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Master Engineer: Apple's "Mastered For iTunes" No Better Than AAC-Encoded Music

New submitter Stowie101 writes "British master engineer Ian Shepherd is ripping Apple's Mastered for iTunes service, saying it is pure marketing hype and isn't different than a standard AAC file in iTunes. Shepherd compared three digital music files, including a Red Hot Chili Peppers song downloaded in the Mastered for iTunes format with a CD version of the same song, and said there were no differences. Apple or someone else needs to step it up here and offer some true 'CD quality downloads.'"

46 of 312 comments (clear)

  1. Hey, the pirates can help by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You want CD quality downloads? Yeah, magic keyword "FLAC".

    Piracy: giving you for free what the market won't since the first bestiality video was filmed.

    1. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      FLAC is not inherently CD quality.

      But it generally is, or the ripper is inherently stupid.

    2. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by cayenne8 · · Score: 4, Interesting
      The day they start selling lossless music at CD or better quality, without DRM, is the day I will start buying music online.

      Otherwise, I'll keep buying CD's and ripping as needed for my lessor listening environments (gym, car...etc).

      Then again...maybe not...the compression wars are killing me. I just got the latest "remastered" edition of the Stones Some Girls album...I have tried twice to listen to it on my home stereo, and it just is painful to the ears. For some reason, however, the 2nd disc that came with it of outtakes/unreleased stuff..sounded pretty good.

      Why they have to ruin a good album....grrr....I wish the cheap ipod earbud had never been invented. Too much crap being mixed for those, instead of quality listening environments....

      Oh well....back to work...and get off my lawn!!

      --
      Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
    3. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by NatasRevol · · Score: 5, Funny

      Then again...maybe not...the compression wars are killing me. I just got the latest "remastered" edition of the Stones Some Girls album...I have tried twice to listen to it on my home stereo, and it just is painful to the ears.

      That's because you're not using Monster® cables.

      --
      There are two types of people in the world: Those who crave closure
    4. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by ackthpt · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Um, all "Mastered for iTunes" does is allow producers to preview how the final file will sound when placed on iTunes, so that they can make changes to the master file. Not sure what the point of the story is, and it definitely has nothing to do with CDs or FLAC.

      If you are selling it as "Mastered" for a purpose and the quality is identical than it is only "Mastered" for hype and profit.

      I've got some LP singles, which were intended for radio play, back in the day, which are of an improvement over the usually horrible 45 RPM mass productions, possibly better than mass produced LP versions as well. But consider Apple's source is unlikely in most cases to be original mastering materials (who in their right mind would turn over digital originals to Apple?) for them to manipulate for their product (iTunes). Odds are, 95% of their market can't tell anyway because they're hardly audiophiles and are listening through headphones with absurdly limited range and reproduction quality.

      --

      A feeling of having made the same mistake before: Deja Foobar
    5. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by Millennium · · Score: 3, Informative

      As others point out, it's as good as the source, but only as good as the source. A FLAC file encoded from the original CD track will indeed be 100% CD quality. If you instead encode it from, say, a 96kbps MP3, then it can only be as good as the MP3 was.

      FLAC is very good. It is, however, not magic.

    6. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by 1u3hr · · Score: 4, Insightful

      but just because something has a FLAC extension does not mean it was created from a lossless source.

      The whole idea is to use an uncompressed source. If you're an asshole, you can use a crappy 96kB MP3 and blow it up into a FLAC file. Same as people upload cam videos as DVD rips. In both case, it gets noticed fairly quickly.

    7. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by smcdow · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If you want to put those FLAC downloads on your iOS device, keep in mind that FLAC to ALAC is easy-peasy using ffmpeg. It even preserves the tags.

      --
      In the course of every project, it will become necessary to shoot the scientists and begin production.
    8. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by vought · · Score: 4, Insightful

      But consider Apple's source is unlikely in most cases to be original mastering materials (who in their right mind would turn over digital originals to Apple?)

      Your values are not the same as those looking to make money by reselling audio content. I can assure you that various music distributors would have no problem at all working in the studio with their own or third-party engineers to produce "Mastered for iTunes" versions of a catalog if that's what they think will lure more buyers. Whether or not "Mastered for iTunes" involves a substantively changed version (for example, engineered toward smaller drivers with more bass cutover, increasingly popular these days).

      Regardless of your opinion about how something should work, this kind of collaboration is an every day occurrence in the industry and never relies on "turning over" anything to Apple.

    9. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by petermgreen · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Inherently FLACs dont have to be CD quality* but in most cases they probbablly are.

      Music is usually realeased by artists in CD quality. The MP3 and AAC files sold on digital distirbution services and distributed on pirate networks are a result of applying lossy compression to the "CD quality" files the artists release..

      I would expect the FLAC files released by any self respecting release group (whether legit or pirate) to be a lossless encoding of what the artist released.

      Of course it is possible to produce a flac file from a downsampled version of the original audio and it is also possible to produce a FLAC from a file that has already been through lossy compression and then decoded but frankly i'd expect such files to be pretty rare even on open sharing services. Those who know about and use FLAC are mostly those who care about audio quality AFAOCT.

      You can also have FLAC files in better than CD quality but only if the artist has released the music in such a form which afaict most don't.

      * That is 44.1 kHz, 16 bit no lossy compression.

      --
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    10. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by X0563511 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Lets be honest. The only thing you end up losing when going to 16-bit is lost below the noise floor anyway. You use 24 (or better) in the mixing process because that's when it matters.

      --
      For large sets, this will be our guide even unto death, for the LORD will work for each type of data it is applied to...
    11. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by greg1104 · · Score: 4, Funny

      If you're an asshole, you can use a crappy 96kB MP3 and blow it up into a FLAC file.

      As an asshole, I'd like to point out you're not giving us enough credit. I would never use greater than a 64kbps rate for my source files when claiming they're CD quality FLAC.

    12. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by rinoid · · Score: 5, Insightful

      CD quality is not at all high audio quality ... if you ask audiophiles.

    13. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by NatasRevol · · Score: 5, Funny

      It's still obvious you're not using Monster® cables, because not only do they transmit perfect sound, they even remove flaws in badly recorded sound.

      --
      There are two types of people in the world: Those who crave closure
    14. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by TheTrueScotsman · · Score: 4, Informative

      Absolute nonsense. As long as you dither correctly (which by by now should be industry standard) there's no 'distortion' created by 'decimating' to 16-bit sound.

      The main problem with modern mastering is too much dynamic compression (not data compression which Owsinski seems to be confused by in the FTA). Given a light touch on Waves L3 (or whatever rinky-dinky limiter the mastering engineer prefers), there is no difference between 16 and 24-bit to even 'golden ears'.

    15. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by LordLimecat · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Has anyone in this thread claimed that FLAC was magic?

    16. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by gnasher719 · · Score: 5, Informative

      Lets be honest. The only thing you end up losing when going to 16-bit is lost below the noise floor anyway. You use 24 (or better) in the mixing process because that's when it matters.

      Not true. The AAC encoder tries to reproduce its input as faithfully as possible. If you feed it with 16 bit data, that is floating-point data plus quantisation noise, then it tries to reproduce floating-point data plus quantisation noise. Reproducing the quantisation noise is not only pointless (because it is just noise), and takes more bits (because random noise cannot be compressed), or, since the number of bits is fixed, leads to lower quality. If you feed the encoder with floating-point data instead, then it doesn't have to try to encode the noise and has more bits available to encode the actual music.

    17. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by Golden_Rider · · Score: 3, Insightful

      As others point out, it's as good as the source, but only as good as the source. A FLAC file encoded from the original CD track will indeed be 100% CD quality. If you instead encode it from, say, a 96kbps MP3, then it can only be as good as the MP3 was.

      FLAC is very good. It is, however, not magic.

      Yes, but it is generally kind of expected to use CD quality (or better) source material when you use FLAC to encode. What would be the point of encoding a 96kps mp3 with FLAC - you'd end up with the same audio quality, but a larger file...

      So while "FLAC" technically does not necessarily mean "CD quality", in general everyday use, it does.

    18. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by ColdWetDog · · Score: 4, Funny

      Has anyone in this thread claimed that FLAC was magic?

      Of course not. Apple didn't develop it, so it's most certainly NOT magic.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    19. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by filthpickle · · Score: 4, Funny

      FLAC is magic.

    20. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The claim in the article is that there is "no difference". This claim can be validated quite easily by simply taking the two sources, with normalized amplitude, inverting the phase of one signal and then summing. What remains of the signal is the difference, or the lack thereof, between the two sources. With digital sources, anything other than a null result is considered "coloration" and we are into subjective territory. The questions then begin with "is the color within the potential threshold of human perception?" And if the answer is "yes", then you cannot rely on a single person's opinion to make a determination about the character of the coloration.

    21. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by kyrio · · Score: 3

      What? You mean like Linn Records' FLAC 24bit 192kHz studio master downloads?

    22. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by cayenne8 · · Score: 3, Insightful
      I guess.

      It is sad when I grew up....all of my peers strove to get as good of stereo as they could.

      I find somewhere along the way...young people stopped even KNOWING about good sound reproduction.

      I have friends over that are younger, and friends kids over...they hear me fire up my stereo and I see their mouths drop open, in that none of them were even aware these days...that you could even have quality sound reproduction.

      I find that when people hear a decent stereo, they do 'care' about it...it is just we've lost a generation or two that even knows it is possible?

      --
      Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
    23. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by elistan · · Score: 4, Informative

      From what I understand, "to master" is a verb in the sound engineering realm meaning to produce a product, after recorging, mixing and other sound engineering tweaks, for a particular purpose.

      One can "master" for iTunes, "master" for CD, "master" for live DJ performance, "master" for 64kbps online streaming, "master" for FM radio, etc. "Master" does not imply a particular level of audio fidelity, although it has been misused and misundersood as such. Apple uses the term correctly in their "Mastered for iTunes" guidelines. They're a set of suggestions on what to do to produce the highest quality iTunes Plus 256 kbps variable-bit-rate AAC files. The GIGO principle applies here. Simply running a loudness war victim 44/16 CD track through Apple's "Mastered for iTunes" tools will simply produce a normal AAC. The magic is in providing to Apple a high-quality 196/24 file, with targeted audience specific tweaks, to begin with. There's no hype from Apple going on - just a lot of misunderstanding from other folks.

    24. Re:Hey, the pirates can help by idontgno · · Score: 3, Informative

      The GIGO principle applies here. Simply running a loudness war victim 44/16 CD track through Apple's "Mastered for iTunes" tools will simply produce a normal AAC. The magic is in providing to Apple a high-quality 196/24 file, with targeted audience specific tweaks, to begin with.

      Actually, the GIGO principle doesn't apply here. Garbage in, Garbage labeled with a shiny faux-significant marketing label "Mastered for iTunes" (and thus ennobled beyond its humble origins) Out.

      Or, to put it more simply, it's less effective than Autotune.

      If "Mastered for iTunes" is intended to be a mark of superior quality, it needs to actually start enforcing superior quality on some objective basis. Otherwise, it's just another worthless and misleading label.

      --
      Welcome to the Panopticon. Used to be a prison, now it's your home.
  2. No difference or no discernible difference? by Kenja · · Score: 3, Insightful

    While I agree that its all bunk, I would be interested in knowing if the two files where bit for bit the same or just sound the same to the listener?

    --

    "Have you ever thought about just turning off the TV, sitting down with your kids, and hitting them?"
    1. Re:No difference or no discernible difference? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      The problem with computing the digital difference between two files is that sound, and especially music, is an inherently analog experience. All the digital douchery in the world won't change the fact that your ears are not made of robot.

    2. Re:No difference or no discernible difference? by phayes · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The sample size is ridiculous: One song was compared between CD/AAC/AAC (Mastered for iTunes), not even one album just one song!

      This may be just another tempest in a teacup because somebody uploaded the wrong file to AAC (M4iT) & people are making wildly erroneous extrapolations from it.

      --
      Democracy is a sheep and two wolves deciding what to have for lunch. Freedom is a well armed sheep contesting the issue
    3. Re:No difference or no discernible difference? by X0563511 · · Score: 4, Informative

      That's exactly how one is supposed to determine if a signal is identical (flip the phase on one and add them).

      This is coming from an amateur producer/mixer and a radio guy... for what it's worth.

      --
      For large sets, this will be our guide even unto death, for the LORD will work for each type of data it is applied to...
    4. Re:No difference or no discernible difference? by icebike · · Score: 3, Interesting

      While I agree that its all bunk, I would be interested in knowing if the two files where bit for bit the same or just sound the same to the listener?

      The summary above is sort of confusing. You have to RTFA

      Quote TFA

      The British mastering engineer Ian Shepherd goes deeper in his analysis of Mastered for iTunes by using a music engineering tool called a null test. Shepherd explains this procedure as a method of reversing the phase of a song’s waveform so that after a song’s waveforms and volumes are matched in software a mixing engineer can play them back to see if the song’s out of phase waveform cancels or nulls out the normal version of the song.

      After his comparison of the three digital music files, Shepherd says there was a sonic difference between the Mastered for iTunes waveform and the CD waveform. He says the Mastered for iTunes and AAC-encoded files didn’t reveal any differences,

      So the the answer is that there is no reason to believe the files were bit-for-bit the same (that would be impossible in any encoding), and they didn't necessarily sound the same either. He had to use digital methods to discover the differences.

      And he was comparing the standard AAC against the CD and the Mastered for Itunes against the CD, and the standard AAC against the MFI encoding.

      And in both cases there were differences between the AAC versions and the CD, but none between the two encoded versions.

      He did not say he could hear the differences without technical means. Usually if the engineer has to go to these lengths to discern any differences it means he couldn't tell them by ear alone.

      And if he can't tell by ear alone, then A) it doesn't matter, or B) he has geezer ears.
      "Mastering Engineer" status is a short lived career. By the time you get there, your ears are no longer qualified for the work. Technical means to the rescue.

      --
      Sig Battery depleted. Reverting to safe mode.
    5. Re:No difference or no discernible difference? by artor3 · · Score: 4, Informative

      Not in a meaningful way. You'd need a bit rate a few orders of magnitude above 2e43 bps (based on the Planck time) to fully represent a real world signal. We call that "analog". Only after compressing that from 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 kpbs down to 1000 kbps do we call it "digital". If you call them both digital, then the term loses all meaning.

      Of course, our brains can't pick up the difference between the two, but that's not because "the universe is digital". It's because by the time you get to the trillionth decimal point, the noise has long since swamped out the signal.

    6. Re:No difference or no discernible difference? by oldlurker · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Total bullshit.

      "Digital douchery" (otherwise known as "analysis") is accurate, where as your ears are imperfect perceptions interpreted by your imperfect brain. If you want to deliver useful information to people, you do it digitally and present the results.

      So take your hipster nonsense and piss off. Any real audiophile would care about what's accurate and useful.

      On of my favourite experiments one of the high-end HiFi magazines did a very long time ago, when CD was new, was to let a group of 'golden ears' audiophiles double blind test CD vs LP. And most of them could reliably distinguish between and prefer LP sound over CD in double blind test (which is good, a lot of people who are hellbent sure they know a difference will fail double blind testing). So far so good. Then they tested with CD-Rs recorded with LP as source.. Now they could no longer tell the difference, and thought the CD-Rs sounded just as good as LP. All that "warm, rich, musical, analogue" sound carried over to the CD-Rs, as they are distortion characteristics of LP playback. It is ok to prefer the sound, but it has nothing to do with CD vs LP or analogue vs digital (and digital is fully capable of reproducing it too if you want).

  3. hurp by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    Summary is incorrect. Article says that there was a significant difference between the Mastered for iTunes and CD version, while there was no difference between Mastered for iTunes and a standard AAC track.

  4. Bad summary by tooyoung · · Score: 5, Informative
    The summary implies that the CD version was identical to the Mastered for iTunes version.

    Shepherd compared three digital music files, including a Red Hot Chili Peppers song downloaded in the Mastered for iTunes format with a CD version of the same song, and said there were no differences.

    Here is the actual relevant part of the article:

    After his comparison of the three digital music files, Shepherd says there was a sonic difference between the Mastered for iTunes waveform and the CD waveform. He says the Mastered for iTunes and AAC-encoded files didn't reveal any differences

  5. Lets just add a badsummary tag to the /. article by VGPowerlord · · Score: 4, Informative

    From the /. summary:

    Shepherd compared three digital music files, including a Red Hot Chili Peppers song downloaded in the Mastered for iTunes format with a CD version of the same song, and said there were no differences.

    That'd be a good thing if there were no differences between the CD version and the audio versions. However, what the article actually says is

    After his comparison of the three digital music files, Shepherd says there was a sonic difference between the Mastered for iTunes waveform and the CD waveform. He says the Mastered for iTunes and AAC-encoded files didn't reveal any differences, adding that this proves to him Apple's Mastered for iTunes isn't any different than a standard AAC file from Apple's iTunes store.

    In other words, the Mastered for iTunes version is basically identical to the standard AAC version, and both are different from the CD version.

    --
    GLaDOS for President 2016! "Well here we are again. It's always such a pleasure." -- GLaDOS, 2011
  6. Reminds me of scams of the past by ackthpt · · Score: 4, Funny

    Those wonderful color screens people could put on their TV's to impreove the picture -- you can't get more out of something than you put into it. If the lossy music process has lost data you can't put it back (but you can always convince the gullible that you can!)

    Now, buy my Slashdot Post Converter, which placed on your screen turns each of my posts into a fantastic media experience! Zowie!

    --

    A feeling of having made the same mistake before: Deja Foobar
    1. Re:Reminds me of scams of the past by Lt.Hawkins · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I'm not an iTunes fan at all, nor an audiophile, but I believe the idea of remastering for itunes is not to put back lost data, but for account for it.

      This is me making it up: "Oh, it looks like AAC will reduce sounds in the 18 KHz range, but that makes the bass too powerful and affects the voice. I can reduce the bass a bit and up the voice frequencies to compensate and now it sounds better than pure AAC applied blindly."

      (This is what I understood from my reading here: http://arstechnica.com/apple/news/2012/02/mastered-for-itunes-how-audio-engineers-tweak-tunes-for-the-ipod-age.ars

      I make no claim as to its accuracy - just that its background information relevant to the article at hand.

      --
      -- My Sig is a P228.
  7. Loudness War Makes It All Irrelevant by Jah-Wren+Ryel · · Score: 4, Insightful

    This "mastered for itunes" stuff is pointless crap as long as we are still fighting the Loudness War.

    The Red Hot Chili Peppers are a particularly bad test case because all of their albums have massive loudness-compression. And the same guy responsible for that travesty has started to do the mastering on recent Metallica albums so their stuff is going to be all suck too.

    --
    When information is power, privacy is freedom.
    1. Re:Loudness War Makes It All Irrelevant by thisnamestoolong · · Score: 4, Funny

      I don't think Metallica needs help from a shitty mastering engineer to suck...

      --
      To the haters: You can't win. If you mod me down, I shall become more powerful than you could possibly imagine
  8. Link to actual article by Mr+44 · · Score: 4, Informative

    The summary link just goes to a (slow loading) blog post, the actual article being discussed is at:
    http://productionadvice.co.uk/mastered-for-itunes-cd-comparison/
    And more specifically, the 11 minute youtube video:
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kGlQs9xM_zI

  9. Maybe it's just the track? by rograndom · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I can't speak for the RHCP tracks, but I downloaded a dozen or so tracks I already have on CD and exist as both FLAC and LAME MP3s on my computer on the day of the announcement to see what the difference is. I could immediately tell a difference with the Master for iTunes tracks, better or worse, I'm not sure yet. They are easy to pick out in A/B testing, the most glaring difference is in the mid-bass area 80-120hz is noticeably boosted in the rock tracks I downloaded.

  10. When lossless isn't really lossless by Overzeetop · · Score: 5, Funny

    I know many friends who have used higher compression on their FLAC files and, with my gear, I can clearly hear the artifacts. I realize most people won't but I've got mostly high end stuff, and I always burn in both my audio and network cables before using them and mark them with directional arrows (only with pvc-free tape and audio-grade markers) so that the don't get installed backwards after they've been burned in.

    I'm amazed at how many people can't seem to grasp the fine points of lossless compression for audio work. I find most non-audiophiles expect that lossless means that what you put in exactly matches what you put out. I can tell you first hand, though, that when you spend as much money on gear as I have, you recognize that perfection comes from not just the bits, but the purity in which the bits are delivered. They may be the same ones and zeros, but a discerning ear can always tell the difference in the various lossless formats when listening to the color and soundstage of the reproduced performance.

    --
    Is it just my observation, or are there way too many stupid people in the world?
  11. Re:CD quality is the best? by dgatwood · · Score: 4, Informative

    CD quality is probably good enough for the final mix. You should always use 24-bit during tracking, of course, and if you plan on doing any vocoder work (Auto-Tune, Melodyne, etc.), you should generally track at a higher sample rate as well.

    Even if you don't plan on doing pitch correction, it would be nice to have a bit higher sampling rate (say 60 kHz) to ensure that the upper limit of human hearing is completely below the point at which the bandpass filter starts rolling off. Software bandpass limiting during sample rate conversion can generally achieve a much tighter filter with less distortion than analog hardware on the input to an ADC.

    --

    Check out my sci-fi/humor trilogy at PatriotsBooks.

  12. What about the hardware? by ZaskarX · · Score: 3

    What good is an optimized (if not lossess) format when played through and iPod with a digital to analog converter that costs 50 cents? My $40 Sansa Clip plays FLAC and has a better quality DAC than a $300 iPod. Why is Apple even bothering?

  13. Duh. by elistan · · Score: 5, Informative
    No surprise. And it's a misunderstanding on the author's part, not a misrepresentation on Apple's part.

    Apple's "Mastered for iTunes" is a set of guidelines about how to turn a master recording into an iTunes-optimized digital file. The author of TFA, however, is talking about taking a CD track and making a compressed version that's as close as possible to the CD track. A CD track is NOT a master file. (We don't want a track that's merely a CD representation - we've heard plenty on /. about how a lot of CD tracks just suck.) "Mastered for iTunes" talks about taking a high-resolution digitial file, like 96/24 or 192/24, and then producing the best possible iTunes Plus file (256 kbps VBR AAC.)

    So of course if you make an iTunes track from a CD track via the "Mastered for iTunes" process, you'll get a 256 kbps VBR AAC that's identical to ripping a CD track to a 256 kbps VBR AAC. However, if you follow Apple's recommendations, quoted here:

    To take best advantage of our latest encoders send us the highest resolution master file possible, appropriate to the medium and the project.
    An ideal master will have 24-bit 96kHz resolution. These files contain more detail from which our encoders can create more accurate encodes. However, any resolution above 16-bit 44.1kHz, including sample rates of 48kHz, 88.2kHz, 96kHz, and 192kHz, will benefit from our encoding process.

    you'll probably get something different, perhaps better, than a CD track ripped to AAC.

    Apple is providing the tools they use to convert to AAC so that sound engineers can preview the product before it goes on sale, but they appear to be the same tools they've been using all along. As I said before, "Mastered for iTunes" isn't a new encoding tool - it's a process workflow. Other recommendations:

    - Apple recommends listening to your masters on the devices your audience will be using
    - Be Aware of Dynamic Range and Clipping
    - Master for Sound Check and Other Volume Controlling Technology
    - Remaster for iTunes [That is, they suggest starting over from the original recordings, rather than send in a file that was mastered with CDs in mind.]

  14. Optimized for iTunes by Pf0tzenpfritz · · Score: 3, Insightful

    "Mastered for iTunes" is indeed optimized for iTunes: it's optimized for separating the gullible from their money.

    --
    Oh, the beautiful gloss of greality!