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Transistor Made From Cotton Yarn

MrSeb writes "Altering the very fabric of technophilic society, a multinational team of material scientists have created electric circuits and transistors out of cotton fibers (abstract). Two kinds of transistor were created: a field-effect transistor (FET), much like the transistors found in your computer's CPU; and an electrochemical transistor, which is similar but capable of switching at lower voltages, and thus better suited for wearable computers. Cotton itself is an insulator, but by using various coatings, the team from Italy, France, and the United States was able to make conductor and semiconductor cotton 'wires' that retained most of their flexibility. The immediate use-cases are clothes with built-in sensors (think radiation or heartbeat monitors), but ultimately, think of how many thousands of interconnections are in every piece of cotton clothing — you could make a fairly powerful computer!"

61 of 92 comments (clear)

  1. Punchcards by goombah99 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    One of the first uses of punchcards-- indeed turing's inspirations-- was feeding patterns into looms. Somehow this is satisfyingly full circle in the age of steam punk.

    --
    Some drink at the fountain of knowledge. Others just gargle.
    1. Re:Punchcards by goombah99 · · Score: 5, Informative

      It actually predates Turing all the way back to Hollerith taking his inspiration from the Jacquard Loom http://www.divms.uiowa.edu/~jones/cards/history.html

      --
      Some drink at the fountain of knowledge. Others just gargle.
    2. Re:Punchcards by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      It actually predates Turing all the way back to Hollerith taking his inspiration from the Jacquard Loom

      Do you mean Jean Loom Jacquard, Captain of the USS Interweave?

  2. Coatings? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    If the conductive elements are coatings on the threads, then are they insulated properly? Do you have to put on another layer of insulation? I should imagine that might hurt flexibility.

  3. Overclocking Risk? by El+Torico · · Score: 5, Funny

    If I overclock a CPU made from this would it burst into flame?

    --
    In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is usually crucified.
    1. Re:Overclocking Risk? by Samantha+Wright · · Score: 3, Funny

      This one's kind of obvious—yes, of course it would. Oily, greasy cotton that's been wrapped around your sweaty butt all day autoignites at a mere 120 degrees Celsius.

      --
      Bio questions? Ask me to start a Q&A journal. Computer analogies available for most topics!
    2. Re:Overclocking Risk? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      This is a lazy man's way of cleaning your clothes. Dunk the shirt in water, overclock until the shirt drys out. Presto - clean shirt.

  4. "You could make a fairly powerful computer" by Turnerj · · Score: 1

    The only logical thing I could think of for that would be one of those "@Home" projects but on a different crowd sourcing scale though even then battery life would suck.

    1. Re:"You could make a fairly powerful computer" by walkerp1 · · Score: 3, Funny

      The only logical thing I could think of for that would be one of those "@Home" projects but on a different crowd sourcing scale though even then battery life would suck.

      Since you're fully integrated into the Matrix, I think battery life represents an entirely different problem.

    2. Re:"You could make a fairly powerful computer" by Samantha+Wright · · Score: 1

      Well, the wearable computer has long been hailed as a successor to the PDA-style mobile personal computer. Generally this is followed by brain implants, becoming one with the Network, and finally being made out of swarms of nanobots. The futurists would eat up the chance to have holographic augmented reality projected on sunglasses (or one's shirtsleeves) without having to lug around a pocket-filling box.

      --
      Bio questions? Ask me to start a Q&A journal. Computer analogies available for most topics!
    3. Re:"You could make a fairly powerful computer" by Lumpy · · Score: 2

      "without having to lug around a pocket-filling box."

      Stop buying old tech. my dual core wearable computer does not fill a pocket and could easily be worn on a belt. plus my latest version runs 2 days on a single charge.
      and glasses? Bah.

      Put the information display on your arm.... http://www.getinpulse.com/ if you want to be less visible, otherwise you can easily strap the whole computer and display on your arm if you want to look more tech oriented.

      Live it now, the tech already exists.

      --
      Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
    4. Re:"You could make a fairly powerful computer" by GaryOlson · · Score: 1

      Since you're fully integrated into the Matrix, I think battery life represents an entirely different problem,

      Simple solution -- beer. Visiting the pub could become a mandatory activity for lunch everyday to recharge. And don't forget dessert!

      --
      Every mans' island needs an ocean; choose your ocean carefully.
    5. Re:"You could make a fairly powerful computer" by Opportunist · · Score: 2

      And think of the possibilities! No more working out just to get that desert out of your system. Just calculate pi and that pie is gone.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    6. Re:"You could make a fairly powerful computer" by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      I'm somehow wary of stuff that starts with a lowercase i and has a capital letter inside the name.

      Not 'cause it may be bad, but because the company will invariably get sued, probably into bankruptcy. Don't tell me Apple forgot to patent THAT!

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    7. Re:"You could make a fairly powerful computer" by X3J11 · · Score: 1

      And think of the possibilities! No more working out just to get that desert out of your system. Just calculate pi and that pie is gone.

      Or... just stop eating dirt. Most of us managed that by age 5 or so. Though I do sometimes miss a good old mud pie.

      s/desert/dessert/

    8. Re:"You could make a fairly powerful computer" by Marxist+Hacker+42 · · Score: 1

      Hungarian depressed camel notation must drive you insane!

      --
      SJW: a person who perceives an injustice, and while correcting it, commits a greater injustice.
    9. Re:"You could make a fairly powerful computer" by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      Ok, ok. Nachtisch. Besser?

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
  5. A cotton transistor takes the prize by cold+fjord · · Score: 4, Funny

    Over the years I've spoken with many electrical engineers and software engineers, and heard much technical lore, but a cotton transistor? That is a yarn worthy of a prize.

    --
    much of left-wing thought is a kind of playing with fire by people who don't even know that fire is hot - George Orwell
    1. Re:A cotton transistor takes the prize by Aerynvala · · Score: 1

      Hah! Well punned.

      --
      http://transformativeworks.org/
    2. Re:A cotton transistor takes the prize by Samantha+Wright · · Score: 5, Funny

      Now just wait a cotton-picking minute. Anything that yields a crop of puns this good must surely be fabricated.

      --
      Bio questions? Ask me to start a Q&A journal. Computer analogies available for most topics!
    3. Re:A cotton transistor takes the prize by cold+fjord · · Score: 4, Funny

      Anything that yields a crop of puns this good must surely be fabricated.

      I'm not sure that I fully take your meaning. Are you suggesting that they need to spin up manufacturing? Or are you trying to gin up a controversy because you think this yarn about cotton transistors is made up out of whole cloth? If it really works, there could be enormous potential in high-speed communications and backplanes, interfacing to fibre, and switching fabrics, for example. This could be an interesting investment opportunity. If it takes off, they'll need some good marketing, and a spokesman. I think that guy from the Matrix would be perfect! What was his name..... Agent Smith.... Hugo something?

      --
      much of left-wing thought is a kind of playing with fire by people who don't even know that fire is hot - George Orwell
    4. Re:A cotton transistor takes the prize by GaryOlson · · Score: 1

      But this story was not spun from thin air. It speaks of the gift of circuitry delivered by gold, nanoscale, and polymyrrh.

      --
      Every mans' island needs an ocean; choose your ocean carefully.
    5. Re:A cotton transistor takes the prize by domatic · · Score: 1

      These crappy puns have been woven out of whole cloth.

    6. Re:A cotton transistor takes the prize by Anne_Nonymous · · Score: 1

      >> Now just wait a cotton-picking minute...

      Alright, alright, don't get your panties in a divide by zero error.

    7. Re:A cotton transistor takes the prize by neoshroom · · Score: 1

      Epic Win!

      I see he's pulled the wool over your eyes.

      --
      Big apple, new Yorik, undig it, something's unrotting in Edenmark.
  6. perfect for by cold+fjord · · Score: 5, Funny

    foldingclothes@home*

    *With apologies

    --
    much of left-wing thought is a kind of playing with fire by people who don't even know that fire is hot - George Orwell
    1. Re:perfect for by james_van · · Score: 1

      hey, dont give out my wife's email address!

  7. Re:Fault tolerant circuits? by Samantha+Wright · · Score: 1

    They'd probably make them removable so you didn't have to wash them if that were a problem (and it does seem likely.) Perhaps an insert that sits between two layers of cloth to protect it from both the body and the environment.

    --
    Bio questions? Ask me to start a Q&A journal. Computer analogies available for most topics!
  8. No powerful computers by mysidia · · Score: 1

    ultimately, think of how many thousands of interconnections are in every piece of cotton clothing — you could make a fairly powerful computer!"

    While that's a cute idea... a lot of transistors = a lot of heat.

    Cotton fibers are not particularly known for their ability to tolerate high heat, and neither is human skin.

    1. Re:No powerful computers by korgitser · · Score: 2

      So you mean clothes that would actively keep you warm? It's only a northern thong:)

      --
      FCKGW 09F9 42
    2. Re:No powerful computers by Penguinshit · · Score: 1

      Spreading the number out over a large area dissipates the heat quite well.

    3. Re:No powerful computers by Sulphur · · Score: 1

      ultimately, think of how many thousands of interconnections are in every piece of cotton clothing — you could make a fairly powerful computer!"

      While that's a cute idea... a lot of transistors = a lot of heat.

      Cotton fibers are not particularly known for their ability to tolerate high heat, and neither is human skin.

      This is obviously meant for water cooling. A tasteful way of doing this would be a modified umbrella that supplied the spray.

      Forget military uses; this would stand out in infrared like a weenie roast.

    4. Re:No powerful computers by mysidia · · Score: 1

      Spreading the number out over a large area dissipates the heat quite well.

      Unless you have found a way to make electric current exceed the speed of light; a loss of density is also a drop in the amount of computing power and efficiency that can possibly be achieved.

  9. Huh? by Gazoogleheimer · · Score: 1

    The cotton isn't a [semi]conductor, the coatings are. Still novel, though.

    1. Re:Huh? by emilper · · Score: 1

      yes, extremely novel, they impurified the semiconductor with cellulose ... or is it "they reinforced the semiconductor with cellulose fibers" ... equally novel

  10. Oh no, my motherboard is caught in the door. by Dr+Max · · Score: 2

    What happens if you catch your sleeve on a sharp corner, the shirt starts unravelling and your processor is strung across the room? I guess you go to your IT Tailor specialist.

    --
    Rocket Surgeon.
    1. Re:Oh no, my motherboard is caught in the door. by Romberg · · Score: 3, Funny

      What happens, is that you now enabled hyper-threading .

    2. Re:Oh no, my motherboard is caught in the door. by Dr+Max · · Score: 1

      Nice.

      --
      Rocket Surgeon.
  11. It's just reality catching Dilbert by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1
  12. Not that many connections by artor3 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    From the summary: "think of how many thousands of interconnections are in every piece of cotton clothing — you could make a fairly powerful computer!""

    There aren't that many connections. Assume a 200 thread count fabric, since it's both typical and makes the math easy. That thread count means in each square inch of fabric, you have 100 vertical threads and 100 horizontal, for a total of 10k crossings. To replicate just the old 100 MHz Pentium 1 processor (hardly what anyone would call a powerful computer), you'd need over two square feet of this stuff. If you want something decent, like what you might get in a modern smartphone, you'll need anywhere from ten to a hundred times that much. And remember that it won't run anywhere near the speeds of the IC, and that we haven't even allowed space for all the other essential bits of a computer (e.g. memory). If you want a powerful computer in your shirt, you're much better off sewing something tiny into the hem. Even then, the weight of the battery will be obnoxious.

    Still very cool technology, but I see it being used for simpler distributed systems (like the mentioned sensors) rather than a fabric computer.

    1. Re:Not that many connections by jupiter126 · · Score: 1

      It depends of the thuckness of your cotton! If you manage to get 35nm cotton threads, you would surely need more than 200 connections and might get a decent woolen computer!

    2. Re:Not that many connections by MrSeb · · Score: 1

      There are a lot of square inches of cotton in a t-shirt, you know :) At least 100 square inches! Probably nearer a thousand or more.

    3. Re:Not that many connections by lorinc · · Score: 2

      Plus, I'm doubtful about the robustness of these cotton crossings. It take a single broken thread to break the entire system, which is quiet common with clothes.

    4. Re:Not that many connections by Osgeld · · Score: 1

      my god man you might have enough collective power to run windows XP!

    5. Re:Not that many connections by geekoid · · Score: 1

      at least 10,000 in yours!

      ZING!

      --
      The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
    6. Re:Not that many connections by MattskEE · · Score: 1

      I wrote up a little section on why wearable organic transistors are not well suited for any real digital computation to add on to your post (longer physical propagation delays, extremely slow FETs, high resistance interconnect, uneven/changing surrounding dielectric environment), but then I read the paper and realized that it's just the poor journalism at ExtremeTech that was talking up that angle. The actual researchers don't mention high power digital circuits like ExtremeTech, in fact the only application I saw that the paper directly mentioned was chemical and biological sensors.

      The actual computing horsepower for wearable computers with any real complexity will obviously need to be provided by conventional CMOS chips for years to come. They are tiny and can be integrated in clothing with little impact and easily ruggedized for washing machines, they use far less battery power, they are reliable, and can actually provide real computing power. The place for integrated organic semiconductors in wearable computing is for things like displays and sensors which don't need high speed transistors but need large areas, flexibility, or interesting chemical properties. There is undoubtedly going be a place for very simple circuits directly implemented in organic textile based transistors, but it's not going to power a GPS receiver or anything fancy like that.

  13. Well, that's a first by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    First hardware that's actually well, soft-wear!

  14. Re:Will this be the beginning of the end... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    Nope, but expect the wet t-shirt to be worn by overclockers instead of cute chicks.

  15. What powers it? by sohmc · · Score: 1

    I didn't read the abstract but it seems like the biggest hurdle with any portable technology is power, more specifically battery life.

    I predicted some 5-10 years ago that battery technology is due for a major advance, but I haven't seen it materialize. Sure, there have been a bunch of studies and experiments, but nothing impressive at the consumer level.

    --
    We don't live in Shouldland.
  16. Duribilty by ShAkE_a82 · · Score: 1

    Flexible it may be but i think it will still need some sort of insulation on top to avoid short circuits and runs and pulled threads. I cannot imagine it being integrated into a fabric right on top in the open with lasting functionality

    1. Re:Duribilty by Ritchie70 · · Score: 1

      My cat routinely snags new shirts the first day I wear them. Not exactly good in this case.....

      --
      The preferred solution is to not have a problem.
  17. Great, vegetable computing by youn · · Score: 1

    now, if it stops working you can either eat it... or in the case of cotton, use it to wipe out the mess :)

    --
    Never antropomorphize computers, they do not like that :p
  18. Overclocking... by Mr_ZnArK · · Score: 1

    Would have much more serious consequences.

  19. TSA by kimvette · · Score: 2

    In other news, TSA has now announced that in addition to not allowing the wearing of jewelry/accessories which have details vaguely resemble miniscule guns a few mm in length and not allowing the oh-so-dangerous hydrogen hydroxide aboard aircraft, they will also be banning cotton clothing due to recent chatter about the ability to weave dangerous devices into cotton fabric. Full story at 11.

    --
    The Christian Right is Neither (Christian nor right). See: Matthew 23, Matthew 25, Ezekiel 16:48-50
  20. The question everyone is anxious to know... by The+Altruist · · Score: 1

    Will it play Farmville?

  21. Re:Fault tolerant circuits? by Opportunist · · Score: 1

    You might have to uninstall that pizza and egg some time.

    But "debugging" now gets a really nasty undertone...

    --
    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
  22. Re:Will this be the beginning of the end... by Opportunist · · Score: 2

    So it WILL be the end of wet t-shirt contests.

    --
    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
  23. Multi-Threading by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    What, no jokes about multi-threading?

  24. The Devil is in the Details by Ancient_Hacker · · Score: 1

    Ahem, what about the not so insignificant details such as transistor speed, performance, scalability, yield, and reliability?

    To get transistors to the level they're at, they've had to be very carefully shrunk and the silicon carefully controlled for resistance and impurity level, something that these deposited semiconductors will be many, many orders of magnitude worse in each and every parameter.

    There's not a whole lot of point making transistors that are 1,000 times larger, 1,000,000 more power-hungry, have 100,000 times lower yield, 10,000 times slower, and have 10,000 times shorter life, (as a rough estimate).

  25. Re:Fault tolerant circuits? by geekoid · · Score: 1

    OR build them in a way that they discharge the dirt when they are hung up.

    --
    The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
  26. The fabric of time in nano seconds or mil seconds? by warpuck · · Score: 1

    To use the cloth computer..... Wouldn't you have to catch the shuttle cock 1st? Then you have learn to curve the bullets path also?