ---- Teach Peace. It's Cheaper Than War.
    24. Re:Help me out here by postbigbang · · Score: 2

      Get enraged. Get real. I'm an engineer. Look at the consequences. Join in, help the world. We're not crying wolf. We're using evidence to help people understand that global climate change has been a direct result of man-made pollutants and policy. It didn't occur 'naturally'. We caused the problem, we can help with the change.

      Yes-- we have to deal responsibly with the solutions we engender. There's no doubt about that. But the payoff is important. We're out-fishing our global stocks. We're causing drastic climate changes. We're polluting as though the world was going to end tomorrow. It's a Gandhi thing-- it starts with you, it starts with me. Together, we use our noodles to claw back normalcy and responsibility, so that future generations don't have a cesspool to live in.

      --
      ---- Teach Peace. It's Cheaper Than War.
    25. Re:Help me out here by solarlux · · Score: 2

      If you think adding barriers to the access of third world countries to the cheapest and most readily available forms of energy will not adversely affect their technological advancement, I really have nothing more to say. It's their development that will dominate the CO2 output over the next 50-100 years. But hey, we got ours, right? Now they can suck it up.

    26. Re:Help me out here by danbert8 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The real question is, in 1000 years, who was right? I see the global warming situation to be the same as the recession. It is a complex system with many variables. Politicians and some scientists (economists) see a potential cause, and suggest a course of action. If they buy in to enact a change, they win either way. Outcome 1: The climate continues to warm (the economy gets worse), their excuse is, we didn't do enough. Outcome 2: Things didn't change or got better, and they claim success. There is no outcome where we can prove they just wasted everybody's time and money, which has far reaching repercussions.

      I want some real evidence that the steps we are taking will do something about the problem if there is one. Maybe the earth is warming, maybe we caused it, but there are still some unanswered questions in my book:

      1) Can we do anything about it?
      2) If we can do something about it, SHOULD WE?
      3) Is the cost of doing something about it less than the cost of mitigating the effects?

      Does anyone have good answers for these questions? From my perspective, the world looks like it can support more life at the warm end of the spectrum... In the long term, we are better off with a warmer climate. In the short term, it may hurt, but isn't that the same situation with rapidly trying to change how we move and use energy?

      Also, I think 95% confidence is rather low for climate change. I can give you a 100% confidence that climate is changing, because it always has, and it always will. The variables that go into climate are not constant, so there is no justification for believing that climate can be constant. That being said, which way would we rather it goes?

      --
      Yes it's an anecdote! Were you expecting original research in a Slashdot comment?
    27. Re:Help me out here by BJ_Covert_Action · · Score: 2

      False dichotomy. I prefer to think of them as the tools of fools.

      But then, I'm just a condescending asshole. :D

    28. Re:Help me out here by Dunbal · · Score: 2

      the inward-opening hatch that operated against the high intra-capsule pressure and took 90 seconds to open; now THAT was the problem...

      Sure - blame the hatch. I mean, had this same fault occurred in space and the hatch been opened in time, they would have been safe, right?

      --
      Seven puppies were harmed during the making of this post.
    29. Re:Help me out here by tgibbs · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Common sense is a poor guide to systems of any complexity. This includes the effects of CO2 on living organisms as well as on climate. CO2 is not poisonous at concentrations projected under any remotely plausible scenario, and CO2 in the atmosphere is essential to life on earth.

      On the other hand, there is a wealth of significant, clear, objective data that indicates that increasing CO2 in the atmosphere will result in global warming (and indeed, has already done so), and there is strong reason to believe that the increased warmth will lead to massive costs, both in terms of money and in terms of harming the well-being of huge numbers of people.

    30. Re:Help me out here by tgibbs · · Score: 2

      Methane is a stronger greenhouse gas, but it is not a big problem (unless something destabilizes ocean methane clathrates) because it does not persist in the atmosphere nearly as long as CO2

    31. Re:Help me out here by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      "Who cares if the world's vegetation is dying in a rain of sulfur?"

      Did you somehow miss the introduction of very low sulphur fuels?

    32. Re:Help me out here by geekoid · · Score: 2

      Yes there is, it's a fact that the world is getting warmer. I'm not sure why you think otherwise.

      --
      The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
    33. Re:Help me out here by rgbatduke · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I disagree. They ignore that there is an extremely strong and longstanding correlation between the state of the sun and the earth's temperature. When the sun is magnetically active, the solar wind and solar magnetic field significantly alter the Earth's magnetosphere, modulating a number of quantities, e.g. the incident flux rate of galactic cosmic rays. The correlations here are statistically supported at an extremely high level, and of course the physical mechanism is well understood. The interesting thing is that -- if you throw out Mann, Bradley and Hughes (as nearly everybody has by now, even though the AGW folks never talk about it) it turns out that the temperature fluctuations over the last thousand years from the Medieval Warm Period through the present are very strongly correlated with solar state. Periods of high solar activity tend to be warm; periods of low solar activity tend to be cool. Periods with no solar activity, such as the stretch from roughly 1640 to 1720 (the Maunder Minimum) are cold -- this is the "little ice age" erased in the MBH hockety stick fit.

      Correlation is not causality, of course, but the fact of the matter is that while CO_2 has more or less monotonically increased for as long as the Mauna Loa record exists, temperature has not, and the fluctuations in temperature nearly perfectly correspond to solar activity variations.

      A recent paper by Svensmark (2007) has studied historical correlations between cloud formation and GCRs. There is apparently a strong correlation between low solar activity, high GCR levels, and higher than normal rates of low altitude, low latitude cloud formation over the last three solar cycles (for which satellites give us good measures of global cloud levels). This is further correlated with relative local cooling, as the high albedo of clouds is well known to be an important modulator of insolation. Svensmark has at least limited direct laboratory evidence that GCR cascades can create nucleation points for cloud formation, effectly "seeding" saturated air to where feedback accelerates overall cloud formation rates, although the hypothesis that this is what is happening is far from proven.

      However, this all by itself is clear evidence that scientists have not been successful in ruling out solar variability as being the primary driver of climate change with CO_2 variation being a relatively unimportant secondary modulator. They absolutely haven't ruled out the causal chain -- experiments are just now underway to test the GCR-nucleation mechanism further.

      It is worth noting in conclusion that we are just now coming off of a century of some of the highest levels of solar activity in the last thousand years, as either directly observed or extrapolated by means of proxies such as C14 or Be10. Those proxies, in turn, are strongly correlated with arctic sea ice levels across the entire Holocene (See Bond et. al, in Science (2001)). Again, mere correlation, but the correlation is compelling. To quote: "Our correlations are evidence, therefore, that over the last 12,000 years virtually every centennial time scale increase in drift ice documented in our North Atlantic records was tied to a distinct interval of variable and, overall, reduced solar output."

      Similar correlations are clearly visible in the direct temperature records since the invention of thermometers (see e.g. Lassen and Friis-Christensen: http:www.tmgnow.com/repository/solar/lassen1.html and more recent work as well).

      The current solar cycle (as some of you may know as I think it was linked here quite recently) has been delayed almost two years and the level of solar activity has been so low that current estimates for the solar peak expected this time are perhaps half of what they have been for the last three cycles, if that. The trend is worth a peek: http://s

      --
      Even when the experts all agree, they may well be mistaken. --- Bertrand Russell.
    34. Re:Help me out here by geekoid · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You suffer from the delusion that other countries need to go through the same advancement order we did.

      There is no reason they can move to Solar, wind, and nuclear without having 100 years of burning coal and oil.

      I cal it the "Sid Meier's Civilization fallacy"

      --
      The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
    35. Re:Help me out here by phlinn · · Score: 2

      I have yet to find an explanation for why the adjustments made to the USHCN show a warming trend for the last century that is larger than the warming trend in the raw data, or why the GHCN adjustment shows a very consistent warming trend for the same period, although it's less than the warming trend in the Raw data at least. That is deeply suspicious. I found this out after the adjustments made to particular station (Darwin Airport in australia IIRC) and RealClimate accused him of cherry picking and plotted the adjustments for a set of stations that didn't show that pattern. I took their accusation of cherry picking to heart, and plotted the adjustments for all stations in both networks. Lo and behold, it would appear that they were cherry picking as well. I was slightly skeptical before. This pushed me into the deep skepticism camp. This not my first time mentioning this in climate threads. Still no real responses though.

      Despite your claims to the contrary, although they post adjusted and raw values, the methods they use for adjustment are NOT well documented in the literature. My personal bet is a mathematical model which artificially magnifies whatever trend is actually present in the data.

      --
      "Pulling together is the aim of despotism and tyranny! Free men pull in all sorts of directions" -- Havelock Vetinari
    36. Re:Help me out here by radtea · · Score: 3, Informative

      The man-made part has been well established

      My problem as a mere computational physicist who has looked at some climate modelling codes, which are nothing but computational physics (being done, for some reason, by climatologists) is that every one I've looked at has significant issues. My very favourite was one that did not conserve energy natively, but had energy conservation imposed upon it by adjusting cell temperatures after every time-step. Why they chose to adjust temperature rather than wettness was not clear, although I guess probably becasuse it was computationally easier as the latter would require an additional adjustment to transport terms lest non-conservation of mass creep in.

      Again, as a computational physicist who has modelled a considerable range of systems from the apparently simple to the obviously complex, GCMs look to me like a collection of ad hoc kludges and hopeful parameterizations. They are perfectly good science, but not even close to what is required for policy setting.

      And the real problem is that there is no argument for anthropogenic climate change that does not pass through climate models as a critical step.

      Ergo, the claim that the human role in climate change is anything like certain is to me just a statement of ignorance about the complex and delicate realities of computational physics, which as I said, is in this case for some reason not being done by computational physicists but by climatologists.

      --
      Blasphemy is a human right. Blasphemophobia kills.
    37. Re:Help me out here by jfengel · · Score: 5, Informative

      I see the global warming situation to be the same as the recession.

      There is one key difference: the recession is a datum observed and then explained after the fact. Global warming was predicted before there was the ability to measure it, as far back as the 19th century.

      It was based on a very simple, reasonably obvious model: CO2 absorbs infrared. Burning fossil fuels increases CO2. That the climate would warm up is a single step in reasoning.

      The details of it are governed by many, many more variables, and as such can be compared to the economy, but it's very important not to be misled by the comparison. This is not a model constructed after the fact, explaining only the data in the past. It is a model which was constructed over a century ago and for which a century of experiment corresponds well with the prediction.

    38. Re:Help me out here by Layzej · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Regarding station data errors, I have an interesting story. People used to judge the brightness of stars by eyeballing and comparing to other stars. A rating of 10 was given to the brightest stars and 1 to the dimmest. Thousands of stars were surveyed by thousands of people. The instruments used for measuring brightness (eyeballs) were very poor compared to what we use today. It was found however that the average of the eyeball results were correct to two decimal places for any given star. By oversampling you can get good results from imperfect instruments. It's also important to note that with temperatures we are only interested in the anomaly - how much did the temperature change vs the same day last year. Any station that has a systemic error of two degrees will keep the same error from one day to the next. It won't record +2 degrees one day and then -2 the next. Since we're only interested in the anomaly it doesn't really matter that it's not recording the correct temperature - only that it is consistent.

    39. Re:Help me out here by flaming+error · · Score: 2

      > The real issue is how much of that is man made.
      Looking forward, I'd say the real issue is what mankind can do to avoid/mitigate any catastrophic changes.

    40. Re:Help me out here by khallow · · Score: 2

      It's funny how the nutcases project their own flaws and insecurities on others. In the meantime, we, crazy people will wait for "evidence" to back up the sane peoples' opinions, before we buy into actions that will have known adverse consequences for the entire human race. After all, why gamble with the planet, right?

    41. Re:Help me out here by Rising+Ape · · Score: 3, Informative

      Global warming was predicted before there was the ability to measure it, as far back as the 19th century.

      There was even a short film made about it in 1958.

    42. Re:Help me out here by danbert8 · · Score: 2

      I question his conclusions. And based on the article, there is quite a lot of dissent in the economic community. From the wikipedia article:

      Climate change threatens the basic elements of life for people around the world — access to water, food production, health, and use of land and the environment.

      If the world gets warmer: Access to fresh water should INCREASE as most of the world's current fresh water is locked up in ice. Food production should INCREASE due to more efficient production of plants with more CO2, more freshwater as stated before, and because more land area will be available for farming. There is debate on health, but I believe it should increase overall, as more people die each year from cold related than to heat related deaths. Finally, use of land should be improved as the majority of the landmass on earth is currently too cold to live on, whereas there are far smaller areas that are too hot to survive in.

      The impacts of climate change are not evenly distributed — the poorest countries and people will suffer earliest and most. And if and when the damages appear it will be too late to reverse the process. Thus we are forced to look a long way ahead.

      The poorest countries will also suffer the most from climate change regulations and trying to switch to renewable energy. The best way we can help the poor is to make them less poor.

      --
      Yes it's an anecdote! Were you expecting original research in a Slashdot comment?
    43. Re:Help me out here by IICV · · Score: 3, Informative

      Wow, you wrote all that and yet managed to miss the fact that for the last thirty years solar activity levels have been going down, while temperature has been going up?

      Seriously, just look at this graph.

    44. Re:Help me out here by tgibbs · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Except that the clear, objective data show the temperature rise LEADING the CO2 level increases.

      It is an elementary error to expect CO2 to necessarily lead temperature increases, as there is a mutual positive feedback between temperature and atmospheric CO2, and there are also other factors influencing temperature. Correct attribution of changes in global temperature requires accounting of all factors impacting temperature, including solar radiation, volcanic eruptions, and human particulate pollution as well as CO2 pollution. When this accounting is done, the data show that the modern rise in CO2 is responsible for most of the modern temperature increase. Citations may be found here

    45. Re:Help me out here by SoftwareArtist · · Score: 2

      And another one: if it's caused by greenhouse gases, we expect the lower atmosphere to get warmer and the upper atmosphere to get cooler. (Greenhouse gases act like insulation by holding heat in. If you add insulation to your house, you expect the inside to get warmer, but the exterior walls to get cooler since less heat is escaping.) If it's caused by increased solar radiation, we expect both upper and lower atmosphere to get warmer (since both are receiving more solar radiation). Guess what? The upper atmosphere has gotten cooler at exactly the same time the lower atmosphere has gotten warmer.

      --
      "I'm too busy to research this and form an educated opinion, but I do have time to tell everyone my uninformed opinion."
  2. Middle East by olsmeister · · Score: 2

    Regardless of the validity of the data or their conclusions, I think the price of oil is going to reign in those pesky greenhouse gas emissions for us.

    1. Re:Middle East by CheeseTroll · · Score: 3, Informative

      Don't forget coal. Unless the citizens of Wyoming, Illinois, West Va, etc. rise up against their regimes, there's no shortage of that pollutant in the US for many years.

      --
      A post a day keeps productivity at bay.
    2. Re:Middle East by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Once gas prices get above ten bucks a gallon or so (pre-tax), it will be cost-effective to synthesize gasoline out of coal via the Fischer–Tropsch process.

      Unfortunately, this will actually increase the amount of CO_2 released per gallon because some CO_2 is released during conversion.

      But hey, after the ice caps melt, sea level can't get any higher, so we've got nothing to worry about, right? Just sell any land you own in Florida or the UK over the course of the next hundred years and buy up some in a new seaside location, like Nevada.

      In a few hundred years we'll all look back on this and laugh, like we do now for the bubonic plague. Heh, those medieval Europeans and not knowing enough to keep diseased rats out of their cities.

    3. Re:Middle East by bunratty · · Score: 2

      Who is proposing stopping human progress? The proposal is to develop new technologies for generating energy without emitting greenhouse gasses, and it's the people who are against reducing carbon dioxide emissions who want to stop or hinder progress in that area. Developing clean nuclear power, solar power, and carbon sequestration is hardly stopping human progress. That's just a straw man. If you had a legitimate argument against reducing carbon dioxide emissions, you wouldn't have to resort to using a logical fallacy in your argument, would you?

      --
      What a fool believes, he sees, no wise man has the power to reason away.
  3. Speaking of CO2 by Sockatume · · Score: 5, Funny

    I'm pretty sure you'd die of asphyxia if you tried to read that opening sentence aloud. Holy run-on sentence, copyeditman.

    --
    No kidding!!! What do you say at this point?
  4. Re:Not really an accurate summary by Interoperable · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The discrepancy doesn't appear to pertain to any climate data or research. Kind of seems like grasping at straws if you want to refute the academic credibility of the entire field (or for that matter, even that one researcher).

    --
    So if this is the future...where's my jet pack?
  5. From the article by Crashmarik · · Score: 3, Informative

    “It also appears that one senior NOAA employee possibly thwarted the release of important federal scientific information for the public to assess and analyze,” he said, referring to an employee’s failure to provide material related to work for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a different body that compiles research, in response to a Freedom of Information request. " Mann's manipulation of data and failure to provide information about his research have been a long standing joke. http://www.technologyreview.com/Energy/13830/ It was really no surprise that he wouldn't want to provide the information. What is a giant surprise is that he is still in a position of any responsibility. Well maybe not so much if you want trillions of dollars to be spent on changing the country's energy economy.

    1. Re:From the article by budgenator · · Score: 2

      It riles me that the press still refers to the Emails, that CRU was legally obligated to release under FOI requests as stolen. The folder they were in was listed as FOI, and was located in a publicly accessible FTP server yet they are consistently called stolen by the MSM.

      --
      Apocalypse Cancelled, Sorry, No Ticket Refunds
  6. Re:It's amusing by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Human beings generally get angry when you accuse them of being involved in a massive global conspiracy to defraud with no evidence.

    Climate skeptics don't ask honest questions, they use questions to imply wrong doing.

  7. Re:It's amusing by jo_ham · · Score: 5, Insightful

    They're not just asking questions though, they're saying things like "global warming is clearly a scam and politically motivated because look at all the snow we've had this year!"

    Science doesn't mind (in fact, it thrives on) genuine critical appraisal of the work being done - it's how we learn and understand and develop more accurate theories.

    What it doesn't support is the supposed "equal rebuttal" techniques used by the media and those with an agenda - you can say "I don't agree" if you like, but you had better have some supporting reason for that, and the distorted "facts" and data used (often not even any data, just opinion and 'common sense') used by those trying to discredit climate change really doesn't stand up to any scrutiny, and people get tired of being faced with "all your science is wrong because of ($easily_discredited_propaganda_talking_point)"

    The trouble is, a lot of the population are easily convinced by ($easily_discredited_propaganda_talking_point), because soundbites and well-funded media talking heads and purchased senators are easier to understand than the often complex science, and the less-than-media-savvy scientists working in the field.

  8. Re:Not really an accurate summary by Sockatume · · Score: 5, Informative

    To be clear, the "lie" in question is a discrepancy in one scientist's account of the origin of a piece of legal advice during an FOI request. It has nothing to do with the science itself.

    --
    No kidding!!! What do you say at this point?
  9. Re:Political show by jo_ham · · Score: 2

    Funny, because a similar report was released in the UK, under a government who is a lot more like the Repubs than the Dems with a "vested interest" (oh yes, and you think the the Republican administration that preceded it didn't have a "vested interest" in the results?)

    Everyone has a "vested interest" in climate change because however it turns out, it is going to affect the human race enormously. We're not going to die out as a species because of it, but it has the potential to change the way we live, even if it is only to affect the nature of the seasons - becoming more extreme on both ends, is going to have an economic and social impact on how we live.

  10. Re:Political show by truthsearch · · Score: 3, Informative

    How does the president have a vested interest in this climate change issue? He doesn't stand to profit financially. Politically it's a tough issue that draws some people in and pushes others away.

  11. Re:It's amusing by Draek · · Score: 2

    If the questions are well-thought and made by an informed, educated person, sure.

    The questions posed by the denialist crowd, however, seldom rise above the level of an user shouting "no, I don't want that nerdy, DOS-thingy on my PC, go back to the graphics!" when you open a terminal to debug his internet connection. The only thing it helps you find out is the threshold of your patience.

    --
    No problem is insoluble in all conceivable circumstances.
  12. Re:It's amusing by gilleain · · Score: 2

    It seems like scientists in this one field get angry if you challenge their conclusions. I'm not sure why they've adopted an Imperial "you dare challenge us, mortal?" attitude over this. I always assumed the more people who ask questions, the better chance you have of finding out problems.

    Well, a couple of reasons.

    Firstly, there aren't many areas of Science where so many people make so many objections. There are relatively few Geocentrics around nowadays, for example. One area that does have this is Evolution, and I can think of a few people *cough*dawkins*cough* who get unreasonably put out by critics. Granted, creationists can be annoying; but a very small subset of their arguments can be at least thought provoking (like "why is this not true?").

    Secondly : politics. I'm sure you know what I mean.

    Third is possibly that the scientists involved think that it is quite important to get it right. I know there are those that don't believe this, but I'm fairly certain that most climate scientists want to get the correct answer - whatever that is - not the answer they would prefer (see : politics). Questions that lead to a more accurate answer are always welcome; questions based on politics, fear, or anger generally are not so welcome

  13. Re:Political show by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    Actually, the Commerce Inspector General was appointed by President Bush. They are independent of the agency they cover, and serve for terms that overlap administrations.

  14. Re:It's amusing by Krau+Ming · · Score: 2

    regarding point #2: the scientists that generate the data (ie: PhD and MSc students) are typically flat broke.

  15. Re:Political show by truthsearch · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Are you actually claiming that if his administration were to uncover fraud in climate science that he'd lose the vote of unions, trial lawyers, gay rights supporters, and civil libertarians? He'd lose the vote of just the few people for whom climate change is the biggest issue.

    And if his agenda were based on fraud that his administration uncovered, he'd simply change his agenda. It's not an embarrassment if his assessments were based on a fraud that he himself uncovered.

    I can not find any conflict of interest here. I think you're looking too hard for one.

  16. Re:Political show by truthsearch · · Score: 2

    Yes, I ignore statements by Rush Limbaugh. Having people from GE on an advisory panel does not profit Obama personally.

  17. Misrepresenting Anthony Watts... by bradley13 · · Score: 3, Informative

    Wow, that's quite a misrepresentation of Anthony Watts website. Pretty much the opposite of his conclusions, in fact.

    Articles on his blog (which sometimes reads more like a scientific journal) show that rural stations often show no warming at all - at least, until they have been appropriately "adjusted" (using methods that are generally not released). Meanwhile, the increasing temperatures of urban stations are not adjusted to eliminate the Urban Heat Island effect. Large parts of the arctic and antarctic are presumed to be warming, even though there are no weather stations within hundreds or thousands of miles.

    Is the climate warming? He would agree with you that the climate warmed through (plus or minus) the year 2000 so, but possibly has now entered a cooling phase. Articles on his blog also show that (a) over decades, there is a warming/cooling cycle that very closely follows solar cycles, (b) that the overall warming trend of the past 200 years predates any significant human contribution to CO2 in the atmosphere, (c) the planet has in the past been warmer than today - in that sense, the recent warming is not "unprecedented", and finally (d) millions of years ago CO2 levels were much, much higher than today, so a higher CO2 level is also not unprecedented.

    In short: the earth warms and cools. We do not understand all of the factors that influence these climate cycles, but CO2 is almost certainly not a precursor of increased temperatures. In any case, a warmer earth is in many ways preferable to a cooling earth. The entire panic about CO2 is politically driven, and many scientists have hooked their wagons to it, in order to get research funding.

    My take is that Anthony Watts wants to present the objective truth - whatever that may be - and to discredit bad science and politically driven science.

    --
    Enjoy life! This is not a dress rehearsal.
    1. Re:Misrepresenting Anthony Watts... by DeadCatX2 · · Score: 5, Informative

      I looked at his web site. He looks like a kinder, gentler climate denier, but still full of propaganda.

      http://wattsupwiththat.com/2011/02/24/inspector-general-finds-noaa-climategate-emails-warrant-further-investigation/#comment-607154

      He made a big post quoting Senator Inhofe that there are still some emails that "warranted further investigation". That line was taken out of context, and one of his commenters added the next sentence to the quote, which totally changed the nature and tone.

      “In our own review of all 1,073 CRU emails, we found eight emails which, in our judgment, warranted further examination to clarify any possible issues involving the scientific integrity of particular NOAA scientists or NOAA’s data. As a result, we conducted interviews with the relevant NOAA scientists regarding these eight emails, and have summarized their responses and explanations in the enclosure.”

      That's taken so badly out of context that this guy should look into getting a job at Fox News. The very next sentence of the quote disproves the entire allegation made by the headline.

      --
      :(){ :|:& };:
  18. how convenient by redemtionboy · · Score: 2

    But who were they cleared by? Scientists! I think I smell some collaboration!

  19. Oh the rumblings of a madman by microbox · · Score: 2

    All that greenhouse gas emission means nothing in the midst of an ecology that thrives on it

    All the greenhouse gas emissions? rotfl, unless by ecology, you mean planet earth.

    Yes, indeed, earth is a very small ecology.

    --

    Like all pain, suffering is a signal that something isn't right
  20. This is simply not true... by rgbatduke · · Score: 5, Informative

    If you have actually followed the debate that arose over the infamous "hockey stick" graph that erased the medieval warm period and little ice age (McIntyre and McKittrick) and sundry additional papers since, you know that while they may or may not have done anything to the data per se, they've abused the hell out of statistical analysis, for example experimenting with untested and unstudied methodologies until they get one that shows warming, then publishing results obtained using it without giving any hint of the fact that what they are doing is most sketchy. I've been following this with great interest for just under a decade now, and IMO there is absolutely no question that this has been repeatedly done in the past (by MBH and nearly all the papers on which any of them have collaborated) and continues to be done today. And I won't even go into the bristlecone pine problem and the general problem of using tree-ring proxies for temperature when tree ring thickness is not a monotonic function of temperature only.

    For example, a recent paper was published in Science (Steig) that claimed that the Antarctic is warming at an alarming rate. I've read over the paper and the counterchallenge to the statistical methodology used (which basically coarse grained thermal sensors on the thin peninsula that sticks out into the ocean from continental Antarctica until their generally warming trend overwhelmed the generally and clearly trend of the mainland). This all involved infilling data on continental thermal sensors on the basis of temperatures basically on the other side of the continent, an effect clearly visible if one computes the (infilled) sensor-sensor correlation as a function of sensor separation. The actual real (not infilled) sensor-sensor correlation falls off with distance fairly rapidly, as one might expect (Chicago weather isn't like LA's weather). The infilled correlation function shows substantial station correlation out at two or three thousand kilometers. If one simply includes one more principle component in the PCA, this effect disappears, and so does most of the warming; cooling for the last 30 years appears instead.

    Is this lying with or manipulating data or simple lack of competence with statistics? You decide.

    A reliable statistical estimate of warming of the sort that somebody with no horse in the race might do (and the sort that is done in computing the actual global average temperature from satellite data) shows moderate warming from 1957 to 1980, and cooling from 1980 to 2010. The latter, of course, confounds the predictions that as CO_2 goes steadily up, everything gets warmer; the fact that the fifty year warming is completely negligible is anathema to the scientists who make a living from the AGW hysteria.

    Of course, anyone in the world who wants to can go read the climategate emails (or the comments in the actual hockey stick code), where it is made perfectly clear that the "hockey team" set out to erase the MWP and LIA and does anything and anything necessary to defend the AGW conclusion, right up to having journal editors fired if they dare to print a paper that concludes otherwise. Perhaps science is broad enough that they did all of this in good faith, although if they pulled these sorts of shenanigans in medical research e.g. verifying drug safety there would be immediate, permanent, negative sequellae. But it doesn't make it good science.

    Anybody who actually understands statistics and things like R^2 and principle component analysis can read over things and judge for themselves, of course. If I point out that R^2 for the infamous hockey stick graph in the extrapolated region was basically 0, you will understand exactly what that means...

    AGW may or may not be true, but so far it has been a poster child for confirmation bias, incredibly poor statistical analysis, cherrypicking of data (of course it has happened and continues

    --
    Even when the experts all agree, they may well be mistaken. --- Bertrand Russell.
    1. Re:This is simply not true... by Layzej · · Score: 4, Insightful

      It is not true that satellites show cooling from 1980 to 2011. In fact, quite the opposite. They agree with land based measurements: http://www.woodfortrees.org/plot/uah/from:1980/to:2011/plot/rss/from:1980/to:2011/trend/plot/rss/from:1980/to:2011

      It is also not true that O'Donnel found cooling in Antarctica in his critique of Steig 2009. He found warming. It is also not clear that O'Donnel's methods are better. Perhaps they are, but if so, this doesn't make the authors of Steig 2009 liars or incompetent. There will surely be a response to O'Donnel 2010 that further improves the results. This does not make the authors of O'Donnel 2010 liars or incompetent.

    2. Re:This is simply not true... by jwhitener · · Score: 2

      The one thing I don't get about people who are skeptical of the consensus, is that you can throw out Mann's work if you want, and there is still mountains of evidence left supporting AGW. I don't know much about Steig's Antartic paper, but I would be willing to bet that you could throw his out also, and find other papers by other research teams that come to similar conclusions.

      Here are 3 completely separate 2000 year climate graphs shown together, from 3 different teams using 3 different methods.
      http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/globalwarming/paleolast.html

      Links to more evidence and explanation
      http://www.grist.org/article/series/skeptics/

      I don't have the expertise to judge the methods or conclusions of the scientists who research climate, but as long as there is a consensus on many of the issues, I feel that I would be foolish to ignore them. In some ways, it is almost like refusing to drive over any bridge because you can pick out a few incompetent engineers who designed bridges that failed in the past.

  21. Key Sentence to the Whole Article by rubycodez · · Score: 2, Informative

    This is another meaningless assertion made by a political organ absolutely unqualified to make any statement on the matter. Note the sentence "The report was not a review of the climate data itself." The Commerce Department can't clear someone of misusing scientific data, this is as stupid a congress declaring there was no data manipulation a day after the "climategate" leaks hit the news.

  22. You're smoking something by Kludge · · Score: 5, Informative

    The entire panic about CO2 is politically driven, and many scientists have hooked their wagons to it, in order to get research funding.

    Yeah, I'm sure you're an atmospheric physicist. No? Well, I have news for you. As a scientist who has worked in multiple fields I can tell you that scientists do not take positions just to get research funding. Yes, there may be an occasional bad apple who does, but they are very few. The large number of scientists who have looked at the data and run computer simulations (not you), and have reached a common conclusion is insurmountable.
    Your statement is deluded and insulting.

  23. Re:Who says the ice is melting? by bunratty · · Score: 3, Informative

    Look at the link I provided. NASA is saying the Antarctic ice is melting. Watts is looking at the area of ice, not the volume or mass. NASA is measuing the mass of ice.

    If you put a compacted snowball in a tub of water, and as it starts melting and covers the surface of the tub, do you conclude that the ice is increasing because the area of ice is increasing? Or do you need to measure the volume or mass of the ice to determine if it's melting? If you ask me, the area has increased because it's melting and breaking up.

    --
    What a fool believes, he sees, no wise man has the power to reason away.
  24. Re:No Surprise by Sockatume · · Score: 2

    Had the emails been from any other discipline, the accusations would not have been made.

    --
    No kidding!!! What do you say at this point?
  25. No surprises here. by jafac · · Score: 2

    EVERYONE learns this in Freshman - I'm talking HIGH SCHOOL FRESHMAN - Science class. The Scientific method is a process. You write your hypothesis. You design your experiment. You collect your data. You eliminate outliers and match the data to a model that helps predict - according to your hypothesis and formula(e). Will the predicted FUTURE data have outliers that don't come out of your formula(e)? Of course. But if the gathered data fit the curve, that's a pretty good indicator that your hypothesis was a good guess. This is like, the most basic concept in Science that there is. It's not fraud in any sense of the word.

    Everyone learns this. Everyone is required to take at least this minimal level of Science education; at least to get the High School diploma.

    Compare this . . . to the blatant skullduggery that goes on in the pseudoscience of Economics. . . the counterargument that limiting Carbon via Economic Policy - is going to "harm our economic growth". (as if deregulation and tax cuts from 2000-2008 have not CLEARLY and demonstrably done so!). Go on, Doctor Economics. Take your payoff from the Heritage Foundation for your "consultation" - and don't bother to cite your affiliation on your "scientific paper". We believe you. And your Invisible Hand.

    Hell. Let's call this a basic reasoning FAIL - on the part of an entire nation. An entire civilization. An entire species. WTF?

    --

    These are my friends, See how they glisten. See this one shine, how he smiles in the light.