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Denver Must Prove Red-Light Cameras Improve Safety

An anonymous reader writes "An audit of accidents at Denver intersections where red light cameras were installed versus increasing the length of the yellow light shows little difference in the results. In a case of putting the public ahead of the corporation, the Denver auditor is recommending canceling the red light camera program unless the city can prove a public-safety benefit." I hope that private citizens offering analysis or recommendations are treated fairly.

39 of 433 comments (clear)

  1. I Seem To Recall by sycodon · · Score: 5, Informative

    ...reading some years back that the Red Light camera companies had specific language in the contracts that restricted the length of yellow lights.

    A cynical person might think they wanted people running red lights. But I'm not...oh, fuck it. I am cynical.

    --
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    1. Re:I Seem To Recall by digitalaudiorock · · Score: 5, Informative

      As I recall, cities were in fact called out for shortening yellow lights for profit, and risking lives in the process. A quick Google search found this: http://blog.motorists.org/6-cities-that-were-caught-shortening-yellow-light-times-for-profit/

    2. Re:I Seem To Recall by Hatta · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Notice how no one went to jail for any of that. It's almost as if corruption were permitted in the US.

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    3. Re:I Seem To Recall by Joce640k · · Score: 4, Insightful

      What's wrong is that they live in hope that one day, somehow, they'll cross the line and be on that gravy train full of free money.

      In America it's called "The American Dream". It's why things like the outrage against wall street and the bankers is a few people in tents when it should really have far more pitchforks, lynchings and burning mansions.

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    4. Re:I Seem To Recall by bjdevil66 · · Score: 5, Informative

      Cities ABSOLUTELY cheat on yellow light timing - and they always will be because after they sign the contracts, they realize just how much money they HAVE to bring in just to pay the minimum monthly fees to the camera companies.

      Case in point: In Paradise Valley, Arizona, they were caught red-handed by anti-camera activists intentionally shortening yellow lights going less than four seconds, which was a threshold they were never supposed to go under. The city claimed they weren't doing it, until this youtube video proved they were cheating at photo radar intersections.

      After being caught red-handed, the city quietly and quickly - the very next day, in fact - changed the timing to match that minimum threshold.

      In downtown Chandler, AZ, there was another well-known intersection with cameras with a shorter yellow time than the others, and it led to a majority of ALL of its camera "revenue".

      Bottom line: There are a ton of revenue-desperate city councils out there full of dopes who aren't clever enough to see what the snake oil salesmen from camera companies are selling: "sin tax safety" AND revenue to boot, with a huge gotchas attached. It's going to take years to flush the system of these safety-neutral, revenue positive cameras.

      BTW - Everyone should take notice that Los Angeles hasn't burned to the ground after turning off their cameras. It's safe to say that if LA can live without cameras, Denver (and any other major city in the United States) would probably avoid their own "carmageddon" as well...

    5. Re:I Seem To Recall by alexo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Notice how no one went to jail for any of that. It's almost as if corruption were permitted in the US.

      Corruption is not permitted in the US. It is encouraged.

    6. Re:I Seem To Recall by mr1911 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      An observant person might think they wanted people running red lights.

      A realist might think they wanted people running red lights.

      Anyone capable of rational thought might think they wanted people running red lights.

      Fixed that for you. Take your pick.

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    7. Re:I Seem To Recall by harl · · Score: 4, Insightful

      That's not an Yankee problem. It's the same every where. There's no accountability as long as they turn a profit.

      If a corporation does something there is no way to punish them. A person can go to jail. There is no equal punishment for a corporation. They have all the advantages a person does but none of the downsides.

      If a corporation had to stop all business for say 4 months as punishment then you'd start to see ethics in corporations. However this would never happen because no politician wants to deal with the blow back of putting that many people out of work.

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    8. Re:I Seem To Recall by 0100010001010011 · · Score: 5, Interesting

      As long as you're not at the bottom, you're fine. People in general, given the opportunity, would make as much profit as they could from what ever they could, society be damned.

      The best that I can put together is that if you're at the top or in charge, you're living the American Dream and we don't want to punish anyone that makes it to that level. But if you're at the bottom you screwed up or God is punishing you so you deserve to be there. We have people making $40k a year cursing at the person making $15k for "stealing their money" and "needing to work harder". But they let the person making $1M a year slide because some day that person making $40k is going to be a part of the $1M and they don't want their money taken away.

      The CEO of what had been one of the largest privately held mortgage lenders was sentenced Tuesday to more than three years in prison for his role in a $3 billion scheme that officials called one of the biggest corporate frauds in U.S. history.

      The 40-month sentence for Paul R. Allen, 55, is slightly less than the six-year term sought by federal prosecutors.

      vs

      A homeless man robbed a Louisiana bank and took a $100 bill. After feeling remorseful, he surrendered to police the next day. The judge sentenced him to 15 years in prison.

      Roy Brown, 54, robbed the Capital One bank in Shreveport, Louisiana in December 2007. He approached the teller with one of his hands under his jacket and told her that it was a robbery.

      The teller handed Brown three stacks of bill but he only took a single $100 bill and returned the remaining money back to her. He said that he was homeless and hungry and left the bank.

      The next day he surrendered to the police voluntarily and told them that his mother didn’t raise him that way.

      Brown told the police he needed the money to stay at the detox center and had no other place to stay and was hungry.

      In Caddo District Court, he pleaded guilty. The judge sentenced him to 15 years in prison for first degree robbery.

    9. Re:I Seem To Recall by iceaxe · · Score: 4, Insightful

      In Uhmurrica we live the Ferengi Dream.

      "You don't understand. Ferengi workers don't want to stop the exploitation, we want to find a way to become the exploiters." - Rom

      --
      WALSTIB!
    10. Re:I Seem To Recall by sjames · · Score: 5, Insightful

      If braking didn't involve inertia and human reaction time, you'd be right. A light needs to be yellow long enough for the driver to see it, decide if they can safely stop before entering the intersection, and then do so. If the yellow is shorter than that, even a perfect driver will inevitably "run the red" from time to time. Shorten it enough and even an automated driver with perfect reaction would run the light from time to time based solely on statistics and the laws of physics.

      Consider a 1 microsecond yellow and it flickers when you are 1 foot from the line doing 45 MPH.

      This is well understood by traffic engineers and so there are guidelines for the minimum safe length of a yellow. Cities with red light cameras almost always end up with yellows shorter than that.

    11. Re:I Seem To Recall by gstoddart · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Penalizing all stockholders for the crimes of others is hardly fair.

      Oh, heaven forbid we penalize the stock-holders ... oh no, that would be horrible.

      Look, if the only way to punish a corporation is to hurt their bottom line, then I'm all for it. Because otherwise companies will just keep doing anything they want with no consequences whatsoever.

      If you can't slap a company with a huge fine which hurts their bottom line, what can you do to punish them? A stern talking to won't work.

      Criminals should not be able to avoid consequences by hiding behind legal incorporation.

      Why not? That's practically what legal incorporation means ... it's a separate legal entity, which apparently now is a person with free speech, and which limits individual liability.

      So except for the most egregious stuff (which is usually financial shenanigans -- again, it's all about the stockholder) there is almost no chance of someone being held criminally responsible for the actions of a corporation.

      If a bunch of individuals decide to do something criminal on behalf of the company, you pretty much need to punish the corporation so there is an understanding that they need to play by the rules as well.

      In some extreme cases you might be able to hold individuals criminally responsible, but letting the stockholders and the company off without any punishment only encourages them to act like assholes -- something they already do much of the time anyway.

      I'm sorry, but if a company decides to use ground, rabid squirrel as an additive to their pepperoni, I fail to see why the corporation shouldn't be penalized; and if that means the stockholders get penalized, well, then they can tell the people who run the company they're not happy.

      If you want to get paid for the company successes, you also own a share in their wrongdoings and misfortunes.

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    12. Re:I Seem To Recall by harl · · Score: 4, Insightful

      So you're saying people who fund and drive criminal activity but don't directly get their hands dirty are just fine.

      You have no problem with someone ordering a murder? Just the person who actually does it?

      --
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  2. Are yellows in Denver really short? by AdrianKemp · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I know here in Canada and in all the places I've been in the US yellows are plenty long.

    The issue is assholes entering the intersection to turn left when it isn't clear, people refusing to stop when the light does turn yellow, etc.

    I'd actually want to see a very clear causal link between longer yellows and safety increases, because my gut tells me longer yellows would make people ignore them even more.

    1. Re:Are yellows in Denver really short? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      In many states drivers are taught to enter the intersection to take a left turn, and it's legal.

    2. Re:Are yellows in Denver really short? by Attila+Dimedici · · Score: 5, Informative

      I have seen several studies showing a very distinct link between length of the yellow and safety. This study shows that increasing the length of the yellow decreases red light violations and this article references several studies that show that this effect does not diminsh with time. So, your gut is wrong on this one (although I understand why you would suspect that to be the case).

      --
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    3. Re:Are yellows in Denver really short? by AdrianKemp · · Score: 5, Insightful

      You should never be so close to the car in front of you that this happens. If you are, you absolutely are at fault.

    4. Re:Are yellows in Denver really short? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      "Oh no, the light is now red, there is intersecting traffic"

      no cross traffic should enter the intersection until the way is clear.

      Green != Go

      Green = precede if clear

    5. Re:Are yellows in Denver really short? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

      It's also legal in Canada, or at least Ontario. The OP is a moron. You may always enter the intersection to perform a manoeuvre you have a green light for (in fact, the HTA says you can receive a ticket for NOT doing so). Once you are fully in the intersection, if you light turns red because you cannot complete the manoeuvre you are permitted (and required), by the HTA to complete the manoeuvre on red.

      Yes, you must wait until the intersection is clear, that is also in the HTA, however, that is much more discretionary than the other directions, since the driver may start their left turn and realize the intersection is not clear before they complete their turn due to a blocked view or a car speeding up, at which point the driver is required to yield the right of way.

      Furthermore, while it is horribly annoying when people overstep this and try to squeeze three cars though, it present absolutely no collision risk because the left turn is complete either during the time when the whole intersection is red (yes, the entire intersection is supposed to be red for a moment before the other traffic is allowed to move) or as the other light turns green (in which case they are stopped and notice you in their path so they wait to proceed). The only possible time I can see it being a problem is when a driver decides to speed at a stale red, not paying attention to the intersection, in the hope that the intersection will be clear and the light will magically turn green. That sort of driver was planning to run the red, anyways.

      I *have* driven in an area where left turns on red are "illegal" (Philadelphia) and they aren't really illegal as far as I can tell. Instead, the left turn lights turn RED after they give you an opportunity to do a protected left turn. Notice that in the first paragraph I mention the driver must have a green light when they enter...

    6. Re:Are yellows in Denver really short? by colinnwn · · Score: 4, Informative

      In most states, the person in the intersection (e.g. you), has the right away over people entering the intersection. Since in some states it is perfectly legal to enter the intersection on yellow, the people proceeding straight in front of your intended route have the right of way. This is of course ignoring how some people enter on yellow when they were perfectly capable of stopping safely. Once traffic finally stops, no one should be entering the intersection from crossing traffic until you are clear of the intersection. If they do, they are violating traffic law just as much as someone running a red light.

      There should never be backing up in an intersection unless you think it is the only way to prevent a wreck, or reduce the severity of one. And even then, you better think twice, quickly.

    7. Re:Are yellows in Denver really short? by MobyDisk · · Score: 4, Informative

      At this point you can either do a really dangerous left turn, or remain blocking the traffic, or try to back up (assuming people havent filled in behind you.

      I've driven in a dozen states, all on the east coast of the US. In those states, this is not only permitted, it is the correct thing to do. It is taught that way in driver's education and a traffic cop will direct you to do this as well. When the light turns red, the driver in the intersection completes the left turn. It is not dangerous because there are a few seconds where the light remains red specifically as a time to clear the intersection. The only problem I've ever seen is when bad drivers either stay in the intersection and block it, or back-up - both of which are illegal.

    8. Re:Are yellows in Denver really short? by alexo · · Score: 4, Informative

      I'd actually want to see a very clear causal link between longer yellows and safety increases, because my gut tells me longer yellows would make people ignore them even more.

      For the Google-challenged:
      http://www.thenewspaper.com/news/02/243.asp
      http://www.thenewspaper.com/news/28/2887.asp

      You can find more.

    9. Re:Are yellows in Denver really short? by bondsbw · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The problem isn't fault, it's the consequences of a collision. Even a minor crash can result in injury, and thousands of dollars of damage and medical bills during a recession economy. Even if insurance covers you, your rates may increase.

      Now add in the camera fines. Most cities get a small cut of the fines, typically not enough to cover court costs on all the cases that get thrown out.

      The camera vendor is the only one to make money in this deal. Profits get larger by convincing the city to decrease yellow times, and by manipulating the cameras to catch people who were behind the line by inches but posed no danger.

      The economy suffers in order to make a government vendor rich... is that what we want?

      --
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    10. Re:Are yellows in Denver really short? by maxwellmath · · Score: 5, Insightful

      When it comes to safety, we should never play the blame game. It does not matter who is at fault, what matters is people being safe. The fact is that we need to do what we can to ensure safety. People will do what people always do -- that is they will do stuipd and dangerous things. I work in industrial automation designing machines. Whenever we design something, we do our best to think of every stuipd thing that the machine operator will try to do. We look at ways they might try to reach into a machine to grab a part, or places where they may try to get too close to a moving machine and every other idiotic thing they try to do.. Then we try to come up with some way to ensure that they can't do those things or at least that the machine will shut off if they do. Yes, it is stupid for them to do these things, yes it may be their "fault" if they get injured, but the fact is that people do these things anyways and we have a responsibility to try and ensure that they keep safe. I never want to see anyone get injured on a machine that I designed. This situation with traffic cameras is no different. People should not be following the car in front of them too closely, but they do. If using cameras causes people to rear end eachother more often (regardless of who is at fault), then we should not be using them.

    11. Re:Are yellows in Denver really short? by Attila+Dimedici · · Score: 4, Interesting

      But there seems to be a paradox wherein drivers may become accustom to the longer yellows, diminishing the benefits...

      My second link was to a series of studies that show that the benefits do not diminish with time. It is possible that longer yellows may make intersections that do not have the extended yellows even more dangerous. However, the solution to that is to extend those yellows as well. The most decisive study on the issue I saw was one which showed that if the rate of decceleration necessary to come to a complete stop was below 8 feet per second squared, drivers were virtually certain to stop, while if the required decceleration was above 12 feet per second squared, drivers were virtually certain to continue.

      --
      The truth is that all men having power ought to be mistrusted. James Madison
  3. Changed my mind by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I used to think the intersection camera were a good idea. However, I changed my mind once a I listened to a local police chief explain that in his city traffic accidents had actually risen at the intersections where the cameras were in use. Folks would brake suddenly when they saw the camera causing the vehicle behind them to rear-end them. Once he said that I knew he was right. People would do that.

    The cameras are a good idea in theory, but the real-world unintended consequences are too costly.

    1. Re:Changed my mind by LordLimecat · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Folks would brake suddenly when they saw the camera causing the vehicle behind them to rear-end them.

      Nothing the driver in front of you does should result in you crashing into him. That is why there is a two second rule for following, and laws against tailgating. Ive had someone yell at me because they hit me when I slammed on the brakes to avoid hitting a line of cars. Guess what, she lost that battle when they admitted I was in front of them, and she admitted that she only had half a second to respond.

    2. Re:Changed my mind by Misch · · Score: 4, Informative

      Was it Washington, DC?

      Source

      The [Washington] Post obtained a D.C. database generated from accident reports filed by police. The data covered the entire city, including the 37 intersections where cameras were installed in 1999 and 2000.

      The analysis shows that the number of crashes at locations with cameras more than doubled, from 365 collisions in 1998 to 755 [in 2004]. Injury and fatal crashes climbed 81 percent, from 144 such wrecks to 262. Broadside crashes, also known as right-angle or T-bone collisions, rose 30 percent, from 81 to 106 during that time frame.
      .
      .
      .
      The results were similar or worse than figures at intersections that have traffic signals but no cameras. The number of overall crashes at those 1,520 locations increased 64 percent; injury and fatal crashes rose 54 percent; and broadside collisions rose 17 percent.

      Overall, total crashes in the city rose 61 percent, from 11,333 in 1998 to 18,250 last year.

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    3. Re:Changed my mind by bondsbw · · Score: 4, Insightful

      But knowing that drivers do what they do, are you willing to risk a collision (and your safety, along with your passengers' safety) when you see someone is following too closely? Or would you risk the ticket? What if the person behind you is underinsured?

      You're right legally. But legality != reality.

      --
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    4. Re:Changed my mind by Ichijo · · Score: 4, Informative

      However, I changed my mind once a I listened to a local police chief explain that in his city traffic accidents had actually risen at the intersections where the cameras were in use.

      This is not unusual. The Federal Highway Administration found that red-light cameras increase rear-end collisions but reduce more severe right-angle collisions, saving $50,000 in collisions per intersection per year in medical and repair costs.

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  4. Both by Hatta · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Long yellows to give everyone a chance to stop, and red light cameras to catch the bastards who don't take that chance.

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  5. The MUTCD and ITE by Joe_Dragon · · Score: 4, Informative

    specifies that the duration of the yellow change interval should be between 3 and 6 seconds. And people have won court cases over red light tickets over the yellow time being too short.

    http://www.ite.org/decade/pubs/IR-117-E.pdf

    http://www.ite.org/safety/issuebriefs/Traffic%20Signals%20Issue%20Brief.pdf

    http://www.ite.org/annualmeeting/compendium10/pdf/AB10H2601.pdf

    1. Re:The MUTCD and ITE by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Also worth reading this - Oregon DOT Recommendations: http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/TRAFFIC-ROADWAY/docs/pdf/ODOT_yellow_red_clear_policy_A1.pdf?ga=t

      The 3 to 6 recommendation is based on some general assumptions and characteristics. It's still a mathematical equation. Also, here's a few c/p from the parent's references that are relevant (including the statement that yellow duration is commonly limited by control manufacturers and the shortfall is made up during a red phase):

      The calculation requires values for perception/reaction time of the driver, deceleration rate for stopping vehicle, vehicle speed, approach grade (uphill, downhill), intersection width and design vehicle length. The standard value used for the perception and reaction time of drivers approaching a signalized intersection is 1.0 sec.

      The Highway Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians concludes that the 1.0-sec. reaction time is appropriate for both older and younger drivers, but that the use of a 1.5-sec. reaction time “is well justified when engineering judgment determines a special need to take older drivers’ diminished capabilities into account.”

      The MUTCD (Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices) indicates that the yellow change interval should be set within the range of 3 to 6 sec. and many signal controller units will not permit settings outside of this range. If the phase change interval needs to be near the top of this range or beyond, the additional time is sometimes provided as part of a red clearance
      interval.

  6. Law and Regulation? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 4, Insightful

    As a EU citizen I understand americans hate regulations. But would this not be a thing that should be covered by law? I mean ... what the fuck? In your country a city can decide how long the traffic light is yellwo, that sounds pretty retarded to me.
    In germany the duration of yellow depends on the speed limit of the affected road.

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    1. Re:Law and Regulation? by OzPeter · · Score: 4, Insightful

      As a EU citizen I understand americans hate regulations. But would this not be a thing that should be covered by law? I mean ... what the fuck? In your country a city can decide how long the traffic light is yellwo

      (I know I will probably be modded into oblivion for this) As a foreigner living in the US I know exactly where you are coming from. This place takes parochialism to the extreme. From bottom to top its city vs county vs state vs federal. Everything is focussed on the smallest possible sphere of influence rather than looking at the bigger picture - which creates the situation where traffic laws are controlled (capriciously) by the local community rather than adhering to well thought out standards. Its the whole "we want to be free and do what we want to do without being controlled by someone else" mindset. I'm not going to say that this mindset is always bad, but it does leave you scratching your head over things like locally controlled yellow light times. One of my favourite examples of parochialism is that years ago I saw a letter in the Pittsburgh paper complaining that the team members of the Pittsburgh Steelers were denying the city of Pittsburgh valuable tax dollars by having the temerity to reside in county rather than in the city itself.

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  7. Hmm summary editorializing by OzPeter · · Score: 4, Insightful

    My reading of the stats in the TFA is that the rate front to side impacts have decreased 5 times for read light cameras compared with a rate decrease of less than 2 for yellow light extension. Being T-boned at an intersection by a red light runner is far more dangerous than being rear ended by someone not stopping soon enough because they didn't see the light change. So I'd hardly call the change in accident rates a "little difference". Sure injury reduction has been about the same and front to rear is slightly better for the yellow light extension, but I'd hardly call that conclusive.

    It astounds me that in the US red light cameras are so reviled. I am continually scared when facing a green light at an intersection and then having some one drive through the red light from my left to right. These people are trying to kill me. So supporting a system that lets them get away with it is nonsensical.

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  8. Why? by Bill_the_Engineer · · Score: 4, Insightful

    From the article it appears that the number of injuries at the intersection have actually declined since the introduction of the red-light camera. Front-to-side collisions are down and these are caused by the driver running the red light. These collisions are more dangerous than the front-to-rear collision since the vehicle directly enters the passenger area at a potentially higher speed.

    Rear-to-front collisions are caused by the driver tailgating and these in general are due to him not being able to stop in time and the collision are at a much lower speed and do not directly enter the passenger compartment. The data provided in the article reenforces this hypothesis since there were 53 injuries prior to the cameras installation and only 18 afterwards. This is despite the gain of 1 front-to-rear accident.

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  9. Here come the quotas.. watch out by WOOFYGOOFY · · Score: 4, Interesting
    "I need eight less accidents on 67th and Anderson, 15 less on Main and Second and a ten percent drop in the Joensboro distrcit over all". Get out there and make it happen or there are going to be career repercussions "

    Inevitably these are the words that will issue from some Superior Officer's mouth each morning so they can "prove" that red light camera improve safety even around the areas they're installed where there are no cameras.

    And what follows is destroyed and distorted paperwork, reclassification of incidents, motorists NOT being issued tickets on certain roads, people being "let go" and individuals involved in accidents being encouraged to "work it out between yourselves so it doesn't go on your record".

    We KNOW what happens when police are under pressure to produce downward statistics in crime each year, or in this case downward statistics for accidents. Policing becomes less professional and more third-worldy, even criminal.

    Some examples: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3mmuZsHmv8

    http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/13/ex-nypd-cop-we-planted-ev_n_1009754.html/

    It's not what the cops want to do, it's what well-intentioned people who think policing should be subject to the same kinds of productivity and performance metrics that other industries are subject to inadvertently cause.

    Telling cops they need to produce such and such numbers for this and that reason is a stupid idea who time has never existed in the first place. Telling them they need to prove by stats that the camera improve intersection safety is a big mistake.

    The way to work this is to let them do what from their experience they feel will work and have the insurance companies by law turn over their statistics to the government or the universities who then data mines it on an ongoing basis to see what works for traffic safety and what doesn't and what's trending and what isn't.

    Don't make the source of the data also the beneficiary of the data when it leans a certain way. Also don't punish them when it leans some other way.

    The police don't cause crime so it's not theirs to reduce year over year. Society causes crime, the economy causes crime, bad parenting and poor family environment causes crime, lousy neighborhoods cause crime. Not policing.

    The vast majority of police forces do what they can in the best way they've learned how and results are really pretty good in most areas. But the lions share of the credit or blame goes to the population who either is or is not inclined to follow the law in the first place.

    Squeezing departments to produce numbers is a sure fire way to have them enact a quota system which is a sure fire path to corruption which is a sure fire path to contempt for cop on the part of the citizenry which is a sure fire way to increase crime as the years go by.

    We need to do everything we can to produce and maintain a justice system that honorable and equitable and run like hell from anything that tends to corrupt that system.

  10. Re:short yellows difficult during ice storms by Inda · · Score: 4, Insightful

    So drive slower.

    "there's ice on the road and I think I'll drive at 100mph" - only an idiot would say that.

    Only drive as fast as the road conditions allow - this is bascially the law in the UK. Don't follow that law; expect to get punished for dangerous driving or driving without due care and attention.

    We have speed limits here too. They aren't a target speed. You do not have to drive at the national speed limit, only under it.

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