Slashdot Mirror


Aspirin Helps Prevent Cancer, New Studies Show

kkleiner writes "For years, research has shown that aspirin is beneficial in preventing heart attacks. Now new studies support its ability to prevent cancer as well. The studies, involving tens of thousands of participants over many decades, show reductions of cancer incidence (both short- and long-term) and mortality rate as well as a decrease in metastatic cancer. It still is not known exactly how aspirin and cancer are connected, but those between the ages of 45-50 will now likely consider taking low-dose aspirin daily for the remainder of their lives."

46 of 132 comments (clear)

  1. Goddamn Futurism "Reporting" by eldavojohn · · Score: 5, Informative

    100-Year Old Wonder Drug Now Shown To Prevent Cancer and Heart Attacks

    Hmmm, that's odd, this "news" story reads like one of those ads trying to sell me something. Is this ancient Chinese secret or midwest housewife research?

    For all the money spent on studies of aspirin, perhaps all the evidence anyone needs of its health benefits is the life of Walter Breuning, who lived to be 114 years old and aspirin was the only medication he ever took.

    Oh, you just need a sample size of one? No need for that expensive tens of thousands double blind study, huh? And all he ever took was aspirin? We should refuse vaccines? And what the hell do you mean by "for all that money spent"? I find it odd that all three of the abstracts linked to in the article end with:

    Funding
    None.

    Wait a second ... *checks URL*

    singularityhub.com

    Oh son of a bitch, it's more misinformation and half truths from Ray Kurzweil's disciples. Now I have to guess which is which.

    --
    My work here is dung.
    1. Re:Goddamn Futurism "Reporting" by Jeremiah+Cornelius · · Score: 5, Funny

      "perhaps all the evidence anyone needs of its health benefits..."

      Well, my grandmother relied exclusively on anecdotal evidence, and SHE lived to be 103!

      --
      "Flyin' in just a sweet place,
      Never been known to fail..."
    2. Re:Goddamn Futurism "Reporting" by mcgrew · · Score: 4, Informative

      Hmmm, that's odd, this "news" story reads like one of those ads trying to sell me something. Is this ancient Chinese secret or midwest housewife research?

      Neither, it was on TV news last night. It's a peer-reviewed study with unexpected results. Here are a couple of more reputable sources than the stupid FA that I didn't bother reading:

      Can aspirin really reduce the risk of cancer?
      Studies Link Daily Doses of Aspirin to Reduced Risk of Cancer

      Unfortunately, many folks seem to pick the least reputable rag they can find as a link for their submissions, often their own blogs.

      Aspirin isn't for everyone. Kids under 16 shouldn't take it, especially if they have the flu, and if you have stomach or digestive problems, hemophilia, or a few other conditions aspirin can be dangerous.

      I wonder if Naproxin Sodium prevents cancer? I stopped taking aspirin when the patent on Alieve went away.

    3. Re:Goddamn Futurism "Reporting" by hrvatska · · Score: 5, Informative

      100-Year Old Wonder Drug Now Shown To Prevent Cancer and Heart Attacks

      Hmmm, that's odd, this "news" story reads like one of those ads trying to sell me something. Is this ancient Chinese secret or midwest housewife research?

      Maybe you like it straight from 'The Lancet': Short-term effects of daily aspirin on cancer incidence, mortality, and non-vascular death: analysis of the time course of risks and benefits in 51 randomised controlled trials, Effect of daily aspirin on risk of cancer metastasis: a study of incident cancers during randomised controlled trials, and Long-term effect of aspirin on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: 20-year follow-up of five randomised trials.

      The NY Times also reported on these studies. Some of the findings of these studies found were that after five years the risk of dying of cancer was reduced by 37 percent among those taking daily aspirin, that over six and a half years, on average, daily aspirin use reduced the risk of metastatic cancer by 36 percent and the risk of adenocarcinomas by 46 percent, daily aspirin use reduced the risk of progressing to metastatic disease in patients with colorectal cancer.

      It was found that the risk of bleeding in aspirin users diminished over time, and that the risk of death from brain bleeds was actually lower in the aspirin users than in the comparison group.

    4. Re:Goddamn Futurism "Reporting" by ColdWetDog · · Score: 4, Insightful

      This has been going on for years - low dose aspirin either helps or it doesn't help.

      Here's a couple of take home messages - the canonical study would be to see if low dose aspirin helps you live longer (live 'better' would be a much more useful metric, but pretty much impossible to do). IIRC, the studies that looked at that did not find any benefit from aspirin.

      Second - all of these aspirin / cancer link studies have been pulled from aspirin and heart disease studies - these were secondary effects and the studies neither designed nor powered to ask whether or not aspirin was useful for cancer prevention. When you do this, you are pretty much at the mercy of people who purport to understand statistics much better than the vast majority of folks. Lies, damned lies and .... statistics.

      And finally, when you see reports that a certain drug / treatment / lifestyle does or does not work over a number of various and sundry studies, it means that the value of the treatment / drug / lifestyle isn't all that much. In other words, the effect is just barely over the noise floor.

      Don't worry about it, you're gonna die anyway.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    5. Re:Goddamn Futurism "Reporting" by Mister+Whirly · · Score: 4, Informative

      Naproxen Sodium is not to be taken daily for a long term or it can cause kidney problems. I know someone who found this out the hard way after taking it daily for over a year. Maybe she should have read the warning about consulting a doctor about long term use and the directions to stop taking it after two weeks.

      --
      "But this one goes to 11!"
    6. Re:Goddamn Futurism "Reporting" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      Don't worry about it, you're gonna die anyway.

      The evidence speaks against it. In all the time I lived, I've died exactly zero times. Therefore the experiment "will I die this second" has a huge about of evidence against (typical science experiments are data-starved in comparison!), the number of repetitions being larger than a billion, all with the same result: "No". Therefore I conclude that I'll never die. :-)

    7. Re:Goddamn Futurism "Reporting" by mcgrew · · Score: 2

      Here's a couple of take home messages - the canonical study would be to see if low dose aspirin helps you live longer (live 'better' would be a much more useful metric, but pretty much impossible to do).

      No one with arthritis needs a scientific study to know that aspirin does indeed help the quality of life. All analgesics do, that is if they work on you (Tylenol has no effect on me at all, except perhaps liver damage). Likewise, you don't need a scientific study to know that if you go outside in the rain you'll get wet, and if you stick your hand in a flame it will burn.

      As to statistics, it's just the odds and isn't predictable for any given person. For example, it's proven that cigarettes cause cancer and lead to a short life, but my great uncle started smoking at age 12 and quit at age 82, and lived another 12 years. But just because he lived a very long life despite his smoking doesn't mean smoking's not dangerous. Likewise, just because fewer people who take aspirin daily get cancer than those that don't doesn't mean that if you take aspirin you don't need to worry about cancer.

    8. Re:Goddamn Futurism "Reporting" by ColdWetDog · · Score: 2

      No, my point is that using aspirin to keep you from getting cancer does need a suitably powered high quality study (as opposed to using data generated from another study) because it's not clear if it helps.

      Taking aspirin for arthritis is pretty easy - you take it, you're better or you're not in a couple of days on the outside. You can tell if it's going to trash your GI tract in a couple of weeks. So with n=1, you're study is pretty good. Put a couple of thousand people in the study and you can find some less common side effects (always good to know) and get a better picture of how well the drug works.

      Taking aspirin for cardiovascular or cancer prevention is a whole different story. Your chances of getting colorectal cancer in the US (without a strong family history) is about 1 in 10000 (number from memory, it may well be wrong). Your risk for cardiovascular disease is a bit more complex but pretty well studied. But even if you're a 60 year old hypertensive smoker it's perhaps 1 in 50. So then you need reasonably powered studies to tease out the benefits and risks.

      Current studies seem to indicate that for people at low risk of cardiovascular disease (ie, not diabetic, no previous heart attack or similar) don't benefit from daily low dose aspirin. This runs counter to older studies - but the newer studies are supposedly cleaner and better powered. This is an all to common finding in drug or treatment studies - early studies seem to yield better results that later ones. (cf, hormone replacement in menopausal women, bisphophonate treatment for osteoporosis, HDL cholesterol raising drugs, LDL cholesterol lowering drugs, etc.).

      So other studies will be done and the balance may shift a bit over time - or we may discover a previously unknown variable that needs to be accounted for and the cycle will begin anew.

      But a reasonable approach to something in medicine where studies are all over the map is that it doesn't make a whole lot of difference in a large population. There may be subpopulations where the treatment is really effective, but until you tease that out, you're just guessing.

      In the case of aspirin, assuming that it doesn't give you ulcers and assuming that you don't need urgent trauma surgery, the risks and costs are pretty low. For other drugs, perhaps not so much.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
  2. Contraceptive. by wcrowe · · Score: 5, Funny

    It's also a good contraceptive, according to Rush Limbaugh.

    --
    Proverbs 21:19
    1. Re:Contraceptive. by Jeremiah+Cornelius · · Score: 5, Funny

      I'd like to establish a control set for Rush's experiment. I beleive that it is actually his "personality" which is the mechanism preventing fertilization.

      --
      "Flyin' in just a sweet place,
      Never been known to fail..."
    2. Re:Contraceptive. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      Amusing barb, but completely wrong. Foster Friess was the person who said that.

    3. Re:Contraceptive. by ChrisMaple · · Score: 2

      Nice try, liar. What Rush said was (approximately) that anyone spending $1000 a year on contraceptives was a slut. Sounds like a pretty good estimate to me.

      --
      Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
  3. But destroys your liver by cpu6502 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I'd rather avoid aspirin and other NSAIDs (like tylenol/acetaminophen).

    --
    My AC stalker: " I personally agree with your posts most of the time, but that won't keep me from modding you troll"
    1. Re:But destroys your liver by XxtraLarGe · · Score: 5, Informative

      I'd rather avoid aspirin and other NSAIDs (like tylenol/acetaminophen).

      But then again...

      A 2009 article published by the Journal of Clinical Investigation suggested that aspirin might prevent liver damage.

      Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin#Experimental

      --
      Taking guns away from the 99% gives the 1% 100% of the power.
    2. Re:But destroys your liver by Daniel+Dvorkin · · Score: 5, Informative

      I'd rather avoid aspirin and other NSAIDs (like tylenol/acetaminophen).

      Acetaminophen's not an NSAID, since it has hardly any anti-inflammatory effect at all. Still something that should IMO be avoided -- aspirin's actually a lot healthier and safer for most people -- but it's important to know what class of drugs you're actually dealing with.

      --
      The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
    3. Re:But destroys your liver by fahrbot-bot · · Score: 4, Informative

      Acetaminophen's not an NSAID,

      Furthermore, as far as I know, it's only Acetaminophen (Tylenol) that has been shown to potentially cause liver failure using regular 2 x 325mg doses, and only when taken with alcohol over a period of a few days. The articles I've read about liver failure from NSAIDs have been from using high(er) doses of Ibuprofen or Naproxen - both of which are stronger than Aspirin - continuously over a long period of time, like for arthritis pain control. But, IANAMD.

      --
      It must have been something you assimilated. . . .
    4. Re:But destroys your liver by Hatta · · Score: 4, Informative

      Aspirin is not harmless either. About 10,000 Americans a year suffer gastric bleeding due to aspirin. There is absolutely a tradeoff to be made here. Don't go on aspirin therapy without fully considering the risks.

      --
      Give me Classic Slashdot or give me death!
    5. Re:But destroys your liver by mcgrew · · Score: 3, Informative

      First, tylenol isn't an NSAID. Second, wikipedia says that aspirin only affects the liver of 20% of children who take it in high doses. If aspirin destroyed your liver mine would have been gone in 1971 when I took huge doses daily for arthritis; it was the only effective drug (for me) back then. I'm amazed I never got a stomach ulcer.

      Acetaminophen, otoh, has a bad effect on the liver even in lower doses, and in everyone regardless of age.

      There are far better reasons to avoid aspirin; it isn't for everyone. But liver damage from low doses isn't one of the risks.

    6. Re:But destroys your liver by ChrisMaple · · Score: 3, Informative

      The aspirin dose used in these tests is 1/4 of a standard tablet a day. That's 1/48th ( 2 per cent ) of the dose used for persistent pain relief. Some people are sensitive to even that small dose, but not many. For most people, there's no tradeoff.

      --
      Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
  4. It's not misinformation by pigwiggle · · Score: 5, Informative

    it's actual, real life, scientific research - published in a well read and respected peer reviewed medical journal. But if it's just the messenger that has you all wee weed up, try PBS
    http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/health/jan-june12/aspirin_03-21.html

    --
    46 & 2
    1. Re:It's not misinformation by dbet · · Score: 3, Interesting

      It's real science, but it's bad science reporting.

      First, the difference reported was small. The largest decrease in risk, in women, was 25%. 3.1 vs 3.9 deaths per 1000 people. That's what 3 years of aspirin is purchasing for you (for men the difference was smaller). This is what people fail to look at whenever it comes to incidence of disease. When something is increased by x% more than y, it's really important what y is.

      Second, are there any negative effects of taking aspirin daily? Maybe? This paper doesn't address this, because it doesn't look for it. So telling the public that daily aspirin is a good idea is short-sighted. It's also medical advice that a single research paper can't really provide.

      Third, I searched around and could only find summaries, so I'm questioning their methodology. But so far I can't find the info I'm looking for. What I'm interested in is the subject selection. Who these people were and where they come from is important. If for example the average age of participants was 70, the advice hold less weight for people who are 20. If all the participants were from the UK, maybe there are factors specific to people from the UK that would invalidate this finding if it were preformed in China.

      I guess what I'm saying is, this one paper shouldn't change anyone's behavior or be considered medical advice.

    2. Re:It's not misinformation by Tokolosh · · Score: 4, Informative
      --
      Prove anything by multiplying Huge Number times Tiny Number
    3. Re:It's not misinformation by dgatwood · · Score: 2

      Second, are there any negative effects of taking aspirin daily?

      You mean besides increased risk of hemorrhagic strokes and other internal bleeding?

      --

      Check out my sci-fi/humor trilogy at PatriotsBooks.

    4. Re:It's not misinformation by rs79 · · Score: 2

      I'd take it a lot more seriously if they'd outlined a nice big cascading set of biochemical events that happened because aspirin was introduced, but they don't and don't have a clue how it works or really if it works at all.

      It seems odd to me because nasis block the cox2 reaction which produces prostoglandins which reduce inflammation which causes cancer. So I'd expect any antagonist of this reaction to increase, not decrease cancer morbidity.

      --
      Need Mercedes parts ?
  5. Stop listening to observational studies by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Observational studies are almost always behind these news reports. Please ignore them. They don't prove causation. Here's some detailed analysis from the latest "red meat causes x" articles to get an idea why they're so unreliable:

    http://garytaubes.com/2012/03/science-pseudoscience-nutritional-epidemiology-and-meat/
    http://www.marksdailyapple.com/will-eating-red-meat-kill-you
    http://waroninsulin.com/nutrition/is-red-meat-killing-us

    1. Re:Stop listening to observational studies by jcaldwel · · Score: 2
      I thought the exact same thing. I'm usually pretty skeptical of any "wonder drug" claims, so I tried "following the money" to see if it was funded by Bayer or something similar, and I noticed the abstract said:

      Funding: None

      This surely means that this study probably consisted of data mining, and that's about it. That's enough to establish correlation, but correlation != causation.

  6. Re:Theory of anti-cancer mechanism by Tmann72 · · Score: 2

    That's why they say to take low doses. I recently had a TIA and the doctor told me I should take a dose of baby aspirin daily (81mg). 81mg isn't enough to cause GI bleeding.

  7. I'm for it. by Cazekiel · · Score: 4, Funny

    I was thinking of quitting smoking. Now I'll just take an aspirin with every cig. Problem solved!

    --
    You want to know how to help your kids? LEAVE THEM THE F*&K ALONE. --George Carlin
    1. Re:I'm for it. by 93+Escort+Wagon · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I was thinking of quitting smoking. Now I'll just take an aspirin with every cig. Problem solved!

      If you take the aspirin tablet and use it to plug the filter end of your cigarette, it might actually lower your risk of lung cancer.

      Your risk of choking, on the other hand...

      --
      #DeleteChrome
  8. The Study Itself Is Fine, Singularity Hub Is Not by eldavojohn · · Score: 4, Insightful

    it's actual, real life, scientific research - published in a well read and respected peer reviewed medical journal.

    I've got no problem with the original research being legit. I have a problem with the original research showing that for this historical data it statistically linked aspirin to reducing the risk of cancer. It didn't show that these people who took aspirin were also more likely to take supplemental vitamins nor did it attempt to show exactly how the aspirin worked its "miracle." Was there a control group? You have to understand that the reason I'm "wee weeing" (whatever the hell that means) singularity hub is that they took totally legit level headed scientific research and they jumped all the way up to this:

    100-Year Old Wonder Drug Now Shown To Prevent Cancer and Heart Attacks

    Now let me ask you, where in the research did it "show" in anyway how this prevents cancer? And the article itself was only worse. It's a statistical study on historical data and from your PBS link, they did it right:

    How Aspirin May Help Prevent Certain Kinds of Cancer

    Do you see the difference here? These singularists or futurists or whatever the hell you want to call them take this, which is like 50% and bump it all the way up to 100% and make it a universal truth. Then they extoll this about how they're living until the end of time and people get caught up in this. It's ridiculous and, yes, I'm going to call this out when I see it. I do call that half-truths and I do call that misinformation. We can be more clear about this and the people PBS interview are.

    That part about the 114 year old man? That wasn't misinformation? The lead in that that was all you need? I was out of line to get annoyed by that?

    --
    My work here is dung.
  9. Aspirin's mechanism of action IS known! by Invisible+Now · · Score: 5, Informative

    The mechanism, at least for colon cancer is known. Aspirin is COX 2 inhibitor. Colon and other cancers have COX 2 receptors on their cell walls. See details at: http://modernrecovery.com/news/7-latest/11-aspirin-reduces-colon-cancer.html

    --

    "Knowing everything doesn't help..."

    1. Re:Aspirin's mechanism of action IS known! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      My GI and Cancer doc has me on a low dose of Aspirin (81mg) to try and prevent me from getting Colon Cancer.

      I just started the process this year so I do not know if it is going to help in the long run or not, but we will see.

      I am rated as an extreme high risk for Colon cancer and have been getting colonoscopies since age 30 to watch for and clear out polyps that could become cancerous if not dealt with.

  10. Inflammation by koan · · Score: 4, Informative

    There are doctors that are going as far as to state that most ailments (heart disease, cancer, arthritis, etc) are cause to some degree by chronic inflammation:
    GIFY
    https://encrypted.google.com/search?client=ubuntu&channel=fs&q=inflammation+and+disease&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8

    Aspirin reduces inflammation and so helps in all things inflammation related.

    You should check out diet related inflammation as some (if not most) of us have poor dietary habits OR eat to much.
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation

    --
    "If any question why we died, Tell them because our fathers lied."
    1. Re:Inflammation by sackbut · · Score: 2
      Inflammation is an immunological reaction by the body to a perceived insult. The immune system protects the other cells from bacteria, viruses, etc but can be damaging to normal uninvolved areas. The insult can be physical (ie: radiation), chemical (ie: acid) or even the inflammatory cascade switched on due to a malfunction of the switching mechanism (autoimmune). Although inflammation is not the direct 'cause' of a disease (except perhaps in autoimmune disease) it is often the 'cause' of the tissue injury and body response that is noticed (ie: signs and symptoms).

      The body does have an inflammatory response to most cancers (uncontrolled and uncoordinated cell proliferation).

  11. I'm 33 by DanZ23 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    And I already believe in the benefits of taking an aspirin a day right now. To me there's just too much correlative evidence to conclude otherwise.

  12. Inflammation by ThatsNotPudding · · Score: 2

    Seems like a lot of maladies have a root cause of inflammation.

  13. Aspirin is useful for suicide too by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    I had a friend who wanted to commit suicide by taking 500 aspirin.

    But after the first two he felt better.

  14. Re:The Study Itself Is Fine, Singularity Hub Is No by Ameryll · · Score: 3, Funny

    Obligatory XKCD reference: http://xkcd.com/882/

  15. Re:The Study Itself Is Fine, Singularity Hub Is No by krotkruton · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I agree with you on a lot of points, but this study was more than just another correlation study like those that link high levels of vitamin D in subjects to reduced risks in cancer. This was a meta-analysis, which is meant to eliminate some of that bias by taking many studies (51 if I read correctly) and weighing them based on their merits and processes to look for statistical significance. Sure, it's not a perfectly executed double blind, but it's still an important study and the results shouldn't just be thrown out.

  16. Re:uhhhh....no by compro01 · · Score: 2

    The idea of a daily aspirin regimen is that ASA is a mild anti-coagulant, so you won't have sizable clots forming and finding a section of narrowed/hardened artery to block.

    --
    upon the advice of my lawyer, i have no sig at this time
  17. Re:Maybe Willow Bark instead by mutube · · Score: 5, Informative

    Aspirin is already converted to salicylic acid (I think), so you may be better off (study this) with the natural precursor 'Willow Bark'.

    You've got this exactly backwards (unfortunately this was also about the only time you were 'exact' in your entire post).

    If I wanted to take aspirin daily, I'd take it that way instead, since it may be kinder and gentler on your system.

    So you essentially have no idea. But it being natural feels all warm and fuzzy so you will do that instead of basing your decisions off nasty pointy facts.

    You can die from other things besides cancer and heart disease...like a failed liver or thin blood.

    Or self-medicating with incorrectly dosed quanties of active drugs derived from an poorly regulated source.

  18. But ... by pepty · · Score: 2

    There was no significant difference in all cause mortality. So overall, the people who were assigned aspirin are living as long as the people who weren't.

  19. Re:The Study Itself Is Fine, Singularity Hub Is No by treeves · · Score: 2

    Even "may help" still suggests a causal link, where none has been demonstrated. Such language can confuse a lot of people and can be avoided but it takes some effort that space-saving and lazy journalists and headline writers may not wish to exert.
    See http://www.healthnewsreview.org/2012/03/please-read-our-primer-on-observational-studies/

    --
    ...the future crusty old bastards are already drinking the Kool-Aid.
  20. Re:The Study Itself Is Fine, Singularity Hub Is No by yarbo · · Score: 2

    'It didn't show that these people who took aspirin were also more likely to take supplemental vitamins nor did it attempt to show exactly how the aspirin worked its "miracle."'
    Supplemental vitamins don't increase life expectancy