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Psystar Loses Appeal In Apple Case

The dispute between Mac cloner Psystar and Apple has been a long and twisty one; now, reader UnknowingFool writes that "Last week, the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled mostly against Psystar in their appeal of their case with Apple. The Court found for Apple in that they did not misuse copyright by having conditions in the OS X license. Psystar won on one point in which some of the court orders should have not been sealed."

258 comments

  1. That's too bad... by bhartman34 · · Score: 1

    ...but not really unexpected. Apple does have good lawyers.

    1. Re:That's too bad... by MightyYar · · Score: 4, Insightful

      It's not too bad - what do you think would happen to Linux's GPL if the court had ruled that all you have to do to ignore the distribution license is buy it from someone else? You can't just buy a copy of an OS, make a copy, and then sell the copy. For that you need a license. In the case of Apple, they obviously won't give Pystar a license. In the case of Linux, the GPL allows you to do this - but then you need to provide the source in a reasonable way.

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    2. Re:That's too bad... by EdZ · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You can't just buy a copy of an OS, make a copy, and then sell the copy.

      As I understand it, this would only apply in Pystar's case if "installing OS X from it's original media" counts as "making a copy". IIRC, they purchased install media from Apple, installed it to non-apple hardware, then sold the hardware and the install media together.
      So far as I can tell, selling the bare system, the install media, and the method of installation alltogether as a bundle should be A-OK (install media under first-sale), but pre-installing it then selling the same thing is somehow doubleplusungood.

    3. Re:That's too bad... by Nursie · · Score: 1

      Is that what Psystar were doing though?

      Is it really as cut and dried as them buying one copy and selling multiple copies from that?

      I thought they bought one copy *per customer*, installed and shipped it to that customer. The only transgression was that they installed it on non-apple hardware.

    4. Re:That's too bad... by TheRaven64 · · Score: 1

      The problem is the definition of copy, and this is where we get into the mess of EULAs. You should not need a copyright license to use a product that you purchased for its intended purpose. OS X does not run from the install DVD, it needs to be copied onto a hard disk to run. This technicality is what allows the EULA to exist. The court found that this is not a misuse of copyright, which means that it's a strong legal precedent saying that you can put any term in the EULA that you want. This is a problem.

      I'm struggling to think of how this could apply to something like the GPL. If you buy some GPL'd software and install it, then violate the GPL post-installation, then you might have a problem, but the GPL only ever restricts your ability to make copies (because it's a distribution license, not an EULA), so it doesn't really fall into the same category. I suppose the closest analogy would be selling a Linux laptop with nVidia drivers preinstalled, which would be violating the GPL. Personally, I wouldn't have a problem with it being found that the GPL couldn't enforce this restriction, but I suspect a lot of FSF types would...

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    5. Re:That's too bad... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Buy your guns, and get your bullets free!
      Only by pulling the trigger of a loaded gun can set you up for a murder charge.

    6. Re:That's too bad... by hedwards · · Score: 1

      It's much worse than that, it means that I can't buy a copy of OSX and install it on my own non-Apple hardware without violating their EULA which is now legally enforceable. What's more the court chose to look the other way as the software was being advertised as being sold when really it's being licensed and as a matter of course stripping a significant amount of consumer rights in the process.

      I'm sure this will make those free market morons happy that consumers have even less choice than they previously did if they wanted to use OSX as this ruling effectively bans Hackentoshes as well.

    7. Re:That's too bad... by hedwards · · Score: 1

      The nub of the case is that Apple licenses the software rather than sells it and has the right to control how the copy is used even after they sell it to the customer. Which is bullshit, bordering on fraud considering how the products are being advertised, but ultimately is now precedent.

      The only upside to this is that if they're licensing the OS rather than selling it, those that lose their discs or where the discs are damaged should be able to make new copies from a friend to replace their disc or back up their discs for safe keeping as they're licensed rather than bought.

    8. Re:That's too bad... by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 1

      While it likely would have shot their prices to hell(at least without larger economies of scale than Pystar was ever likely to have), I would have been very interested to see the legal showdown had Pystar simply made it utterly trivial for the end user to violate the EULA; but simply performed a legitimate resale themselves...

      Image, for sake of hypothesis, that they had purchased a legitimate retail DVD, for each system, loaded it into the system's optical drive, and then slapped a skeletal little scripted automation partition on the HDD that loaded itself into RAM and did the install on first boot(or, if that wasn't possible, a microcontroller-driven USB dongle emulating a mouse and keyboard, and playing back all the inputs required for an install should be doable for ~$10-$20, possibly less in volume)...

      Apple would still have been Deeply Unhappy; but Pystar would have simply been re-selling DVDs they purchased legitimately, which would seem to be entirely OK under the beleaguered-but-not-dead-yet terms of first sale...

    9. Re:That's too bad... by RobinEggs · · Score: 1

      The only upside to this is that if they're licensing the OS rather than selling it, those that lose their discs or where the discs are damaged should be able to make new copies from a friend to replace their disc or back up their discs for safe keeping as they're licensed rather than bought.

      Ha! That's a good one!

      You didn't think logic and the good of the consumer mattered in intellectual property law, did you?

    10. Re:That's too bad... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Thats why I pay for all my software with "Licensed Money". Its completely worthless and imaginary just like their software licenses.

      Where I live its also just as legal as an EULA.

    11. Re:That's too bad... by betterunixthanunix · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I'm sure this will make those free market morons happy

      Have you ever carried on a conversation with a libertarian or an objectivist, or whomever else you might classify as a "free market moron?" They would tell you that Psystar was in the right, that Psystar was contributing in a positive way to the economy and to technology (by lowering the price of hardware needed to run Mac OS X), and that Apple is abusing the justice system by using it to attack a legitimate competitor.

      --
      Palm trees and 8
    12. Re:That's too bad... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Your definition of a free market is it odds with the actual definition of a free market. If we had a free market, Psystar could continue doing as they liked. In this case, government action has made the market less free.

      If you're going to go out of way to disparage an ideology, at least have a damned clue about it first.

    13. Re:That's too bad... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The nub of the case is that Apple licenses the software rather than sells it

      In other words, exactly like every other software vendor. People aren't really stupid enough to believe that when they pay couple hundred bucks (or whatever it is) they actually OWN the software, are they? They own a COPY of the software, not the software itself. Just like when you buy music, movies, books, etc..

    14. Re:That's too bad... by RotateLeftByte · · Score: 3, Insightful

      If you install your legally bought copy of OSX on some non apple hardware then probably yes it is illegal.
      However,
        making your own hackingtosh is not going to worry Apple. The words 'small fry' come to mind.
      Paystar were trying to make a business out of it.
      That was big enough to get Apple's attention.

      In some ways this is similar to HP. you can get a 'hobby' license for VMS for free. Use that free copy of VMS on a commercial venture and the HP lawyers will be after you.

      In some ways this is similar to Oracle. you can download a copy of their RDBMS for free. Use that copy in a production environment and Oracle's lawyer will be after you.

      Notice a pattern?

      --
      I'd rather be riding my '63 Triumph T120.
    15. Re:That's too bad... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't think you can call a lawsuit filed by Apple "Government action"

    16. Re:That's too bad... by e70838 · · Score: 1

      "You can't just buy a copy of an OS, make a copy, and then sell the copy. For that you need a license."
      No !
      Trade laws define the rules that protect consumers by defining their rights and obligations. Even if many politicians are corrupted, this limits the way consumers can be screwed.
      A EULA can not restrict, it can only extend our rights. Otherwise, it is outlaw.
      Vocabulary shift is the general way to manipulate. License if the term used by the bad guys. When I go to the store to buy a software, I do not rent it and I may use it in any legal manner.

    17. Re:That's too bad... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The "Government Action" was the ridiculous verdict.

    18. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      Um no. If you followed any part of this case what it says is that Apple like any software developer like Linus or Microsoft can impose conditions on the use of their software. In the case of Apple you cannot modify and resdistribute without their permission. In the case of the GPL, the source code of modifications must also be released. It does not affect Hackintoshes other than Apple does not have to support OS X on those boxes.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    19. Re:That's too bad... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Your analogy is flawed.

      What is stopping DVD and Bluray producers from *licensing* the discs?? Then Sony could stipulate, "You are only authorized to play Sony Movie DVDs on Sony players. Violation of this term is punishable by $5,000 per infraction."

      That's how insane this thing is.

    20. Re:That's too bad... by stevedog · · Score: 1

      No... But i'm pretty sure you can call a decision by a court that, especially an appellate one.

    21. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 2

      The nub of the case is that Apple licenses the software rather than sells it and has the right to control how the copy is used even after they sell it to the customer. Which is bullshit, bordering on fraud considering how the products are being advertised, but ultimately is now precedent.

      Hello? That is exactly how everyone from MS to IBM describes their software. The court of appeals noted that. Why single out Apple for something the entire industry does. Even in the case of open source software, it is the same. You don't own GPL software; you license it.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    22. Re:That's too bad... by MightyYar · · Score: 2

      I do not rent it and I may use it in any legal manner.

      That's just not true.

      Copyright itself is completely artificial - don't look for any sense of order or justice in it. Humans share information naturally - it is unnatural to restrict it.

      In that context, why are you arguing with these judges on the interpretation of the law? Maybe the law should be changed to do as you say - only allow the EULA to extend additional rights. I'm fine with that. I happen to think non-commercial copyright should be abolished and commercial copyright should be set to a short term, like patents. Yeah, this would screw up the GPL, but I think it would be worth it.

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    23. Re:That's too bad... by thecrotch · · Score: 1

      You're not doing your side any favors by calling people with a different political ideology 'morons'. It makes you look pretty intolerant and judgmental.

    24. Re:That's too bad... by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 1

      I suppose the closest analogy would be selling a Linux laptop with nVidia drivers preinstalled, which would be violating the GPL.

      Why wouldn't that fall under the system libraries exception?

      --
      My God, it's Full of Source!
      OUTSIDE_IP=$(dig +short my.ip @outsideip.net)
    25. Re:That's too bad... by omfgnosis · · Score: 1

      The person you responded to quoted the parent post, you are complaining to the wrong person.

    26. Re:That's too bad... by omfgnosis · · Score: 1

      But according to Apple's claims in the lawsuit, which the courts agreed with, you do not own a copy of the software. Presumably you own the physical materials, but the bits on the disc remain Apple's property and you are only allowed to use them according to terms Apple sets. This is no different from any other software license, except that until this case the enforceability of EULAs was in legal question.

    27. Re:That's too bad... by omfgnosis · · Score: 2

      They do license the discs. You are only allowed to use them in certain ways; it's not as restrictive as "you must use Sony players", but it does restrict use to exclude things like copying, distribution, public performance and so on.

    28. Re:That's too bad... by icebraining · · Score: 1

      I suppose the closest analogy would be selling a Linux laptop with nVidia drivers preinstalled, which would be violating the GPL.

      Hmm, what about almost every Android phone, which come with proprietary kernel modules? I don't think the whole distro becomes subject to the GPL just because it has a GPL kernel.

    29. Re:That's too bad... by Christian+Smith · · Score: 1

      What I don't understand is how were Psystar considered the "end user"? Surely they are just a reseller? Or are middle men banned under Apple law?

    30. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 1

      I'm sure this will make those free market morons happy...

      They'd have to be morons indeed to be happy about this most emphatically anti-free-market ruling!

      Non-moronic free-market advocates understand that government restrictions such as copyright itself (let alone constructs derived from it, such as EULAs) make the market less free.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    31. Re:That's too bad... by burris · · Score: 1

      How about a book? Can I publish a book with a license printed on it that says "this book may not be resold for more than $1" ?

      How about a CD? Can I print CD's that say "for promotional use - not for sale" then sue someone who sells them?

    32. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 3, Interesting

      They were resellers; however, they didn't merely resell unopened OS X boxes. They also modified OS X to run on non-Apple hardware and sold them along with the unmodified boxes. The unmodified boxes are not copyright infringement; the modified OS X was. In the Apple, Psystar did not contest that they violated Apple's copyrights when they did so; they said that Apple imposing conditions on their license violated First Sale. The court of Appeals noted that OS X like many software is not bought but licensed therefore First Sale does not apply.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    33. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 0

      Apple like any software developer like Linus or Microsoft can impose conditions on the use of their software.

      And that's exactly the problem: no other seller can dictate how "their" product is used; why should software developers be any different?

      Moreover, EULAs should be legally worthless by their very nature, because the transaction on which they purport to impose their rules already happened before the buyer was presented with the terms. In other words, the buyer already owns the software, so he doesn't need any additional permission to use his own property.

      The court should have ruled in favor of Psystar because copyright law is only supposed to kick in when somebody actually makes a copy, and Psystar didn't do that (installing the software doesn't count; there's a specific exception in the law allowing that).

      The GPL is different because it is not an EULA, but rather a distribution license which only kicks in when the licensee does something that would otherwise violate copyright law. Mere use of GPL software does not require acceptance of the GPL!

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    34. Re:That's too bad... by bws111 · · Score: 1

      Don't know about your first example. Your second example is in fact common practice, so no need for a 'what if'.

      However, I must point out that your book comes with an implied license - you are allowed to read it. You are not allowed to make a movie of it. You are not allowed to make an audio recording of it.

    35. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 1

      it does restrict use to exclude things like copying, distribution, public performance and so on.

      Copyright law itself does that, you dipshit!

      Sony has no right -- or at least, didn't have any right until this terrible precedent was established -- to tell you how to use your own property within the bounds of the law.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    36. Re:That's too bad... by burris · · Score: 1

      OS X does not run from the install DVD, it needs to be copied onto a hard disk to run. This technicality is what allows the EULA to exist.

      Wrong, see 17 USC 117 (a). The license agreement exists because the software publisher puts it there.

      The court found that this is not a misuse of copyright, which means that it's a strong legal precedent saying that you can put any term in the EULA that you want.

      No, the court found there was no misuse of copyright because the terms did not prevent Psystar from creating their own software or hardware. It doesn't mean they can put whatever they want in their license.

      We con- clude that the district court correctly ruled that Apple had not engaged in copyright misuse. As we will explain, this is prin- cipally because its licensing agreement was intended to require the operating system to be used on the computer it was designed to operate, and it did not prevent others from developing their own computer or operating systems.

    37. Re:That's too bad... by burris · · Score: 2

      Try reading Bobbs-Merrill Co v. Straus which is the basis for 17 USC 109. Then you can read Universal Music Group v. Augusto.

    38. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 0

      Even in the case of open source software, it is the same. You don't own GPL software; you license it.

      THIS IS NOT TRUE!

      You are not required to have a license to use GPL software; if you obtained the copy legally then it is yours, you own that copy, and you can do whatever you want with it within the bounds of copyright law. In fact, all software -- indeed, all products -- worked this way until this ridiculous court ruling.

      To illustrate exactly how ridiculous this court ruling is, imagine if cars were "licensed, not sold" like this: Ford could force you to only buy Ford-brand gasoline, or Toyota could disallow you from driving on Japanese holidays, or any automaker could impose whatever absurd anticompetitive conditions it wanted.

      You only need to license GPL software when you want to go beyond the bounds of copyright law (i.e., do something that would otherwise be illegal, such as making a copy).

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    39. Re:That's too bad... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Speaking of dipshits, copyright law itself says that the copyright holder has exclusive rights, with a few exceptions. Everything outside of those exceptions is controlled by the copyright holder.

    40. Re:That's too bad... by bws111 · · Score: 1

      Need we point out that this lawsuit was against a distributor, not a user, of the software. In other words, this is the EXACT sort of case that the GPL relies on.

    41. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      You are not required to have a license to use GPL software; if you obtained the copy legally then it is yours, you own that copy, and you can do whatever you want with it within the bounds of copyright law. In fact, all software -- indeed, all products -- worked this way until this ridiculous court ruling.

      So I modify any and all GPL software and redistribute without releasing the source code. According to you I don't have to follow the GPL at all as I own whatever code it contains. Wouldn't that make the GPL useless? Copyright law is clear on this point; you must get permission of the copyright owner if you want to modify and redistribute. In the case of GPL, there are certain restrictions if you want to modify and redistribute. Apple does not license OS X to anyone to modify and redistribute. MS allows OEMs to modify and redistribute only in certain ways.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    42. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 4, Informative

      The court should have ruled in favor of Psystar because copyright law is only supposed to kick in when somebody actually makes a copy, and Psystar didn't do that (installing the software doesn't count; there's a specific exception in the law allowing that).

      Here is what Psystar did: The took OS X on an Apple machine, then modified it to run on a non-Apple machine by replacing the bootloader and some system libraries. Then they used that copy to mass install onto non-Apple machines. Then they sold the non-Apple machines. I don't see how you can argue that they didn't "copy" it. If Psystar did not sell the non-Apple machines, they are still within copyright laws. Selling them constitutes redistribution and copyright infringement. Copyright law clearly says that modification and redistribution require the permission of the copyright owner which Psystar did not get.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    43. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 0

      The problem is the definition of copy, and this is where we get into the mess of EULAs. You should not need a copyright license to use a product that you purchased for its intended purpose. OS X does not run from the install DVD, it needs to be copied onto a hard disk to run. This technicality is what allows the EULA to exist.

      The only trouble with that argument is that there is a specific exception in US Copyright law that allows you to install software without violating the copyright:

      Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 117. LIMITATIONS ON EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS: COMPUTER PROGRAMS

      (a) Making of Additional Copy or Adaptation by Owner of Copy. -- Notwithstanding the provisions of section 106, it is not an infringement for the owner of a copy of a computer program to make or authorize the making of another copy or adaptation of that computer program provided:

      1. that such a new copy or adaptation is created as an essential step in the utilization of the computer program in conjunction with a machine and that it is used in no other manner, or
      2. that such new copy or adaptation is for archival purposes only and that all archival copies are destroyed in the event that continued possession of the computer program should cease to be rightful.

      The appeals court (not to mention the original court) should have read this clause, thrown out the Apple EULA, and ruled in favor of Psystar.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    44. Re:That's too bad... by dbet · · Score: 1

      Okay, so I own a COPY of that software. Why can't I do whatever I want with my COPY?

      Can Psystar just sell the hardware and OSX in its own box, and let YOU break the EULA?

    45. Re:That's too bad... by node+3 · · Score: 1

      Apple like any software developer like Linus or Microsoft can impose conditions on the use of their software.

      And that's exactly the problem: no other seller can dictate how "their" product is used; why should software developers be any different?

      It's not the seller that sets these rules, it's the copyright holders. Anything under copyright can be limited in some ways. That's the way it's *supposed* to work.

    46. Re:That's too bad... by dbet · · Score: 1

      I'm waiting for the day a software vendor puts a line in the EULA that forbids black people from using it. After all, his software, his rules, right? Surely the courts would stand up for this, since apparently if you put anything into an agreement, it's legally binding.

    47. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1
      Did you ignore 117 (b):

      Lease, sale, or other transfer of additional copy or adaptation. Any exact copies prepared in accordance with the provisions of this section may be leased, sold, or otherwise transferred, along with the copy from which such copies were prepared, only as part of the lease, sale, or other transfer of all rights in the program. Adaptations so prepared may be transferred only with the authorization of the copyright owner.

      I'm pretty sure the Court of Appeals judges know more about USC 117 than you do./p.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    48. Re:That's too bad... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It is not illegal to install OS X on non Apple hardware. You can install any legally purchased software on anything you want, you just might not be able to turn around and sell it.

    49. Re:That's too bad... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There nothing free-markety about using the STATE to remove competition, socialists on the other hand tend to like to limit competition by law or state enforced monopolies.

    50. Re:That's too bad... by hedwards · · Score: 1

      Because they're the ones that brought the case to court. There's a lot of bad things in EULAs in general, but Apple is the one that brought the case to court that ultimately settled the issue.

    51. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 0

      So I modify any and all GPL software and redistribute without releasing the source code. According to you I don't have to follow the GPL at all as I own whatever code it contains.

      I did not say that. I said that you are not required to have a license to USE GPL software. You own the copy, but not the copyright. If you modify and redistribute, which is not the same thing as "use," then you'd be in violation of copyright law unless you chose to accept the GPL.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    52. Re:That's too bad... by hedwards · · Score: 1

      To an extent yes, but first sale doctrine has always applied to matters like this. It's a rather radical reinterpretation of copyright law that you can't use a lawfully purchased copy because there's a mandatory license attached to it.

      And what you're missing is that it doesn't matter whether you buy that copy from Psystar or directly from Apple, using the software in violation of the EULA is infringing upon Apple's copyright.

    53. Re:That's too bad... by hedwards · · Score: 1

      That's how the companies frame it though. You don't generally see boxed software that's licensed, every part of the transaction up until the point where you can longer decline is handled as a sale, then you get the software home and find out that they've fraudulently sold you a license rather than a copy.

      If they aren't selling you a copy, then if I were to go into a store and take a box, then I'm not sure how they can complain about me stealing the software, after all, I just stole the box and the disc, I mean it's not like they're selling the other components.

      The courts backing that asinine notion are precisely why we can't have nice things.

    54. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 2

      You can try pointing that out, but it's entirely irrelevant because an owner of a copy has the right under the First Sale Doctrine to re-sell that copy.

      The situation the GPL relies on is entirely different, where the owner of a copy DUPLICATES IT and then distributes the new copies.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    55. Re:That's too bad... by hedwards · · Score: 1

      Thank you, for actually getting it. There's plenty of free market morons out there that will suggest that the solution is for people to just not buy OSX rather than the real free market solution to the problem which would be to tell Apple to shut up and accept that they sold a copy and that the buyer gets to do with it what he or she pleases. It might be that they opt to use it for skeet shooting or on unlicensed hardware.

    56. Re:That's too bad... by exomondo · · Score: 1

      Even in the case of open source software, it is the same. You don't own GPL software; you license it.

      THIS IS NOT TRUE!

      You are not required to have a license to use GPL software; if you obtained the copy legally then it is yours, you own that copy, and you can do whatever you want with it within the bounds of copyright law.

      He said you don't own the software, he didn't say you don't own the copy. If i owned the software i wouldn't have to worry about the terms of the license because the owner of the software is the person that dictates the license.

    57. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 0

      Copyright law itself says the copyright holder has exclusive rights TO MAKE COPIES, with a few exceptions. Everything outside of those exceptions is controlled by the copyright holder EXCEPT THINGS WHICH DO NOT INVOLVE MAKING A COPY.

      FTFY.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    58. Re:That's too bad... by hedwards · · Score: 1

      Replacing the bootloader and system libraries is perfectly legal. If it wasn't, then we'd be in a heap of trouble over GRUB, LILO and all those other bootloaders. On top of that, there is no law saying that folks can't replace any libraries on their computer that they want.

      As for your assertion about redistribution, last i heard those copies were pristine installed by the end user. If you're argument were correct, then there'd be no reason why Psystar couldn't keep distributing the patch set and machines with the end user left to procure a copy of OSX for themselves. This ruling goes way beyond that and bans the patchset as well as Psystar selling compatible software.

      That personally troubles me a great deal due to things like the impact this will have on the mod community and the 1st amendment issues that had been settled when the DeCSS case went through the courts.

    59. Re:That's too bad... by hedwards · · Score: 1

      And yet there's a lot of morons that will post about how if you don't like it don't buy it. Some people are morons and coddling and enabling them by pretending that they have a valid point just elevates their idiotic views to a level that's wholly unjustified.

      It's why we have so many people bitching about how the President doesn't lead, leads us to socialism and is also a fascist.

    60. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 0

      But it's owning the copy that matters! That in itself means you don't need a license for anything other than copying.

      Owning the software's copyright (what you mean when you say "owning the software") is just that: owning the right to create copies, and nothing else.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    61. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      First Sale doctrine does not allow you modify and redistribute a copyrighted work without permission. Can I take a Harry Potter book and change the ending, reprint it, and re-sell it?

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    62. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      You can lawfully use a purchased copy. You can't modify someone else's copyrighted work and re-sell it without their permission. Is that so hard to understand?

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    63. Re:That's too bad... by gnasher719 · · Score: 2

      Can Psystar just sell the hardware and OSX in its own box, and let YOU break the EULA?

      Psystar _can_ not do anything, because they just lost their appeal against Apple, and now they have to cough up about two million dollars, mostly as fines for DMCA violation, which they can't.

      If you ask whether Psystar could have just sold the hardware and MacOS X in its own box, and let YOU break the EULA, they could have done that. There would have been no copyright infringement (the court ordered them to pay $60,000 for making about 700-800 copies of MacOS X illegally, very cheap compared to what the recording industry tries to charge for distributing songs). But there would have been DMCA violation, because Apple has code in the OS that prevents it from running on anything that is not a Macintosh. It is not difficult to get around this, but that is a DMCA violation. And selling a box where MacOS X can be installed unchanged is a DMCA violation, and since Psystar did that, they were ordered to pay $2,500 per Psystar computer sold on that basis.

      The other point is this: Why would you buy a Psystar computer like this? The whole Hackintosh community wouldn't touch a Psystar computer with a barge pole; first because they have a strong feeling that Psystar ripped them off, and second because depending on your skill, you can either build your own computer from parts a lot cheaper and better, or you can buy a PC cheaper and better from a dozen of excellent companies that will actually provide you with service and a warranty that is worth its money. The only people buying Psystar would be people who naively thought their offer was legit. How do you think these people would react if they are told that in order to use MacOS X, they have to commit copyright infringement? And if Psystar didn't tell them, don't you think that would get them into legal trouble?

    64. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 4, Informative

      As for your assertion about redistribution, last i heard those copies were pristine installed by the end user.

      What part of "Psystar modified OS X to run on non-Apple machines, installed it on non-Apple machines and sold the machines" is not clear?

      If you're argument were correct, then there'd be no reason why Psystar couldn't keep distributing the patch set and machines with the end user left to procure a copy of OSX for themselves. This ruling goes way beyond that and bans the patchset as well as Psystar selling compatible software.

      And where was Psystar getting the patch sets? They were taking Apple updates, modifying them, and redistributing them. The court has no problem with Psystar selling compatible software. Psystar was taking Apple's software and modifying it and redistributing it which is against what copyright law allows.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    65. Re:That's too bad... by JonJ · · Score: 4, Informative

      On top of that, there is no law saying that folks can't replace any libraries on their computer that they want.

      And that's not what this lawsuit is about at all either. This is about someone making modifications to Apples copyrighted software and selling it. It has nothing to do with GRUB or LILO, it's nonsense to even drag them into this. The point is: Apple is selling some software available under certain conditions, if you modify their software in violations of their conditions you are breaking copyright law. This is why you cannot re-license GPL code under the BSD license unless you are in fact the copyright holder. This is inherently a good thing.

      --
      -- Linux user #369862
    66. Re:That's too bad... by thetoadwarrior · · Score: 1

      OS X is much cheaper than windows mainly because it's not meant to be used on other hardware. The whole package is paying for the hardware and the software. So I don't blame Apple for getting annoyed about it.They've chosen business model different to MS that doesn't make it wrong and you can still install os x on any PC but someone can't run a business based on that. Given how many people torrent software and ignore copyrights I'm sure this will stop no one from doing it on their own.

    67. Re:That's too bad... by djlowe · · Score: 1

      It's much worse than that, it means that I can't buy a copy of OSX and install it on my own non-Apple hardware without violating their EULA which is now legally enforceable.

      You say this as though it is a BAD thing. It is not. Let Apple retain their proprietary OS, while pretending to be open and standards-compliant. It is, after all, not well suited for business: OS X doesn't integrate well with ANY business/enterprise networks, and in fact is less secure than Windows or Linux when any MIS/IT department attempts to do so.

      Given Apple's insistence on lesser default security at the network level, to insure backward compatibility with its previous insecure network implementations, this represents a HUGE security risk for enterprise networks.

      In addition, Apple has not made ANY appreciable efforts to correct this, leading to what one can only deem an "attack by the clueless upon corporate efforts to ensure the security of their networks, simply by the ever-increasing popularity of their computers in the coporate world, mostly by sales people, who are, by definition, the least technically competent people in a company, but often the most influential:" "I generate a LOT of revenue for this company, and so I SHOULD be able to have whatever computer I wish, and I want an Apple computer, 'cause it is cool, pretty and enhances my stature"

      My personal experience, with regards to those that insist upon using Apple computers? They have NO appreciation of corporate network security, at all. For them, Apple has no security problems, ever. Integration with the corporate network, established for the company for which they work, to create a secure, stable corporate infrastructure under which ALL those that need access/use of such? ANY security risks are NOT their concern: They are completely oblivious, even when presented with security flaws.

      They simply don't care, you see. All they want is to be able to use Apple computers, because they think that they are "the best", in their estimation, regardless.

      So, we deal with them now, in my MIS department, as best as we can. They are, in general, the most clueless, least technically competent/aware users, and they have NO consideration at all for anyone besides themselves in the company. Most of them are technically incompetent for the jobs for which they have been hired, and cannot, and will not, abide the company's TOS/AUP: They're all "special flowers", you see, ostensibly hired for the skills/knowledge/expertise that they would bring to the company... but, they refuse to use the standard tools, which integrate perfectly not only into our corporate network, but also serve them in doing their jobs, because we in MIS have created them so. Because they ARE, in their estimation, exceptional, and so MIS should accommodate them, regardless.

      Sadly, this has been my experience with EVERYONE that has insisted upon using an Apple computer in our company: THEIR needs/desires, come first, always, and when they cannot do their jobs with an Apple computer? MIS is to blame, of course. They have NO concept of anything beyond that, No appreciation of anything beyond that, and their needs/desires.

      And of course, this IS what Apple encourages: Their mantra is "Think Different" [sic], after all. And, by "different", they mean "You're allowed to use your Apple computer to do whatever you want."

      And you know what? I don't have a problem with that, when it comes to personal use: I use my personally-owned Windows and Linux computers, as I choose, too.

      However, when it comes to my work computers? I use them to do my job, and I do so, in accordance with my company's AUP. ALL of our current Apple users think that such doesn't apply to them. We're dealing with Apple users that think that they are entitled to bootleg copies of Windows, because they cannot do their jobs otherwise.They not only bootleg Windows, they bootleg copies of VMWare fusion, for their convenience, apparently with the same rational

    68. Re:That's too bad... by JonJ · · Score: 1
      Are all GPL-fans as retarded as you, or are you one of their special cases?

      But it's owning the copy that matters! That in itself means you don't need a license for anything other than copying.

      You cannot entirely _own_ GPL'ed software unless it's you who wrote it. You are free to use it and redistribute it under the terms of the license, but it's not _your_ code.

      Owning the software's copyright (what you mean when you say "owning the software") is just that: owning the right to create copies, and nothing else.

      If I own the copyright to my source code/software I can also change the license. Not retroactively, but future releases. If Linus had demanded that every contribution to the kernel be his(Like the FSF demands), he could release Linux under the BSD license tomorrow.

      --
      -- Linux user #369862
    69. Re:That's too bad... by thetoadwarrior · · Score: 1

      Except the cost of an OSX disc almost certainly doesn't cover the cost of development. It covers the cost of a replacement disc basically. The whole package that Apple offers is what funds their business so killing that off would in turn kill of Psystar and having a truly free market still doesn't given Psystar the right to use and make money from Apple's trademarks.

    70. Re:That's too bad... by exomondo · · Score: 1

      But it's owning the copy that matters!

      Matters when? Certainly not if you want to sell or distribute it.

      Owning the software's copyright (what you mean when you say "owning the software") is just that: owning the right to create copies, and nothing else.

      Rubbish, if i own the software i dictate the license, that is more than the 'right to create copies', it is the right to control distribution, which is a key difference for example between the GPL and BSD. I can create copies with both licenses but unless i own the software i can't distribute it under my own terms if they differ from the license of the software.

    71. Re:That's too bad... by thetoadwarrior · · Score: 1

      A lot of products impose limits and void warranties by modifying the product. It's a lot easier for Apple to stop Psystar than to tell thousands of people to get bent when they ask for support and they're modifying the software to get it to run which if you take, for instance a console mod it and then sell it you'll catch hell from the hardware manufacturer's lawyers. I'm sure you'd catch hell from lawyers by making your own car and placing a chevy engine in it and selling it as a chevy too.

    72. Re:That's too bad... by djlowe · · Score: 0

      Hi,

      As much as it's deemed crass to reply to one's post, I'd also like to say this: I have the SAME opinion of Bill Gates, albeit for different reasons.

      My opinion of Bill Gates, and Microsoft, is that they were the first to release software that was "good enough", which resulted in the current unreliability of software in general.

      So, I say this: Bill Gates? I hope that you contract a cancer that is uncurable, slowly progressing, and painful. And, further, when you die? I hope that you will burn in the fires of Hell, for all Eternity, screaming in agony that will never stop, for your greed, your arrogance.

      Regards,

      dj

    73. Re:That's too bad... by omfgnosis · · Score: 1

      Copyright law itself does that, you dipshit!

      I didn't say otherwise. Not sure why you feel compelled to resort to name-calling in any case.

    74. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 1

      I can take a Harry Potter book, cross out the ending and write a new one in the margin, and then resell it, yes!

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    75. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      How are you reprinting that book again? If you actually reprinted that book, Ms. Rowling's lawyers would sue you to oblivion. Remember CleanFlicks. You cannot modify and redistribute a copyrighted work merely because you want to.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    76. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 1

      You cannot entirely _own_ GPL'ed software unless it's you who wrote it. You are free to use it and redistribute it under the terms of the license, but it's not _your_ code.

      You own the copy and you can do whatever you want to with it within the bounds of the law. That copy is _yours_ to do with as you please.

      If I own the copyright to my source code/software I can also change the license.

      Sure, and changing the license lets you change the restrictions on making copies. You cannot change the license to tell buyer (owner) of a copy that he can't use the software on Tuesdays, for example, because he already had the right to use it on Tuesdays simply by buying the software.

      To legitimately enforce such a provision restricting use, it would have had to have been written into a proper contract, negotiated and agreed upon at the time of the transaction, not after the fact.

      At least, that's how it's supposed to work (and does work for everything except software); this court decision was wrong.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    77. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 1

      You keep talking about "distribution." And moreover, you keep talking about distributing new copies, because reselling originals is covered by the First Sale Doctrine.

      Here's what you don't seem to get: I'm talking about USE, not distribution of new copies. You, as the copyright holder, do NOT get to tell me, the owner of the copy, how I can or cannot USE my own property!

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    78. Re:That's too bad... by thecrotch · · Score: 2

      Sorry, I need to learn to internet I guess

    79. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 2

      You own the copy and you can do whatever you want to with it within the bounds of the law. That copy is _yours_ to do with as you please.

      The bounds of the law specifically say you cannot modify and redistribute without the copyright owner's permission. Apple never gave Psystar such permission. Psystar lost on summary judgement on that point which means their defenses were so weak, the judge did not feel the need to go to trial.

      At least, that's how it's supposed to work (and does work for everything except software); this court decision was wrong.

      If the court had decided that Apple cannot dictate terms of their software, it means the GPL has no enforceability. MS can copy parts of Linux into Windows 8, sell Windows 8, and never release the source code. Oracle can take IBM's AIX and sell them on Sun machines.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    80. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      Reselling originals is covered by First Sale. Tell me how modifying something then selling it is selling an original.

      Here's what you don't seem to get: I'm talking about USE, not distribution of new copies. You, as the copyright holder, do NOT get to tell me, the owner of the copy, how I can or cannot USE my own property!

      You can use software; you don't get to modify and redistribute GPL but under certain circumstances. In proprietary software like OS X, Windows, AIX, the copyright owners have to give you explicit permission. You can install AIX on a Sun box for all your hearts desire. The minute you make it a business and start selling those Sun boxes, IBM would likely sue you into oblivion.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    81. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 1

      A lot of products impose limits and void warranties by modifying the product. It's a lot easier for Apple to stop Psystar than to tell thousands of people to get bent when they ask for support...

      So you're saying that using the court system to subjugate actual ownership of property to the whims of copyright holders just because it's convenient is okay?!?!

      [I]f you take, for instance a console mod it and then sell it you'll catch hell from the hardware manufacturer's lawyers.

      If you mod it to circumvent DRM sure, but that's because you're violating the DMCA. If you mod it to play "Mary Had a Little Lamb" as its startup sound the lawyers have nothing to complain about.

      I'm sure you'd catch hell from lawyers by making your own car and placing a chevy engine in it and selling it as a chevy too.

      But that's not the situation we're discussing. The problem is the "selling it as a Chevy" part, not the "making your own car and placing a Chevy engine in it" part. If I did that and then called it a "mrchaotica car (powered by Chevy)" or something like that, Chevy's lawyers would have nothing to complain about. Also, even if I did call it a Chevy, the lawyer's complaint would be over violating the Chevy trademark, not over the use of the engine.

      Was Psystar claiming that the hardware they were selling was from Apple too, or was your argument irrelevant?

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    82. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 1

      I didn't say otherwise.

      Yes you did; you said:

      They do license the discs... it [the license] does restrict use to exclude things like copying, distribution, public performance and so on.

      The license does not do those things; copyright law does.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    83. Re:That's too bad... by exomondo · · Score: 1

      You keep talking about "distribution."

      Because that's what this topic is about, did you not even read it? Do you not understand Psystar is distributing a modified copy?

      Here's what you don't seem to get: I'm talking about USE, not distribution of new copies.

      And that has a relevance here how? This is about distributing modified copies.
      And actually you tried to tell someone it was incorrect that you don't own GPL software, that is obviously wrong.
      Then you tried to tell me the only thing ownership of the software grants you is the right to make copies, which is again incorrect.

    84. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 1

      That's the point: I'm not reprinting the book! Similarly, merely getting the OS X software to run on a non-Apple machine is not the same as remastering the OS disc.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    85. Re:That's too bad... by omfgnosis · · Score: 1

      No, the license restricts those things; copyright law is the mechanism by which they are able to issue such licenses.

    86. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 1

      Tell me how modifying something then selling it is selling an original.

      It's the original because it's not a new copy. It's not a difficult concept!

      If somebody drew a mustache on the Mona Lisa hanging in the Louvre, it doesn't suddenly stop being the one painted by da Vinci, does it? What do you think happens, the painting magically divides as if by mitosis into a mustached copy and a non-mustached "original?!"

      [Y]ou don't get to modify and redistribute GPL but under certain circumstances. In proprietary software like OS X, Windows, AIX, the copyright owners have to give you explicit permission.

      On the contrary, if you don't make a copy, you can redistribute your modified instance all you want -- the license is irrelevant.

      Think of what your argument implies: by your logic, reselling any random Windows computer (which might have some unique combination of registry edits, patches, maybe Tweak UI or Stardock or some other more invasive customizations) would violate copyright, and reality simply just doesn't work that way!

      You can install AIX on a Sun box for all your hearts desire. The minute you make it a business and start selling those Sun boxes, IBM would likely sue you into oblivion.

      Assuming you bought and installed a separate copy of AIX for each of those boxes, and assuming that those copies were sold as a normal retail transaction (as opposed to an actual negotiated contract where the First Sale Doctrine wouldn't apply), I don't see how IBM could win that suit.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    87. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 1

      If that were true, then any creative work that did not include a license would have no restrictions. The fact that all creative works, including those that contain merely a notice of copyright (such as most books) or even nothing at all (such as most paintings) are nevertheless protected by those restrictions, proves that you're wrong.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    88. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 1

      Do you not understand Psystar is distributing a modified copy?

      Installing OS X on a hackintosh one at a time the way home users do and then selling it would be distributing a modified original, not a copy, and therefore be OK (which is the point I've been trying to make).

      Admittedly, the bit about Psystar making a modified master and then imaging all the disks from that (which I indeed did not realize until recently) screws up my argument a bit.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    89. Re:That's too bad... by bws111 · · Score: 1

      So how did they modify the 'original' (DVD)? Did they draw on it with a Sharpie or something? No. They copied AN original to a master disk (illegal copy), modified that, then copied that to the system being manufactured (illegal copy). Then they sold the system, which is distribution (again illegal), including the original DVD. So now somehow this single 'original' has morphed into at least three copies (original, master, customer).

    90. Re:That's too bad... by omfgnosis · · Score: 1

      If that were true, then any creative work that did not include a license would have no restrictions.

      No, under copyright law, without a license you would have no right consume another person's creative work whatsoever.

    91. Re:That's too bad... by shentino · · Score: 1

      The GPL is unusual in that modification is allowed by the license.

    92. Re:That's too bad... by bws111 · · Score: 1

      stalling OS X on a hackintosh one at a time the way home users do and then selling it would be distributing a modified original, not a copy, and therefore be OK (which is the point I've been trying to make).

      No, it would not be distributing a modified original, it would be distributing a copy. The original is what Apple sold, a CD or DVD. Installing it is making a copy. For the sake of argument we will pretend that the license does not exist, and making a copy by installing is permissible under copyright law. However, it is still a copy, not an original, and you have no right to distribute that copy, by selling the machine or otherwise.

    93. Re:That's too bad... by mollymoo · · Score: 1

      > And that's exactly the problem: no other seller can dictate how "their" product is used; why should software developers be any different?

      Actually they can and they do. It's not at all uncommon for stuff protected by copyright. Photographers do it, movie studios do it, TV producers do it, journalists do it. It's pretty standard to limit the ways in which copyright works can be used.

      --
      Chernobyl 'not a wildlife haven' - BBC News
    94. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      Assuming you bought and installed a separate copy of AIX for each of those boxes, and assuming that those copies were sold as a normal retail transaction (as opposed to an actual negotiated contract where the First Sale Doctrine wouldn't apply), I don't see how IBM could win that suit.

      So what you're saying is that no copyright owner can control the distribution of their own works? First Sale Doctrine does not apply to modified and redistributed works which is clearly spelled out in USC 117(b):

      (b)Lease, Sale, or Other Transfer of Additional Copy or Adaptation. — Any exact copies prepared in accordance with the provisions of this section may be leased, sold, or otherwise transferred, along with the copy from which such copies were prepared, only as part of the lease, sale, or other transfer of all rights in the program. Adaptations so prepared may be transferred only with the authorization of the copyright owner.

      If copyright owners cannot do so, then copyright has no meaning. If that isn't clear after I've tried to explain that a dozen times, you are completely dense.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    95. Re:That's too bad... by mrchaotica · · Score: 1

      The bounds of the law specifically say you cannot modify and redistribute without the copyright owner's permission.

      [citation needed]

      I've shown you the law that supports my argument; now you show me the law that makes all sales of used books with notes in the margin illegal.

      If the court had decided that Apple cannot dictate terms of their software, it means the GPL has no enforceability.

      No it doesn't. Apple attempted to dictate terms of use; the GPL attempts to dictate terms of distribution of copies. As I've been attempting over and over to explain to you, they are not the same thing!

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    96. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1
      USC 117

      (b) Lease, Sale, or Other Transfer of Additional Copy or Adaptation. — Any exact copies prepared in accordance with the provisions of this section may be leased, sold, or otherwise transferred, along with the copy from which such copies were prepared, only as part of the lease, sale, or other transfer of all rights in the program. Adaptations so prepared may be transferred only with the authorization of the copyright owner.

      I've shown you the law that supports my argument; now you show me the law that makes all sales of used books with notes in the margin illegal.

      Where did you show that? Also you said was [citation needed]. If you knew even the tiniest bit about copyright you would have known about USC 117.

      No it doesn't. Apple attempted to dictate terms of use; the GPL attempts to dictate terms of distribution of copies. As I've been attempting over and over to explain to you, they are not the same thing!

      What part of Psystar selling OS X is not "distribution"? Please explain why selling is not distribution but downloading is. As for the GPL, it is based on copyright law which is based on USC 117.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    97. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 2

      Do you know any facts of this case? As I explained in numerous other posts to you and in the summary judgement, Psystar made modifications then mass installed their modified copies onto non-Apple machines:

      The copies at issue here were not lawfully manufactured with the authorization of the copyright owner. As stated, Psystar made an unauthorized copy of Mac OS X from a Mac mini that was placed onto an "imaging station" and then used a "master copy" to make many more unauthorized copies that were installed on individual Psystar computers. The first-sale defense does not apply to those unauthorized copies.

      Even if Psystar had not used a mass install, they still modified OS X and then redistributed it. USC 117(b) says specifically that the copyright owner is the only one that can give permissions to do so:

      (b) Lease, Sale, or Other Transfer of Additional Copy or Adaptation. — Any exact copies prepared in accordance with the provisions of this section may be leased, sold, or otherwise transferred, along with the copy from which such copies were prepared, only as part of the lease, sale, or other transfer of all rights in the program. Adaptations so prepared may be transferred only with the authorization of the copyright owner.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    98. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      The modification is allowed. The redistribution of the modification is not without the source code of the modifications.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    99. Re:That's too bad... by exomondo · · Score: 1

      Do you not understand Psystar is distributing a modified copy?

      Installing OS X on a hackintosh one at a time the way home users do and then selling it would be distributing a modified original, not a copy, and therefore be OK (which is the point I've been trying to make).

      No it wouldn't be ok, because it isn't an original at all, it is a modified copy of the original, a derivative work.

    100. Re:That's too bad... by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      Installing OS X on a hackintosh one at a time the way home users do and then selling it would be distributing a modified original, not a copy, and therefore be OK (which is the point I've been trying to make).

      No it is not. USC 117 (b) clearly says no. Now the hobbyist selling a machine on ebay now and then may not get Apple's attention. It's another matter when you have a business whose business model is to do so which Psystar was.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    101. Re:That's too bad... by smash · · Score: 1

      No, its not unexpected, because according to the license, retail copies of OS X are upgrade licenses. Not licensed for installation unless you have an existing copy of the previous version. The only way to get a non-upgrade copy of OS X is with the purchase of apple hardware.

      --
      I run: Windows, OS X, Linux, FreeBSD. Just because you have a hammer, doesn't mean everything is a nail.
    102. Re:That's too bad... by smash · · Score: 1

      Copies of OS X are quite clearly sold as upgrades. No previous version of OS X to upgrade from = you aren't licensed to use it.

      --
      I run: Windows, OS X, Linux, FreeBSD. Just because you have a hammer, doesn't mean everything is a nail.
    103. Re:That's too bad... by smash · · Score: 1

      The software is sold as UPGRADE copies, and licensed for use on apple hardware. Requiring a previous full version (which only ships with apple hardware) to use.

      --
      I run: Windows, OS X, Linux, FreeBSD. Just because you have a hammer, doesn't mean everything is a nail.
    104. Re:That's too bad... by Lord_Jeremy · · Score: 1

      Actually, when it comes to Mac OS X the replacing of libraries that Psystar or any other hackintosh-er had to do is in fact illegal. Major components of the OS (i.e. the Finder application binary) are encrypted and signed. For the system to be usable those binaries need to be decrypted during load with the help of the kernel extension "Don't Steal Mac OS X.kext." That extension does the tests to ensure that the system is running on Apple hardware and will only decrypt the binaries if it checks out. To get around that, the hackintosh community have come up with "decrypter" extensions that decrypt the system binaries themselves. As it happens, using one of those is a DMCA violation (reverse-engineering and bypassing DRM, effectively). On a related note, when Psystar started selling their machines much of the hackintosh community was pretty annoyed, as they were selling community-made tools (boot-132 loader and efi v8 emulator, if I remember correctly - boot-132 is APSL but PsyStar didn't release the source and pc_efi v8 is forbidden for use commercially).

    105. Re:That's too bad... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually, that raises an interesting point. I wonder if you could have your own EULA attached to tender - thereby superceding any of their own. "By accepting this tender, you agree that all previous EULAs are null and void. Furthermore, you agree to replace my hardware for free whenever I ask - for the next 100 years. And free pizza too - mmmm pizza." :-)

    106. Re:That's too bad... by bryan1945 · · Score: 1

      Yep, wish pain and death on people, all because your job is a bit tougher. Good stuff. Wonder how many people think that of you...

      --
      Vote monkeys into Congress. They are cheaper and more trustworthy.
    107. Re:That's too bad... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's much worse than that, it means that I can't buy a copy of OSX and install it on my own non-Apple hardware without violating their EULA which is now legally enforceable.

      You say this as though it is a BAD thing. It is not. Let Apple retain their proprietary OS, while pretending to be open and standards-compliant. It is, after all, not well suited for business: OS X doesn't integrate well with ANY business/enterprise networks, and in fact is less secure than Windows or Linux when any MIS/IT department attempts to do so.

      Given Apple's insistence on lesser default security at the network level, to insure backward compatibility with its previous insecure network implementations, this represents a HUGE security risk for enterprise networks.

      In addition, Apple has not made ANY appreciable efforts to correct this, leading to what one can only deem an "attack by the clueless upon corporate efforts to ensure the security of their networks, simply by the ever-increasing popularity of their computers in the coporate world, mostly by sales people, who are, by definition, the least technically competent people in a company, but often the most influential:" "I generate a LOT of revenue for this company, and so I SHOULD be able to have whatever computer I wish, and I want an Apple computer, 'cause it is cool, pretty and enhances my stature"

      My personal experience, with regards to those that insist upon using Apple computers? They have NO appreciation of corporate network security, at all. For them, Apple has no security problems, ever. Integration with the corporate network, established for the company for which they work, to create a secure, stable corporate infrastructure under which ALL those that need access/use of such? ANY security risks are NOT their concern: They are completely oblivious, even when presented with security flaws.

      They simply don't care, you see. All they want is to be able to use Apple computers, because they think that they are "the best", in their estimation, regardless.

      So, we deal with them now, in my MIS department, as best as we can. They are, in general, the most clueless, least technically competent/aware users, and they have NO consideration at all for anyone besides themselves in the company. Most of them are technically incompetent for the jobs for which they have been hired, and cannot, and will not, abide the company's TOS/AUP: They're all "special flowers", you see, ostensibly hired for the skills/knowledge/expertise that they would bring to the company... but, they refuse to use the standard tools, which integrate perfectly not only into our corporate network, but also serve them in doing their jobs, because we in MIS have created them so. Because they ARE, in their estimation, exceptional, and so MIS should accommodate them, regardless.

      Sadly, this has been my experience with EVERYONE that has insisted upon using an Apple computer in our company: THEIR needs/desires, come first, always, and when they cannot do their jobs with an Apple computer? MIS is to blame, of course. They have NO concept of anything beyond that, No appreciation of anything beyond that, and their needs/desires.

      And of course, this IS what Apple encourages: Their mantra is "Think Different" [sic], after all. And, by "different", they mean "You're allowed to use your Apple computer to do whatever you want."

      And you know what? I don't have a problem with that, when it comes to personal use: I use my personally-owned Windows and Linux computers, as I choose, too.

      However, when it comes to my work computers? I use them to do my job, and I do so, in accordance with my company's AUP. ALL of our current Apple users think that such doesn't apply to them. We're dealing with Apple users that think that they are entitled to bootleg copies of Windows, because they cannot do their jobs otherwise.They not only bootleg Windows, they bootleg copies of VMWare fusion, for their convenience, apparently with the same ratio

    108. Re:That's too bad... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So you're saying, that not only did they abuse copyright, and behave like a monopoly worse than Microsoft, they also used DRM, and abused the DMCA, which is in itself evil.

      That's like four kinds of evil in one case. More evil than the RIAA and Microsft put together.

    109. Re:That's too bad... by Kilrah_il · · Score: 1

      "Abuse copyright" - You mean, tried to protect their original software? It's not like the RIAA trying to milk what they can from artists' work. It's a company making money off its own product. Doesn't sound like abuse; more like the original purpose of copyright (you know, promoting innovation and stuff?)
      "Monopoly" - With less than 10% of OS market-share, it's hard to call it a monopoly. Maybe monopoly in Mac OS worlds, but it's their own development, and they can choose not to give other companies licenses to sell it. It's a perfectly reasonable business decision.
      "DRM" - That is correct, they used DRM, but at least in order to protect their proprietary software, so it's not that evil, IMHO.
      "Abused DMCA" - Actually, they used the DMCA exactly as it is written. You may not agree with this law (I don't), but the blame is not on Apple, but on the lawmakers. Talk to them.

      So we are left with (maybe) 1 evil, more like 1/2. Better luck next time.

      --
      Whenever in an argument, remember this.
    110. Re:That's too bad... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, but that means I have to pay money for all this non-material stuff and can get in trouble if I try to get it for free!

    111. Re:That's too bad... by SteeldrivingJon · · Score: 1

      Conveniently, Apple doesn't use any crappy "authorization" or license keys on their OS.

      --
      September 2011: Looking for Cocoa/iOS work in Boston area Cocoa Programmer Quincy, MA
  2. They didn't need good lawyers by msobkow · · Score: 3, Informative

    There was never any question that Pystar was in the wrong. Their activities were blatantly and obviously illegal.

    Their whole market was based on selling hardware to run software that wasn't licensed to run on that hardware.

    Their lawyers would have had to be completely incompetent buffoons to lose the case.

    --
    I do not fail; I succeed at finding out what does not work.
    1. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by hedwards · · Score: 4, Insightful

      AFAIK this is the first instance where a court has backed Apple's ridiculous claims that they can tie the use of their OS to their hardware by simply adding a clause to their EULA. In the past it wasn't possible for the simple reason that they were using an incompatible architecture.

      I'll interpret this as I should, evidence that the justice system in the US is broken and desperately in need of reform.

    2. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What I'd like to know is what, if any, effect 17 U.S.C 117 does have in reality. By face value, it should mean the owner of a copy of a computer program is allowed to use the copy without infringing copyright, i.e. installation and copying to RAM should not result in infringing copies as long as you bought a legal copy of the software (as Psystar did), but has anyone ever won a lawsuit based on that point?

    3. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Licensed to run on that hardware? What does that mean? You think you can sell something and then dictate how anyone uses the thing you sold? And people still wonder why nobody respects copyright and other imaginary property...

    4. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What kind of reform do you suggest...that license agreements between parties shouldn't be held to mean what they say?

    5. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by betterunixthanunix · · Score: 1

      Their activities were blatantly and obviously illegal.

      Really? When last I checked, they were building clones of Apple computers, and making it possible to install Mac OS X on those clones. How is that obviously illegal?

      --
      Palm trees and 8
    6. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by vux984 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Their activities were blatantly and obviously illegal.

      violating a licensing agreement is not "illegal"

      Their whole market was based on selling hardware to run software that wasn't licensed to run on that hardware.

      The real problem is that Apple's market is based on selling software with terms that dictate what hardware you use it with.

      What else can you SELL and then dictate how it be used to the customer? If I as a copyright holder sell you a copy of my CD do I get to dictate what brand CD player you use?

      Yet apple gets to sell software, and then dictate what brand of hardware you use it with. And if you don't do as they say, then they argue the software is "unlicensed" (since when do you need a license to use something you bought?!). By "buying" it you have the right to use it.

      But then if you install it you are making a "copy" and violating copyright law. And that makes it illegal.

      Except that you don't actually need a license to install software you bought a copy of. The act of purchasing a copy gives you the right to install it.

      You don't need an explicit license to put the software you bought on a hard drive for use, or for that copy to be copied into ram for use, or for portions to be copied into l1/l2/l3 cache for use, or for portions to be swapped out to disk during hibernation.

      So it is absolutely an abuse of copyright law to argue that the copy Psystar made to install the software is unlawful "distribution".

      That the courts went along with Apple's whole licensing installation copies farce is a tragedy.

    7. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by crankyspice · · Score: 1

      What I'd like to know is what, if any, effect 17 U.S.C 117 does have in reality. By face value, it should mean the owner of a copy of a computer program is allowed to use the copy without infringing copyright, i.e. installation and copying to RAM should not result in infringing copies as long as you bought a legal copy of the software (as Psystar did), but has anyone ever won a lawsuit based on that point?

      Ownership is the issue. Most software is licensed (or so sayeth the EULAs, and while there's some disagreement in the authorities, the courts are generally agreeing; see, e.g., Vernor v. Autodesk, 621 F.3d 1102 (9th Cir., 2010) (en banc review declined; I don't believe there's been a decision yet on the petition for a writ of certiori to the Supreme Court). Opinion: http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-9th-circuit/1537762.html

      --
      geek. lawyer.
    8. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by hitmark · · Score: 1

      I think he may be referring to using drive imaging to quickly provide preinstalled OSX (pretty much what HP, Dell and the rest do to have preinstalled Windows. And i suspect Foxconn also do so for the computers the produce for Apple).

      Had they instead shipped the system with no OS installed, or installed each from the boxed copy they packed alongside (and bought legally from Apple), then Apple may have had a harder time showing breach of copyright.

      Anyways, all this will be a moot point now that Apple will primarily sell new versions via the in-OS store. That way you can no longer get a boxed copy, and so need to get the hardware at some point. bye bye hackintosh...

      --
      comment first, facts later. http://chem.tufts.edu/AnswersInScience/RelativityofWrong.htm
    9. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If it is so easy to circumvent laws about selling things, all the while selling those things at retail stores, why don't book sellers do it? Or for that matter, sellers of home appliances?

    10. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by guises · · Score: 1

      That a EULA shouldn't carry the same weight, if any, that a real contract carries.

      You are, doubtless, one of those people who has dedicated most of their lives to reading EULAs. That's admirable. For everyone else, they cause real problems - it's not possible to both keep up on what all they want you to agree to do, and get anything done. Even with a real contract in those instances where you actually do read the agreements and object to what they contain, it's often not possible to find a competing service without those clauses.

      Just to give an example: let's say you'd like to open a bank account. You read the contract and figure you can live with it until you get to the bottom and see "Bank X reserves the right to change this contract at any time." So you move on the Bank Y and Bank Z and find that they have the same thing. What do you do now? Be the kook without a bank account? It's not going to work out for you.

      This is where the idea came from that there are certain rights that can not be forfeited, no matter what you sign. This allows people to cope with everyday life without needing to worry too much about what the bad people are trying to do to them. Protections are weak in the United States, but consumer protection laws are pretty strong in some countries.

      So Phystar acted on the theory that if they bought the software they should be able to use it how they want and not just how Apple wants them to. It's a reasonable assumption and it may have worked in another country, but not in the United States.

    11. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by hitmark · · Score: 1

      "(since when do you need a license to use something you bought?!)"

      Since copyright got extended to industrially stamped audio recordings, at least. It is one of those dirty little topics that they do not want to talk about, that what your getting for your money is a time unlimited license to enjoy the recording in the format it is sold to you.

      --
      comment first, facts later. http://chem.tufts.edu/AnswersInScience/RelativityofWrong.htm
    12. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Telvin_3d · · Score: 4, Insightful

      What else can you SELL and then dictate how it be used to the customer?

      Well, I'd think all software released under the GPL and similar licenses would qualify. Particularly GPL3 which was explicitly created to prevent released software from being run on non-compliant hardware. You don't like Apple restricting what hardware their software can run on? Fine, but any loss for Apple in that area is a direct blow to the enforceability of the Open Source license of your choice.

    13. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I disagree. When one goes out and buys a copy of OSX, much like buying a copy of a book, there is an implication that you can use that copy however you see fit. Upon purchasing a book I may burn it in my fireplace if I see fit; why should I not be able to use OSX on the hardware of my choosing? After all, Apple was paid for that copy at the price they set.
      So, here's my interpretation: when Apple sells you a computer, you're really paying a hefty sum for the software; however, by tying the software to the hardware, Apple has made that cost hidden. Psystar's existence was illuminating this fact; rather than competing in the marketplace by a)raising the price of their software to reflect the real price or b) reducing the price of their computers, Apple chose to sue Psystar out of existence. I'm fairly certain that a lot of this reeks of antitrust issues. As in, way worse than IE/Windows.

    14. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I disagree. When one goes out and buys a copy of OSX, much like buying a copy of a book, there is an implication that you can use that copy however you see fit. Upon purchasing a book I may burn it in my fireplace if I see fit; why should I not be able to use OSX on the hardware of my choosing? After all, Apple was paid for that copy at the price they set.

      You are comparing book-burning with running OSX on a computer? I take it you're not a fan...

    15. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Except you never bought a copy of the OS. You licensed from Apple, who can choose to license it to whomever they choose, under whatever terms they want. Don't like the terms, don't license it.

      The /. crowd seems to simply ignore the fact that they haven't bought anything. Thy licensed it. You may not like the law but it is what it is. It's the same thing that protects open source. Licensing is a necessary evil, and Psystar attempted to treat a copy of an OS that they licensed as something they had bought. They did not have a license to resale the software from Apple, and no court in the country would see it otherwise.

      They attempted to profit off of anthers license, they bypassed DRM in a way that was not meant to back-up the software, and they lost.

      Go figure.

    16. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by TrekkieGod · · Score: 1

      What kind of reform do you suggest...that license agreements between parties shouldn't be held to mean what they say?

      That software is sold, not licensed. Personally I don't like the idea that anyone can tell me where I can or can't install any software I buy.

      --

      Warning: Opinions known to be heavily biased.

    17. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by msobkow · · Score: 3, Informative

      The Apple license explicitly forbids installation on non-Apple hardware. You may not agree with those terms, but that does not give you the legal right to IGNORE those terms.

      --
      I do not fail; I succeed at finding out what does not work.
    18. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No. GPL puts zero restrictions on what you DO with the software. If you want to change it, you may need to distribute the changes, if you in turn make the service available to someone else. Notice the "if you make changes" part? That part is entirely out of the question with most proprietary licenses. How can you possibly compare these licenses? GPL gives far more freedoms to everyone, even the modifiers (who would otherwise be totally forbidden from modifying).

    19. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      violating a licensing agreement is not "illegal"

      definition illegal: not according to or authorized by law

      A contract is an agreement entered into by two or more parties with the serious intention of creating a legal obligation or obligations, which may or may not have elements in writing.

    20. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by msobkow · · Score: 2

      The act of purchasing a copy gives you the right to install it.

      No it does not. It gives you the right to RETURN the software if you decide you don't agree with it's license. It does NOT give you the right to IGNORE the license.

      --
      I do not fail; I succeed at finding out what does not work.
    21. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It does if they're legally unenforceable. While it now appears that they are, it was not unreasonable to test this.

    22. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by jimicus · · Score: 1

      I can think of at least one way Apple could have dealt with this even if they hadn't relied on the EULA.

      In order to have a useful business model, Psystar needed to advertise "runs Mac OS X". Which is a trademark of Apple. Obviously Apple aren't going to sue an authorised reseller for using their trademark, by Psystar were never an authorised reseller.

      Other companies have already done something similar to kill grey-market products (cf. Sony and Lik-Sang, Levis and Tescos)

    23. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by whisper_jeff · · Score: 1

      So it is absolutely an abuse of copyright law to argue that the copy Psystar made to install the software is unlawful "distribution".

      Um, what?!?!

      That is pretty much the pure purpose of copyright law - to prevent people/companies from illegally copying your material and selling it on their own.

      I know /. has its own view of what copyright should be but let's at least recognize what it actually is. Psystar didn't have a leg to stand on - they were making illegal copies of OSX and selling it. That is about as close to the the pure definition of copyright infringement as one can get.

    24. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Apple are selling a slightly modified Intel PC these days. Just enough changes to not be based around the BIOS, but the equally shit EFI ensuring standard PCI and PCI-e slots require double ROMs. The OS was lifted from a Intel UNIX clone. Apple are nothing but leeches, and yet when someone else does exactly the same to them, they buy legal decisions to shut down the competition.

      Had Apple not done the Disney thieving process over the last few years, they'd be dead. So fuck off with you BS, you have not idea what you're talking about. Being an Apple zealot, are you HIV+ like your cult leader?

    25. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by jo_ham · · Score: 1

      Cool, so I can take GPLv3 licensed software and make a Tivo box!

      I mean, I don't have to actually follow the licence, right? That seems to be what you're saying.

      I'll make my Tivo box and then sell it and I'll save money on the OS because I can get Linux for free.

      Oh what's that? You want the source? Why should I give that to you? I mean, it says I have to in the licence, but I can ignore that, right?

    26. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by jo_ham · · Score: 1

      Then I assume you also disagree with the GPLv3?

      If Apple had lost this case then what chance does any other software licence have?

      Just because you disagree with their terms doesn't mean you can just ignore them, or say a court is wrong for "siding" with them.

    27. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by jo_ham · · Score: 2

      No. GPL puts zero restrictions on what you DO with the software.

      So I can make a Tivo with it then? With a locked bootloader? Using GPLv3 software?

    28. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by CrackedButter · · Score: 1

      Apple provide a copy on thumb-drives and if I wanted to; with the copy I downloaded from the App store I have used it to install on other machines. People cleverer than me will get it to work on non-Apple hardware.

    29. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by betterunixthanunix · · Score: 1

      Except that I can buy a licensed copy Windows, install it on a computer, and then sell that computer to you without it being considered a violation of copyright law. The question here is whether or not Apple can use copyright law to prevent you from installing a licensed copy of Mac OS X on a computer without an Apple logo; the courts have ruled that Apple can do this and that it is not overstepping the bounds of copyright law. It was not obvious that Psystar could not installed legally purchased copies of Mac OS X on a non-Apply computer prior to this case, because it was not clear that a license that forbids such installations is legally enforceable.

      --
      Palm trees and 8
    30. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Sancho · · Score: 2

      No. GPL puts zero restrictions on what you DO with the software.

      So I can make a Tivo with it then? With a locked bootloader? Using GPLv3 software?

      When dealing with GPL zealots, you have to be very precise in your language, even when they are not.

      Of course you can make a TiVo with a locked bootloader using GPLv3 software. What you can't do is distribute it.

      But that said, distribution is something one DOES with the software, which means that the grandparent was also imprecise.

      It's better to say that the GPL doesn't restrict what you do unless the thing you want to do is distribute.

    31. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by bws111 · · Score: 1

      There is no such implication when you buy a book, why do you think there is? Can you make a movie or play from your copy of the book? No. Can you read it aloud in public? No. Can you make an audio recording of someone reading the book? No.

      You can do whatever you want with the physical 'book', such as burning it. What you can do with the contents of the book is very much restricted. Same with software - if you want to destroy the media the software came on, go for it. Nobody will stop you.

    32. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by whisper_jeff · · Score: 1

      But you cannot buy a copy of Windows, install it on 1000 computers, and then sell those to 1000 different users.

      That. Is. Copyright. Infringement.

      Odds are Apple wouldn't have been able to sue for copyright infringement _IF_ the versions of OSX on the systems had each been bought and paid for. They weren't, however. They were copies made from a single copy.

      That. Is. Copyright. Infringement.

      Really, is it that hard to understand?

    33. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      So if MS copied parts from Linux, modified them and sold them without releasing any source code, you would support MS and not Linux. Because the GPL expressly forbids that kind of action. These clauses are not new to software.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    34. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      No. GPL puts zero restrictions on what you DO with the software.

      Have you actually read the GPL? One of the major restrictions is that if you modify and redistribute, you must also release source code of the modifications.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    35. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by TrekkieGod · · Score: 1

      Then I assume you also disagree with the GPLv3?

      If Apple had lost this case then what chance does any other software licence have?

      Just because you disagree with their terms doesn't mean you can just ignore them, or say a court is wrong for "siding" with them.

      Then I assume you also disagree with the GPLv3?

      The GPLv3 is not a software license. It does not restrict the end user in any way whatsoever. It's a distribution license. If the courts declare it invalid, that doesn't mean you can suddenly go around using GPL code anywhere, it means you don't have the right to distribute it at all.

      There's a fundamental difference here. I didn't say I'm against copyrights (although I am against infinitely long copyrights), and I have absolutely nothing against Apple dictating the terms of how copies of their software may be distributed. Even if they say, "you can't redistribute copies at all," which is what most people do. If Stallman created a GPLv4 that said, "you can't use proprietary software in conjunction with software using this license," then THAT would be equivalent to an EULA, and yes, I'd be very much against it.

      --

      Warning: Opinions known to be heavily biased.

    36. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      Except that I can buy a licensed copy Windows, install it on a computer, and then sell that computer to you without it being considered a violation of copyright law. The question here is whether or not Apple can use copyright law to prevent you from installing a licensed copy of Mac OS X on a computer without an Apple logo; the courts have ruled that Apple can do this and that it is not overstepping the bounds of copyright law. It was not obvious that Psystar could not installed legally purchased copies of Mac OS X on a non-Apply computer prior to this case, because it was not clear that a license that forbids such installations is legally enforceable.

      Technically you licensed Windows from the OEM. As a consumer, MS and OEM don't really care that you did so. However if you had a business that refurbished old computers, there are violations of the license agreement that come into play depending on who originally bought Windows. That's why many ebay sellers and second hand dealers wipe out Windows and explicitly tell you that the computer does not come with Windows installed.

      The question was never if Apple can prevent consumers from installing on OS X on hackintoshes; it is whether Apple can prevent a business like Psystar from infringing on their copyrights by modifying and redistributing it without their permission. The same effect applies to other redistributions. Generally the courts are more permission of personal use and less tolerant of commercial use.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    37. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Interpret this how you want, but the result is a win for Apple who can control their software how they please.

      Next up: Samsung.

    38. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Zantetsuken · · Score: 1

      No. The GPL does NOT prevent you from downloading the software and not being able to install it. It prevents you from downloading and then redistributing it without making an offer for the source code. While they do not have to package the source with the binary download, they have to be able to give you the source for the program. The developer is allowed to charge a fee that makes sense to cover the costs of the CD or server bandwidth.

      Also, a developer is allowed to charge for the binary, but again has to provide source to anybody that paid for the license to the binary. This means they do not have to provide source free of charge to anybody off the street just because they want the application for free.

      The GPL isn't about restricting what the end user can do with the application, it's about preventing people and corporations from taking F/LOSS code that a lot of people worked on for free, or even paid developers by companies like Red Hat from having their code stolen by "Hypothetical Evil Company X" to be rebranded and sold for the profit of said evil company and not only not returning a dime of it to the original and rightful developers, but also to keep the application open for development by other people.

    39. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      The GPLv3 is not a software license. It does not restrict the end user in any way whatsoever. It's a distribution license. If the courts declare it invalid, that doesn't mean you can suddenly go around using GPL code anywhere, it means you don't have the right to distribute it at all.

      You have it backwards. All copyright owners can dictate how their work is modified and distributed. Apple refuses to allow others to modify and redistribute OS X. GPL allows it but puts conditions on it. JK Rowling can write another Harry Potter book, copyright it, and refuse to sell it.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    40. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by lavalyn · · Score: 1

      The major restriction is on the redistribution part. I can modify all I want and not redistribute, and that's fine too. This "modify and not redistribute" might be called "using" the software.

      Under copyright law, you never had any license of redistribution in the first place. The GNU GPL is a license which stipulates you must also redistribute your changes if you redistribute at all. That is, you're allowed to download and install and use Linux whether or not you accept the GPL. But you can't distribute Linux (the kernel) without also opening the source and modifications.

      --
      Doing the Right Thing should not be preempted by making a buck.
    41. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by mrchaotica · · Score: 1

      PSYSTAR DIDN'T MAKE ANY COPIES!

      All it did was preinstall the software -- which is specifically allowed by 17 U.S.C 117 -- and resell the original copy.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    42. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      And how is Psystar selling OS X on non-Apple computers not "redistribution"? If you modify and redistribute without source code, are you not guilty of violating the GPL and copyright laws? Under copyright law, the copyright owner is the only one that can grant permission for modification and redistribution. Redistribution as-is is still allowed by copyright law. Through the use of the GPL, Linus et al, has allowed anyone to do so with restrictions.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    43. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by betterunixthanunix · · Score: 0

      You. Are. Ignorant. Of. The. Facts.

      Psystar bought a different copy of Mac OS X for every computer they built and shipped. They were sued for violations of the EULA clause that forbids them from installing Mac OS X on a system that does not have an Apple logo, and another clause which forbids transfer of ownership or third party installations. This entire case was about the EULA; Psystar was not sued because they did not buy enough copies of Mac OS X from Apple, they were sued for using those copies in a way that violates the EULA. That is why this case matters at all.

      --
      Palm trees and 8
    44. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Cool, so I can take GPLv3 licensed software and make a Tivo box!

      just, don't distribute it...

    45. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by betterunixthanunix · · Score: 1

      The question was never if Apple can prevent consumers from installing on OS X on hackintoshes

      Hm...if my memory serves me, that was exactly what Psystar was accused of illegally doing, installing Mac OS X on a hackintosh, as well as transferring the computer to someone else. Psystar claimed that the EULA was not enforceable, and the court ruled against them.

      --
      Palm trees and 8
    46. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      So if you ignore the fact that Psystar wasn't a consumer and was a business then you might have had a point. Also if you ignore that the courts have different stances between personal use and commercial use.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    47. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by JonJ · · Score: 1

      So Phystar acted on the theory that if they bought the software they should be able to use it how they want and not just how Apple wants them to. It's a reasonable assumption and it may have worked in another country, but not in the United States.

      This case is not about usage, but redistributing modified copies.

      --
      -- Linux user #369862
    48. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by JonJ · · Score: 1

      All it did was preinstall the software -- which is specifically allowed by 17 U.S.C 117 -- and resell the original copy.

      Please don't make uninformed comments, they modified OS X to run on regular boxes then sold it. How can this be legal? It's like taking RHELs source code, changing it around, and selling it as RHEL. IN NO WAY SHAPE OR FORM IS THIS LEGAL.

      --
      -- Linux user #369862
    49. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by SmlFreshwaterBuffalo · · Score: 1

      You assume that companies can place anything they wish in license agreements. You always have the right to believe something in an agreement is not legal. Based on that belief, you can then choose to fight it in court up front, or you can take your chances choosing to ignore it first then potentially end up in court anyway (probably having to pay lots of $$ if you lose).

      Just because something appears in a license agreement does not automatically mean it must be adhered to. But you better be ready to defend your position and face any possible consequences if you choose to ignore it.

    50. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by TrekkieGod · · Score: 1

      JK Rowling can write another Harry Potter book, copyright it, and refuse to sell it.

      Yes, she can. What she can't do is tell me that I can't modify a copy of the book I rightfully bought by, for example, writing on the margins or highlighting certain passages. In addition, she can't stop me from reselling a copy that I bought and modified by writing on the margins. She also most certainly can't sell the book under a license that says, "you're allowed to read it, but not to use under a table leg to help level it.

      Copyright restricts distribution of copies. It doesn't restrict what you can do with a copy you rightfully bought.

      --

      Warning: Opinions known to be heavily biased.

    51. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Apple never went after individuals making their own hackinoshes... they just went after a company that profited from it. They didn't shut down websites that help individuals with step by step instructions on how to make their dell/hp/lenovo... etc. run OS X... they went after a company that sold hackintoshes...

    52. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1
      Perhaps you should actually read up on the facts of this case. From the district court's ruling.

      As stated, Psystar made an unauthorized copy of Mac OS X from a Mac mini that was placed onto an "imaging station" and then used a "master copy" to make many more unauthorized copies that were installed on individual Psystar computers.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    53. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The GPL isn't about restricting what the end user can do with the application, it's about preventing people and corporations from taking F/LOSS code that a lot of people worked on for free, or even paid developers by companies like Red Hat from having their code stolen by "Hypothetical Evil Company X" to be rebranded and sold for the profit of said evil company and not only not returning a dime of it to the original and rightful developers, but also to keep the application open for development by other people.

      Isn't this exactly what Psystar was doing? Taking the code developed by Apple, modifying it to get around the code preventing it running on non-Apple equipment, installing said code on their systems, and selling the product with the modified code.

    54. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by jo_ham · · Score: 1

      And we come full circle.

      You can put OS X on non-Apple hardware... just don't "distribute" it in exchange for money.... (or for free).

    55. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      Yes, she can. What she can't do is tell me that I can't modify a copy of the book I rightfully bought by, for example, writing on the margins or highlighting certain passages. In addition, she can't stop me from reselling a copy that I bought and modified by writing on the margins. She also most certainly can't sell the book under a license that says, "you're allowed to read it, but not to use under a table leg to help level it.

      Highlighting a book or writing in the book margins is not what the courts have determined is "modification" and you know it. Changing the actual contents of the book is modification. In the case of Psystar it is clear that they modified OS X. It is clear they sold it. It is clear that they did not get Apple's permission. Psystar did not dispute that they did these things and lost in summary judgement.

      Psystar infringed Apple's exclusive right to create derivative works of Mac OS X. It did this by replacing original files in Mac OS X with unauthorized software files. Specifically, it made three modifications: (1) replacing the Mac OS X bootloader with a different bootloader to enable an unauthorized copy of Mac OS X to run on Psystar's computers; (2) disabling and removing Apple kernel extension files; and (3) adding non-Apple kernel extensions. These modifications enabled Mac OS X to run on a non-Apple computer. It is undisputed that Psystar made these modifications (Def. Opp. 6—7).

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    56. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by DinDaddy · · Score: 1

      Apple doesn't go after anyone who modifies OS X to run on non-Apple hardware unless they distribute it either.

    57. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What else can you SELL and then dictate how it be used to the customer?

      Well, I'd think all software released under the GPL and similar licenses would qualify. Particularly GPL3 which was explicitly created to prevent released software from being run on non-compliant hardware. You don't like Apple restricting what hardware their software can run on? Fine, but any loss for Apple in that area is a direct blow to the enforceability of the Open Source license of your choice.

      Op said use, not distribute. You can use gpl3 software in any way you wish. It's when you distrubute the software that you must abide by restrictions. Repeat after me - use != distrubute.

    58. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by mrchaotica · · Score: 1

      Except you never bought a copy of the OS. You licensed from Apple, who can choose to license it to whomever they choose, under whatever terms they want. Don't like the terms, don't license it.

      Bullshit. Unless the cashier makes me sign a license contract before taking my money, I damn well bought the thing!

      The /. crowd seems to simply ignore the fact that they haven't bought anything. Thy licensed it.

      On the contrary, the Slashdot crowd disputes that fact!

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    59. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by mrchaotica · · Score: 1

      Fine: the "imaging station" and "master copy" part makes it make sense that Psystar got in trouble; had Psystar done the modification at install time on each individual machine I assert that the Apple claims against them would not have been upheld.

      --

      "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

    60. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by TrekkieGod · · Score: 1

      Highlighting a book or writing in the book margins is not what the courts have determined is "modification" and you know it...In the case of Psystar it is clear that they modified OS X.

      Nobody is arguing the state of affairs right now makes what Psystar did illegal. What I am arguing is that it shouldn't be. For every copy of a modified Mac OS X they sold, a copy was bought from Apple. It is morally no different then reselling books I've modified through annotation. To give the author of books the right to "license" the sale to disallow me from doing such thing would be equivalent to what an EULA represents.

      Yes, I know the courts supports EULAs. That's exactly why I believe a change is needed. I do not approve of the current laws.

      --

      Warning: Opinions known to be heavily biased.

    61. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Normally, when one uses the phrase 'illegal copy', what one is describing does not have the following characteristics:

        * purchased with legal currency from the original vendor.

      I think that's all i need, actually. Yes, i know copyright law doesn't necessarily work that way in America, but that's not *my* problem.

      Also, it's probably worth noting that psystar are still able to:

        * Sell hardware specifically marked for compatability with OSX
        * Distribute instructions for installing OSX on compatible, non-apple hardware
        * Legally redistribute Apple software as sealed, boxed products (provied Apple will license to them, which i guess they won't now).

    62. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by bws111 · · Score: 1

      You are comparing two different things. When you buy a book, you can resell that book. The exact physical pieces of paper you bought. You can not make a copy of the book and sell it. You can not make an audio recording of the book and sell it.

      Likewise, when you buy software, even in the absence of licenses, the only thing you can resell is exactly what you bought - the physical DVD. You may not make a copy of the software by installing it, then call that a 'first sale'. It isn't. It is a copy, which you have no rights to sell or otherwise distribute.

    63. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So I take it that you can't afford a real computer and that pisses you off? So sad. Go back to Linux Land or Microsoft Quagmire. We don't really give a fuck.

    64. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't understand how this doesn't lead to an anti-trust case. Break them up into a software retailer and a hardware retailer. For that matter I thought they weren't even allowed to be a music distributor? What happened to the whole apple music thing?

    65. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      Again: Did Psystar modify OS X? Did they re-distribute? The answer to both questions is still YES. You're splitting tiny hairs but in the end, they are still hairs.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    66. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >> Cool, so I can take GPLv3 licensed software and make a Tivo box! I mean, I don't have to actually follow the licence, right?

      No, you can't take it and make a closed-source box and sell that box. And yes, if you distribute the code, you do have to follow GPL3 (at least, you have to follow it if you don't want to open yourself up to a very expensive commercial copyright infringement lawsuit).

      That's because of the following

      1. If you obtain a legal copy of GPLv3-ed code, and DON'T accept GPLv3, standard copyright law still gives you some rights to use that code. (E.g., you can use that code on your own computer.) The GPL acknowledges as much, and does not claim that you have to accept it, or that you have to give up any rights that you get under copyright. HOWEVER, these rights do not generally extend to mass commercial distribution of the code or derivatives thereof. Just as there is a legal difference between "ripping a Beatles CD and copying the music to your MP3 player" vs. "ripping a Beatles CD and having a Chinese pirate factory run off 100K unauthorized copies that you plan to sell for profit", there is one between "using GPLv3 software on your own computer" vs. "distributing a ton of copies for profit". If you do the latter, then you (generally) don't have default authorization under First Sale Doctrine / Fair Use, and if you also don't have the copyright holder's permission (which you don't, because you refused to accept the GPL), then you have just committed large-scale commercial infringement.

      2. If you obtain a legal copy of GPLv3-ed code, and DO accept the GPLv3, then you get authorization for a bunch of additional activities (e.g. distribution) that normally aren't allowed "by default". But since you have accepted the GPLv3, you now must abide by its terms when engaging in these activities. If you do not, then you may open yourself up for a breach of contract lawsuit and possibly for a copyright infringement one.

      I'm pretty sure that in either case, the GPL does not take away existing rights under the copyright law, or seek to convert sales into licenses. It simply states the conditions under which the copyright holder(s) of the GPL-ed software will allow you to exercise additional rights.

      By contrast, EULAs and their relatives are all about making you believe that a sale is not a sale, and taking your default rights under the law away.

    67. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      You are not modifying a book when you annotate it. It would be modification if you changed the words of the original book. If you've decided that Harry Potter should die in the last book and made your changes to it; this is fine as long as you do not publish it. Once you publish it, JK Rowling can unleash teams of lawyers against you. Psystar was well within copyright until they sold their modified versions of OS X.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    68. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by mollymoo · · Score: 1

      > Except that I can buy a licensed copy Windows, install it on a computer, and then sell that computer to you without it being considered a violation of copyright law.

      I can buy a copy of OS X and install it on a computer and sell the computer to you without being in violation of copyright law.

      What you cannot do without permission from the copyright holder - with either Windows or OS X - is create a derivative and sell it. Under the first sale doctrine you can only sell unmodified copies. You could not sell, say, computers with copies of Windows where you've run the binaries through a translator so it would run on ARM.

      If OS X just worked on any old PC with no modification this might have been a rather different case, but it doesn't.

      --
      Chernobyl 'not a wildlife haven' - BBC News
    69. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by jo_ham · · Score: 1

      I'm sorry, but you can't have it both ways. If Apple is "in the wrong" here, then so is the GPLv3.

      If you want to claim Apple's actions and licence for OS X are wrong and unenforceable, and that Psystar was totally in the right (legally) to ignore the OS X licence then the GPL cannot stand, and a hypothetical company would just be free to ignore it.

      Apple doesn't care about home hackintosh users - the install media is just about the least protected piece of software you'll see (not encrypted, no serial numbers, no online activation, with a single text file that has to be removed before burning the image to a DVD or onto a USB stick for installation - the text file says simply "please don't steal OS X"). If you want to make a hackintosh, they're not putting in any effort to stop you. This is totally analogous with doing whatever you like with the GPLv3 and not distributing it.

      However, if you then decide to sell hackintoshes with OS X installed, *then* Apple has a problem, since the licence forbids it (it forbids you making a home one too, to be totally strict, but they're not going after individual private users). This is the "getting attention" or "distribution" issue - it's at this point that Apple cares that you're breaking the terms of its licence - a licence that they are within their rights to set up however they want since it's their code.

    70. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by smash · · Score: 1

      Its nothing to do with hardware compatibility or doing what you want with software you have purchased. You have purchased an UPGRADE copy. Without a full version to upgrade from (which ships only with apple hardware - they are not available anywhere else), you are not licensed.

      Sorry its as simple as that - if you want to run a Hackintosh, you may as well just copy the DVD off a friend, because its about the same level of legality.

      That Psystar were actually trying to sell this as legit was just begging to be sued into oblivion by apple, and rightly so.

      If you don't agree with the OS X license terms, don't run it.

      --
      I run: Windows, OS X, Linux, FreeBSD. Just because you have a hammer, doesn't mean everything is a nail.
    71. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Umm can they do that? Running something is clearly different than naming your product and there can be no real confusion here. You don't or shouldn't get protection for the use of your trademark everywhere. My understanding is it is just to prevent brand confusion. For instance I should be able to write a bad article on Mac OS X without any risk of liability. I am not "using" the trademark to dilute Apple's brand by selling a confusingly similar product. The same is true if you sell a similar product and claim support for a competitors under a different name. If you attempt to copy a product and make it sound identical that on the other hand is trademark infringement. IE Mac OS Xi.

    72. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "What else can you SELL and then dictate how it be used to the customer? "

      Every copy of Microsoft Windows sold since Day One.

    73. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by shentino · · Score: 1

      Psystar shot itself in the foot by modifying OSX.

      That created an unauthorized derivative work.

    74. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The GPL doesn't specify how the software can or cannot be used. From what I understand, the provisions of the GPL only take effect if one were to transfer or otherwise distribute it to another party. Normally copyright law prevents distribution, however, if you comply with the terms in the GPL, it automatically grants you distribution rights, as apposed to the copyright holder granting those rights directly.

      To me it looks like Apple is attempting to exploit the misconception of the word "copy" being interchangeable with the word "distribute" in the context of copyright. It is true one must copy a piece of information to distribute it, but the simple act of copying does not imply a distribution. And a sale is distinguishable from a distribution by the fact the orignal owner is no longer in possession of the information( in this context the information is unfungible

      I don't like this because it would seem this would be applicable to tangible property. I don't want to have to accept a EULA to buy a lawnmower or vacuum cleaner that states I am unauthorized to lend or rent out my property unless I buy an upgraded license.

    75. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What I am arguing is that it shouldn't be.

      EXACTLY! Apple and all other corporations should not be allowed to make things and charge people for all the work they put into them and then go and herass people when they get their stuff and resell it! It's like all these corporations are freakin' communists and are going around keeping the people down like some kind of fascist co-op with really nice marketing or something.

    76. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Gilmoure · · Score: 1

      They're not redistributing Apple software on their computers, they're just... um... demonstrating how 1EEt hack0rz they are. And making a few bucks.

      --
      I drank what? -- Socrates
    77. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by MobyDisk · · Score: 1

      No, the GPL3 was created for the exact *opposite* purpose of what you state.

      Particularly GPL3 which was explicitly created to prevent released software from being run on non-compliant hardware

      The GPL3 was explicitly created to permit released software to be run on non-compliant hardware. Companies were releasing the source code to comply with GPL2, but then they modified the hardware to refuse to run that software. GPL3 prevents them from doing that. To clarify this point even further -- this is the reason Apple has stopped using GPL3 software in OS X.

    78. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well if you feel that way about it, I think you should 'buy' some music CD's, upload them to your server, and give them away for free. See how far that gets you.

      It's not a complex topic. Whether or not you like it is irrelevant. You do not buy these, you license them.

    79. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by vux984 · · Score: 1

      Apple doesn't go after anyone who modifies OS X to run on non-Apple hardware unless they distribute it either.

      Distribute has 2 meanings, and it is important to distinguish between them for the purposes of copyright law.

      If I open a store, buy CDs, and then resell them. I do not "distribute copies". I DO NOT NEED permission from the copyright holder to do what I am doing.

      If I open a store, buy CDs, make duplicates, and then sell them, then I absolutely need permission from the copyright holder.

      The question before us is:

      If I buy CDs, load them on an ipod. Then sell the ipod ALONG WITH all the original CDs I used to load it, do I need permission from the copyright holder.

      The courts appear to be ruling that I do need permission. However this is quite bluntly, a complete farce.

      If I buy a computer from parts, then buy a copy of Microsoft Office, and a copy of Adobe Acrobat. Install these programs. Then sell as a complete package, a computer preloaded with Office and Acrobat -- including the original boxed software used to do the installs.

      Can you really justify why I would need separate permission from both Microsoft and Adobe to do this under copyright law?

    80. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by vux984 · · Score: 1

      Yes and??

      1) I buy 100 copies of some tetris clone out of the local discount bin at best buy. This software has no installation "CD key" or anything else.

      2) I buy 100 computers.

      3) I install a copy of the tetris clone on each computer. Rather than open each package and use the install disc once... i just use one install disc 100 times.

      4) I sell the 100 computers, and include one original copy of the software with each computer. So that each computer buyer has 1 installation media, 1 installed copy, and 1 computer.

      5) I get sued into the ground for copyright infringement?...

      Wait what? Exactly what were the damages to the maker of the Tetris clone here? How was the maker of the tetris clones copyright infringed exactly?

      That's precisely the same situation Apple is in.

    81. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by vux984 · · Score: 1

      No it does not. It gives you the right to RETURN the software if you decide you don't agree with it's license. It does NOT give you the right to IGNORE the license.

      Actually, that is exactly what it does.

      Or do you have a citation to an actual law that requires you to agree to a license agreement or return a product -after- the vendor took your money and let you go home with the product?

    82. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by vux984 · · Score: 1

      But you cannot buy a copy of Windows, install it on 1000 computers, and then sell those to 1000 different users.

      They bought 1000 comies, and included one copy with each computer.

      That. Is. Copyright. Infringement.

      If it is, that's one more thing that is WRONG with copyright.

      Odds are Apple wouldn't have been able to sue for copyright infringement _IF_ the versions of OSX on the systems had each been bought and paid for. They weren't, however. They were copies made from a single copy.

      That's splitting hairs. Yes the copies on each computer were made from a single copy. However, 1000 copies were purchased, and one copy was included with each computer.

      What was the damage to Apple? Does it really matter WHICH of the 1000 identical install discs was used on a partcular computer? OSX doesn't even have an install key, so it makes absolutely no fucking difference whether they open 1000 boxes and use each one once or open one box and use it a 1000 times. As long as 1000 copies were purchased (and they were), and as long 1 copy was included with each computer (and one was) then its absurd to argue that the copyright holders rights were violated or that he was damaged.

      Really, is it that hard to understand?

      You tell me.

    83. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      Did you modify Tetris to run on computers it was not intended? Then yes you would be guilty and if the copyright holder ever found out you could be sued.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    84. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      EXACTLY! With the way Apple demonates the computer market, forcing all other OS systems into just the tiniest of margins of user, Apple has no leg to stand on when it comes to being a polopony!

    85. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by vux984 · · Score: 1

      Then yes you would be guilty and if the copyright holder ever found out you could be sued.

      1) Because that damaged the copyright holder how?

      2) Because "modifying" an OS to run on computers it was not intended amounts to adding some drivers / kernel extensions, etc.

      By that logic, every copy of windows gets "heavily modified" during installation, as 3rd party drivers get added etc. Or should a PC vendor have to get a derivative works license fro Microsoft in order to replace the "Standard VGA" microsoft drivers with the latest ones from nvidia. Do you really want to argue that the installed copy is now an unauthorized derivative work?

      3) And even if it was a "derivative work", the copyright holder still got paid for EACH original. Where do they get harmed?

    86. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      1) Because that damaged the copyright holder how?

      You mean besides losing the right to control works which the law says is theirs?

      2) Because "modifying" an OS to run on computers it was not intended amounts to adding some drivers / kernel extensions, etc.

      By that logic, every copy of windows gets "heavily modified" during installation, as 3rd party drivers get added etc. Or should a PC vendor have to get a derivative works license fro Microsoft in order to replace the "Standard VGA" microsoft drivers with the latest ones from nvidia. Do you really want to argue that the installed copy is now an unauthorized derivative work?

      You do know that OEMs are covered in their modifications because their OEM licenses explicitly detail what they can do right? Some OEMs can modify more than others like Dell replacing icons and the Windows sound interface and have to negotiate with MS about such details.

      3) And even if it was a "derivative work", the copyright holder still got paid for EACH original. Where do they get harmed?

      Besides the fact derivative works are under the sole control of copyright holder? You seem to be confusing piracy with copyright infringement. Piracy requires copyright infringement but not vice versa. So if you decided to sell your car, it's okay for your friends to take your car without your permission and sell it, right? Too bad if you changed your mind. Too bad if you needed your car that day. Copyright law is clear on this: No permission means no permission. See CleanFlicks.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    87. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by vux984 · · Score: 1

      You mean besides losing the right to control works which the law says is theirs?

      When you sell a copy, you don't have rights to control that copy. Copyright gives rights holders specific limited rights over broadcasting, performance, and making copies, etc.

      It doesn't give the rights holder carte blanche to tell people what they can and can't do. If I buy a book, the rights holder can't tell me where I read it. They can't tell me I'm not allowed to use a highlighter on it. They can't tell me I'm not allowed to burn it.

      You do know that OEMs are covered in their modifications because their OEM licenses explicitly detail what they can do right?

      I'm not talking about OEMs. I'm talking about mom and pops building whitebox PCs. They don't have an OEM agreement, and they don't need one. They buy stuff at wholesale, assemble it, and resell it. Its not illegal.

      Besides the fact derivative works are under the sole control of copyright holder?

      Nope. I can buy a CD, and remix it to my hearts content. the right's holder can't say squat.

      Furthermore, even the redistribution isn't under their sole control. Its under our joint control. I can't release copies without their permission, but they can't distribute it either without mine.

      Now, personally, I think I should be allowed to sell the remix album provided each unit of the remix album is bundled with an original CD contain the songs remixed. As the rights holder of the original song cannot possibly claim they were damaged if they are compensated in full for the original for EVERY SINGLE copy of the derivatave work. Franky, I'd like to see that one end up in court... because its against the letter of the law, but not against the spirit of the law, and I'm very curious what damages the rights holder would argue they suffered.

      But that's beside the point, making an "insallation" copy is allowed by copyright. You don't need a license for that. And calling the nominal "changes" required to get OSX to work on a vanilla PC an infringing derivative work is an abuse of copyright law.

      Next up Wired magazine will sue the post office for folding a magazine in half to get it into my mailbox. The original magazine is flat they'll argue... by folding it in half to make it fit, you made it into an unauthorized derivative work and then you distributed it.... and we at wired magazine have been materially harmed to the order of millions of dollars.

      So if you decided to sell your car, it's okay for your friends to take your car without your permission and sell it, right?

      If I decided to sell the car. They bought the car. Then yes, at that point, they can do whatever they want with it.

      See CleanFlicks.

      Glad you brought up cleanflicks, because that's actually an interesting case on a number of points.

      The main area it failed in my opinion was by making a copy of the DVD, that was edited. Unlike the installation copy of software which is protected by copyright provisions that allow you to make a copy for installation purposes, the edited DVD was not protected in the same way.

      The interesting solution to cleanflicks is "clearplay" where an unedited original is provided, and then a "template" is applied by a custom DVD player that mutes and skips past the "unwanted" content.

      http://www.clearplay.com/

      And the clearpay solution fits the Apple situation quite appropriately. The original unedited OSX disc is provided, and the installation copy (which doesnt need permission from the rights holders) is modified to work the way the end user wants it to.

      What if Pystar had simply sold an empty PC, a copy of OSX, and a customized installer that did the system prep, installed the unedited OSX, and then updated it with the requisite patches all on the customers premises?

      Would that be entirely fine then? I think it would have been.

      So, from there, to shutting them down, because they did it at their office instead of at your house? That seems like an abuse of the law, not a just application of it.

    88. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by vux984 · · Score: 1

      And how is Psystar selling OS X on non-Apple computers not "redistribution"?

      Back up a second: If they bought sealed boxes of OSX, and then resold them unopened, would they need a license from the copyright holder? No.

      That sort of reselling is perfectly fine. Because you aren't making copies. You bought X units, and you resold X units. No problem.

      Buying a sealed box of X, installing it on a PC, and then selling the box, along with the PC should be legal. The for-use copy on the PC is specifically allowed by copyright even without an explicit license to make that copy. And then selling the PC along with the original does no harm to the rights holder and really doesn't violate them under copyright. That is what Pystar was attempting to do. And really, it SHOULD be legal.

      If you modify and redistribute without source code, are you not guilty of violating the GPL and copyright laws?

      1) Remember simply re-selling the original you purchased is NOT the same as making and distributing copies.

      2) Its "or" not "and". Either you accepted the GPL and then violated it by redistributing without source. OR you rejected the GPL and are violating copyright for redistributing without a license.

      One OR the other. Not both.

      Redistribution as-is is still allowed by copyright law.

      No. You cannot make and distribute copies. Even exact copies. You need a license to do that.

      You can however buy a copy, and then resell that copy.

      Through the use of the GPL, Linus et al, has allowed anyone to do so with restrictions.

      Copyright says you can't distribute copies AT ALL without a license.

      The GPL is a license to distribute with certain terms, should you accept them. If you reject them you can still use and modify the software. You just can't redistribute copies.

    89. Re:They didn't need good lawyers by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      When you sell a copy, you don't have rights to control that copy. Copyright gives rights holders specific limited rights over broadcasting, performance, and making copies, etc.

      It doesn't give the rights holder carte blanche to tell people what they can and can't do. If I buy a book, the rights holder can't tell me where I read it. They can't tell me I'm not allowed to use a highlighter on it. They can't tell me I'm not allowed to burn it.

      Yes, you can do whatever you want to your copy except modify and sell it. "And" is the important word you seem to have missed. It clearly says in copyright law you cannot modify your copy and sell it without the copyright holder's approval. See USC 117(b). As for what modification, a highlighter is not modification.

      I'm not talking about OEMs. I'm talking about mom and pops building whitebox PCs. They don't have an OEM agreement, and they don't need one. They buy stuff at wholesale, assemble it, and resell it. Its not illegal.

      What part of modification and redistribution isn't clear. I don't see anywhere in your example where modification occurred. And please read about what "modification" is because it seems to me you don't understand it.

      Nope. I can buy a CD, and remix it to my hearts content. the right's holder can't say squat.

      Learn what the term derivative work means.

      Furthermore, even the redistribution isn't under their sole control. Its under our joint control. I can't release copies without their permission, but they can't distribute it either without mine.

      Now, personally, I think I should be allowed to sell the remix album provided each unit of the remix album is bundled with an original CD contain the songs remixed. As the rights holder of the original song cannot possibly claim they were damaged if they are compensated in full for the original for EVERY SINGLE copy of the derivatave work.

      So basically you're saying you don't respect copyright law as long you infringe in small amounts. Isn't that saying how can a store be upset if you steal a $1 candy bar from them. How can you possibly be damaging to them? Other than it wasn't your candy bar, there's nothing wrong with it.

      But that's beside the point, making an "insallation" copy is allowed by copyright. You don't need a license for that. And calling the nominal "changes" required to get OSX to work on a vanilla PC an infringing derivative work is an abuse of copyright law.

      Hello? There is a difference by modifying a computer to run Tetris and modifying Tetris to run on a computer. If you can't distinguish between the two, then there isn't any hope for you as you clearly don't respect someone else's work.

      Glad you brought up cleanflicks, because that's actually an interesting case on a number of points.

      The main area it failed in my opinion was by making a copy of the DVD, that was edited. Unlike the installation copy of software which is protected by copyright provisions that allow you to make a copy for installation purposes, the edited DVD was not protected in the same way.

      Again there is difference between modifying a computer to run software and modifying software to run on a computer. If you modified Tetris like replacing the system libraries, you've crossed a line when you sold it.

      The interesting solution to cleanflicks is "clearplay" where an unedited original is provided, and then a "template" is applied by a custom DVD player that mutes and skips past the "unwanted" content.

      http://www.clearplay.com/

      And the clearpay solution fits the Apple situation quite appropriately. The original unedited OSX disc is provided, and the installation copy (which doesnt need permission from the rights holders) is modif

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
  3. Apple should be able to do what they want! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's their OS - even if you bought it.

  4. It took that long... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...to establish that Apple has more money to spend on lawyers????

  5. hypothedical question? by arbiter1 · · Score: 1, Interesting

    What if Microsoft did this today or even years ago? I don't think they would got off Scott free like apple does on this crap where they limited their software.

    1. Re:hypothedical question? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Very interesting question. Did the very first IBM-PC clones initially license DOS or did they initially rely on just being able to boot IBM-PC DOS?

      At some point, at at least very shortly after clones came in to existence, Microsoft licensed them to use MS-DOS. It was lucky that IBM had not reserved exclusive rights over DOS and Microsoft was willing to license it.

      Other non-IBM computer clones of the time were sued out of existence for software and hardware licensing issues similar to Psystar.

    2. Re:hypothedical question? by jimicus · · Score: 2

      Microsoft have already got legal history of being a monopoly.

      Being a monopoly isn't per-se illegal, but abusing it is. So it wouldn't be a great stretch to say "the rules would be different for Microsoft".

    3. Re:hypothedical question? by thetoadwarrior · · Score: 1

      They do that just any other software with a EULA. You don't own a copy of windows. You licence to MS' terms. MS' terms are slightly different because they don't make hardware but like wise I'm certain not just anyone can modify windows and then sell it onto people. You have ot become an OEM.

    4. Re:hypothedical question? by DannyO152 · · Score: 1

      They do do it. When you get a new system, that Windows OEM license has terms which say you infringe if you transfer it to another system, even if you've removed it from the first.

    5. Re:hypothedical question? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, but now Apple's even bigger than Microsoft so they're an even bigger monoplogy!

  6. Appple doesn't sell OS-X by wesgray · · Score: 3, Informative

    Never read so much uninformed, belligerently ignorant drivel, by posters that don't know what the word license means, or even that Apple only distributes OS-X as an upgrade outside the purchase of a Mac system.

    1. Re:Appple doesn't sell OS-X by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I object to them being able to set terms on the use of the product they sell me. Selling it as an upgrade is just a legal technicality along the same lines as requiring approved hardware. It's really no different than selling you the hardware and requiring you to use their software.

      Imagine a book publisher selling chairs that come with a copy of a new novel for use with that chair and you can only use it on that chair. Then later, the sequel comes out and they sell it. Oh, but, by the way, there is legal barf on the covers that says "Upgrade" and you can only use it with your existing chair.

      It's fucking retarded. And you don't have to be 'belligerently ignorant' to think so.

    2. Re:Appple doesn't sell OS-X by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So, what you're saying is that OS X is not, in fact, an upgrade over using Windows or Linux. Good to know. :)

  7. "They" are just waiting...for this by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    For years "They" have been waiting...for a moment much like this, where software EULAs are upheld against the Constitutional and personal freedoms of people.

    Like after the DMCA was upheld against p2p, then car dealers started enforcing it for people who circumvented the computers on their own cars, this activist judgement may open the floodgates for the veritable end of free and unemcumbered ownership, of anything!

    Wake up, people! Before it's too late!

    1. Re:"They" are just waiting...for this by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Obviously, that hasn't been happening. The question is - why?

  8. They used to sell full versions before Lion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    When Snow Leopard released in 2009, you could buy both an upgrade option (~$29 and there were other assorted family packs of upgrades) and if you didn't have Leopard (10.5), there was a full version option (it was the Mac Box Set ~$169), which came with bundled with iLife and iWork since Tiger wasn't considered an upgrade option for the Snow Leopard installer. Tiger also had a full install box you could get for ~$199 back when it released a few years before.
    It has only been with the new Lion release that they've gone upgrade only.
    Your Apple history appears to be what is uninformed or is at least revisionist; you can even still get the full Snow Leopard installs off Amazon.
    Psystar was doing their bundled installs before the upgrade-only download path was put together by Apple.
    Now, I don't know if psystar was buying the Mac Box Set's or if they were just getting the $29 upgrade and selling it as 'full' . . . but I doubt it makes a difference since even the Mac Box Set wasn't intended to go on non-apple branded hardware; even with it being a full version.

    1. Re:They used to sell full versions before Lion by UnknowingFool · · Score: 2

      No all retail versions of OS X are upgrades because all Apple machines since 2001 were sold with OS X installed. You can use it to do full installs in case you lose your HDD but they are considered upgrades. The only thing the disc detects is whether your hardware is Apple and if it is compatible.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    2. Re:They used to sell full versions before Lion by drsmithy · · Score: 2

      When Snow Leopard released in 2009, you could buy both an upgrade option (~$29 and there were other assorted family packs of upgrades) and if you didn't have Leopard (10.5), there was a full version option (it was the Mac Box Set ~$169), which came with bundled with iLife and iWork since Tiger wasn't considered an upgrade option for the Snow Leopard installer. Tiger also had a full install box you could get for ~$199 back when it released a few years before.

      They're both still upgrade licenses, just upgrades for different prior versions.

      Every retail copy of OS X requires a Mac to install it on (legally). You can't own a Mac without having bought a prior copy of OS X (since they're bundled).

    3. Re:They used to sell full versions before Lion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You can own a Mac without having bought a prior copy of Mac OS X.

      I have three that fit that description: a Mac Plus (that used to be an original 128K Mac), a Quadra 660av, and a PowerMac 8600. All shipped without Mac OS X, and none officially support it (although the 8600 was rumored to be one of the models Apple internally used to develop Mac OS X 10.0).

  9. Yeah! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If I buy a Stanely hammer through Home Despot, I fully expect that they will have the right to tell me what nails or polywood I have to use it with...

  10. False advertisement by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Then two things

    1. There should be big bold letters on *every* piece of software with a restrictive EULA: *YOU ARE NOT BUYING THE PRODUCT BUT MERELY A SINGLE USE LICENSE.
    2. Media should be readily replaced by the licensor -or-
    3. There should be a sizable discount offered.

    I say we end EULAs altogether and just have distribution licenses, such as the BSDL.

  11. To those opposed, what about software upgrades? by Zergwyn · · Score: 4, Insightful

    To my mind, software upgrades are an economically efficient and pro-user offering. They are good for both the production and use side of the equation, allowing users to pay directly for the additional cost of development since their last version rather then all the original work and value that went into the product. They allow developers to reward their own supporters and more efficiently allocate resources. Additionally, "upgrades" should be (again, from a user perspective) simply full versions, identical, except cheaper and for existing users. This is how all commercial software I use works as well.

    However, the entire concept of upgrades depends completely on legal licensing: that I can have a clause that says "you may not use this unless you previously owned a full version". I already see a number of posts, both here on Slashdot and on other forums (such as the comments with the Ars Technica article on this story), that are enraged at the result, and that argue that Psystar was "adding value" by "lowering hardware costs". The underlying argument is that, if a piece of software is sold, that should be that. However, how do those of you who argue for that square it with upgrading? Do you simply agree with the App Store take, where upgrades don't exist at all? Or do you have some other way of squaring things away?

    As things have existed, Mac OS X offerings have all been upgrades and have been priced accordingly. There seems to be a reasonable consideration on both sides here: buyers pay less money, but in exchange have the restriction of needing to have a Mac as Apple has chosen to build their development around an integrated model. Do some of you think that such integrated models should be illegal, regardless of what benefits they offer? Should Apple be required by law to sell a "full" version of Mac OS X, and would you actually be willing to pay what that might cost (ie., if they said "full version, $400")? I'm genuinely curious about people's thoughts around this.

    1. Re:To those opposed, what about software upgrades? by Sancho · · Score: 1

      Honestly, genuinely, and without sarcasm, if we live in a country where we can be forced to buy health insurance, I think that Apple should be forced to sell full versions of their software. Once we throw freedom to engage in commerce as we see fit out the window, there are a whole host of pro-consumer regulations I'd love to see enacted.

    2. Re:To those opposed, what about software upgrades? by betterunixthanunix · · Score: 1

      However, the entire concept of upgrades depends completely on legal licensing

      No it doesn't; you could sell what amounts to a bunch of patches, using previously installed components of the system that did not change. Making it robust is a technical challenge, but isn't the entire argument that we are paying for people to solve technical challenges?

      --
      Palm trees and 8
    3. Re:To those opposed, what about software upgrades? by Zergwyn · · Score: 1

      No it doesn't; you could sell what amounts to a bunch of patches, using previously installed components of the system that did not change.

      I addressed this in passing, but perhaps it's worth some additional expansion. I wrote:

      Additionally, "upgrades" should be (again, from a user perspective) simply full versions, identical, except cheaper and for existing users.

      What you seem to be arguing for is additional DRM, ie., a technical protection measure in order to enforce the wishes of the developer. However, compared to a purely social and legal framework, where customers and people in general are simply expected to be adults and do the right thing, there are significant downsides.

      1. There is additional cost to develop and deploy technical protection methods on the developer side, towards no real overall economic gain.
      2. On the user side, these measures can present honest customers with significant additional hassle and no gain while failing to do anything to the dishonest. This is the case in general, but particularly the case with an operating system. Under the current state of things, Mac OS X has no serial, no ownership checks, and no checks for previous versions. It only has some weak checks to see if it's on a Mac, and otherwise depends on license requirements. The net result is that one never even has to think about it when it comes to upgrading a machine, imaging new machines, etc. It's fine to change hardware, nuke the old hard drive, run it off a direct connect or networked image, just copy right over from one hard drive to another, or anything else possible. In any case, there will never be any trip up.
        Under your scenario, things become much more complicated to no value. To upgrade, you first need to go and dig up your old install media and install that? What if it's been a few versions, you have to start a couple back, then install one upgrade, then the next upgrade? Is it even allowed under this scenario to simply ditto over from an old drive to a new one? This doesn't seem like a net gain.
      3. Finally, if there is no rule of law and society involved, but merely technical protection, I see no way around the economic incentive to ever more heavily restrict stuff. Deep hardware level DRM practically becomes a requirement under this scenario, one where you're not just up against random individuals who aren't really any commercial loss, but against serious businesses. This seems bad every way around, from the perspective of consumer choice and of competition. A massive multinational like Apple could afford to reengineer everything, but a small dev?

      I think it's better to have a system where the general standards just exist as a matter of law and society.

    4. Re:To those opposed, what about software upgrades? by betterunixthanunix · · Score: 1

      What you seem to be arguing for is additional DRM, ie., a technical protection measure in order to enforce the wishes of the developer.

      How is that? What I said should be done is for upgrades to be distributed as patches, which are incomplete unless you already have a copy of the older version (since most software systems are built on older versions of the same code). It is not DRM to simply not give someone some code, and it solves the upgrade disc issue very elegantly. Right now, an upgrade disc is a complete copy of the software, that refuses to install if cannot detect a previous copy of the system -- that is DRM.

      However, compared to a purely social and legal framework, where customers and people in general are simply expected to be adults and do the right thing, there are significant downsides.

      Who gets to define what "the right thing" is? Very few software users think about copyright law, which is why so many companies ship software with "license compliance routines" that force people to abide by (some of) the terms of the license. Copyright law is something that only really makes sense in the context of businesses, as a regulation on industry. Expecting someone outside of an industry that depends on copyright to spend their time thinking about whether or not what they are doing constitutes copyright infringement is absurd: experience has shown that it is too much to expect most people to even read the EULA before they agree to it.

      Under your scenario, things become much more complicated to no value. To upgrade, you first need to go and dig up your old install media and install that?

      So you frequently buy upgrade media for a system that has nothing installed on it? So much for the "do the right thing" attitude. The point of an upgrade disc is to upgrade the software on a system that already has the software installed on it, at least the last time I used such a thing (admittedly, this is a while ago -- maybe times are different now?).

      Finally, if there is no rule of law and society involved, but merely technical protection, I see no way around the economic incentive to ever more heavily restrict stuff.

      Welcome to the modern reality of developing software for home and small business users. Only large organizations can afford to pay enough lawyers to go through license agreements and audit themselves for compliance. From the beginning of the PC revolution, individual users have been freely copying software and exchanging it with each other with no regard for copyright law. Your "let's get everyone to agree to only use upgrade discs for upgrades" approach is absurd when weighed against the reality of the world. That is why video game companies have such ludicrously unfriendly DRM in their games: people do not actually give a damn about license compliance, and there is no reason to believe that they ever will. It is far too difficult to go after noncompliant users -- they do not have a legal department that you can just call up on the phone, they do not necessary have published contact information, and there are far too many of them for anyone to actually keep track of.

      My personal approach to compliance is simple: I only use free as in free speech software, and I have read and understood all of the relevant licenses.

      --
      Palm trees and 8
    5. Re:To those opposed, what about software upgrades? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'd like to see the law completely ban all EULAs, shrink-wrap "licenses", click-wrap "licenses", etc. for individual users. There would only be two kinds of restrictive "licenses": standard copyright "licenses" whose terms are set by the public in the copyright law, or signed business-to-business licenses (e.g., site licenses). (This would not prohibit "permissive" licenses like GPL that do not require users to accept them, and that are only grants of additional rights, or conditional offers to grant additional rights.)

      In return, I think it would make sense to incorporate a small number of concepts into copyright law, such as "Individual Pack", "Family Pack", and "Upgrade". So Apple might put "Family Pack: 5 users" on an iLife box, or Microsoft might put "Home and Student Edition: 3 users" on a MS-Office box, much as they do now, but the rules for these categories would be in the copyright law, rather than in EULAs.

  12. Re:Challenge - Ignore YOU everyday by bdenton42 · · Score: 0

    Symbian, while declining, still outsells iPhone by a pretty respectable margin.

    Overall iPhone has only an 18% market share but I'm sure there is some other excuse why iPhone is actually #1.

  13. Re:Challenge - Ignore YOU everyday by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Symbian is dead and shrinking(!!) rapidly at a rate of 16% per year. Even Nokia gave up Symbian and stopped developing it. Which sane person buys Symbian these days??

    And again a fandroid is unable to read and differentiate. iPhone IS #1 as individual phone. The mistake fandroid are doing all the time is to confuse phones with OS. Android is not a phone. Neither a company or phone maker. It's just an OS. Yes. Android is #1 in OS, that does't contradict the fact that iPhone is the best selling phone. To understand that requires logic. Asking too much? Sorry.

    Same applies to Symbian. Symbian is an OS. Not a phone. iPhone is a Phone, not an OS.

    Yes, Virginia. iPhone is the most successful single smartphone. No matter how you try(!) to argument. In fact you are not giving any argument.
    Tell me ANY other smartphone that sells more than iPhone 4. There is none. Again : Neither Android nor Symbian is a phone and it's total market share is irrelevant for an individual phone maker or single phone model.

  14. 9th Circuit is all screwed up by burris · · Score: 1

    They have Augusto, where a CD that is mailed to DJs with a sticker that says "promotional use only, not for sale" still counts as a sale and the doctrine of first sale applies:

    Notwithstanding its distinctive name, the doctrine applies not only when a copy is first sold, but when a copy is given away or title is otherwise transferred without the accouterments of a sale. See 4 Patry on Copyright 13:15; see also United States v. Atherton, 561 F.2d 747, 750 (9th Cir. 1977) (“The ‘sale’ embodied in the first sale concept is a term of art.”). “[O]nce the copyright owner places a copyrighted item in the stream of commerce . . . , he has exhausted his exclusive statutory right to control its distribution.” Quality King, 523 U.S. at 152. The seminal illustration of the princi- ple is found in Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus, 210 U.S. 339, 341 (1908), where a copyright owner unsuccessfully attempted to restrain the resale of a copyrighted book by including in it the following notice: “The price of this book at retail is $1 net. No dealer is licensed to sell it at a less price, and a sale at less price will be treated as an infringement of the copyright.” Id. The Court noted that the statutory grant to a copyright owner of the “sole right of vending” the work did not continue after the first sale of a given copy. Id. at 349-50.

    Then they have Vernor/Psystar which says a box of software sold in a store like a book or CD is not actually a sale because Apple says it isn't and because Apple says there are restrictions on the ability to transfer or use it:

    We hold today that a software user is a licensee rather than an owner of a copy where the copyright owner (1) specifies that the user is granted a license; (2) significantly restricts the user’s ability to transfer the software; and (3) imposes notable use restric- tions.

    I predict Vernor will fall if it makes it to the Supreme Court. It totally conflicts with Bobbs-Merrill vs. Strauss and 17 USC 109 and common sense. If it walks like a sale and talks like a sale then it is a sale.

    Not that would help Psystar, they have other problems.

    1. Re:9th Circuit is all screwed up by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      I predict Vernor will fall if it makes it to the Supreme Court. It totally conflicts with Bobbs-Merrill vs. Strauss and 17 USC 109 and common sense. If it walks like a sale and talks like a sale then it is a sale.

      Just like Windows, AIX, Oracle, Solaris, etc, buying OS X is not a sale; it is buying a license. The Ninth Court says that these terms are clear in the license agreement. You may disagree but that is they way it has been forever. Just like downloading Linux is not owning it; the GPL also is a license.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    2. Re:9th Circuit is all screwed up by burris · · Score: 2

      On the one hand the 9th Circuit that just mailing a disc to a DJ counts as a sale because it has been "placed into the stream of commerce" even though the publisher of the says it isn't. On the other hand they say a disc that's sold in a store in a box like anything else that is sold in stores doesn't count as a sale because the publisher says it isn't. What is the difference?

    3. Re:9th Circuit is all screwed up by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      I'm pretty sure you're not reading that right. Do you have a citation of that?

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
    4. Re:9th Circuit is all screwed up by betterunixthanunix · · Score: 1

      What is the difference?

      When you install software, you make a copy of it.

      --
      Palm trees and 8
    5. Re:9th Circuit is all screwed up by burris · · Score: 1

      When you play a CD you make a copy of it too. How does that affect whether the transaction where you acquire that CD counts as a sale or not? p.s. Making a copy to install software, to use it, or make a backup is not infringement, see 17 USC 117.

    6. Re:9th Circuit is all screwed up by thetoadwarrior · · Score: 1

      One is claiming they've bought nothing (the promo cd) where as the other is saying you bought something (the licence - not the software). Apple is saying you get exactly what you bought where with the DJ they're saying they gave him something but it's not his.

    7. Re:9th Circuit is all screwed up by burris · · Score: 1

      Despite being a promo CD, it was still a sale. See the quote from Augusto in my top post.

    8. Re:9th Circuit is all screwed up by thetoadwarrior · · Score: 1

      But the transaction is for the CD. The Apple transaction is for a licence.

  15. Re:Challenge - Ignore YOU everyday by node+3 · · Score: 0

    Symbian, while declining, still outsells iPhone by a pretty respectable margin.

    Symbian isn't a phone.

    Overall iPhone has only an 18% market share but I'm sure there is some other excuse why iPhone is actually #1.

    "Excuse"? iPhone *is* #1 in pretty much every metric. Market share, revenue, profits, customer satisfaction...

  16. Your grasp of logic is stunning by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Because all X were sold with Y, all retail versions of Y are upgrades.
          "All packs of gum are sold with sticks of gum, therefore all retail sticks of gum are upgrades."
          "All Dells are sold with windows. There are all operating systems you can buy to put on a dell are upgrades of windows." (well, at one point they were, then you could get the N option with no OS and now its getting harder to get desktop/laptops from them without it).

        That first sentence is just dumb. Not to mention, it wasn't until 1/7/2002 that Apple announced that OSX was to be the default operating system for all mac products by the end of that month. Up until then, there were still machines shipping with OS9. Every version up until 10.7 has had both an upgrade version that was usually cheap, and a full version that ranged from 129-199 bucks depending on what they were bundling that was to cover anyone that didn't upgrade the last time.

    The full install wasn't in case you lost your hard drive. Apple OSX upgrades have always been only to upgrade the last version only; if you didn't upgrade to the last one, you could either by 2 upgrades or go straight to a full version (assuming the hardware was still supported). Since you brought up 2001, that was when Apple released the Puma version (10.1) and they gave a free upgrade cd to anyone that had bought the 10.0 full version. If you were still on OS9, you could go straight to 10.1 by buying the $129 boxed retail version. There was a big brou-ha-ha back then because someone figured out that the 'free' 10.0->10.1 upgrade cd's actually could be used as a full installer for the OS9 folks just by removing a file.

    It's not like this information is hard to look up; but what do I know, I'll just believe your authoritative response that has no supporting information.

    1. Re:Your grasp of logic is stunning by UnknowingFool · · Score: 1

      Let me explain this slowly: Show me any case where you could have bought a new Apple computer without an OS, OS X or OS 9 or otherwise. All Apple computers by Apple has had an OS installed when they were sold. Since 2001 or so that was OS X. Before that it was OS 9, 8, etc. With the clones it was iffy. If you buy a retail version of $NEW VERSION of OS X today to replace $PREVIOUS INSTALLED VERSION, it's an upgrade.

      All Dells are sold with windows. There are all operating systems you can buy to put on a dell are upgrades of windows." (well, at one point they were, then you could get the N option with no OS and now its getting harder to get desktop/laptops from them without it).

      The last time I checked, enterprises can order Dells without Windows which defeats your logic. Also remember not everyone buys a PC from an OEM with OS installed. Some people build their own PCs. So when MS sells a consumer Windows, they have to make a different one for upgrades or full retail at different prices. The first one has to detect an installed version before it can be used. With OS X all it has to do is detect that it's an Apple and sometimes if the hardware is capable of the new OS.

      and a full version that ranged from 129-199 bucks depending on what they were bundling that was to cover anyone that didn't upgrade the last time.

      Did you parse your sentence? The Full Box Sets allowed you to upgrade and skip a version. But it was an upgrade. As far back as I remember you could use the newest OS X disc and install onto machines without paying for intermediates versions. You were supposed to pay for the intermediate versions but Apple didn't really enforce it.

      --
      Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
  17. Software licensing isn't that hard by msobkow · · Score: 1

    The sheer volume of idiocy and wishful thinking on Slashdot about software licensing today is sickening.

    One poster even claimed that you don't need a license for GPL software. Hellllooooo!?!?!?!? "General Public LICENSE".

    Then there are the huge number of people who think they "own" the software they buy. Only the copyright holder "owns" software; everyone else is, at best, a licensed user.

    All the wishful thinking and willful misunderstanding in the world won't change those facts.

    And yes, you can write whatever you want into your licenses when you own the copyright on software. Someone may test it in court, but you as the OWNER have the right to require and defend any license terms you deam suitable.

    --
    I do not fail; I succeed at finding out what does not work.
    1. Re:Software licensing isn't that hard by serviscope_minor · · Score: 1

      The sheer volume of idiocy and wishful thinking on Slashdot about software licensing today is sickening.

      Quite so.

      One poster even claimed that you don't need a license for GPL software. Hellllooooo!?!?!?!? "General Public LICENSE".

      That's a license for distribution not usage. You don't need the license to use the software. I recommend that you go back and re-read your first point.

      --
      SJW n. One who posts facts.
  18. Obviously some types of constraints are illegal by Brannon · · Score: 1

    The justice system has been around for awhile. It has many flaws, but smart people have actually tried to think through some of this stuff. You should consider that perhaps your 30 seconds of analysis is inferior to hundreds of years of trial and error.

  19. Can you really use that book however you want? by Brannon · · Score: 1

    Can you make a copy of it, change the ending, burn the original, and resell the new version?

    That's exactly what Pystar was doing in this case. If you did that to your copy of Harry Potter then you would fully expect some legal ramifications.

  20. Re:Challenge - Ignore YOU everyday by bdenton42 · · Score: 1

    Symbian is dead and shrinking(!!) rapidly at a rate of 16% per year. Even Nokia gave up Symbian and stopped developing it. Which sane person buys Symbian these days??

    Apparently they are so dead that more people bought them than iPhones through 2Q11. I don't doubt that iPhone will probably pass Symbian when 3Q or 4Q stats come out, but iPhone has never been #1, yet.

    Same applies to Symbian. Symbian is an OS. Not a phone.

    Pretty much all Symbian are made by Nokia. If you want to differentiate between the various Nokia Symbian models, of which I haven't seen individual statistics, you'll also have to differentiate between the AT&T and VZ versions of iPhone, because they are actually quite different (GSM/HSPDA vs CDMA/EVDO), and I haven't seen individual statistics of those either.

    It's really quite sad that iPhone people are so insecure that they resort to anonymous namecalling like kids on a playground (fandroid? Really?).

    But yes iPhone is absolutely undeniably #1 in one thing... profit margin, but that translates to taking more of your dollars than any other manufacturer.

  21. I have 3 letters for you. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    BSD.

    (Cunts.)

  22. they didn't even really win the 1 point by sribe · · Score: 1

    The appeals court indicated that the ruling did not provide a sufficiently detailed reason for that 1 point, and explicitly reads that they expect the ruling to probably be the same after the original judge reconsiders and spells out the details. So Psystar hasn't won that point, they've probably merely delayed their loss becoming final.

  23. Im glad we didnt have these courts in the 80's by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You know apple are being pricks about this.

    Apple should deal ... a license is purchased and installed on hardware and resold apple really shouldn't have a GD thing to say about it.

    The license agreements piss me off b/c other that forbidding piracy they really shouldn't have much to say.

    The real tragedy is that the courts allow this BS, if we had these courts in the 80's then IBM would have won against Compaq and we wouldn't have the PC as we know it.

  24. Forethought Failure by Paystar? by bryan1945 · · Score: 1

    If Paystar just sold the hardware, and said "It can run OS X," but left it up to the end user to actually buy and install OS X, would that be OK? Paystar is not touching the actual software at all. And a company can get away with a whole lot of stuff by saying "It can..." My TV can run OS X if I mod it enough. So Paystar would push the EULA violation down to their customers (plus the expense of buying OS X). Or did I miss something in the ruling?

    --
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  25. defense by shentino · · Score: 1

    Psystar should have totally raped it and have it poke oodles of fun at DRM, EULAs, and stuff.

    You have to agree to a laundry list of obviously ridiculous terms to install anything and you get nothing but popups when you try to run copyrighted video.

    Then it would have constituted a satire.

  26. My hopes for Psystar II by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    In other areas of the law, there are ways to clean a title by passing it through a few dirty hands first.

    Here, Psystar ignored the licenses. But what if Psystar had instead bought the software from some third party who stripped the licenses, then sold it to someone (a pawn shop?) who sold it to Psystar?

    Either users are responsible for licenses they've never seen or read (flying in the face of all the existing case law), or future Psystars have a path out of this finding.

    At the very least, it'd make a great followup case!

  27. i am conflicted by AP31R0N · · Score: 1

    i'm glad this happened in that it will upset iQueefs, but sad that it won't hurt Apple. :|

    --
    Utilizing the synergization of benchmark e-solutions to pre-workaround action items!
  28. fsck apple by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    They are a bunch of wankers anyway.

  29. Ironic and silly by GarryFre · · Score: 1

    Ironic that the legality of what people do can change from week to week, and silly that a company can say that its illegal to do this and that no matter what it is, instead of saying its breach of contract. This kind of thing is silly as they are not part of the government, no matter how much money they make, but because of the pull they have and their lobbyists they might as well be. Only in America.

    --
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