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Universities Agree To Email Monitoring For Copyright Agency

New submitter fish waffle writes "The universities of Western Ontario and Toronto have signed a deal with Access Copyright that allows for surveillance of faculty correspondence, defines e-mailing hyperlinks as equivalent to photocopying a document, and imposes an annual $27.50 fee for every full-time equivalent student to pay for it all. Access Copyright is a licensing agency historically used by most universities in Canada to give them blanket permission to reproduce copyrighted works, largely to address photocopying concerns that may extend beyond basic fair-use. Since the expiration of this agreement, and with recognition that many academic uses do not require copyright permissions or payments or are already covered under vendor-specific agreements, Canadian academic institutions have been united in opposing continuation of the agreement with the agency. Access Copyright has countered with a proposal for increased fees, and expansion of the definition of copyright to include linking and the need for online surveillance. In a strange breaking of ranks, the University of Western Ontario and the University of Toronto have capitulated and signed agreements that basically accede to the licensing agency's demands. The Canadian Association of University Teachers bulletin provides detailed background on the issue (PDF)."

165 comments

  1. /facepalm by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    /facepalm. Both sides.

  2. Change Universities by twotailakitsune · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The fact that others are NOT doing this means that people in Canadian Universities can change to a different University. Lucky people.

    1. Re:Change Universities by phrostie · · Score: 4, Funny

      eh

    2. Re:Change Universities by Samantha+Wright · · Score: 2

      Unfortunately, $27.50 is a drop in the bucket compared to tuition, and hence not likely to affect much of anything.

      --
      Bio questions? Ask me to start a Q&A journal. Computer analogies available for most topics!
    3. Re:Change Universities by zill · · Score: 2

      Engineering undergrad at UofT is around $8000 a year. $27.50 would be appropriately 0.3% of tuition. To me that feels quite substantial, considering that this $27.50 fee doesn't help students at all; they still have to spend hundreds of dollars every year on textbooks.

    4. Re:Change Universities by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2

      0.3% feels substantial to you? You aren't going to switch schools over another $30. You might switch on the principle, but not for economic reasons. Just driving out to the university, getting lunch, and spending your time looking at the program costs more than $30.

    5. Re:Change Universities by the+eric+conspiracy · · Score: 1

      The professors should supply hyperlinks to the textbooks.

    6. Re:Change Universities by Mashiki · · Score: 1

      Considering it costs over $1k/mo in London and Toronto in just living not food expenses? Yes, $30 is expensive. Food is a bit of a different story depending, by the time you left the university to get lunch and came to head back, the afternoon might be over.

      --
      Om, nomnomnom...
    7. Re:Change Universities by margeman2k3 · · Score: 1

      Just $8000?
      I'm paying close to $11000 a year for Comp Sci.

    8. Re:Change Universities by ae1294 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      0.3% feels substantial to you? You aren't going to switch schools over another $30. You might switch on the principle, but not for economic reasons. Just driving out to the university, getting lunch, and spending your time looking at the program costs more than $30.

      Zill (1690130) - Engineering undergrad
      Missed something, I do think.

    9. Re:Change Universities by sgt+scrub · · Score: 2

      I remember college. I remember $27.50. I even remember not ever having $27.50 while in college.

      --
      Having to work for a living is the root of all evil.
    10. Re:Change Universities by Mr.+Freeman · · Score: 1

      Then he's a terrible engineer. 0.3% of $8000 is $24. Transferring to another university would cost more than that in transcript fees alone (which vary but can be about $30). Once you take into account moving expenses you blow that out of the water.

      0.3% is insignificant for just about everything engineers do. You're going to use a factor of safety of somewhere between 1.5 and 2 for even the most well-known situations, 0.3% is well within this limit.

      --
      -1 disagree is not a modifier for a reason. -1 troll, flaimbait, redundant, overrated are NOT acceptable substitutes.
    11. Re:Change Universities by zill · · Score: 1

      27.50/8000=0.34375%, which I rounded down to 0.3% since $8000 only has one significant digit.

      I still maintain it's substantial, considering that students gain absolutely nothing from this $27.50.

    12. Re:Change Universities by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Back in the 80s I paid $600 a term ($1200 a year) for comp sci at Waterloo, and with paid work terms in between it practically came out to be free... Every time I read slashdot I feel lucky that I'm old, sad isn't it.

    13. Re:Change Universities by stephanruby · · Score: 1

      Switching University may not be enough, they'll also need to ensure they don't send emails to anyone on those two University email systems.

      Are there any privacy-focused email Block Lists one could subscribe to?

    14. Re:Change Universities by davester666 · · Score: 1

      Go for a real degree...computer engineering...that is, if you have the grades to get in.

      --
      Sleep your way to a whiter smile...date a dentist!
    15. Re:Change Universities by niftydude · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Unfortunately, $27.50 is a drop in the bucket compared to tuition, and hence not likely to affect much of anything.

      You are focussing on the students. I think it is more likely that the faculty staff will start leaving. Email is insecure enough as it is, and the last thing most professors actively involved in research will want is a third party having access to any unpublished research that is sent to colleagues and co-authors via email.

      --
      You can never know everything, and part of what you do know will always be wrong. Perhaps even the most important part.
    16. Re:Change Universities by Tuoqui · · Score: 4, Insightful

      This isnt about drops in the bucket this is about Copyright Lobby's war chest...

      73,685 Students (UofT) * $27.50 = $2,026,337.50 / per year

      That is being given to hostile entities that may just come by and sue anyways. Sorry but UofT and Western Ontario did their students a great disservice by selling them out to the copyright lobby. Honestly, if I was in either of these schools I'd be transferring and encouraging everyone else to transfer to.

      --
      09F911029D74E35BD84156C5635688C0
      +2 Troll is Slashdot's way of saying groupthink is confused
    17. Re:Change Universities by rtb61 · · Score: 1

      Expensive or not, it is just another sickening grab for greed. Students already have to pay for textbooks and access to online articles. They are now being charge extra for a link to what they are already paying for. If you can't see the transparent disingenuous grab for cash at the expense of those already struggling to feed the greed of the already rich. You paid for the content in fees already, but wait that's not enough you have to pay more to be told where to access what you have already paid for. Will this be a one off, absolutely not, just a sign of more charges to come.

      --
      Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
    18. Re:Change Universities by tsa · · Score: 3, Informative

      More and more people at our university use gmail these days because it's more reliable than the email service the university provides.

      --

      -- Cheers!

    19. Re:Change Universities by Samantha+Wright · · Score: 1

      If it helps any, I'm going to U of T next year for my graduate work and intend to be as much of a pain as possible about the fee thing.

      --
      Bio questions? Ask me to start a Q&A journal. Computer analogies available for most topics!
    20. Re:Change Universities by Samantha+Wright · · Score: 1

      ...and the related privacy violation.

      --
      Bio questions? Ask me to start a Q&A journal. Computer analogies available for most topics!
    21. Re:Change Universities by sempir · · Score: 1

      Re: eh

      Best post I've read today. Clear, concise, beautifully punctuated. In all a work of commentary art. Loved it.

      --
      A closed mouth gathers no foot.
    22. Re:Change Universities by OeLeWaPpErKe · · Score: 2

      If you're paying $8000, and only care about the "one significant digit", can I have the $499 you don't care about ?

      Just because a digit is 0 doesn't mean it's insignificant.

    23. Re:Change Universities by Ihmhi · · Score: 1

      You'd still pay something like that (if you pay at all) in quite a few European countries that have yet to succumb to private corporate interests. Instead, they actually take care of their citizens.

    24. Re:Change Universities by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The rise in Canadian university fees has nothing to do with "private corporate interests." Yes times are changing now but between the 80s and 2000 most rises in prices were solely for the benefit of politicians.

      Read the GP again, see the part about "PAID WORK TERMS." The Private Corporations - large and small - were actually Very Helpful in our education, they Paid US to get On The Job Training with no guarantee that we'd every go back and work for them.

      Summary: Your post is a pile of bull shit.

    25. Re:Change Universities by Grishnakh · · Score: 2

      Actually, yes it does mean that. Trailing zeroes are always insignificant, unless they're indicated otherwise with either a decimal point at the end or a bar on top. I haven't seen any of those here.

    26. Re:Change Universities by anyanka · · Score: 1

      Yes. Good thing Google doesn't have software that automatically reads through your emails for its own purposes... Whoops!

    27. Re:Change Universities by hobarrera · · Score: 1

      $27.50 is always a lot if you're not necessarily getting anything in return for it.

    28. Re:Change Universities by KingBenny · · Score: 1

      2kk $ , any internet scam promises money while sleeping but this is internet scam re-invented ... how the hell do people agree to this? only good thing : every day i'm a little more convinced that it's actually not me who's crazy

      --
      Free speech was meant to be free for all... how can anyone grow up in a nanny state ?
    29. Re:Change Universities by Samantha+Wright · · Score: 1

      Eh. That's tuition for you.

      --
      Bio questions? Ask me to start a Q&A journal. Computer analogies available for most topics!
    30. Re:Change Universities by tsa · · Score: 1

      Which of the two evils do you prefer?

      --

      -- Cheers!

    31. Re:Change Universities by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's not so bad these days. Only $4k per semester and the pay is pretty damn good. I dropped out after two years UP $10000 and a full time job.

    32. Re:Change Universities by anyanka · · Score: 1

      Neither?

      I believe that's still an option, even though it's not as convenient as Gmail.

      Still, I do see a lot of my students and colleagues using Gmail, possibly because the University provides crappy service. I guess I'm old-fashioned.

    33. Re:Change Universities by anyanka · · Score: 1

      Crappy, but not creepy like in TFA (yet).

    34. Re:Change Universities by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Because of elements like this one, I've ditched Canadian Universities for almost ten years now, despite being Canadian-born. I've studied in Europe, where tuition fees are at least ten times lower than in any anglophone country.

    35. Re:Change Universities by fifedrum · · Score: 1

      I had a very long post questioning the very nature of the braintrusts that run Canadian universities, but then I thought, fuck it, if they're stupid enough to fall for this extortion, let them. Obviously they're corrupt. This third party company has some information on someone at the top of those two universities, or people at the top are getting kick backs. So what. Why should we concern our selves with petty corruption, or even grand corruption?

    36. Re:Change Universities by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't believe any of the prior posts belong to a university student in Canada. If I am wrong, may god have mercy on our souls.

  3. Poor Google? by Roger+Lindsjo · · Score: 2

    Did I understand this correctly, linking to content is the same as providing a copy of the content and requires a fee? Does that mean that Google Canda is next?

    1. Re:Poor Google? by ThePeices · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Poor Google? How about poor Canadian WWW, almost every website that's hosted in Canada has at least one hyperlink to an external site, the contents of which are copyrighted.

    2. Re:Poor Google? by PIBM · · Score: 4, Insightful

      What I find interesting is that for 27.50$ per year per student, they have a blanket permission to reproduce any copyrighted work (should I understand the summary correctly) ... That's such a small fee vs what people have had to pay for limited copyright infringements..

    3. Re:Poor Google? by ColdWetDog · · Score: 0

      Further, does that give them access to every paywalled site available in Canada or do 'some restrictions apply'?

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    4. Re:Poor Google? by Auroch · · Score: 3, Informative

      What I find interesting is that for 27.50$ per year per student, they have a blanket permission to reproduce any copyrighted work (should I understand the summary correctly) ... That's such a small fee vs what people have had to pay for limited copyright infringements..

      Not quite blanket. No music, and nothing that would reproduce the entire work, unless that work is short and/or monumental.

      --
      Quartz Extreme and Core Image. Are there any other real reasons to spend all that money on generic hardware?
    5. Re:Poor Google? by nurb432 · · Score: 1

      "entire work" .. ok just 90% then? The parts you care about.

      Sounds like a 'unlimited license to all content'. Sort of like some of the music services here, pay a monthly fee and get all that you want.. But in this case, you can make copies.

      --
      ---- Booth was a patriot ----
    6. Re:Poor Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      27.50 a year for ALL my textbooks? I'd gain money back x5 after 1 textbook.

    7. Re:Poor Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      What I find interesting is that for 27.50$ per year per student, they have a blanket permission to reproduce any copyrighted work (should I understand the summary correctly) ... That's such a small fee vs what people have had to pay for limited copyright infringements..

      They don't get blanket permission to do anything. If your read the fine-print in this agreement, you see in section 3 how very limited the rights are. Really not much more than fair dealing would allow in any event. So don't read too much value into this license.

    8. Re:Poor Google? by Sulphur · · Score: 2

      Did I understand this correctly, linking to content is the same as providing a copy of the content and requires a fee? Does that mean that Google Canda is next?

      Yes, and then the world.

    9. Re:Poor Google? by msobkow · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Seeing as they contractually treat sending a link as making a photocopy, it would seem that you are now allowed to photocopy entire works under this new agreement.

      Not a bad perk for the price increase at all.

      --
      I do not fail; I succeed at finding out what does not work.
    10. Re:Poor Google? by Entropy98 · · Score: 1

      Say I write a book, they pay $27 to some orginization I have nothing to do with and then they can copy my copyrighted work without paying me? Which, if any, artists get a check from this and how do they determine who gets what?

    11. Re:Poor Google? by trolman · · Score: 2

      For the low price of 19.95 I will let them do anything they want on the Internet.

    12. Re:Poor Google? by TheSpoom · · Score: 3, Funny

      Haha, you think this extends to textbooks.

      --
      It's better to vote for what you want and not get it than to vote for what you don't want and get it.
      - E. Debs
    13. Re:Poor Google? by Nikker · · Score: 1

      An amendment to the Canadian Copyright Charter is being passed that offers the same protection as the service being offered. The other schools are banking the bill will pass, rendering the fee obsolete. These other institutions are obviously do not feel the same. This is what raised the fee from approximately $3 to the $27 dollar figure, a comapny with a failing business model trying to sustain an unsustainable business. For what ever reason UofT and Western feel the governments protection by law is not sufficient and I would be very interested in finding out why that is.

      --
      A loop, by its nature, continues. If that didn't make sense, start reading this sentence again.
    14. Re:Poor Google? by thirdpoliceman · · Score: 1

      The kicker is these two universities already pay for access to the majority of articles used by students via their database subscriptions. Access Copyright is charging for a lot of content to which the universities already have access.

    15. Re:Poor Google? by DaveAtWorkAnnoyingly · · Score: 1

      I told you where you can find knives and guns, because I'm an advertising agency. Does that make me complicit to a murder you then commit using the weapons you purchase from those places I told you about?

      Another absurd rule written be people who "just don't understand"...

    16. Re:Poor Google? by Coryoth · · Score: 1

      I've heard that part of the reason that UoT and Western signed on to this is that they found the working sufficiently ambiguous in the actual contract and have their own interpretation of it that differs vastly from what Access Copyright intends. In other words, they think they have some "interpretation" loopholes big enough to drive a truck through and win big on this in the long run. I suspect the issue you point out here is exactly suhc a loophole.

    17. Re:Poor Google? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Read the agreement:

      http://utlibrarians.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/access-copyright-u-of-t-fully-executed-license-jan-30-2012.pdf

      They get the right to reproduce up to 10% of the stuff in the Access Copyright "repertoire," which contains redundancy with regards to other journal/database licenses, which people increasingly leaving, and which is certainly not "any copyrighted work." (Textbooks typically wouldn't be in the repertoire, and music and movies would be right out.)

      Of course, the original complaints also remain, which are (as I see them): free increase (students love to pay more, right?), expanded surveillance/compliance obligation (boo!!), hyperlink/photocopy equivalence (wtf!?), and the simple precedent it sets -- in a time where Canada has a (imho, backwards) copyright bill on the table that might look like SOPA by the end of things -- meaning, that this will almost certainly be used by the copyright industry, in addition to the growing fees, to further its stranglehold on knowledge and culture.

      At the same time, the professional academic/research community is also getting increasingly upset about the situation that they are in, where publishers are charging increasing rates for (their) tax-funded scholarly work which they typically also spend time to review. In some cases the public and scholars pay for scholarly work many times over.

      The following article is not specifically Canadian, but certainly applies...
      http://www.economist.com/node/21545974

      Other big universities are basically taking a wait-and-see approach, which I think is much more appropriate in this context, when so much is up in the air. UofT did students and faculty at all institutions, and the networked community at large, a pretty big disservice.

  4. Is this some sort of joke? by tkrotchko · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You'd think the Universities would be the last to cave in to a blatant demand for protection money.

    Can they really be serious? Linking is equivalent to a copyright?

    --
    You were mistaken. Which is odd, since memory shouldn't be a problem for you
    1. Re:Is this some sort of joke? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2

      Apparently it's also equivalent to seeing the full page, as if merely sharing the title of a paper was all you needed to share a document.

    2. Re:Is this some sort of joke? by Daniel+Dvorkin · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Somebody high up in the university administrations got bribed, is my guess. I honestly can't think of any other reasonable explanation.

      --
      The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
    3. Re:Is this some sort of joke? by cstdenis · · Score: 1

      Never underestimate the power of bribes.

      --
      1984 was not supposed to be an instruction manual.
    4. Re:Is this some sort of joke? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Next up: referencing ISBN numbers is considered photocopying.

      Later: SHOCKING BREAKING NEWS: Every reputable peer-reviewed field is engaged in MASSIVE copyright infringement! Just look at all the links at the end of all these articles - we can't have that!

      Still later: Per resulting legislation, no peer-reviewed articles or texts can include references, and every reference on Wikipedia has by law been replaced with [citation removed].

    5. Re:Is this some sort of joke? by Sulphur · · Score: 1

      Apparently it's also equivalent to seeing the full page, as if merely sharing the title of a paper was all you needed to share a document.

      Maybe if you are Edgar Cayce.

    6. Re:Is this some sort of joke? by Jafafa+Hots · · Score: 2

      I have edited the Encyclopedia Britannica down to a far more powerful, potent form. It follows below.

      .

      There. You now know everything.

      --
      This space available.
    7. Re:Is this some sort of joke? by Mateorabi · · Score: 1

      Mostly harmless.

      --
      "You saved 1968." - Ms. Valerie Pringle to the crew of Apollo 8

    8. Re:Is this some sort of joke? by Heddahenrik · · Score: 2

      I would actually think that they caved in for psychological reasons. The mafia sent some very angry frightening people to them, and they felt that the only way to stop this terror is to pay up. The university staff was probably just trying to do the very right thing, and then the terror convinced them that strangling free flow of information and start sponsoring more terrorism was the only thing that is surely legal.

    9. Re:Is this some sort of joke? by Macgrrl · · Score: 1

      [citation needed]

      --
      Sara
      Designer, Gamer, Macgrrl in an XP World
  5. This [nonsense] would not fly in the US of A... by bogaboga · · Score: 4, Funny

    ...Access Copyright that allows for surveillance of faculty correspondence, defines e-mailing hyperlinks as equivalent to photocopying a document...

    How can emailing a hyper-link be equivalent to photocopying? When one photocopies, they then get a physical copy of a document. On the other hand, e-mailing a hyper-link provides no such physical object.

    Here's how to circumvent the insanity: Email actual documents and then argue that *no* hyper-links were emailed as required by the stipulation. How about that?

    1. Re:This [nonsense] would not fly in the US of A... by Skapare · · Score: 2

      Just tweet the links, instead.

      --
      now we need to go OSS in diesel cars
    2. Re:This [nonsense] would not fly in the US of A... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not helpful, because under the definitions in the license that's covered too. It's not just links, but links are included. Access Copyright negotiated a very good deal. If we have such lazy and compliant administrators at such strong universities as UT and UWO, everyone else should be worried as well because AC will want to spread this to your campus too (and if you are at UT or UWO you should be particularly worried)

    3. Re:This [nonsense] would not fly in the US of A... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is actually reasonable -

      If I, as a professor, were to put a link to a copyrighted work on my course website - I would then specifically be directing you to go to that website, consume the copyrighted work, or you'll be behind.

      This is still overly broad but it makes some sense if you think about it.

    4. Re:This [nonsense] would not fly in the US of A... by izomiac · · Score: 2

      My guess is that someone doesn't know what the "L" in "URL" stands for. If that's not the case, I've got some directions (to a bridge) I'd like to sell...

    5. Re:This [nonsense] would not fly in the US of A... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah and students who have hours to master say entire games and do headshots every time are not going to work around the issue.

      Seriously? People with time on their hands AND learning the ability to work around things. Yeah that will last about 3 months before people work around it.

    6. Re:This [nonsense] would not fly in the US of A... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      L stands for locator, I hope you weren't implying it meant link.

    7. Re:This [nonsense] would not fly in the US of A... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, as in, tells you the LOCATION of the resource, therefore is not itself the resource -- just what GP implied was obvious to everyone but Access Copyright. Why in hell would you think he implied it meant link?!

  6. Anti-scientific? by El_Muerte_TDS · · Score: 5, Interesting

    This practice sounds like complete the opposite of the principles of scientific research.

    1. Re:Anti-scientific? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's the journal industry's core competency.

    2. Re:Anti-scientific? by hism · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The prevailing trend in Canada seems to be drifting way from scientific research: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16861468

      Each time I read a new article about my country, I become more and more ashamed to be Canadian...

    3. Re:Anti-scientific? by Amadablam · · Score: 3, Insightful

      This practice sounds like complete the opposite of the principles of scientific research.

      Of course. Publishers aren't in this for the science.

    4. Re:Anti-scientific? by Daniel_Staal · · Score: 5, Funny

      See, people keep saying Canada is just another part of the USA, but you guys never believe us...

      --
      'Sensible' is a curse word.
    5. Re:Anti-scientific? by Concerned+Onlooker · · Score: 1

      If you think that's bad, imagine what it feels like to be an American! We were founded on awesome principles and ushered in on the back of slavery and genocide only to see things go on the down slide from there.

      --
      http://www.rootstrikers.org/
    6. Re:Anti-scientific? by ae1294 · · Score: 2

      This practice sounds like complete the opposite of the principles of scientific research.

      Of course. Publishers aren't in this for the science.

      Science is for the weak, extort er marketing non-existent protection is for sharks.

    7. Re:Anti-scientific? by Nemyst · · Score: 1

      That's what we get for having Harper in power. I didn't think people could be so foolish as to think he wouldn't make Bush look like a commie.

    8. Re:Anti-scientific? by nadaou · · Score: 2

      Don't be ashamed to be Canadian, be furious that the current excuse for a government is sitting back while the local bully is freely wandering around destroying your town (and if they are in cahoots with said bully it's time to organize the neighbors to run them all out of town come next election).

      --
      ~.~
      I'm a peripheral visionary.
    9. Re:Anti-scientific? by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      See, people keep saying Canada is just another part of the USA, but you guys never believe us...

      If they fully embraced the awesomeness that is capitalism as we have in the USA, then they wouldn't have to "muzzle" scientists, they could just not pay them. Amateurs.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  7. More Sources by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I don't see anything in the article that mentions anything about email monitoring. Also the source seems biased...any more impartial sources?

    1. Re:More Sources by zill · · Score: 5, Informative

      The agreement reached last month with the licensing agency includes provisions defining e-mailing hyperlinks as equivalent to photocopying a document, an annual $27.50 fee for every full-time equivalent student and surveillance of academic staff email.

    2. Re:More Sources by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      surveillance of academic staff email.

      What about PGP, is that verboten?

    3. Re:More Sources by ae1294 · · Score: 1

      surveillance of academic staff email.

      What about PGP, is that verboten?

      No but strangely Nazi's still show up if you try it.

  8. Privacy law disagrees by munky99999 · · Score: 2

    Except in Canada you have to give them the right to monitor email or internet traffic as you do have reasonable expectation of privacy.

    Simply have to refuse to sign any paperwork which gives them the right to monitor. If they do monitor and try to do anything then they are basically providing evidence that makes your lawsuit very easy.

    1. Re:Privacy law disagrees by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Simply have to refuse to sign any paperwork which gives them the right to monitor.

      It is unrealistic to try to get a degree in any field of study without Internet access.

    2. Re:Privacy law disagrees by Auroch · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Except in Canada you have to give them the right to monitor email or internet traffic as you do have reasonable expectation of privacy.

      Simply have to refuse to sign any paperwork which gives them the right to monitor. If they do monitor and try to do anything then they are basically providing evidence that makes your lawsuit very easy.

      One of the universities I attended had some BS clause about allowing them to give access of my information and documents to third parties as they saw fit. I argued it up to the dean and was eventually told that if I wanted to continue in the program, I needed to sign the clause.

      --
      Quartz Extreme and Core Image. Are there any other real reasons to spend all that money on generic hardware?
    3. Re:Privacy law disagrees by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      You shouldn't have argued, you should have handed the clause over to the police as evidence of ongoing or intended criminal activity.

    4. Re:Privacy law disagrees by Mashiki · · Score: 3, Informative

      If you're in Canada, you should have demanded your money back. They have no right to give your information away, or force you to sign it away like that. It's a violation of the privacy act. Hell, if you are canadian and are in Canada, and this happened I'd consider filing a complaint to the privacy commissioner over it anyway.

      --
      Om, nomnomnom...
    5. Re:Privacy law disagrees by DanielRavenNest · · Score: 1, Interesting

      What I did with BS clauses was write "NoThankYou" backwards with the opposite hand I normally sign with on the signature space, fast enough to look like a typical sloppy signature. I have yet to have anyone question it, but if it came to a legal issue, I can say that is not my signature.

      Alternate idea: tell them that all reproduction rights have already been signed over to your literary agency, and they will have to contact them to get access.

    6. Re:Privacy law disagrees by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      IANAL, but you DID sign the document. You didn't write your name, but it was you who physically signed it. Judges don't look fondly upon jokes like that.

    7. Re:Privacy law disagrees by msobkow · · Score: 1

      Privacy laws in Canada dictate that a service provider or business have you sign a document granting permission to use your data, and explaining how your data is going to be used, and usually verifying that they will not give away nor sell your data to third parties.

      But if you sign a contract that grants "above average" priveleges such as surveillance of professor's accounts, the contract is perfectly legal because you signed it. It is not "illegal" to "abuse" customer data, only to do so without notifying the customer of how you intend to abuse it.

      Contrary to popular opinion, in Canada your business email account is considered property of the business, so the company can grant whatever access it wants to employee emails. Cry, bitch, and scream all you like, that's just the way precedent has worked out in Canada over the years.

      If you want private email, use a private account, even if it's from a free provider like Google/GMail, Microsoft/Hotmail/Live or Yahoo/YMail. Your BUSINESS account is not yours, and your manager is likely to get pissed off if you abuse it by sending PERSONAL email through it anyhow. Your business account is a tool for doing the job, nothing more.

      --
      I do not fail; I succeed at finding out what does not work.
    8. Re:Privacy law disagrees by msobkow · · Score: 1

      If you read the article, they're only talking about surveillance of staff, not student, accounts. i.e. Employee emails.

      --
      I do not fail; I succeed at finding out what does not work.
    9. Re:Privacy law disagrees by TheTurtlesMoves · · Score: 1

      I use gmail now for everything. Sure it is not "secure" in the general sense and google can sell information. But over all i am one person in millions on gmail where i am one person out of 100s in my department. And despite the lack of deep security that SSL provides, I am pretty confidant the university is not eaves dropping on gmail traffic.

      --
      The Grey Goo disaster happened 3 billion years ago. This rock is covered in self replicating machines!
    10. Re:Privacy law disagrees by Mashiki · · Score: 1

      Privacy laws in Canada dictate that a service provider or business have you sign a document granting permission to use your data, and explaining how your data is going to be used, and usually verifying that they will not give away nor sell your data to third parties. ...

      True, but they can not sign away your rights to abuse this data by handing it away to third parties(exactly who these are) and without notifying you, or in a way, shape or form that infringes on the charter or the rule of law. Which is exactly what this does. This is covered under the privacy act and case law.

      --
      Om, nomnomnom...
    11. Re:Privacy law disagrees by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If the document wasn't notorized and they don't have witness signatures, they can't prove that you signed it.

    12. Re:Privacy law disagrees by PC+and+Sony+Fanboy · · Score: 1

      If you read the article, they're only talking about surveillance of staff, not student, accounts. i.e. Employee emails.

      And if you're doing anything more than undergraduate studies, you're generally both staff AND student.

    13. Re:Privacy law disagrees by j-beda · · Score: 1

      If the document wasn't notorized and they don't have witness signatures, they can't prove that you signed it.

      You are arguing about the enforceability of the signature, rather than its validity. If called on it, to pretend it was not signed, the signer would have to commit some form of perjury. Sure, proving it was signed is probably difficult, but that does not mean that is was not signed.

  9. Were all doomed. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The world is batshit crazy. Email a link is wrong now.
    Shutdown thw whole goid damn internet then its a worthless pile of shit.

    My death wish for them all is that the die choking on there own vomit.

  10. backwards by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    If i write an email and someone whom I did not choose to be a recipient reads it by this means, they should have to pay me royalties for the right to view my creative work. Students should receive 27.50 from the university for being the content providers for the sick dreams of our perverted neo-con big brother. Anything short of that and this is basically theft and circumvents all that the concept of copyright stands for.

  11. And in other news by Skapare · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Use of encryption, and international email services on HTTPS, has started to rise in Canada.

    --
    now we need to go OSS in diesel cars
    1. Re:And in other news by Paracelcus · · Score: 3, Informative

      Encryption should be used routinely (just because)!

      --
      I killed da wabbit -Elmer Fudd
    2. Re:And in other news by rs79 · · Score: 1

      Skip the first 15 minutes of chair shuffling: http://vimeo.com/18279777

      --
      Need Mercedes parts ?
  12. Gmail by slasho81 · · Score: 1

    Time to move to an independent email account. Not a good idea to entrust your email in the hands of your employer.

  13. Random Redirection NOW! by bolt_the_dhampir · · Score: 1

    I really want to enroll there, make a little PHP script to redirect to a random link on either a newspaper, or the pirate bay (50% chance of each), and then distribute that link in an email. Wonder what they'd do with that. What about a site where if you aren't logged in, all links to its content redirect to copyrighted material? They aren't *really* going there, you just don't have access to where they actually go...

    1. Re:Random Redirection NOW! by Half-pint+HAL · · Score: 1

      If I put a link to my blog in my sig, does that mean I get paid to send emails...?

      --
      Got them moderator blues I blieve I walk out the do', With these mod-points I been gettin', I 'most never post no mo'
    2. Re:Random Redirection NOW! by Half-pint+HAL · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Actually, that makes me think... If they're monitoring your emails, start appending links to three random charities in each email, and demand that those charities get their cut....

      --
      Got them moderator blues I blieve I walk out the do', With these mod-points I been gettin', I 'most never post no mo'
  14. Well, if it works for CDs... by itsme1234 · · Score: 1

    ... why wouldn't work for email as well?
    You pay the levy/tax or whatever is called for CD-Rs as well even if you just use them to back-up your own pictures (or even if you want to use them as coasters).
    Why not tax email as well, even if you don't use it for copyright infringement, even if you don't use it at all.

  15. So I am going to start a web site by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I am going to start a web site soon, with a lot of content. Will these people start giving me money? How many other web sites are they going to be giving money to? If they aren't going to give people like me money, why oh why should anyone give them money for content that isn't theirs? This sure looks like a shakedown racket (not unlike the Chicago branch of Cosa Nostra). I'm disgusted that these universities capitulated. Surely any university with a Law Faculty wouldn't capitulate like this, and wouldn't put up with it.

  16. So watch the watchers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So who exactly are this company ? who are the employees, who are the directors, where do they live ? what is their education and salary ? children ? phone ? car they drive ? registration ? what do they do an a saturday night ? what makes them tick ?

    1. Re:So watch the watchers by owenferguson · · Score: 1

      Have at it, lazyweb: http://pastebin.com/X4DWunPY

  17. Make a script to generate random links by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Then send 1 MB e-mails filled with nothing but links that may or may not be functional. I wonder what the result will be?

    1. Re:Make a script to generate random links by themusicgod1 · · Score: 2

      "Hacking" like that is probably enough to get you expelled.

      --
      GENERATION 26: The first time you see this, copy it into your sig on any forum and add 1 to the generation.
  18. May violate collective agreements by sdavid · · Score: 4, Informative

    Monitoring faculty email in this way may well violate the U of T's collective agreement with their faculty. I'm at another Canadian university, and I'm pretty sure it would violate ours.

  19. 2012 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    While it may not be the end of the physical world, no one said anything about the free world.

    I mean WHAT THE FUCK IS GOING ON THIS YEAR!!??!? NA Gov's have lost so much fear that they are openly seeking big chunks of all this power.....and for what? Examples: the Moroccan kid they BAITED into being a 'suicide bomber', like Megaupload, the current powers they posses were CLEARLY enough stamp out these particular evils. So wtf? Are they trying to bait the public into revolution? Are they that sure of themselves? I really doubt that, but still....this is madness.

    Yes I know this is about copyright. That doesn't change much.

  20. hyperlinks as equivalent to photocopying? by nurb432 · · Score: 1

    WTF? have they completely lost their minds? I hope this is not the crap they are teaching the kids there.

    --
    ---- Booth was a patriot ----
  21. How about a link to a physical book? by cvtan · · Score: 1

    Suppose I email a link that explains where a certain book is on a shelf in my home? Is that equivalent to copying the book and does it become a copyright violation? If a piece of paper with writing on it falls to the ground and I point to it, is that also not allowed? Whole matter sounds insane to me. Lucky I am in the US where this can't possibly happen.

    --
    Sorry, but gray text on gray background is making my eyes bleed.
    1. Re:How about a link to a physical book? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I hope you were sarcastic when you said that can't happen in the US. I'm pretty sure that those bastards are have been sitting and trying to figure out how to implement this in US for a long time without being called to court for privacy issues. But as soon as they figure out, be sure that it'll be implemented.

      Anyway, ''congratulations'' for canadian mafiaa who managed to implement another tax on canadian students.

    2. Re:How about a link to a physical book? by forkfail · · Score: 1

      Can't happen in the US? Where have you been for the past decade? Let alone the last year?

      --
      Check your premises.
  22. Says who? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What gives this company a right to grant copyright protection for everything?

  23. Worst... analogy... ever! by fox171171 · · Score: 1

    defines e-mailing hyperlinks as equivalent to photocopying a document

    Linking does not equal photocopying.
    That has to be the worst analogy ever.

    Wonderful how they think they can define things themselves (kind of like how they define infringement as "theft"). I can define black as white, but it doesn't make it so.

    Student: Hey, those two books you were looking for? I saw one at the library, and the other at the book store.

    Copyright police: Hey, he's just shared two links. That's two counts of infringement!!

    1. Re:Worst... analogy... ever! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Who cares about the analogy as long as people are bribed and new taxes by corporations are being implemented. When has logic and reason ever been applied to copyright.

  24. Suckers... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...there's one born every minute.

  25. Two Universities by bky1701 · · Score: 2

    ...that no one intelligent will ever apply to again. Good job; now watch your rankings fall like the stones in your university administrators' heads.

    1. Re:Two Universities by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Nobody intelligent ever applied to western anyway...

  26. Insane by benjfowler · · Score: 2

    I heard about the "copyright police" at university, where a bunch of petty small-dicked wankers have nothing better to do, then to get paid by scumbag publishers to hang around photocopiers to make sure nobody's copying too much.

    Clearly, some fat cat assholes at Elsevier and friends are afraid of losing their obscene 45% profit margins.

    But intrusive surveillance to monitor in case somebody might link to somebody copyrighted, is bizarre and utterly extreme. It's a bit like burning down the entire forest, just because there might be a snake somewhere. But then, with corporatist extremists seemingly on the march everywhere, and seemingly completely untouchable these days, little surprises me.

  27. Outrageous by Grieviant · · Score: 2

    I honestly can't believe that U of T and Western would be bullied into to such an outrageous proposition, even if they were being paid money in an attempt by Access Copyright to gain a foothold so that other universities will fall in line. Although this upstanding company can surely be trusted with the contents of all faculty and student e-mail correspondences, including those containing original research ideas and algorithms that aren't intended to be disclosed to anyone else, it just doesn't sound like a good idea.

  28. Fraud. by billcopc · · Score: 1

    Why are students paying for the "privilege" of being monitored ? Do they not have law students over there ? I'd sue the goddamned administration!

    --
    -Billco, Fnarg.com
    1. Re:Fraud. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Maybe this is actually the universities' plans. Piss off the student population over ridiculous "agreements" so some ambitious law student sues the unis and/or the company doing this and kills it. Bam. No more universities have to deal with this crap.

  29. Just what I was going to say. by Half-pint+HAL · · Score: 2

    I was about to say that I don't see the difference between URL-as-reference and international-standard-Harvard-system-referencing. Neither gives the reader access to something they wouldn't otherwise be able to see, and neither reproduces any content. This is a ludicrous state of affairs.

    --
    Got them moderator blues I blieve I walk out the do', With these mod-points I been gettin', I 'most never post no mo'
  30. Gun running costs. by sgt+scrub · · Score: 1

    Considering all of the news coming out of Canada, I'm wondering if it might not be a bad idea to get into the gun running business. This begs the question, "Would they sell them back, when our turn comes, at the same price".

    --
    Having to work for a living is the root of all evil.
    1. Re:Gun running costs. by iggymanz · · Score: 1

      can you fake a hispanic accent, our BATF might sell you some machine guns just to see what you'll do with them....

    2. Re:Gun running costs. by jamstar7 · · Score: 1

      This is the United States. SPEAK SPANISH already, goddamit!!

      --
      Understanding the scope of the problem is the first step on the path to true panic.
  31. those by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    wacky Canucks!

  32. Gonna be lonely, by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 2
    When no one deals with them electronically, I'm guessing that the criminal researchers and students will have to submit all their PDFs and .doc files for approval too, since they also might have links in them. And if you're an academic working with them, you have to have your work inspected for purity.

    Why would anyone at universities that haven't gone batshit crazy deal with these morons? Aren't links kind like what the web is about? Canada is getting it's tubes tied. With roughly the same result

    --
    The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    1. Re:Gonna be lonely, by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Aren't links kind like what the web is about?

      Yes, and that's what scares them.

    2. Re:Gonna be lonely, by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Students and staff should be sure to make it known that any email correspondence will be compromised.

      Maybe a sig-line would be in order:

      "This institution provides copies of all electronic correspondence, including this and all other email communication, to a litigious third party which is a private corporation."

    3. Re:Gonna be lonely, by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      Maybe a sig-line would be in order:

      "This institution provides copies of all electronic correspondence, including this and all other email communication, to a litigious third party which is a private corporation."

      I'd mod you up if I could.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
  33. And in other news... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Law Degrees from UofT and Western suddenly aren't worth the paper they are photocopied on... or should I say... hyperlinked too!

  34. So Where's My Cut? by avgjoe62 · · Score: 3, Funny

    I have a blog that I write and own the copyright on. Will Access Copyright send me my cut if a student happens to send a link to my blog to a friend? And what if they send a link to their own blog? Will that student now be entitled to a partial refund of their 27.50 Canadian?

    Seems like this could be a revenue stream that bloggers may have to wake up to!!

    --

    How come Slashdot never gets Slashdotted?

    1. Re:So Where's My Cut? by Attila+Dimedici · · Score: 2

      Of course they will when that amount gets to a high enough amount to cover the cost of writing a check. Now you have to keep in mind that there is only $0.50 per student being distributed to copyright holders, the rest of the $27.50 per student goes to the administrative costs that Access Copyright incurs to facilitate this process (I may be underestimating their administrative costs).

      --
      The truth is that all men having power ought to be mistrusted. James Madison
    2. Re:So Where's My Cut? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sorry I'm late...but you suggestion is $$$ great. Hand over the referrer.log to your lawyer, and demand fees from these Canadian universities.

      Just my 2 ct.

  35. Lucky were teathered to our own networks and dont by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    use that shit any more.

  36. Obligitory by forkfail · · Score: 2, Informative

    Yeah, Stallman's The Right To Read may be getting linked a lot (for free, still) - but it is so apt.

    --
    Check your premises.
  37. Students & Faculty Attack Agreement by ancarett · · Score: 5, Informative

    Via Ariel Katz, UofT Students and Faculty Demand Suspending the Access Copyright Agreement

    I'm on faculty at a different Canadian university. So far, we've cut no deal with Access Copyright yet and I hope we stay strong. You can bet that I'm asking our union to keep an eye on the situation as it relates to the privacy rights of students and faculty!

    Ironically, I benefit financially from Access Copyright, having registered as an author with them years ago when a colleague pointed out they were collecting money on my behalf, whether or not I made my claim against them. I'd much rather take a few hundred dollars out of their pockets to pass onto a copyfighting cause each year!

    If my university does cave to Access Copyright, I'll cease using my university email. It'll be annoying to switch away from an address I've used for twenty years, but better than seeming to acquiesce to further indignities. I suspect that we'll see more and more academics exploring that option if Toronto and Western are setting a trend.

    --
    ancarett, historian and zombie gamer
    1. Re:Students & Faculty Attack Agreement by dcollins · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I've worked at two universities and both, during my time there, have had IT departments evolve to demand that all communications be done by in-house email (i.e., "we cannot reply to personal email addresses for security reasons"). It seems (a) dumb, (b) not really a security benefit, (c) a violation of academic/speech freedom, and (d) unsustainable if anyone outside wants to communicate with us (i.e., break the whole structure of email itself).

      But it's the first thing I thought of with this "monitor faculty email" bit. Link that with "all correspondence must be by faculty email" and then you've got a real academic dystopia going.

      --
      We know where leadership by an anti-intellectual "strongman" who scapegoats minorities and likes boisterous rallies goes
    2. Re:Students & Faculty Attack Agreement by Danieljury3 · · Score: 1

      Just do what I do and set up your university email to forward everything to a different address so you don't miss anything.

    3. Re:Students & Faculty Attack Agreement by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You registered at Access Copyright for the money, therefore you are part of it, part of the problem, and part of the corruption, Mr. Hypocrite.

    4. Re:Students & Faculty Attack Agreement by ancarett · · Score: 1

      Yup, if they do get into AC and don't want to deal with an off-campus email, that's too bad. There's not that much that I care about that comes via university email but the dean's office will be the losers if they can't reach me to schedule a committee meeting!

      --
      ancarett, historian and zombie gamer
    5. Re:Students & Faculty Attack Agreement by Xylantiel · · Score: 1

      So you would prefer they just respond in good faith to that student who registers YourName55@gmail.com. I agree the better path is to create an authentication protocol for non-internal originating emails (like having phone contact required), but you appear to be missing the point. Or you have misinterpreted that very authentication protocol.

  38. All you can eat downloading by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So if you go to this university, you can pay the $27.50 fee, and you can get all you can eat download of MP3s, Movies, Games, you name it from any source - all legally as it is covered by a separate agreement, Where do I sign? Now just imagine what content producers could do if they made easily accessible licensing terms with generous allowances direct to the public. If some people were willing spend Hundreds of dollars a year for a Megaupload membership to download illegal materials, I don't see why they wouldn't be willing to pay this amount to get legally licensed materials in return.

  39. No by stephanruby · · Score: 2

    That's such a small fee vs what people have had to pay for limited copyright infringements..

    Keep in mind that the flat fee last year was $3.75 (which was paid through the University), plus an additional sum per page for course packs (which are usually paid and collected through the stores where the course packs are purchased).

    And if I'm reading the article and the backgrounder correctly, the flat fee has increased to $27.50, but the additional fee for each page hasn't gone away, and most likely the traditional penalties for copyright infringement haven't gone away either (if nothing else, the number of those so-called copyright "infringements" may begin exploding, where previously there used to be none, now that Access-Copyright is trying to creatively redefine and broaden what an infringement is supposed to be).
     

  40. Re:Universities by Phrogman · · Score: 2

    From what I can see, Universities in Canada are now more about making money and less about education. Not that you can't get a good education in the process but they are very focused on maximizing the amount of money generated.
    At University of Victoria, they added an Engineering Department, it got a brand new building, tons of funding etc, and the reasoning at the time was that it would generate revenue via patents etc.
    Meanwhile the Fine Arts department languished in the same ancient Quonset huts it had been in for 20 years or more, and didn't get a building of its own for another 10 years or so.
    Students these days pay as much for 1 years tuition as I did for 3 years or more back in the late 70s/early 80s. I used to spend about $200 on all my books for a year, now some books cost over $100 easily.
    I think the Businessification (if I can coin a term) of the University system is only going to continue sadly.

    --
    "The first time I got drunk, I got married. The second time I bought a chimpanzee, after that I stayed sober" Arian Seid
  41. OH NOES by GameboyRMH · · Score: 2

    If only there were a way to encrypt attachments, or ideally an entire email!

    --
    "When information is power, privacy is freedom" - Jah-Wren Ryel
  42. That's Ms. Hypocrite to You by ancarett · · Score: 1

    I registered with them and, every year that I get paid, I funnel the money to a copyfighting cause. Check out OpenMedia.ca for one such great option! Plus I write them regular letters as a member, haranguing the board and denouncing their policies.

    Registered or not, they're still collecting money 'on my behalf' that only goes to fill their warchest. AC levies a fee on every bit of media that they can count being loaned, copied and read in schools and on campuses, caring not who's the author until you register with them and force them to cough up a share of the funds.

    They're collecting money based off of my writing, your writing, everyone's writing: Canadians and other citizens! They'll pay out if you register, though and I figure that hurts them at least a little bit which works to our advantage.

    --
    ancarett, historian and zombie gamer
    1. Re:That's Ms. Hypocrite to You by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, it's not working to our advantage because: a) the more member authors they have the more politically appealing they become; b) only a fraction of the earnings is paid to authors. From all the money collected, first the overhead it paid out, which includes the litigation and lobbying expenses and all the war chest. Then come the publishers. Authors come at the very end. So on every dollar that you get many more dollars support causes that you disagree with.

  43. leading to... by Walt+Dismal · · Score: 1

    Well, this ia a good argument for encrypted communications.

  44. Obligitory^2 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    “There has grown up in the minds of certain groups in this country the notion that because a man or corporation has made a profit out of the public for a number of years, the government and the courts are charged with the duty of guaranteeing such profit in the future, even in the face of changing circumstances and contrary to public interest. This strange doctrine is not supported by statute nor common law. Neither individuals nor corporations have any right to come into court and ask that the clock of history be stopped, or turned back.”

    Robert A. Heinlein, from his short story “Life-Line”, first published in 1939

  45. Simply Pass Cost onto Students by DarthVain · · Score: 1

    It just looks like they are avoiding the confrontation altogether. It is likely just easier for them to tack on 27$ to every students tuition than it is to deal with it. If people don't like it they will just say they were forced to do it by Access Copyright. If students feel like protesting, go protest Access Copyright or talk to your local political shill.

  46. Textbook Royalties by JeanCroix · · Score: 1

    When I was in grad school in upstate NY for engineering in the 1990s, I took a class in which the professor found out how much the campus bookstore was charging per copy for the textbook he wrote, and compared it to what he was getting in royalties. It was on the order of $90 retail for the book, and he was getting roughly $5 per copy sold. He promptly loaned his own copy to each student sequentially so that we could xerox it, which ended up costing about $20 each.