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Editing Wikipedia Helps Professor Attain Tenure
Hugh Pickens writes "Lianna Davis writes in Watching the Watchers that Michel Aaij has won tenure in the Department of English and Philosophy at Auburn University Montgomery in Alabama in part because of the more than 60,000 edits ... he's written for Wikipedia. ... Aaij felt that his contributions to Wikipedia merited mention in his tenure portfolio and a few weeks before the portfolio was due two of his colleagues suggested, after they had heard him talk once or twice about the peer-review process for a Good Article, that he should include it under 'research' as well as 'service.'"
Maybe this guy needs to list Editing Wikipedia as his primary job and Professor at Auburn University as his 2nd job?
He makes a reference to wikipedia and gets tenure, but my lecturers threaten with the guillotine if I do the same!
*humbug*
My -1 Troll is actually a +1 funny. And my -1 flame is actually a +1 insightfull.
tl;dr... Does it say how many articles he deleted in order to gain tenure?
If he's editing articles in his field, which will be a lot of people's first port of call when learning about it, then he's providing a valuable service to his discipline. If academics want Wikipedia to be a better and more accurate resource, they know what they can do about it...
... on what percentage of the edits were to pages on old Star Trek episodes and anime? The over/under is 75%.
Working...
Actually...can that really be called tenure at all? I mean...isnt it more like a job contract for an extended period?
Seeing that the point of tenure is so you can juggle research and teaching?
I keep hearing that..."unless he/she touches a child" and some anectode about how lusy their teachers were, but why did they get such protection in the first place?
A theory of mine is that US high school might have put up some standards upon teacher that Universities use....and the teacher required some tit for tat...but...i dont know...
My -1 Troll is actually a +1 funny. And my -1 flame is actually a +1 insightfull.
I'm not sure what Watching the Waters is, but this article is an exact copy of what's in the wikimedia blog.
Of course it doesn't actually matter, since any edit by anyone who isn't a 60000+ contributor will automatically be reverted. This is a one-off, with no long-term significance. Wikipedia is phenomenally hostile to anyone who isn't already an established part of the wikiscape.
To boot, this appointment is almost certainly crooked, but that's a separate matter and has nothing to do with WP directly.
{Citation needed}
We're in a job search right now for two tenure-track professors in a Physics Department. None of the five candidates interviewed so far has mentioned Wikipedia. I'm pretty sure that if one did, he wouldn't gain any credit by doing so.
Our department made recommendations for a tenure decision earlier this year. No mention of Wikipedia in the supporting materials for that candidate, nor have I ever seen such a mention. I am pretty sure that neither my colleagues nor the administrators involved in granting tenure would give any credit for editing Wikpedia.
Michael Richmond "This is the heart that broke my finger."
mwrsps@rit.edu http://stupendous.rit.edu
And in other news, a group of gamblers has won tens of millions of dollars in a lottery, a woman has had her 115th birthday, a park ranger has been struck by lightning seven times, and a couple who met on Slashdot are celebrating their 10th anniversary.
http://alternatives.rzero.com/
A search of the Auburn Montgomery website, produces several "News & Events" hits which show Dr. Aaij giving public lectures and supporting student scholars. A Google Scholar Search on Michel Aaij shows a regular publication record in peer reviewed journals dating back to the late 1990s, at least. This guy is a good scholar and, from the article, strikes me as a good colleague, even without the Wiki contributions. He deserves tenure. The fact that he found the time for this other form of service/scholarship on top of his other work is very commendable and I'm glad to see it included in his portfolio. The fact that this did make it into his portfolio is better for Wikipedia than it is for Dr. Aaij, who I think wouldn't have gotten tenure no matter what. In any case, I say "Congratulations, Dr. Aaij!"
The first principle is that you must not fool yourself - and you are the easiest person to fool. -Richard Feynman
Well, since he is working for a public university that is subsidized by tax dollars, it is nice to see him giving back to the community at large. I, for example, work at Ohio State and our purpose statement is "To advance the well-being of the people of Ohio and the global community through the creation and dissemination of knowledge." In my humble opinion, I find it hard to see how updating Wikipedia doesn't support that vision.
In a way, this should fall under public outreach, so yes, I could see this falling under helping tenure. (assuming that he's maintaining pages in his field, and not just his favorite TV shows ... unless his field is pop culture, of course)
The 'peer review' aspect requires it to have been judged by his peers, and I don't know that other wikipedia editors would be considered academic peers, even if there's a review process.
Now, there is a need for tenure to be granted on more than just writing journal articles; we (of the data informatics community) have been arguing for years that a scientist who dedicates their career to collecting really good observational data, or processing and curating it for the use of others, if given less credit than the person who writes a bad paper written using that same data.
And besides:
Build it, and they will come^Hplain.
Nothing in the article suggests to me that his wiki editing helped him get tenure. In fact, it even says: "Michel expects his academic C.V. was strong enough to support his tenure without his Wikipedia contributions". There's no connection between the two. This is like saying that, since his name was also on his C.V., being named Michel helped him get tenure.
The tenure process is supposed to identify good teachers and alleviate job security issues so they can focus on their teaching and provide continuaity to any reaserch they may be working on.Now that does not mean everyone who has received tenure deserves it. It can be a subjective and often political process when deciding to grant tenure. If this guy cared enough about making sure the information on Wikipedia was valid I would include that effort when deciding whether or not to grant tenure.
An edit by anyone who doesn't follow the policies and guidelines or makes an edit that makes an article worse will be reverted.
FTFY
What a fool believes, he sees, no wise man has the power to reason away.
It's too bad that this happened at Auburn, as it's often otherwise a negative example. It is, after all, the school where a prof. recently bowdlerized Huck Finn by editing out the word "nigger," a moved decried by people a sensitive to race issues as Ishmael Reed. Now that's "scholarship" you don't want to imitate. I could offer further reasons that no program wants to imitate Auburn, but saying too much would cause problems for friends.
It's also excellent writing practice.
Writing is a good exercise for organising your thoughts, and having to explain some of your edits (and sometimes fight over them), makes you analyse exactly what you are trying to express and makes you check your sources.
Wikipedia is also ahead of academia in some aspects. On writing source, Wikipedia is usually way more precise. While academia requires that a fact be referenced with "Benkton, J. 2004", which means nothing to most people and not precise at all, Wikipedia requires (or at least encourages) authors to give the authors name, the name of the article/book, and optionally a quote, page number, and other info - and Wikipedia provides ways for readers to question the relevance of sources or ask for more precision.
Wikipedia will be on my CV, next time I have to write one.
Expert in software patents or patent law? Contribute to the ESP wiki!
but why did they get such protection in the first place?
Two words, Teacher's Union.
Hostile much? I have under 4000 edits, almost all of them vandalism removal related and any time I make a content update, it sticks. Even when I was much lower in edits they stuck and I was actively encouraged to edit more with constructive edits than simple removal of obvious vandalism. Did you source your edits? Non-grammatical edits without source from users with low edit counts that haven't been mentioned on the discussion page do tend to be reverted as the volume of edits makes trying to discover information sources very difficult. My guess is not that the community was somehow biased against you, but that you may have been doing something outside of community guidelines (even if unintentionally). Wikipedia editors have a hard job when it comes to sorting out useful submissions from harmful ones and will tend to err on the side of caution.
AJ Henderson
Is there any evidence whatsoever that his inclusion of Wikipedia-editing made any difference in whether he tenure or not? It's entirely possible that he would've received it had he not included the mention. This is a perfect case for the 'correlation is not causation' crowd that always pops up around here, yet nobody seems to have brought it up yet.
It appears that a lot of the reverters attempt to exert undue control over an article's text and give Wikipedia a bad name.
Another word.... "Duh"
I asked for the argument for the practice the that the evil union overlord made.
My -1 Troll is actually a +1 funny. And my -1 flame is actually a +1 insightfull.
I have less than a dozen edits. Several are still intact. A few were replaced by more detailed edits. One I disagree with but life goes on.
She was like chocolate when she drank... semi-sweet at first and then increasingly bitter.
I asked for the argument for the practice the that the evil union overlord made.
Give us more money; it's not yours, anyways.
Of course, he just wrote a script that adds "That's what SHE said" to the end of every article. That's still better than the average Wikipedia edit...
While academia requires that a fact be referenced with "Benkton, J. 2004", which means nothing to most people and not precise at all, Wikipedia requires (or at least encourages) authors to give the authors name, the name of the article/book, and optionally a quote, page number, and other info
You really should try to read a scientific paper from start to finish, just once in your life. At the end, you will find a section called 'references'. Surprisingly, this contains the author's name, the name of the article/book, page number, and even other info.
Don't bother sending your CV just yet.
It IS a subjective and ALWAYS political process when deciding to grant tenure.
There, fixed that for you.
I am a PhD molecular biologists with expertise in areas like gel electrophoresis, PCR, etc
I no longer contribute to wiki for two reasons:
1) because of the license, people can take my work and resell it for a profit; I don't mind people reusing it, but the thought of some biz marketing type making (probably a right wing free market wierdo) making money off of my work seems just wrong
2) I am tired of morons editing my work, and making it worse; for instance, the article "dna sequencing" has gotten worse over the last year or so - things I put in, that were correct, and (immodestly) not to bad, were changed to things that were incorrect and poorly written, wit serious spelling and grammar errors (not like this email which i am dashing off quickly)
Yes i know polemics are fun....but go away.
My -1 Troll is actually a +1 funny. And my -1 flame is actually a +1 insightfull.
She did not write that for Watching The Watchers - she wrote it for the Wikimedia Blog and they just took it. Please correct this and link to the original source.
http://rocknerd.co.uk
In my opinion, undue control over an article begins where a reverter neglects to leave an edit summary beyond the default "(Undid edit by X)" and/or fails to defend a revert on a talk page.
but why did they get such protection in the first place?
Because of unions.
And perhaps it is indeed more like a "job contract for an extended period". "extended" meaning "until retirement".
Slashdot social media options: AIM, ICQ, Yahoo, Jabber and Mobile Text. Why no MySpace?
If you want to get information into an article, try citing scholarly or mainstream media which in turn cite the first-party "manufacturer's technical brochures". Wikipedia is not about the world; that'd be original research. It's about the reaction of the scholarly and mainstream media to the world.
on wikipedia...****sending her this article**** :-)
Unfortunately, for every "gifted Masters student" writing in Wikipedia there are three angry fourteen-year-olds focused like lasers on advancing some social agenda or another.
This is good to hear. At the Encyclopedia of Life (eol.org), a website that is aggregating scientific information for all 1.9 million named species, curators are encouraged to edit Wikipedia content where it is appearing on a species page. One challenge, of course, is getting academics to devote valuable time to this type of service work. Institutional recognition for these contributions seems to be on the increase as alternative forms of academic contributions become more widespread. The education group for EOL (education.eol.org) is also encouraging instructors of biology related courses to use the EOL LifeDesk tool as a way for their students to make contributions to science through the writing of species accounts. The species accounts can be published to EOL. This exercise is both motivating and rewarding for students who have a chance to make a real contribution rather than writing a more typical term paper that will likely be thrown out when the course is complete.
Twenda Learning: Educational Apps that Engage.
This in turn leads to less social mobility and increased stratification of society, both of which are bad IMO.
You don't really think any sensible person will take the time to follow your "documentation," do you? What with all the random bolding and capitalization it looks like a ransom note.
What? I keep asking the librarian how to find the book [1] and keep getting told off..
ive been telling folks for the longest that wikipedia is credible.
If he spent 5 minutes per edit, the he is claiming to have spent the equivalent of 125 40-hour weeks editing Wikipedia. If these "edits" are comprised of correcting or improving factual information, then 5 minutes is a reasonable estimate for accessing he article, reading the error, possibly looking up some information (on Yahoo Answers probably) and writing his contribution.
If his contribtution was merely fixing the "there/their" errors as he encounters them, then, that's nice of him but hardly the basis for a promotion.
Of course, the article only says that he listed his Wikipedia "service;" we don't know that it was a factor in the university's decision.
I was going to reply that it's not so, but I checked Wikipedia first. And guess what, my last edit (a page creation with references and everything) has been cited as a candidate for deletion. So yes, it seems Wikipedia is becoming a closed circle of 60000+ club
For those of you who don't know who APK is, he's a rather completely insane person who registered on ars a few years back, tried to spam his worthless do-nothing utility shareware junk, got roundly thrashed, and then started lashing out at anyone he could get his hands on (at one point, he was convinced that I was MWNH, and he thought that I had "stolen" his software, that's an example of how loopy things got. And of course he registered as APK on OSY, got banned, registered again as APK1, got banned again, I emailed Road Runner (his current ISP) about his email abuse, and then things sort of stopped.
THREE AND A HALF YEARS LATER, I get this in my mailbox:
From: APK
Sent: Monday, December 06, 2004 3:06 AM
Subject: Remove this page from your forums due to myself being impersonated there, thank you... apk
http://www.pegasus3d.com/cgi-bin/ikonboard/topic.cgi?forum=1&topic=10
I did not post that, & it's criminal impersonation, which carries legal implications.
(Thank you for your cooperation, and I am sure you do NOT want that kind of thing on your forums!)
Sincerely,
Alexander Peter Kowalski
apk
Okay, that is a nearly four year old forum post he's complaining about. And apparently he's forgotten the whole exchange where he was banned from OSY, and he's forgotten about how he thought I was MWNH, and so forth. So I decided to have a little fun with him. If he's complaining about someone "impersonating" him, that opens up a whole neat metaphysical area for jokes at his expense.
I reply back:
How do I know you're the real APK and not an impostor?
About half an hour later, he replies:
Check my email @ www.ntcompatible.com if you wish, I post there as AlecStaar.
(Thank-You!)
Sincerely,
Alexander Peter Kowalski
apk
So, clearly, it's the real APK. But is this any kind of proof of that? And where's the proof that the APK on OSY 1.0 wasn't the real APK? And who would care anyway?
So let's see if I can't have some fun here. I'll start out all polite:
Hello,
I have found this "AlecStaar" poster on www.ntcompatible.com that you are talking about, but I have two problems: 1) There is no email address listed so I have no way to correlate "AlecStaar" with apk4776239@hotmail.com, and 2) There is no proof that "AlecStaar" is in fact the real APK!
You can see my dilemma. What if this is merely a ruse by an APK impostor to try and get people to delete APK's messages, perhaps all over the web? I can't be a party to such an event!
Within 15 minutes came the reply:
Well, ask anybody there if you wish... That's easily done. Many of them know who I am, & also what my email is.
Perhaps, the best/easiest way to check that is to write the webmaster there:
Philipp@NTCompatible.com
He & I often correspond & can verify who I am & what my email is.
Thanks!
APK
P.S.=> Whatever the case may be, my attorney's being forwarded this information just so you are aware of that as well. He is on retainer each year, & I get my money's worth from him each year for said retainer... he is advising me to advise you of this, & also what this is about, etc. apk
Oh noes! He's got a virtual lawyer on virtual retainer! And he's advising me to advise me of this! What to do????
The only way to beat virtual lawyers is, of course, with virtual lawyers:
Well, the question then becomes, how do the fine people at www.ntcompatible.com know that you are the true APK? Perhaps your account history there has been an elaborate ruse, designed to build up a trust which you can then use to deceive people all over the web in order to get them to delete messages from the true APK! I've read up on stories of ident
Professor Wikipedia
For everyone out there saying that this could only happen because Auburn University Montgomery is not a real university, I happen to that there is at least one Fields' medalist who spends a lot of time editing Wikipedia articles in mathematics (which have gotten very good in the last few years).
I've never found this so. But ofcourse, I write about technical topics of which I know a lot. Not about stuff I don't know anything about but have strong opinions on.
Therefore, by the (faulty) logic you're using, you're just a cow with a keyboard - osu-neko (2604)
oh god this guy is a hoot.
he's been posting on most of my recent posts and he has even decided that all the other people laughing at him are me using extra accounts and ACing.
Of course since you are an AC that means you are me as well.
we're all against him!
(as are the voices)
You trolled him and now you're being trolled in return. I read what he wrote and you are only getting back what you started HH. If you don't start none, you get none. Try to keep that in mind the next time you troll somebody I say. I read what he wrote and it seems you started up with he for no reason right out of the blue. Your reaction complete with profanity and name calling isn't helping your case. It's weakening it. He only points to where you started up with he and now he is doing it in return to you. Serves you right and perhaps you can learn by it and improve yourself instead of being the immature 20 something you appear to be when I read the posts he put up. Grow up man, and quit bitching about it. You had it coming I figure.
actually that's one of a number of posts, he's been stalking me for quite some time.
others appear to have had similar experiences with him.
Oh, I know who THIS is replying - Hello Jeremy Reimer, you utter noob and KNOWN troll AND SELF-PUBLISHED "LULU LuuuuZer", lol! Known PLAGIARIST is more like it (Doug Engelbart ring a bell?)
Especially around THIS place (/.)!
Note the "mod up" on that post? Others KNOW you arseholes are just that & it's FAR from a "1st" with you coming around trolling me or trying to, as you did here:
http://tech.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=1300193&cid=28678549
SO, per my subject-line:
How's your stripper wife doing? Just think Jeremy - next time you kiss her, when I had her give me head for a couple of bucks (yes, I did this & she took the money, but gives LOUSY head, lol!)??
You're "tasting me"... lmao!
(See subject line too... we ALL know you can't get a decent job that pays any good, so you use her as your "meal ticket"... lmao!), Here we go, to dismantle your LIES point-by-point:
---
"And apparently he's forgotten the whole exchange where he was banned from OSY" - by Anonymous Coward on Friday April 08, @02:12PM (#35760868)
Ahem: I NEVER JOINED YOUR SHITTY LITTLE "FORUMS" BOARD JEREMY - you IMPERSONATED ME THERE, and, YOU ADMITTED IT!
PROOF:
http://tech.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=1300193&cid=28685295
You had to remove all kinds of shit you did to me, like even pictures of myself altered in a "non-flattering way" (talk about CHILDISH)... lol, you LOSE, you FAIL... it is the ONLY THING YOU'RE ANY GOOD AT IN FACT!
Why no kids Jeremy? Need a "splint" down there, OR just a "dose of viagra"?? LOL!
---
"Anyway the "APK" registered here is just an affectionate clone of the original. In fact I prefer him to the original." - Jeremy Reimer - March 25, 2005
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22OSY%22+and+%22affectionate+clone%22+and+%22Reimer%22&btnG=Search
---
You can't hide the fact YOU impersonated ME on your forums Reimer & all I ever did was ask NICELY that you remove that b.s.!
In the end?
Well, you got caught & humiliated for it too...
Funniest part was FLOORING that fat fool Jay Little on Exchange Server (which he said, verbatim, he was an "expert on exchange") over @ Windows IT Pro where YOU & HE stalked me to no less (alongside Jarrett DeAngelis/starkruzr http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=230833&cid=18830875 ) & YOU ALL lost badly to me!
(With even your helpers running in Jay Little, & posting "Death Threats" directed MY WAY, which his hosting provider then CrystalTech removed his website for, as well as another such threat on petitiononline.com Jay made)...
Yes - as shown in the URL above, Jarrett DeAngelis/StarKruzr, was the next person you used, because you don't have enough KNOW HOW/saavy in the computer sciences realm to try to take me on, & he?
LMAO - StarKruzr/Jarrett DeAngelis ended up AGREEING w/ 99% of what I wrote in fact, & he was a doctoral student ONLY in those days... but far in advance of yourself OR Jay Little, by far, technically.
What did he agree to? 15 points in favor of memory optimizers not even Dr. Mark Russinovich could dispute OR disprove!
(Dr. M.R., whom I have worked as a peer with for SunBelt software & I have corrected HIS work before in Pagedefrag.exe also due to his ROOKIE hardcodes used, I couldn't BELIEVE It, but it shows that he is more 'programming oriented' (actually REVERSE ENGINEEING oriented) than a tech/networker. etc.)).
---
Hell, you just did what the police & IS
OK: Anyone is free to look @ the link I posted to you before here:
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=2071668&cid=35756728
That cuts YOU, and Jeremy Reimer to shreds (Reimer's now posting here as AC in reply here now, because I have his emails saved here to this day & know whose those are) and I said what I had to, the truth vs. his fictions/lies & worse, here to he -> http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=2074342&cid=35762566 in this very exchange.
You arseholes from ArseHoleTechnika? You're pitiful!
HOWEVER: Nearly the ENTIRE INTERNET's ONTO YOUR GAMES, which is WHY Arstechnica is dying... or, is Ken Fisher BEGGING people to come to their forums & take adbanner views not "indicative thereof"?
See below, & the dirty tricks HE played on arstech users too, no less:
----
An experiment gone wrong - By Ken Fisher | Last updated March 6, 2010 11:11 AM
http://arstechnica.com/business/news/2010/03/why-ad-blocking-is-devastating-to-the-sites-you-love.ars
"Starting late Friday afternoon we conducted a 12 hour experiment to see if it would be possible to simply make content disappear for visitors who were using a very popular ad blocking tool. Technologically, it was a success in that it worked. Ad blockers, and only ad blockers, couldn't see our content."
and
"Our experiment is over, and we're glad we did it because it led to us learning that we needed to communicate our point of view every once in a while. Sure, some people told us we deserved to die in a fire. But that's the Internet!"
Thus, as you can see? Well - THAT all "went over like a lead balloon" with their users in other words, because Arstechnica was forced to change it back to the old way where ADBLOCK still could work to do its job (REDDIT however, has not, for example). However/Again - this is proof that HOSTS files can still do the job, blocking potentially malscripted ads (or ads in general because they slow you down) vs. adblockers like ADBLOCK!
----
Nuff said... & ARSTECHNICA USED A KNOWN "hacker/cracker" trick called a "Web Bug" to do it no less... funny, it didn't stop folks like myself that use HOSTS files, .PAC files, & custom CSS files, instead of AdBlock alone/only though!
APK
P.S.=> Keep coming & telling more "tall tales/fibs" (lies as usual)... I'll keep "shooting them down" point-by-point, just as I did yourself, here today:
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=2071668&cid=35756728
Too easy... truth always IS the best route, especially when you can back it up easily, vs. trolls! apk
I am not HungryHobo. I just have no interest in acquiring a nutjob follower such as you, so I posted my comment AC.
Bullshit:
"I am not HungryHobo. I just have no interest in acquiring a nutjob follower such as you, so I posted my comment AC." - by Anonymous Coward on Saturday April 09, @09:33AM (#35766938)
Bullshit.
(Also - When you get your PHD in Psychiatry, and a license to practice it professionally, as well as years-to-decades of hands on professional practice alongside a formal examination of myself in professional settings for psychiatric examination? Then, perhaps only MAYBE then, can you make assessments of anyone's mental state... including my own - because until then, you're libelling myself... and you KNOW it, coward!)
APK
P.S.=> You're a COWARDLY LITTLE WORM who trolls others and runs like the little bitch you are... period! apk
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=2071668&cid=35756728
(LMAO - That shows everyone here reading just how much of a lying, libelling, & trolling stalker + UTTER STUDENT NOOB "ne'er-do-well" that YOU REALLY ARE, HungryHobo!)
APK
http://www.windowsitpro.com/article/internals-and-architecture/the-memory-optimization-hoax#feedbackAnchor
Jeremy Reimer's bullshit above is shot down in flames easily just by reading that exchange & seeing how Reimer IMPERSONATED ME on his own forums, then after being asked nicely to remove it, stalked me along with his friends Jay Little & Jarrett DeAngelis/starkruzr to Windows IT Pro forums (as well as NTCompatible.com in Jay Little stalking me there also & being shot down in flames on Ramdisk usage + IRQL_LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO regarding device drivers interfaces to hardware & more)...
APK
P.S.=> So much for Jeremy Reimer, the self-published "LULU LUuuuuZer", who not only impersonated MYSELF, but also tried to impersonate a Mr. Martin Meszaros, whom I tracked down & had him RIP REIMER A NEW ONE FOR IT, publicly...
Jeremy Reimer - You're doing yourself in each time you try to troll me with your lies & libel Reimer, but there's no escaping the facts on that page above from Windows IT Pro forums where you and your arstechnica pals tried to stalk & troll me + libel me (and make death threats my way only to have your websites removed by authorities for it)... AND, that you live off of your wife (a stripper, dirt), because you can't hold a decent job (not enough to afford kids apparently, or perhaps its because you need a dose of viagra to do the job of making them (or perhaps a "splint" of some type)? LOL!)... apk
"?hcum noitcejorP" - by THE TRUE Anonymous Coward TROLL on Sunday April 10, @02:10AM (#35772268)
??
tl:dr !
and 'Hmmm. Projection much?'
(Two can play that game, goof!)
APK
P.S.=> Same to you, troll, same to you... and there's no question you're a TRUE 'anonymous coward' as you leave no signature of who you are, as I do @ least. No, You're only proving that you're just yet another little worm who thinks he's "clever", who only ends up proving that WHAT LITTLE YOU "KNOW" (not much)? Is from Wikipedia - nothing more... apk