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Mystery Humans Spiced Up Ancients' Sex Lives

ananyo writes "New genome sequences from two extinct human relatives suggest that these 'archaic' groups bred with humans and with each other more extensively than was previously known. The ancient genomes, one from a Neanderthal and one from a different archaic human group, the Denisovans, were presented at a meeting at the Royal Society in London. They suggest that interbreeding went on between the members of several ancient human-like groups living in Europe and Asia more than 30,000 years ago, including an as-yet unknown human ancestor from Asia. 'What it begins to suggest is that we're looking at a 'Lord of the Rings'-type world — that there were many hominid populations,' says Mark Thomas, an evolutionary geneticist at University College London who was at the meeting but was not involved in the work."

238 comments

  1. Human Relatives by Lodlaiden · · Score: 2

    Are they first or second cousins and are we playing by North or South rules?

    --
    Suborbital [spaceflight] is the special olympics of spaceflight. - Rei
    1. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      In the beginning, we were all fish. Okay? Swimming around in the water. And then one day a couple of fish had a retard baby, and the retard baby was different, so it got to live. So Retard Fish goes on to make more retard babies, and then one day, a retard baby fish crawled out of the ocean with its...mutant fish hands... and it had butt sex with a squirrel or something and made this. Retard frog-sqirrel, and then *that* had a retard baby which was a... monkey-fish-frog... And then this monkey-fish-frog had butt sex with that monkey, and that monkey had a mutant retard baby that screwed another monkey... and that made you!

      So there you go! You're the retarded offspring of five monkeys having butt sex with a fish-squirrel! Congratulations!

    2. Re:Human Relatives by Lodlaiden · · Score: 5, Funny

      Guess I don't need that subscription to ancestry.com anymore. Thanks AC!

      --
      Suborbital [spaceflight] is the special olympics of spaceflight. - Rei
    3. Re:Human Relatives by rtb61 · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Far more likely the now dominant species were playing by pillage, plunder, rape and enslave rules. Which is why to this day, we still have problems with psychopaths and narcissists, our major contribution to the human genome pool and the main reason for the extinction of others human species, countless human societies and likely at the end of it all, our own. A defective human mutation whose greatest contribution to human society is war, rape and genocide (basically taking the humane out of human, -e self destructive ego).

      --
      Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
    4. Re: Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      good southpark reference

    5. Re:Human Relatives by ackthpt · · Score: 1

      Are they first or second cousins and are we playing by North or South rules?

      Safe to say they weren't geeks - they were getting some.

      --

      A feeling of having made the same mistake before: Deja Foobar
    6. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is called "Natural Selection". Unfortunately nature doesn't appear to value politeness - it's all about survival. And it's a sad fact that those willing to rape, pillage, and murder tend to outlive the people they're murdering.

    7. Re:Human Relatives by Opportunist · · Score: 5, Funny

      So you say we all evolved out of a bunch of managers?

      Sorry, but there I draw the line. When Darwin said we evolved outta monkeys, ok. I could dig that. But managers... YOU TAKE THAT BACK RIGHT NOW!

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    8. Re:Human Relatives by davester666 · · Score: 2

      Enough about your parents.

      --
      Sleep your way to a whiter smile...date a dentist!
    9. Re:Human Relatives by whistlingtony · · Score: 4, Insightful

      That may not be true. Cooperation is just as inborn a trait as assholism. I don't mean to paint a rosy picture, but please consider that most of the people still living on the planet under a tribal/primitive lifestyle are pretty calm and get along pretty well.

      Natural selection works for the talkers as well as the fighters. Sometimes in the same individual.

    10. Re:Human Relatives by rtb61 · · Score: 1

      No, if you can tell the difference and you obviously don't socially align with them, well, you are just not evolved from them, you to put in bluntly, are just the latest evolution of victims of them. When it comes to them think inbreeding, think royalty and their flunkies, so from inbred royalty did corporate executives evolve (you know literally all those right royal bastards).

      --
      Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
    11. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      please consider that most of the people still living on the planet under a tribal/primitive lifestyle are pretty calm and get along pretty well.

      Bullshit.
      Seriously, if you think that's even remotely true you've obviously never studied Anthropology to any degree, and especially never paid any attention to those particular groups.

      As for this article, I'm getting really tired of people acting like this is some kind of startling revelation. It's not.
      It IS important evidence which further validates Evolutionary Theory, which predicted this situation all along. In the past we didn't have any evidence for humans co-existing with other species, and that has long been a point the Anti-Evolution crowd has attempted to use to invalidate Evolution.
      So hooray for the data, but please, spare us the "shock and surprise" because the only people who should be surprised are the ones who think Evolution says humans are the result of a monkey fucking a fish.

    12. Re:Human Relatives by hey! · · Score: 5, Insightful

      We also have compassion, cooperation and communication. Those are the "killer features" of human behavior, the things that make us the most adaptable animal species ever. These are such fundamental features of what it means to be human that it's easy to take them for granted.

      You mention enslavement, pillage and plunder, and those make my point. Until you have built a society beyond small nomadic hunter-gatherer bands, slavery makes no sense. Pillage and plunder as well are meaningless until your species has at least developed agriculture, and the social ability to band together to attack people who have converted agricultural surplus into property.

      But in the end it isn't about being nice, it's about being adaptable. Being nice -- the things that make others want to spend time with us and cooperate with us -- just happens to be the best basic pattern for building a species with maximum behavioral adaptability. But it makes sense that we ALSO retain the ability to be not-nice. From time to time it's useful for survival -- just less than the 100% of the time that social Darwinists would have us believe. There are times when turning on your neighbor at least ensures someone from the neighborhood survives.

      It's a tautology: a behaviorally adaptable species manifests many different kinds of behaviors. So it seems plausible that our distant ancestors made both love AND war with the other human species on the planet.

      Remember, though: it was a much less populated planet in the Early Paleolithic. Even in the more populated Late Paleolithic period there were fewer people in the whole world than there are in the Portland OR metropolitan area today. There were maybe 3000 in all of Europe. If in all that underpopulated land you happened to meet another band of humans, which would be better for your genetic legacy? Exchanging genes or exchanging attacks? Screwing or stoning?

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    13. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Rapers, pillagers, and murderers only outcompete others in certain contexts.

      There's a reason psychopaths make up less than less than 5% of the individuals in most populations across the world. Too many psychopaths creates selection pressure for individuals which cooperate to defend themselves from psychopaths.

      Anyhow, psychopathy is way cooler than that. For one thing, psychopaths are perfectly capable of cooperation. For another, psychopaths are only moderately more likely to be violent in modern society (although a substantial number of violent people are psychopaths, psychopathy is only one element that underlies their violence).

      Raping and pillaging is likely related to other innate behaviors, shared by most people. Psychopathy isn't about violence, per se, it's about cheating and taking advantage of others. They're economic opportunists and they're fascinating. Just keep them way from me!

    14. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      A defective human mutation whose greatest contribution to human society is war, rape and genocide (basically taking the humane out of human, -e self destructive ego).

      If it survived best, then it wasn't defective.

    15. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Enough about your parents.

      Consider yourself lucky that guy didn't talk about his grandparents !

    16. Re:Human Relatives by sumdumass · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Actually, the contention was that the separate species was the same species because of the ability to interbreed which at one time the inability was key to denoting a deparate species. The though was same species but different races like we see today.

      I don't care to get into an evolution verses creation argument. Just stating the argument as i heard it. I do agree this is no big news or anything novel as the concept has been around a while but not widely accepted. I guess the news to me is the concept of another unknown race or species being involved

    17. Re:Human Relatives by Derec01 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      There's no evidence from this story that the other groups weren't equally likely to pillage, plunder, and rape. That's a poignant and tragic idea, but it's less an evidence-based explanation than just wrapping together the idea of the 'noble savage' with some misanthropy. I'm sure you're fun at parties :)

      Seriously though, there's other research showing that we do have an instinct towards teamwork, and that we often only become greedy when prompted to think rationally about our own self interest. It could just as well be that we developed that in response to marauding Neanderthals.

    18. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Matt Inman, is that you?

    19. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Butt sex doesn't you pregnant. What are they teaching in school these days?

    20. Re:Human Relatives by jimshatt · · Score: 5, Funny

      Butt sex doesn't you pregnant. What are they teaching in school these days?

      Not enough English?

    21. Re:Human Relatives by Arancaytar · · Score: 1

      Butt sex doesn't you pregnant.

      I accidentally all the babby.

      (Training for the meme density record.)

    22. Re:Human Relatives by rtb61 · · Score: 0

      Whether or not other sub-species of humanity participated in pillage, plunder and rape, is not covered by evidence. However that we, due to the influence of a destructive psychopathic minority were more successful at it is evidenced by their absence and our all too publicly continued practice of it. Reality how ever undesirable is often all to obvious.

      --
      Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
    23. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      But sex DOES get you pregnant...

    24. Re:Human Relatives by famebait · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Nope, survival is just one means among several.
      What evolution is really all about is propagation of DNA.

      Traits can rise to prominence or dwindle into nothingness without affecting survival at all, if they affect reproductive success in some other way.

      A gene doesn't even have to be reproduced via the same individual to support its own propagation:
      In multicellular organisms like ourselves, millions of cells self-sacrifice every day, having offloaded the task of propagating their genes to the other clones in in the same colony (i.e. body). Insect colonies display similar constructs at the level of complex individuals, to the point of the majority of individuals being intrinsically sterile.

      Humans and other social animals display social contracts that are much weaker, but which still strongly affect behaviour, and probably for much the same reasons.
      If humans were truly as asocial as lone-hunter-type animals, you and I would be out feeding or sleeping, not hanging out here on slashdot trying to impress each other with our insights.

      --
      sudo ergo sum
    25. Re:Human Relatives by aaaaaaargh! · · Score: 1

      You, on the other hand, write exactly like someone who has studied anthropology (and nothing else). Amazing.

    26. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Pray tell.

    27. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So Clinton didn't have sex with that woman after all?

    28. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Are you really that stupid? A propensity for violence will only survive if it's adaptive. That's what evolution is all about. If it's there, it must have been useful, and probably still is. Please stop trying to impose your ridiculous value systems on nature.

    29. Re: Human Relatives by loufoque · · Score: 0

      Psychopaths are treated like they have a disease, but in truth they're the next step of evolution.

    30. Re: Human Relatives by loufoque · · Score: 0

      Compassion isn't a feature, it's a bug. For survival, it's better to control than to be controlled.

    31. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Jesus Christ do you know anything about human history?

    32. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We also have empathy which allows us to correctly guess what another individual may or may not do to our own gain.

      If we have so much compassion why do I and my fellow commuters walk past the same homeless people every day without stopping?

      If we are so co-operative why do we have a competitive capitalist economy and an increasing gap between rich and poor?

      If we are so good at communicating, how come there is a ratio of 1 manager to 4 active employees in the usual enterprise?

    33. Re: Human Relatives by Sique · · Score: 1

      Actually, no. The number of psychopaths will not increase above a certain level. If too many people leech and cheat on each other, society will crumble and be less reproductive.

      --
      .sig: Sique *sigh*
    34. Re:Human Relatives by prefec2 · · Score: 2

      I thought we are the descendants of phone disinfectors, advertisement agents, and someone searching for a soap mine.

    35. Re: Human Relatives by hey! · · Score: 1

      In nature there are no "bug". There are just things that *are*. But compassion works for our species, if not always for the individual.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    36. Re:Human Relatives by hey! · · Score: 1

      Single answer to all your questions: because we're adaptable. We don't *like* these things, because they violate our social wiring. But we can live with them.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    37. Re: Human Relatives by deviated_prevert · · Score: 2

      Psychopaths are treated like they have a disease, but in truth they're the next step of evolution.

      You have just expostulated the Hitler hypothesis, however more modern thinking is starting to see things from a gentler and more humanistic point of view. Read Eric Fromm's Abnormal Psychology series and then after you get over the depression factor go on to read his little book The Art Of Loving.

      Socially it all comes down to that one human trait that is not quantifiable or indeed understood, compassion and the intelligence to see beyond and suspend that which drives humans to act in a violent manner. A manipulative individual can quite often, through their desire for dominance, cause groups to act without intelligence and this is the essence of the collective psychotic behavior that is war. The collective population of Germany without a doubt acted in this group induced psychosis where compassion can be suspended as well as the intellect. Even though many will scoff at using a biblical reference about this, the wisdom of these words are still a universal truth and delve deeply into the psychological problems facing the entire human race

      "Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil; neither shalt thou speak in a cause to decline after many to wrest judgment"

      --
      This message was not sent from an iPhone because Peter Sellers really was a deviated prevert without a dime for the call
    38. Re:Human Relatives by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      3000 is a bit low, that woiuld be 100 families/tribes with roughly 30 members.
      But you are right, the population was very low. Some estimate around -10,000 (before christs birth) the population on the whole planet reached 1,000,000. Some other researchers believe it was more in the 4 - 10 millions range.
      OTOH some researchers estimate around -70,000 (BC) the total human population was only 25,000 - 30,000.
      I find that a bit low, but who knows. In our days with so many species at the edge of extinction we can hardly get a good idea how big a natural population of any kind is.
      E.g. according to this http://www.defenders.org/african-lion/basic-facts ca. 21,000 lions live right now in africa.
      OTOH zebras (http://www.defenders.org/zebra/basic-facts) are roughly 750,000. No idea how ancient humans would fit into that picture :D

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    39. Re:Human Relatives by geminidomino · · Score: 2

      An alternative to sibling post:

      Because these traits in us do not generally -- and were likely never meant to -- scale beyond our own family/tribal unit.

    40. Re:Human Relatives by dywolf · · Score: 4, Informative

      sounds like the same tired saw about "only humans wage war", "only humans murder" ....

      snails rape each other to impregnate each other
      several beetle and other insect varieties do the same thing
      chimpanzees wage war on other chimp tribes
      baboons will given the chance kill entire other tribes (genocide)
      orcas and even dolphins kill for fun
      lions kill each other regularly, particularly a new alpha male in a pride with cubs, will kill all the cubs
      lions also have an instinctive hatred for hyenas (and vice versa) and will kill them just to kill them
      cats (of many species) "play" (torture) their food

      "defective human mutation" ??
      Hardly. It's across the entire animal and even plant kingdom, to the extent that it's cant even be considered a mutation. IE, its the norm, not the exception. the exception is the opposite trait.

      --
      The guy who said the election was rigged won the presidency with the second-most votes.
    41. Re:Human Relatives by rahvin112 · · Score: 2

      Hate to break it to you but there are lots of nomadic hunter gather populations that engage in war, rape and absolutely slavery. In fact the European and american slave trade was initially started by the nomadic berbers who basically ran the slave trade in north africa. Slavery always makes sense, there is always tedios or dangerous work that warrants slaves regardless of how primative. If you think nomadic people dont engage in slavery you clearly don't know anything about nomadic people, past or present.

    42. Re: Human Relatives by loufoque · · Score: 1

      A lot of text to say nothing. All you did was say that compassion and intellect are linked, which makes no sense since rational thought requires not being biased by emotions, and that compassion is morally good, an obvious religious belief. There is no universal truth, morals are entirely arbitrary.

    43. Re: Human Relatives by alexander_686 · · Score: 1

      Compassion is one of those things needed if you are going to live in a society of over 50 individuals. Compassion is a form of trust, that any good deed you do today will be reciprocated to you or your offspring in the future. From a selfish standpoint it is a net gain to live in a compassionate society. And if you want to live in a compassion society you have to act compassionately.

    44. Re:Human Relatives by mcneely.mike · · Score: 0

      Maybe the ate you babby! :)

      --
      soylentnews.org Go there to enjoy the people!
    45. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sounds like a nice bedtime story for kids. I'm waiting for the illustrated popup book myself.

    46. Re: Human Relatives by loufoque · · Score: 0

      It's better for you if others are compassionate, but it's not better for you if you are.

    47. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You erroneously assume pillaging and plundering only applies to human victims. Evidence of our exploiting other hard work non-symbiotically go back well into prehistory.

    48. Re:Human Relatives by Lumpy · · Score: 1

      "had butt sex"
      You Keep Using That Phrase, I Do Not Think It Means What You Think It Means

      --
      Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
    49. Re:Human Relatives by Lumpy · · Score: 1

      Leave him alone, he went to public school.

      --
      Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
    50. Re:Human Relatives by Dcnjoe60 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      That may not be true. Cooperation is just as inborn a trait as assholism. I don't mean to paint a rosy picture, but please consider that most of the people still living on the planet under a tribal/primitive lifestyle are pretty calm and get along pretty well.

      Natural selection works for the talkers as well as the fighters. Sometimes in the same individual.

      Darwin actually said as much. He pointed out that humans weren't the strongest or the fastest or any of the "ests" and yet we rose to the top. People credit him for his "survival of the fittest" theory, but he actually rarely used that term and it contradicted his main theme that since humans were not the fittest on so many levels it was our ability to cooperate that allowed us to not only survive but to dominate.

      We still see this today, for instance with hunting. Hunting a deer by yourself may or may not yield success. In a group, where others drive the deer towards the hunters, the success rate is much higher. Today, hunting is a sport, but back then, it was about survival. The whole clan or community benefited by the cooperation. Now hunting is a over simplified example, the reality is that in the wild, even today, the odds of a single human being surviving for extended periods is limited. Not that it can't be done, but it is extremely difficult. With a community, even a small one, there is division of tasks and even though there are more mouths to feed, more can be accomplished to secure food and shelter and ultimately the survival of progeny.

      So while raping and pillaging were no doubt part of early human life, that is not what led to homo sapiens overtaking other competing hominids (as it is likely that they also raped and pillaged, too). It was that homo sapiens were much better at cooperating than their counterparts.

    51. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      To me that's something of a leap. They can't violate our social wiring if they are an intrinsic element of it. People are also inconsistent, and every reason to suspect there are those who do not want to be thought of as liking something, and actually not liking it.

    52. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Like the appendix?

    53. Re: Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So Steven Hawking should have been bumped off a long time ago?

    54. Re:Human Relatives by ebno-10db · · Score: 1

      It does if you're a reptile.

    55. Re:Human Relatives by Savage-Rabbit · · Score: 1

      Hate to break it to you but there are lots of nomadic hunter gather populations that engage in war, rape and absolutely slavery. In fact the European and american slave trade was initially started by the nomadic berbers who basically ran the slave trade in north africa. Slavery always makes sense, there is always tedios or dangerous work that warrants slaves regardless of how primative. If you think nomadic people dont engage in slavery you clearly don't know anything about nomadic people, past or present.

      Aggressiveness tends to be a function of population density rather than technological sophistication. Until the neolithic or thereabouts as populations grew enough to finally strain the available resources there is hardly any evidence at all of tribe-on-tribe warfare. Among the very little amount of evidence of something you could call warfare before c.a. 15.000 years ago was cannibalism and that was probably driven more by extreme famines than any conflict over resources or some (hypothetical) genetically predetermined human lust for looting, raping, killing and conquering. And even then cannibalism may have been a ritual practice rather than the result of famine driven warfare. This relative lack of inter-tribal conflict during pre-neolithic times was, as he pointed out, probably due to the low population density which meant that there when you ran into other human groups you could usually find yourself an unsettled place where you were not likely to step on that other tribe's toes and interaction largely consisted of relatively peaceful activities like trading, cooperating on big game hunts and exchanging tribal members through marriage. Primitive tribal societies that engage in warfare today, in places like Papua and in Africa usually have high population densities and the conflicts are usually over limited resources.

      --
      Only to idiots, are orders laws.
      -- Henning von Tresckow
    56. Re: Human Relatives by khallow · · Score: 1

      Compassion is one of those things needed if you are going to live in a society of over 50 individuals.

      Or if you live in a society of less than 50 too. It's just more cooperative behavior which can work even on scales of the minimum two people.

    57. Re:Human Relatives by ebno-10db · · Score: 1

      please consider that most of the people still living on the planet under a tribal/primitive lifestyle are pretty calm and get along pretty well.

      ... if you think that's even remotely true you've obviously never studied Anthropology to any degree

      You're both more interested in your biases and tales of morality (or lack thereof) than in science. That is, of course, unless I'm unaware of some precise scientific definitions for "pretty calm" and "pretty well".

    58. Re: Human Relatives by ebno-10db · · Score: 1

      Psychopaths are treated like they have a disease, but in truth they're the next step of evolution.

      Not if we non-psychopaths kill them first.

    59. Re:Human Relatives by swillden · · Score: 1

      please consider that most of the people still living on the planet under a tribal/primitive lifestyle are pretty calm and get along pretty well.

      Actually, if you look at the statistics, people living in tribal/primitive lifestyles are far more violent than people living a civilized lifestyle. For a deep dive into the issue I highly recommend Steven Pinker's book "The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined". It's a huge book (800+ pages), but the first quarter of it covers the history of human violence (interpersonal as well as organized) in tremendous detail and is well worth reading all on its own.

      --
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    60. Re: Human Relatives by alexander_686 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Classic problem of game theory, the prisoner’s dilemma. Yes, a few selfish people can get ahead if the majority and compassionate. Of course, if everybody is greedy then the whole system falls apart. Which is why there exist ideas like fairness and retribution. Abusers are identified and are kicked out of society at large.

    61. Re: Human Relatives by Jeremiah+Cornelius · · Score: 1

      You're gonna have to answer to the Coca Cola company.

      --
      "Flyin' in just a sweet place,
      Never been known to fail..."
    62. Re: Human Relatives by alexander_686 · · Score: 1

      I am taking my cue for the animal world, generally mammals, but in particular primates. Generally speaking one sees more “compassion”, favor giving, etc. the more sociable the group is. Only sociable animals form large communities.

      If it is a fairly small group that limits the ability to store up favors and cash them in at a later date. And by favors, I mean, “Help me out today and I will help you unborn child in the future” type of favor. Also, with a smaller group, the lines of kinship are clearer, so individuals are more likely to discriminate for their blood relatives over the group as a whole.

    63. Re:Human Relatives by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

      Actually, the contention was that the separate species was the same species because of the ability to interbreed which at one time the inability was key to denoting a deparate species.

      That was before we found out about ring species, right? Say goodbye to graph components and transitivity...

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    64. Re:Human Relatives by bobbied · · Score: 1

      No the dingo did.... Really.. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dingoes_ate_my_baby

      --
      "File to fit, pound to insert, paint to match" - Aircraft Maintenance 101
    65. Re:Human Relatives by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

      When Darwin said we evolved outta monkeys, ok. I could dig that. But managers... YOU TAKE THAT BACK RIGHT NOW!

      For your own sake, I hope you won't ever read the end of The Restaurant at the End of the Universe. Also, keep your phones clean.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    66. Re:Human Relatives by steelfood · · Score: 1

      Not managers. Worse. Politicians and executives.

      --
      "If a nation expects to be ignorant and free in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be."
    67. Re: Human Relatives by deviated_prevert · · Score: 1

      A lot of text to say nothing. All you did was say that compassion and intellect are linked, which makes no sense since rational thought requires not being biased by emotions, and that compassion is morally good, an obvious religious belief. There is no universal truth, morals are entirely arbitrary.

      Moral decisions are an arbitrary function of the intellect, which is dependent upon a rational knowledge of the possible consequences. The argument you expound would suppose that the human intellect is not sufficient to influence actions. Yes humans can also act based upon instinctual stimuli. HOWEVER the human intellect is capable of overcoming instinctual responses and reasoning otherwise we would not have the capacity to advance socially.

      The human capacity to overcome instinctual behavior with reasoning is a relatively new human trait and as such is evolving. It was human reasoning that came to the conclusion that one should not follow a crowd to do evil and the intellect that gave humans the ability to communicate the thought not belief. Compassionate behavior can be a rational decision as well as an instinctual response.

      There are individuals who are sociopaths and we have to deal with them with laws which are also made through rational decisions. Though historically laws can become perverted by groups or individuals who have sociopathic goals like the Nazis or the American Jim Crow laws and even religious edicts that are considered laws. Our capacity for a just laws that overcome sociopathic behavior is evolving and in human evolutionary terms this is a very recent development.

      What is scary is the fact that many humans are born without the capacity for rational compassion. Their intellect and therefore actions, can be ruled by rationalized dispassionate decisions. The Hitlers and Ted Bundys of this world are not the majority, if they were we would have already gone through global thermal nuclear war and it would be legal to kill and own your spouse, like it is in some cultures.

      Your argument is well stated but if true there is little hope for the future of the human race and we are due to be replaced with a more advanced species or undergo another dark age with few survivors. Read the Harlen Ellison short story "A Boy and his Dog" if you want to undergo a religious experience or better still read "Farnum's Freehold"! Both these stories are written under the supposition that we cannot overcome our sociopathic nature as a species. We are not very far from the tribe or the trees hopefully we will not wind up back in them. Cheers :-)

      --
      This message was not sent from an iPhone because Peter Sellers really was a deviated prevert without a dime for the call
    68. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As a manager, I resent that remar...HEY! Is that a banana?

    69. Re: Human Relatives by loufoque · · Score: 1

      Compassion is not a rational activity, since it's an emotion..
      You're implying laws should try to prevent sociopathic behaviour, but that would be problematic in a society that relies on capitalism and individualism like ours.

    70. Re: Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Mitt? Is that you?

      Oh, sorry, Mr. Manson, I confused you with Mr. Romney.

    71. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      He was talking about frogs*.

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloaca

      * at least I think he was talking about frogs.

    72. Re: Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "There is no universal truth, morals are entirely arbitrary."

      Thank you for giving us such a piercing view at the mind of a psychopath.

    73. Re: Human Relatives by biodata · · Score: 1

      Nu-oh. You fail evolution. When a new controller comes along the old controller is likely to be killed, hence not passing on any more genes, and it is quite possible that their children will be killed too. The controlled are more likely to be taken over and controlled by the new controller, hence continuing to pass on their genes. Being controlled is probably a better strategy but it does depend on the balance between the ratio of numbers of controllers and controlled, and the frequency of takeovers.

      --
      Korma: Good
    74. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A primary reason for this is that atheists are unwilling to let go of the propaganda that human existence was all wine and roses until Evil Religion came along and ruined everything.

      It's a preposterous stance, expressing a willingness to entirely discard science whenever personally momentarily desirable for political or self-congratulations reasons. That's the motivation for why actual history tends to just be swept under the rug when religion is critiqued. Defend science, lift the rug.

    75. Re: Human Relatives by Sique · · Score: 1
      It is better for you too. If you just think about the next move, it might look as if you can come out ahead by not acting compassionately. But thinking like this always forgets about the reaction of others. If you don't act compassionate often enough, you get shunned and thrown out of the group, making you more vulnerable and less likely to survive. Yes, there are Machiavellian societies, where everyone tries to come out ahead, and will do everything to top their opponents, but those societies tend to have ruthless rulers with a very short livespan.

      German tribes used to have a very pragmatic approach to rulership: A ruler stays at the top if he b) organizes enough booty for everyone and b) doesn't get toppled by an opponent promising even more booty. No one was talking about unquestioning loyality (quite different from the Middle Age myths about the time). But because of this, virtually no ruler stayed on top very long, a huge portion of them were assassinated. Actually so many of them, that the French today still say about an assassinated ruler, that he "died from the Gothic illness".

      --
      .sig: Sique *sigh*
    76. Re: Human Relatives by deviated_prevert · · Score: 1

      Compassion is not a rational activity, since it's an emotion.. You're implying laws should try to prevent sociopathic behaviour, but that would be problematic in a society that relies on capitalism and individualism like ours.

      Fair enough, far better to say that the human intellect can make a rational choice to act with compassion. And yes capitalism can and does create many of our sociopathic responses but there is the compassionate enterprise alternative as espoused by Charles Dickens and others. And in keeping with tomorrows 50th anniversary there is also the thought "ask not what your country can do for you" to consider. Perhaps it is time for all of us to consider "ask not what humanity can do for you, ask what you can do for humanity" and all that concept entails which is certainly not a communist concept as sociopathic Lee Harvey Oswald assumed! If you have not read the books that I suggested then do so as they are very entertaining but need desperately to be read with great care to not look past the humour, angst and indeed social parody that they were written with. THEY ARE NOT RIGHT WING DWADDLE MANIFESTOS they are DIRE warnings against it! As Animal Farm was a dire warning against the follies of Communism!

      Back to the topic:

      "New genome sequences from two extinct human relatives suggest that these 'archaic' groups bred with humans and with each other more extensively than was previously known. The ancient genomes, one from a Neanderthal and one from a different archaic human group, the Denisovans, were presented at a meeting at the Royal Society in London. They suggest that interbreeding went on between the members of several ancient human-like groups living in Europe and Asia more than 30,000 years ago, including an as-yet unknown human ancestor from Asia."

      Perhaps the findings of presented to the Royal Society are possibly an indication that this guy is right about our origins as a species perhaps they were aliens in China that interbred with early humans and it was genes from them that gave us the ability to rationally avoid clubbing each other to death over women and food!

      --
      This message was not sent from an iPhone because Peter Sellers really was a deviated prevert without a dime for the call
    77. Re:Human Relatives by jbmartin6 · · Score: 2

      Dawkin's "Selfish Gene" has some really interesting ideas revolving around this point. For example, in a society of all fighters, the one individual who flees has an advantage since fighting is risky (pre modern medicine) and all the fighters end up sick from gangrene and other maladies. In a society of all fleeing, the one fighter has an advantage since he will get all the goodies by chasing the others away. So there is a stable mixture of the two strategies that is the natural equilibrium point, any society with a different mix of strategies either moves towards the equilibrium point or disintegrates.

      --
      This posting is provided 'AS IS' without warranty of any kind, implied or otherwise.
    78. Re:Human Relatives by Captain+Hook · · Score: 1

      (800+ pages)

      How many words per page?

      --
      These comments are my personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the other voices in my head.
    79. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Nomadic peoples engage in slavery when they are adjacent to/have access to non-nomadic peoples to sell the slaves to.

    80. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "That may not be true. Cooperation is just as inborn a trait as assholism."

      Yes, and I'm sure humans cooperated in killing Neanderthals, Neanderthals cooperated in killing humans, etc etc etc. Wolves cooperate in killing prey all the time, as do many other predators.

      Why do you draw a distinction between those who cooperate and assholes? Have you no knowledge of assholes ever cooperating together? Or are you saying that anyone who doesnt want to cooperate is an asshole?

      Whats your fucking point?

    81. Re:Human Relatives by oreiasecaman · · Score: 1

      Lots!

      --
      This is a UDP joke, I don't care if you get it or not...
    82. Re: Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So stating the obvious is now the act of a "psychopath"? Is "psychopath" the new word for heretic?

    83. Re: Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If you just think about the next move, it might look as if you can come out ahead by not acting compassionately. But thinking like this always forgets about the reaction of others. If you don't act compassionate often enough, you get shunned and thrown out of the group, making you more vulnerable and less likely to survive. Yes, there are Machiavellian societies, where everyone tries to come out ahead,

      The compassionate in your example are trying to come out ahead too. They're acting compassionately in order to gain social currency among their peers, and to maintain the society they live in. As you point out, it's often in their own best interests to be compassionate so the prime motivator might be Machiavellian in some situations rather than purely empathy.

    84. Re: Human Relatives by Tenebrousedge · · Score: 1

      Morals have strong effects on survival and survivability for groups and individuals, and thus far H. sapiens is a social animal. At the very least, society is necessary for child bearing and rearing. More to the point, thus far we as societies have no problems killing members of our own who consider themselves above the common morality.

      I mean, sure, as far as your own mind is concerned, morality is no more or less mutable than any other phenomenon. Let's not confuse that as being relevant to the topic of morality as a structural part of human culture.

      Frankly I think the point is beyond debate; you are subject to, and you obey the moral whims of those around you. Your delusions of rationality and free will are irrelevant even within your own life, and have no effect whatsoever on the people around you. You should be glad they're only delusions, too, for if you really believed that strongly in your individualism, this must surely be the purest living hell.

      --
      Those who advocate genocide deserve every protection afforded by law, and none afforded by common human decency.
    85. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      conflict over resources or some (hypothetical) genetically predetermined human lust for looting, raping, killing and conquering.

      Why would humans not participate in raping and killing? That is what all animals do.

      interaction largely consisted of relatively peaceful activities like trading, cooperating on big game hunts and exchanging tribal members through marriage.

      Haha, and they all sat around the campfires singing "kumbaya".

    86. Re:Human Relatives by n1ywb · · Score: 1

      There are some pretty distinct species capable of interbreeding. Tigers and lions come to mind.

      --
      -73, de n1ywb
      www.n1ywb.com
    87. Re:Human Relatives by sumdumass · · Score: 1

      I'm not sure they count ring species as valid. All the examples i know of are either due to geographical separation or mechanical limitations like a large dog and a small dog.

    88. Re:Human Relatives by DutchUncle · · Score: 1

      Far more likely the now dominant species were playing by pillage, plunder, rape and enslave rules.

      Which part of DOMINANT surprises you? :-)

    89. Re: Human Relatives by DutchUncle · · Score: 1

      Compassion *within* your society / tribe / family-group. Strangers: kill 'em on sight. After all, they're not true people, they're . . . *strangers*.

      Well, maybe that's a little bit harsh; after all, if you only breed within the family, you get recessives and die out. Maybe I need to add a definition of "neighbor" in the middle. Point is, there is a place for both, and in particular a place for the family Dirty Harry character as long as he behaves *within* the group.

    90. Re: Human Relatives by DutchUncle · · Score: 1

      Maybe greed is good, if it's greed on behalf of the family / tribe and not just individual selfishness. "I want more food and sex for me" can be sublimated into "We need to protect our turf with the good fruit trees, and we need to capture more good lookin' {gender-name} for the tribe".

    91. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      humans killing humans is a positive evolutionary adaptation when you look at the big picture. while we were getting smarter, our numbers were growing while the numbers of our predators were decreasing. the humans killing humans thing was an evolutionary adaptation to keep our population numbers in check.

      peace is the bastard child of war and suffering.

    92. Re: Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The faith in Evolution also reminds me of the prince and frog story. .

    93. Re:Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think if you are learning evolution from Mr(s) Garrison then you've got bigger problems than English

    94. Re: Human Relatives by deviated_prevert · · Score: 1

      So stating the obvious is now the act of a "psychopath"? Is "psychopath" the new word for heretic?

      No a psychopath can be capable of compassion, however they can also selectively chose where to apply compassionate decisions and this is how they learn to manipulate others. It is the smirk of contempt upon their face when delving out their manipulations that usually gives them away. Hitler was a master at disguising the human tendency to smirk in contempt, he like Charles Manson used the "glaring eyes of truth technique". A technique perfected by some manipulative religious zealots like Gregory Rasputin. Hell Hitler was known to practice the technique in a mirror for hours at a time.

      As any experienced and trained criminal investigator will tell you, sociopaths and psychopaths always use rational dispassion and most consider themselves to be of greater intelligence than others. Investigators are trained to observe and watch for the dispassionate smirk as it is an indication of a lack of real compassion for their victims.

      I was not the anon coward who said they actually saw into the eyes of a psychopath, on the contrary "loufoque" might just be an individual who rationalizes dispassion without taking actions. If he or she is just a seeker and does not jump to conclusions then like many skeptics might just be living in the purgatorial hell of nihilism. Which can be distorted into a rational justification for sociopathic behaviors.

      --
      This message was not sent from an iPhone because Peter Sellers really was a deviated prevert without a dime for the call
    95. Re:Human Relatives by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      No, that's my stimulus package.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    96. Re: Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Or capital punishment becomes more commonplace and society survives.

    97. Re: Human Relatives by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Everyone will defend a family member against a stranger. That is not arbitrary. Your problem is in using the word "morals" in a common sense which is necessarily arbitrary; therefore, "morals are entirely arbitrary" is circular. Everyone will protect their property against theft - that is not arbitrary. Women will nuture their newborns - that is not arbitrary. A morality based on common, innate behaviors is not arbitrary. Showing some leg, playing cards, eating pork, these are obviously arbitrary and maybe what you think of when you think of morals - none of these things are a matter of a rational, innate behavior morality. The long term success of societies that have a few simple rules in common is not arbitrary - these rules have been selected for.

    98. Re: Human Relatives by deviated_prevert · · Score: 1

      You're gonna have to answer to the Coca Cola company.

      Since they changed the formula my long standing debt of one dime is nullified! PS. Here is where you can find what you are looking for. I hope you can now go ahead with the reno.

      --
      This message was not sent from an iPhone because Peter Sellers really was a deviated prevert without a dime for the call
    99. Re: Human Relatives by Jeremiah+Cornelius · · Score: 1

      SIGnificant exchange. Thank you very much!

      --
      "Flyin' in just a sweet place,
      Never been known to fail..."
    100. Re:Human Relatives by lxs · · Score: 1

      He knows a lot about buttsex. Maybe he went to pubic school.

  2. Our Ancestors Porked Some Pigs and We're .... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    the result! Humans are chimp-pig hybrids

    Goddam perverts! Get offa my lawn!

    1. Re:Our Ancestors Porked Some Pigs and We're .... by ebno-10db · · Score: 1

      But from which group did we inherit more of our characteristics?

  3. "human-like" by NettiWelho · · Score: 2

    They suggest that interbreeding went on between the members of several ancient human-like groups living in Europe and Asia more than 30,000 years ago

    So were the offspring of these 'human-like' beings capable of reproduction? If they were, wouldn't they be just "human"?

    1. Re:"human-like" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      Not exactly
      The basic definition of a species is a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring (this does get a bit more complex but we'll go with it for now)

      The way things work is like this.

      Say you have a bird population, the population gets split in to 3 semi-isolated groups, one in Africa, one in Europe one in Asia.

      So over thousands of years Africa and Europe can interbreed, so you can call them the same species, or maybe a sub-species.
      Lets say Africa and Asia can still interbreed, so they too could be called the same species or at least sub-species.

      But the differences between Europe and Asia have become too great to produce viable offspring. So now Europe and Asia aren't the same species anymore they've grown too far apart, however both are close enough related to Africa to breed with them. This is very similar to what they are describing with the human ancestry tree.

      Of course they are using genetic and skeletal differences to describe different branches.

    2. Re: "human-like" by staalmannen · · Score: 1

      obviously since the evidence of their existence was found in our genomes

    3. Re:"human-like" by icebike · · Score: 5, Informative

      Did you read the same article I did?

      This article described interbreeding between several (at least 3) different sub-specie. They were obviously close enough to interbreed and produce viable offspring.

      That's not that uncommon with closely related species. And these were closely related back at that time. Evidence of the survives in the Gene pool today.

      Look, this was only 30,000 years ago. Some fragments of oral history extend back that far (although time gets pretty muddled in oral history).

      This isn't the first scientific study that showed homo sapiens and neanderthal may have interbred. One wonders about whether this knowledge was passed down in legend and incorporated in ancient texts.

      --
      Sig Battery depleted. Reverting to safe mode.
    4. Re:"human-like" by sumdumass · · Score: 1

      I thunk he took the " lord of the rings" comparison as ring species which he explained.

    5. Re:"human-like" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Did you read the same article I did?

      This article described interbreeding between several (at least 3) different sub-specie. They were obviously close enough to interbreed and produce viable offspring.

      One of the groups was local to Asia, the other was local to Europe, and then there was our ancestors spread over most of the planet. How much do you think the group local to Asia interbred with the group local to Europe?

    6. Re:"human-like" by icebike · · Score: 2

      Apparently they interbred quite a bit and continued for thousands of years.
      http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25020958

      People roamed in those times, as settled farming hadn't come around yet.

      --
      Sig Battery depleted. Reverting to safe mode.
    7. Re:"human-like" by myowntrueself · · Score: 1, Interesting

      Lots and lots of things can interbreed and produce viable offspring, from what we call different species. The concept of species is poorly defined and the capability to interbreed and produce viable offspring is poorly understood. Its quite possible that evolution is far less of a directed, acyclic graph than would be good for computational genomics and evolutionary biology.

      General graphs are a lot harder to deal with computationally than trees so theres a tendency to try to simplify a lot of things to tree like structures just to make it easier to deal with. Problem is that the reality may not be as directed as that and may have cycles, which really fucks up the algorithms.

      So we have a world where many biologists are in denial and just stick their fingers in their ears and go "LALALALALAAA I cannot hear you LALALALAAA" when people start wondering about the potential for viable hybrids to occur in nature.

      --
      In the free world the media isn't government run; the government is media run.
    8. Re:"human-like" by Daniel+Dvorkin · · Score: 1

      So we have a world where many biologists are in denial and just stick their fingers in their ears and go "LALALALALAAA I cannot hear you LALALALAAA" when people start wondering about the potential for viable hybrids to occur in nature.

      Um, biologists have been aware of the fuzziness of species boundaries for a very long time. It's non-biologists who remember the archaic "mate and produce fertile offspring" definition of "species" from high school science class who make comments like OP's.

      --
      The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
    9. Re:"human-like" by myowntrueself · · Score: 1

      So we have a world where many biologists are in denial and just stick their fingers in their ears and go "LALALALALAAA I cannot hear you LALALALAAA" when people start wondering about the potential for viable hybrids to occur in nature.

      Um, biologists have been aware of the fuzziness of species boundaries for a very long time. It's non-biologists who remember the archaic "mate and produce fertile offspring" definition of "species" from high school science class who make comments like OP's.

      Never the less they still use the concept of species.

      Christians will even point at the confusion around species and go "HA see? Where do species come from?? Must be GOD!"

      Darwins 'origin of the species' is mis-named, it wasn't about origin of species and contains no useful ideas about how species come to be.

      The whole idea of species is just unhelpful and the referent of the term probably doesn't even exist.

      --
      In the free world the media isn't government run; the government is media run.
    10. Re:"human-like" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What the aid of alien space craft? Or by travling? Your choice.

    11. Re:"human-like" by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      The whole idea of species is just unhelpful and the referent of the term probably doesn't even exist.
      The idea is very helpfull. If it was'n we had abandoned it and found a better taxonomy.

      At some point you have to make a cut ... or how do you want to distinguish a lion from a tiger?

      Biologists use 3 or 4 "definitions" to define species at the same tim, because they lack the idea for a better schema: like morphology, fertility of crossbreeds, do they crossbreed in nature (Tigers and Lions don't, but Horses and Mules do). Crossbreeds of Horse and Mule are nearly always sterile, crossbreeds of Tiger and Lion are sometimes fertile.

      If you find better ways to set up a taxonomy of all living things, go ahead :D I guess most will be greatful.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    12. Re:"human-like" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      All animals should be equal, species is a derogatory term which focusses on physical attributes, ignoring similarities which are the root of cooperation.

      May I humbly suggest a taxonomy based on privilege, it seems quite clear that a tiger is a mane-challenged lion, and conversely a lion could, and should be discussed as a stripe-challenged tiger. Priority should be around ensuring that viable tiger and lion crossbreeds have access to both tiger and lion culture, and that neither is overemphasised.

    13. Re:"human-like" by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1

      do they crossbreed in nature (Tigers and Lions don't, but Horses and Mules do)

      Umm, mules are sterile (mostly). They don't interbreed with anything.

      Perhaps you meant "horses and donkeys"? Which is where mules come from....

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    14. Re:"human-like" by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Erm, yes, sorry, mixed the two english terms up :D
      I meant Donkeys.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    15. Re:"human-like" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The thing is, with social sciences as they are these days, your post comes close to not being obvious enough.

    16. Re:"human-like" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What oral history is 30,000 years old?

    17. Re:"human-like" by Jmc23 · · Score: 1

      Hope you didn't pay for that education.

      --
      Don't complain about syntax, grammar, or spelling. There is no.hell like input on android.
  4. This only makes sense. by Wycliffe · · Score: 2

    Groups probably were naturally isolated for long periods of time by geography and as intelligence increased so did the
    ability to travel more and go into other enviroments. Once we became a "global" population all similiar species were
    eventually assimilated.

    1. Re:This only makes sense. by jovius · · Score: 1

      Traveling doesn't require much intelligence, basically it's just walking unless one happens to end up floating on a piece of wood. It's more about hunger. The basic needs drive innovation. Energy returned of energy invested has to be kept low (no use in running after the pray for days), which leads to more effective methods.

    2. Re:This only makes sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So you are saying that as intelligence made it possible to have extra energy after getting food that made it possible to use the extra energy to travel?

    3. Re:This only makes sense. by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      no use in running after the pray for days
      Erm ... that is exactly how humans hunt.
      They run after the prey until the prey collapses to overheating and exhaustion. (Most animals have no long term way to get rid of excess heat, like sweating humans. Also unlike humans they mostly use "100%" of their muscle mass, while a human muscle only uses ca. 40% of its fibres and the others are relaxing. When fibres get tired the others take over ... nearly no animalà can do that. That means they overtime exhaust their muscles completely)

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    4. Re:This only makes sense. by Wycliffe · · Score: 2

      Traveling doesn't require much intelligence, basically it's just walking unless one happens to end up floating on a piece of wood. It's more about hunger.

      Crossing an ocean, crossing a mountain, and surviving in the cold all require either intelligence or proper physical attributes.
      Chimps, although highly intelligent, still aren't intelligent enough to cross a mountain and survive in the cold even though they
      have the advantage of fur and put 1000 chimps on an island without food and it doesn't matter how hungry they get, they are
      not getting off that island.

    5. Re:This only makes sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      no use in running after the pray for days

      Indeed, while you're praying your prey is getting away.

  5. Hobbits by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

    Lord of the Rings? Didn't we already hear about these?

    1. Re:Hobbits by Macgrrl · · Score: 1

      At 158cm and 90+kg, I'm more Hobbit than Elf.

      --
      Sara
      Designer, Gamer, Macgrrl in an XP World
    2. Re:Hobbits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Holy Cow!
      With those stats even Smaug would be sore!

    3. Re:Hobbits by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

      More Dwarf than either.

      Is that 158cm your height or your circumference?

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    4. Re:Hobbits by Jmc23 · · Score: 1

      I think the word you're looking for is actually fat fuck.

      --
      Don't complain about syntax, grammar, or spelling. There is no.hell like input on android.
  6. Nice to see by hduff · · Score: 4, Funny

    Nice to see that we came by our propensity to fornicate with anything in a natural manner.

    --
    "I believe in Karma. That means I can do bad things to people all day long and I assume they deserve it." : Dogbert
    1. Re:Nice to see by GodfatherofSoul · · Score: 2

      Apparently the ancients developed colleges before the wheel

      --
      I swear to God...I swear to God! That is NOT how you treat your human!
    2. Re:Nice to see by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      Well, I don't know about frat houses, but they sure invented the booze.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
  7. Was this before or after by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    the appearance of the obelisk?

  8. Might explain fantasy literature? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We seem to have evolved in a world with many hominid species.

    We have evolved mechanisms to reason about them. which nowadays are of little use.

    So we read Lord of the RIngs instead, to use these parts of out genetic heritage.

    -- hendrik

  9. I wonder... by TheloniousToady · · Score: 4, Funny

    ...if any sheep genomes were found?

    1. Re:I wonder... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      [ deep scottish accent ]: Don't you try be funny.

    2. Re:I wonder... by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      ...if any sheep genomes were found?

      N.a.a.a.a, not a ch.a.a.a.a.a.nce

    3. Re:I wonder... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If they tested in Wales they would have been shocked to find human dna

    4. Re:I wonder... by OzTech · · Score: 1

      Yes, but ... only in New Zealand

    5. Re:I wonder... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      AND WALES!

      Please if we're to act like little children let's not leave out the usual suspects...

    6. Re:I wonder... by Maelwryth · · Score: 1

      Yes, but ... only in New Zealand ....at the Australian embassy. Along with a pair of velcro gloves, some lipstick, a picture of Kevin Rudd, and a bail of hay. The government released a statement saying they would no longer be spying on the embassy.

      --
      I reserve the write to mangle english.
    7. Re:I wonder... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Thats hardly newsworthy, If Human genomes were discovered amoungst the sheep ones in Kiwiland, THAT would be news

  10. No No No by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    yet unknown human ancestor

    It was Gaius Baltar.

    1. Re: No No No by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I am disappointed with the Slashdot community for coming up with a BSG reference this late in the comments feed. I'd not think Gaius Baltar but a half descendant of the 13th colony of cylons :-D

    2. Re: No No No by ted.hansson · · Score: 1

      Also, was I the only one who saw the headline and got disturbing images of tentacle porn?

  11. What's a "different archaic human group"? by g01d4 · · Score: 2

    Is it similar to different races? In light of the recently (too lazy to look it up) revised unification of what were once thought to be different human ancestor species, could the whole interbreeding thing simply be the first signs of larger scale population migrations?

    1. Re:What's a "different archaic human group"? by Will.Woodhull · · Score: 5, Interesting

      From the "Anthropology in a Nutshell" lectures:

      Something that is often overlooked is that before the adoption of sewage systems, most groups of people had a strong incentive to move around a lot. And since it was not very pleasant to move into an area the neighbors had just vacated, groups tended to move into those areas where no other group had gone before. At least, not for a long time.

      That meant they would cross paths with distant groups fairly frequently. When that happens, there are two things that can occur: either the groups fight, or they party. Fighting is hard work and often painful. Partying can be a lot of fun, and moves the genes around.

      Probably everyone on slashdot knows somebody who has moved to get away from the sh*tty mess they made of the old place. It is an old gene thing that still expresses among the less evolved.

      --
      Will
    2. Re:What's a "different archaic human group"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      It is an old gene thing that still expresses among the less evolved.

      I would consider the genes that are still expressed to be some of the most evolved...

  12. Human-like? by Tough+Love · · Score: 4, Insightful

    In my book, if you can breed with it, it's human. Maybe anthropologists are special.

    --
    When all you have is a hammer, every problem starts to look like a thumb.
    1. Re:Human-like? by dyingtolive · · Score: 5, Funny

      I am offended that you would declare so many Slashdotters to be something other than human.

      --
      Support the EFF and Creative Commons. The war is coming, and they're supporting you...
    2. Re:Human-like? by PPH · · Score: 1

      In my book, if you can breed with it, it's human.

      If you can't, eat it.

      --
      Have gnu, will travel.
    3. Re:Human-like? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Anthropologists ... devolve.

      runs while ducking....

      no, pokes head back around corner, takes a stand:

      Put the relilgious fervour of science in your pocket for 10 seconds and go read Genesis chapter 6, first few verses. Rather lines up with these sceintific discoveries now, doesn't it?

      Done that. Clearly you haven't - seems that's the definition of Christian (only one book but haven't read it). The bullshit in chapter 1 is contradicted by the bullshit in chapter 2. But don't let me stop you from cherry-picking.

    4. Re:Human-like? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not necessarily. Like many people, you ascribe the word "contradiction" to two or more accounts that don't precisely line up.

      Take the parable of the 3 blind men and the elephant to heart.
      http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_men_and_an_elephant

      All three blind men are correct, and also incorrect in their accounts of what the elephant is like. Their accounts appear to conflict, but really do not. Chapter 1 is one account. Chapter 2 is another account. Both are given. It is possible for both to be correct, and the apparent contradiction comes from your own subjective biases, and lack of over-reaching infrmation about the event. (The reader is also a blind man, relying nearly exclusively on the recorded accounts to determine "truth".)

      The primary failure of people when reading the bible is to take it too literally, and to take such incongruities as signs of contradiction.

      I am by no means a biblical apologist. (I am agnostic.) However, I don't like it when people try to apply hard axioms to subjective accounts, and wave around the sharp knife of logical exclusion when reading a religious text.

      Religious texts are not mathematical proofs, nor naked logical statements. You can't employ the contradiction rules on them like you can on the latter. The latter conveys all information and truth about the statement, in the statement itself. the former does not. That is why you cannot apply the rule to invalidate to statement whe dealing with the former.

      Religious texts do not (usually) convey literal truths. They convey subjective one instead.

    5. Re:Human-like? by righteousness · · Score: 1

      Isn't the Bible supposed to be the Word of God? So it's not the same as with the 3 blind men. If it is the Word of God, then the Bible should present only one point of view i.e. from God, and there should not be different accounts in different chapters.

      --
      Don't fornicate. Seriously, just don't do it.
    6. Re:Human-like? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In my book, if you can breed with it, it's human. Maybe anthropologists are special.

      They might be, have you ever tried to breed with one?

    7. Re:Human-like? by Lucky_Norseman · · Score: 2

      If you are questioning the Bible then you already assume that it is the work of men.
      Even if it is not the literal Word of God it can still have value as a source of the knowledge and beliefs of the men who wrote it long ago. And they will naturally have different viewpoints since it is not the work of one singular author, but written by many at different times.

    8. Re:Human-like? by argStyopa · · Score: 2

      There is a difference between "can't" and "won't".

      --
      -Styopa
    9. Re:Human-like? by cyborg_zx · · Score: 1

      I don't think anyone has a problem treating the Bible that was who isn't invested in the idea that they must adhere to certain tennents described in it lest they be smited by a divine being. It's when someone who is invested in that idea starts chiming in that the problems start.

    10. Re:Human-like? by righteousness · · Score: 1

      It's a simple question - is the Bible the Word of God or was it written by men?

      --
      Don't fornicate. Seriously, just don't do it.
    11. Re:Human-like? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      G to get.(Same ac as above)

      This question is not as binary as you assert, and that is the problem.
      This is easily demonstrated by a simple game of chinese whispers. As the N of number of persons through which a message is conducted increases, the greater the distortion of the original message will be.

      Since the only way to assure a perfect transcription is to have an N of 0, the bible can indeed be a work created at the behest of a being with perfect knowledge, written by an imperfect human medium, and thus have an N of 1. The original 10 commandments are the only religious proclaimation with an N of 0, and they were destroyed. If the bible is to believed, the tablets in the arc of the covenant are the N=1 copy.

      As such, every passage in the bible will have an N of at last 1, and will have distortion. This is why incongruities in the bible are not grounds for summary exclusion. Instead, the more accounts one has, the more of the original message can be derived. As an agnostic, I am open to the teoretical possibility that some manner of "divine" intelligence could exist, but propose no knowledge of this entity, or any such entity or entities. As such, I cannot approach a religious text with the foregone conclusion that the entity or entities it describes are unreal. Instead, I have to couch the language of the text in a subjective conjectural context; the bible *could* be divinely inspired, and even edicted to be written by some supernatural agency, but still be physically produced by a falliable human agent, and thus have an N of at least 1. The book cannot therefor be taken as axiomatical truth. Any truth derived from the text must account for the errors accidentally introduced by the medium. Again, this makes many accounts substantially better than just one.

      Taken in its own vaccuum, all accounts recorded in the new testament about the christ have him making some curious statements, which would corroberate the "subjective analysis" methodology as being the intended "correct" one:

      In all gospels of the new testament, the desciples record the christ openly admitting to using confusing and ambiguousanalogies when describing spiritual and or divine features, to force the learner to think about them in non-literal ways. (He outright says it is to decieve the foolish.) He also goes on record to say that he conducts his lessons the same way the father does, because the son is like the father. Taken in the subjective vacuum chamber that the bible requires, this is as close to an outright admission that the bible is meant to be "interpreted", not as literal axiomatic or dogmatic truth, that you are ever going to get.

      Insistence that the question is a binary one is not rational, given the information available. It is a very niave and foolish assertion to make in fact.

    12. Re:Human-like? by Jmc23 · · Score: 1

      Good thing we don't use your book to educate our children.

      --
      Don't complain about syntax, grammar, or spelling. There is no.hell like input on android.
  13. mystery humans still spice up sex lives by Nyder · · Score: 2

    thanks to craigslist, mystery humans still spice up my sex life.

    (just kidding, I'm too fat to get laid)

    --
    Be seeing you...
    1. Re:mystery humans still spice up sex lives by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      uh, that was no hominid. Sorry, no refunds.

    2. Re:mystery humans still spice up sex lives by geminidomino · · Score: 1

      uh, that was no hominid.

      It was a space station.

    3. Re:mystery humans still spice up sex lives by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      Explains the sticky floors.

  14. Now *this* is a story... by FuzzNugget · · Score: 1

    ...that warrants the what-is-this-doing-on-Slashdot response. As if any of us are qualified to comment on the topic...

    1. Re:Now *this* is a story... by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      the what-is-this-doing-on-Slashdot response

      It gives geeks hope of companionship.

    2. Re:Now *this* is a story... by SteveFoerster · · Score: 1

      That's okay. "Insightful" usually just means "I agree" anyway.

      --
      Space game using normal deck of cards: http://BattleCards.org
  15. Captain Jack Harkness! by Chas · · Score: 1

    So basically, ancient humans and hominids would shag anything that moved eh?

    Why does that sound familiar?

    --


    Chas - The one, the only.
    THANK GOD!!!
  16. We keep dancing around it by erroneus · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Please do not misunderstand. I have done much soul searching on the subject and I'm quite settled into the fact that I'm not racist. I recognize we have all manner of mixing among humanity that that a "pure human" is extremely rare. So let's dispose of that nonsense.

    What I'm getting at is that the only "pure human" seems to be the black African human. Everyone else is kind of based on that but also mixed with something else, or as suggested, mixed with several possible somethings else. So while I agree we're all "human" can we yet admit that we're not all fully the same species? I know it's forbidden, often career ending to bring up such notions, but without recognition of reality as it is presented to us, we can make no serious scientific progress in our understanding of things.

    I admit and recognize that if we admit to differences among us, we then get into uglier topics such as "who is better" and things like that. True. But don't we already dance around that reality as well? We readily support positive reputations among groups. "Better at sports" or "better at math" and so on right? And where money is applied, those details never escape reality which can otherwise never be openly admitted. Betting of all types whether it is sports gambling, insurance and commodities markets all take certain factors into account that, in other areas of life would result in a political sh!tstorm.

    Forced inconsistencies of understanding, of teaching, of speaking and of thinking make this mildly autistic boy uncomfortable because his take on reality doesn't fit with politics. It helps me to understand what it must feel like to be in an unpopular group in certain political historic times and places. I can't yet play a "minority card" to defend myself and must instead feel shame for my 'affliction' which doesn't help. But wouldn't it be nice if we could grow up about certain things? Then perhaps we can ALL make some serious progress.

    For a simple example of the kind of progress I mean, let's look at food. If we're not all exactly the same species, the surely we must all recognize that not all foods are good for all of us. We have some acknowledgement that some people handle alcohol better than others, some tend to have more obesity than others or that one type of food or another tend to result in a higher incident of problems here or there or even certain types of 'intolerance' here and there. And once we accept we're not quite homogenized, we can make serious progress on human health.

    Damnit, we're all human. But we have differences. Failure to recognize them fully leads to more harm than good, I feel, in all sorts of ways for every one of us. And if it turns out there is a more perfect human-blend out there, I'm prepared to accept that as a reality even if I'm not a member of that group. I don't expect to be. I know I'm not the strongest anyone, not the smartest anyone, not quite the best at anything. But without a greater understanding of what factors into potential as a human, how can any of us best make use of what we have if we constantly deny that we're different? We're literally holding everyone back in this "common core" view of humanity that just doesn't really work or help anyone.

    1. Re:We keep dancing around it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      The problem is that human laziness easily turns generality into stereotype, and from there into bigotry and prejudice, and injustice. Yes, people very obviously have different chemistry inside them and different environmental contributors that make us each different from every other person there is, was or will be. However, focusing on those differences outside of relevant, limited specialties like cancer testing, is proven to lead to things like CIA double-tap drone strikes and other such murder/genocide.

    2. Re:We keep dancing around it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      What I'm getting at is that the only "pure human" seems to be the black African human. Everyone else is

      There are larger genetic differences between different groups of the same "race", than between individuals of "different race".

      Is that clearer for you? No? Black vs. white could be more similar than two similarly looking east asian people, or two similarly looking white people.

      And ffs, there is NO SUCH THING AS "PURE HUMAN". Never was. Never will be. Just as there is no "pure monkey" or "pure snail". The entire theory of evolution completely contradicts such ridicules notions.

    3. Re:We keep dancing around it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >There are larger genetic differences between different groups of the same "race", than between individuals of "different race".

      How was this supposed common-knowledge measured? What differences? Could you give examples to illustrate this point? I've heard it expressed at least a dozen times on the internet and I'm not sure what relevance it has.

      >Black vs. white could be more similar than two similarly looking east asian people, or two similarly looking white people.

      >could

      This suggests it isn't always true, so why say it at all?
       

    4. Re:We keep dancing around it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Wait a moment, did sub-Sahara Africans interbreed with something? No? Then they _are_ pure humans. And the others (me including) are different species, or sub-species at least. Unless we change the definition of pure human to some complex mix with archaic "animals". :) BTW, it depends how we look at it, probably they were in fact more advanced.

      Second, about the distance, research I've seen last year showed that if we feed clustering software with different genetic material then it first separates blacks and whites, then asians. I don't know where did you get that Asians are more diverse group then the rest of the population. More over Africans themselves are more diverse group as whites ancestors were only a small group which left somewhere 100-70k years ago. But it was genetically (near)isolated for much longer. Remember at that time there was no UN, no continent wide trading, no railroads. Everyone was sitting within their tribe land.

    5. Re:We keep dancing around it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There is one more thing here. Admitting the difference we can compensate some through training, humans are very flexible, comparing with other animals. The other way is interbreeding again. ;)

    6. Re:We keep dancing around it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Black vs. white could be more similar than two similarly looking east asian people, or two similarly looking white people."

      This is simply false.
      You have been - possibly deliberatly - misled, and this 2003 paper explains how (your statement is true for individual locus, but becomes false when taking in to account more than 1 at the time);
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Genetic_Diversity:_Lewontin's_Fallacy
      "Edwards argued that while Lewontin's statements on variability are correct when examining the frequency of different alleles (variants of a particular gene) at an individual locus (the location of a particular gene) between individuals, it is nonetheless possible to classify individuals into different racial groups with an accuracy that approaches 100 percent when one takes into account the frequency of the alleles at several loci at the same time."

      In reality the situation is quite the opposite, for example a white parent to a mulatto/half black child generally has a lesser genetic distance to other whites than to their own child.
      See for example this graph of genetic distances;
      http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-coXTdbSnct4/Tv7zmjJOcJI/AAAAAAAAAyU/wzvPhnxgRv4/s1600/race2.jpg
      This is also visually obvious.

      The genetic distance between populations is a very real problem when for example trying to find compatible donors to race-mixed recipients.
      http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1993074,00.html
      "Bone Marrow Transplants: When Race Is an Issue"

      And no, this does not mean that slavery should be reinstated or anything else regaring human worth - only that you and many others have been misled.

    7. Re:We keep dancing around it by Derec01 · · Score: 1

      I'm only going to address one point; namely, your underlying thought seems to be that recognizing racial differences will allow us to "help" people more, or treat people more appropriately.

      That is not what would happen.

      The reality is that the customized "solutions" for different races would have as many errors as our initial assumptions, yet be equally capable of propagating injustice in the name of "science". At the very best, and it will never be the best because knowledge is imperfect, we could predict the statistical likelihood of certain things for certain groups of people. But those likelihoods are essentially meaningless applied to one individual because an individual is not a statistical sampling.

      We treat everyone according to common principles not because it works best for everyone, but to remind ourselves that everyone diverges from the mean and we must always consider how THAT PERSON is different, rather than assuming what they need based on an equally flawed idea of what "species" of human they are.

    8. Re:We keep dancing around it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sub-saharans interbred with archaic populations, possibly Homo Erectus.
      Genetic studies;
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaic_human_admixture_with_modern_Homo_sapiens#Unknown_Sub-Saharan_African_hominin

      Homo erectus;
      http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Homo_erectus_new.JPG/192px-Homo_erectus_new.JPG

    9. Re:We keep dancing around it by washort · · Score: 1

      There are larger genetic differences between different groups of the same "race", than between individuals of "different race".

      This is called "Lewontin's fallacy" and has been debunked far and wide.

    10. Re:We keep dancing around it by Derec01 · · Score: 1

      You're not getting the point. There is no intellectually defensible definition for "pure" humans. None. Every lineage we are a part of are clouds of clouds of data points in a multi-dimensional space of genetic traits. Maybe you find a cluster somewhere. Fine. Look deeper and that cluster is composed of many mini clusters of tribes that interwove, separated for a while, and interwove again. Were those separate species? Why not? At any point time you choose, there will be divergence going forward AND backward.

      Any line you draw around a given grouping is an arbitrary definition based on some time or distance scale you decide is appropriate. The reason you might choose that scale to divide things could have some explanatory power for a specific trait, but that's it. No more, no less.

    11. Re:We keep dancing around it by wonkey_monkey · · Score: 1

      I have done much soul searching on the subject and I'm quite settled into the fact that I'm not racist.

      If you had to think about it that hard, had to "settle into" it, and still feel you have to mention it...

      What I'm getting at is that the only "pure human" seems to be the black African human.

      Which black African humans are you referring to, exactly? Modern black Africans are just as distantly related to Mitochondrial Eve as the rest of us.

      Everyone else is kind of based on that but also mixed with something else, or as suggested, mixed with several possible somethings else.

      Where did these something elses come from?

      --
      systemd is Roko's Basilisk.
    12. Re:We keep dancing around it by Sabriel · · Score: 3, Interesting

      A very insightful post, except for one line (so I found it quite odd that you started from/with it):

      What I'm getting at is that the only "pure human" seems to be the black African human.

      Nope. Not even them. The trap, which from reading the rest of your post you do recognise, is that the adjective "pure" is subjective, arbitrary and inapplicable - but we try to apply it anyway, arising from a desire to have life's infinite complexities fit into a set of simple, easily-understood boxes, preferably ones with dials and locks.

      What I'm getting at is that humanity is a variable, not a constant.

      More precisely, but not actually precisely, from an interactive ongoing perspective over time it's an evolving, um, multi-nodal continuum that... ah, cue Doctor Who excerpt: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vY_Ry8J_jdw

      Or to paraphrase the Tao Te Ching: "The human that can be spoken of is not the constant human".

    13. Re:We keep dancing around it by Sabriel · · Score: 1

      (indeed, even my use of the phrase "not even them" is wrong, because "even" implies they are closer to pure, when there is no "closer" because there is no "pure")

    14. Re:We keep dancing around it by Daniel+Dvorkin · · Score: 1

      This is called "Lewontin's fallacy" and has been debunked far and wide.

      Calling something a fallacy does not make it fallacious, nor does claiming it has been debunked constitute a debunking. I recommend you follow the links from the Hsu article and learn some more about what is still a very active debate.

      --
      The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
    15. Re:We keep dancing around it by Savage-Rabbit · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Wait a moment, did sub-Sahara Africans interbreed with something? No? Then they _are_ pure humans. And the others (me including) are different species, or sub-species at least. Unless we change the definition of pure human to some complex mix with archaic "animals". :) BTW, it depends how we look at it, probably they were in fact more advanced.

      Second, about the distance, research I've seen last year showed that if we feed clustering software with different genetic material then it first separates blacks and whites, then asians. I don't know where did you get that Asians are more diverse group then the rest of the population. More over Africans themselves are more diverse group as whites ancestors were only a small group which left somewhere 100-70k years ago. But it was genetically (near)isolated for much longer. Remember at that time there was no UN, no continent wide trading, no railroads. Everyone was sitting within their tribe land.

      The definition of species and subspecies has been fluid, and to some extent still seems to be a subject of debate. Google defines them like this:

      species [ sp sheez ]
      taxonomic group: a subdivision of a genus considered as a basic biological classification and containing individuals that resemble one another and may interbreed
      organisms in species: the organisms belonging to a species
      humankind: human beings or the human race
      Synonyms: group, class, type, kind, genus, sort, variety, order

      subspecies [ súb spsheez ]
      plant or animal category: a category used to classify plants and animals whose populations are distinct, e.g. in distribution, appearance, or feeding habits, but can still interbreed
      Synonyms: category, strain, genus, sort, class

      Subspecies can interbreed and produce viable offspring. That means that modern human 'races' vaguely qualify as subspecies at best. Furthermore, according to this definition can be argued that Neanderthals were a human subspecies if we define 'human' as species Homo Sapiens. Neanderthals differed mildly in appearance, feeding habits and for a time, distribution but could still indisputably interbreed with modern humans and produce viable offspring (since some modern humans carry Neanderthal DNA). Now H. Neanderthalensis arrived in Europe 400.000 years before modern humans emerged in Africa about 200.000 years ago. Does that make Neanderthals more _pure_ humans than modern humans? Did Europeans and Asians become _purer_ humans than Africans by interbreeding with H. Neanderthalensis? IMHO the answer is no, it's more the case that the whole concept of some group of people being _pure_ humans is a steaming pile of BS.

      Caveats: It is still debated whether H. Neanderthalis was a subspecies of Homo Sapiens or a species of the genus Homo, i.e whether it we should call it H. Sapiens Neanderthalis or H. Neanderthalis. Secondly recent discoveries have completely blown apart our previous picture of the entire genus Homo.

      --
      Only to idiots, are orders laws.
      -- Henning von Tresckow
    16. Re:We keep dancing around it by erroneus · · Score: 1

      And yet there is genetic code we all share and code that exists everywhere but with the more originals. I didn't quite mean to draw lines except to say that "these are homosapiens, and these are homosapiens+something(s) else." I wouldn't say they are just as distant. And it's true to say that some black African people are varied as well. But how much variation should be considered or counted? I find it much more convenient to identify what they don't have as a means ot identifying. And that was more or less what I was getting at.

    17. Re:We keep dancing around it by u38cg · · Score: 1

      Yes, there are differences. But the way to think of it is this (using some made up numbers to illustrate the point). White people run at around 8.5 m/s. Black people run at around 8.7 m/s. But 95% of white people can run between 6.5 and 9.5m/s, and 95% of black people can run at between 6.6 and 9.7m/s. So if you've got a person running at 8m/s, you can't say anything about his race, and if you've got his race, you can't really say anything about how fast he runs. Yes, you can predict that Olympic sprinters will probably be black, but what have we learnt of use that we can apply to a particular individual? Not much.

      --
      [FUCK BETA]
    18. Re:We keep dancing around it by erroneus · · Score: 1

      "Science is unfair"? Is that what you're trying to say? I agree. But so too is the idea that it is fair to take away from one to give to another. If you agree with that, they you probably also agree that more white people are needed in the NBA and that we should lower the goal so that everyone can dunk equally. Additonally, we need more black physicians and lawyers and architects. We should lower the requirements for those professions so that we can better accomodate equality. (fun fact, we already do that to some degree today... lower test scores can work for some people but not others.) I don't expect you to agree with the latter, so I have to wonder if you truly believe what you're saying in the former.

      Equality is a tricky problem because reality does not respect our idealism. Physics doesn't Women in combat? Sure, men and women can fly drones equally, but can they carry the same gear? The same distance in the same amount of time? Not usually and not with their sexual health intact. Excuse me for going to sexual equality for the moment because it's far easier to draw obvious examples of truth.

      You seem to be implying that I seek to group people into four convenient groups. I don't. I abhor the notion. I hate it so much that I think the government needs to cease any and all race based questions and special considerations immediately. Let fairness and nature go where it leads. But we should be allowed to know and to discuss things. Looking at my once +5 Interesting now down to +1 Interesting, it would seem that we are not yet allowed to discuss and objectify.

      You can suggest that we diverge from a mean and it wouldn't be inaccurate to say so, but then there are trends which can be losely tied to genetic factors among many others which place people from the beginning above or below the mean.

      There are many factors, but to simply ignore one or two of them because they are politically incorrect [excuse me: "clashes with idealism"] to talk about them is to wilfully deny applicable data.

    19. Re:We keep dancing around it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There are larger genetic differences between different groups of the same "race", than between individuals of "different race".

      This is plain wrong. As much as it's all nice and cozy to believe, it's false.

      From Wikipedia : From In the 2007 paper "Genetic Similarities Within and Between Human Populations",[21] Witherspoon et al. attempt to answer the question, "How often is a pair of individuals from one population genetically more dissimilar than two individuals chosen from two different populations?". The answer depends on the number of polymorphisms used to define that dissimilarity, and the populations being compared. When they analysed three geographically distinct populations (European, African and East Asian) and measured genetic similarity over many thousands of loci, the answer to their question was "never".

    20. Re:We keep dancing around it by erroneus · · Score: 1

      I agree and I agree. But there is no compensation without first having some identification and acceptance of some reality.

    21. Re:We keep dancing around it by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      And ffs, there is NO SUCH THING AS "PURE HUMAN". Never was. Never will be. Just as there is no "pure monkey" or "pure snail". The entire theory of evolution completely contradicts such ridicules notions.
      No, it does not.
      ALL HUMANS are PURE.
      ALL SNAKES are PURE.
      ALL MONKEYS are PURE.

      Especially there is no snake + monkey interbreed or snake + human interbreed and as far as we know also no human + monkey interbreed.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    22. Re:We keep dancing around it by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Perhaps you should read the article you link and try to understand it :D

      Your parent was right.

      Hint: shimps and humans are 94% to 98.5% identically. Depending on what source (or research) you point.

      So that 1.5% to 4% _difference_ is what makes us human. All humans can only vary in that range. ((Well, now it is up to you to figure my "fallacy" :D ))

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    23. Re:We keep dancing around it by erroneus · · Score: 1

      An obvious observation. But the opposite approach is actually needed. We are all individuals. We have much inherited though there is some individual potentials as well, though perhaps not as much as we like to think. Why does Johnny A get diabetes when eating exactly the same as Johnny B? Why does Johnny C have no trouble in test scores while Johnny D has problems even though they are in the same class with the same teacher and they live in the same neighborhood? It oversimplifies but I'm talking about individual merit and how it can be traced back to its contributing factors. THAT is where people are having trouble.

      It's perfectly okay for some people to collect statistics and informaiton and even to draw conclusions based on them but not others. Ever ask yourself why that is?

    24. Re:We keep dancing around it by u38cg · · Score: 1

      Yes, but you're attempting to put cart before horse. There is a difference between explaining responses and predicting responses. Black kids often have lower test scores. But we're still nowhere near understanding the socioeconomics well enough to say that there is *any* genetic component. And even if there is a marginal difference, my original post applies.

      --
      [FUCK BETA]
    25. Re:We keep dancing around it by ebno-10db · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Europeans and Neanderthals, Africans and homo erectus ... demonstrates a principle that has been true since time immemorial, and all over the world. The modern situational implication is this: after 2AM there is no such thing as an ugly woman in a bar.

    26. Re:We keep dancing around it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're probably right that niggers are the only really "pure" humans from the genetic point of view, but they are archaic compared to their descendents, which have evolved over time to adapt not only to their surrounding environment, but to the unique challenges that have arisen during the advancement of civilization.

      Niggers, on the other hand, haven't adapted much at all, because their environment for the most part hasn't changed, and their civilization remains stunted. It seems that niggers don't like to be challenged, and simply see challenge as an inconvenience that someone else must overcome for them, rather than as an opportunity to advance their own culture and civilization.

      This is probably why the majority of niggers are on welfare, and why there is an entire continent of niggers in societal decline, except where they have been able to overpower their productive descendents by force and take the spoils of labor for themselves. But, usually they're just too busy in inter-tribal dispute, war, and power struggle to bother with trying to feed themselves. Stupid niggers.

    27. Re:We keep dancing around it by ebno-10db · · Score: 1

      Even assuming that Wikipedia and the paper it references by Witherspoon, et al, are the last word, what's the significance of it? "Measured genetic similarity over many thousands of loci" is a crude statistical approach that makes no attempt to take into account the significance of the polymorphisms. In other words it measures genotypic rather than phenotypic differences. Then, even to the crude and very poorly understood extent that genotypic variation corresponds to phenotypic variation, what is the significance of those phenotypic variations? Black people generally have darker skin than white people? People of Northern European ancestry are more likely to have blonde hair or blue eyes than those of East Asian ancestry? Well, duh.

      Moreover, they were only looking for genotypic variation within and between groups that were long pre-defined, and defined without consideration of anything other than appearance. In other words, what are usually called races. How many races are there? Africans and Australian aborigines both have dark skin, yet, IIRC (sorry can't find the link now) the genotypic differences between Africans and Australians is greater than that between Africans and Europeans. There is also more genotypic variation amongst Africans than there is amongst white people (basically Europeans + West/Central Asians).

      If your primary interest was in genotypic variation within and between groups, rather than support or debunking for some social notions, then you'd start by finding those groups that have the greatest genotypic similarity, rather than some arbitrarily pre-defined groups. For example, you might find that the genotypic similarity amongst East African and Middle Eastern people is greater than the similarity between East African and West African people.

    28. Re:We keep dancing around it by erroneus · · Score: 1

      It's the fact that such attempts are verboten which is a problem. If research is done and it turns out it's completely false, the issue can be put to rest. But past research into the question had yielded some results but the results have since been pushed away and the careers of those who did the work trashed. Even older research (from nearly 100 years ago) is certainly not being considered as valid.

      Would you agree that the effective prohibition of such research is a problem?

      So instead of real research, we have stats. We have school stats. We have social stats. We have crime stats. The stats lead to obvious conclusions about a great many things which most people will find unpleasant to accept. But without real studies on real individuals, there will always be the conjecture about what causes it.

    29. Re:We keep dancing around it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Which is quite astounding considering population movements. That someone couldn't find 2 people with greater similarity in Europe and Africa than they could dissimilar in either of them seems to indicate a loack of searching

    30. Re:We keep dancing around it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Because some statistics are deeply flawed and misleading?
      And alledged information can be wrong (eg phrenology)

    31. Re:We keep dancing around it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Interbreeding only requires two people of differing sex and a bit of curiosity. No need to agree to anyone's ideas

    32. Re:We keep dancing around it by yurtinus · · Score: 1

      ...except for the infidels

      --
      +1 Disagree
    33. Re:We keep dancing around it by u38cg · · Score: 1

      There is no such prohibition. The truth is no research is being done because there is no need for it and no indication that it would uncover anything useful. In areas where race does have an effect - such as medicine - research is done and is not controversial.

      --
      [FUCK BETA]
    34. Re:We keep dancing around it by Sabriel · · Score: 1

      And yet there is genetic code we all share and code that exists everywhere but with the more originals.

      Meaningless. We have code they didn't while we don't have code they did and vice versa, and meanwhile at any given time some strains of us have code that other strains of us don't have and vice versa. And it's entirely possible that any given piece of code can come and go repeatedly over enough generations. _There are no goalposts_. Goals are a mental construct, and evolution has no mentality. This is important, and a whole bunch of people have entirely the wrong idea. They think evolution is like some kind of ladder you climb, when it's more like a spider throwing out web in random directions with the hope it will stick to something.

      But how much variation should be considered or counted? I find it much more convenient to identify what they don't have as a means ot identifying. And that was more or less what I was getting at.

      You said it yourself: "we're all human." Whether a person is homo sapiens sapiens [strain X] or homo sapiens sapiens [strain Y] or homo sapiens other or homo other or even other is a scientific problem, (and should) not (be) a cultural or political one.

      And you know what? We're working on it. We're getting better at separating science and politics, and at understanding what should be which. Hopefully we'll keep getting better.

      The following is from your reply to another poster:

      But we should be allowed to know and to discuss things. Looking at my once +5 Interesting now down to +1 Interesting, it would seem that we are not yet allowed to discuss and objectify.

      "We" are allowed to know and to discuss things. In many countries, anyway, to varying degrees. What "we" aren't is ready to discuss them as a people in a completely rational way. To quote Agent K from Men in Black, "A person is smart. People are dumb, panicky, dangerous animals and you know it." - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkCwFkOZoOY

      Notice that while each poster on slashdot is a person, all the posters on slashdot are people. As far as I know, anyway. :)

      (another issue: we're trying to have an objective, rational discussion in English, a language that resulted, as one wit put it, from Norman knights and Saxon barmaids trying to communicate enough to get each other into bed, and, as another wit put it, has been mugging the other languages and rifling through their pockets for loose vocabulary ever since)

  17. Where are more jokes to be found? by bickerdyke · · Score: 1

    Hmm, I wonder what kind of memes this might spawn.

    "Hot prehistoric Asiain Girls"

    or some highly inapropriate LotR-fanfic..

    --
    bickerdyke
  18. Extinct? by PhilHibbs · · Score: 2

    If they have living descendants, then surely they didn't go extinct.

    1. Re:Extinct? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If their offspring can't breed with them, they are extinct.

      Consider mules: they are barren. Now assume that a male mule cannot breed with a horse mare, but can breed with a donkey mare (of course, this assumption does not hold true). Then horses can go extinct in spite of having offspring.

    2. Re:Extinct? by Vitriol+Angst · · Score: 2

      If they have living descendants, then surely they didn't go extinct.

      I'm seeing a new meme on Slashdot; "Did we really have to say this?"

      Yes, we really did.

      I'm seeing it more often as "sad but true" is trending downward as a meme, and I don't know if that's a sad thing, but it is ironic.

      --
      >>"ad space available -- low rates!!!"
    3. Re:Extinct? by Vitriol+Angst · · Score: 1

      Right, but considering they HAVE offspring, and yet you have a hypothetical.

      Did you see what you did there?

      --
      >>"ad space available -- low rates!!!"
    4. Re:Extinct? by Plumpaquatsch · · Score: 1

      If they have living descendants, then surely they didn't go extinct.

      Birds are living descendants of dinosaurs. Are you telling me the stupid thing about Jurassic Park was that dinos aren't extinct?

      --
      Of course news about a fake are Fake News.
    5. Re:Extinct? by PhilHibbs · · Score: 1

      Birds are descended from a few small species that are classed as "dinosaurs", possibly descended from just one species that has left little if any direct remains. That species no longer exists as such, but I would contend that it isn't really extinct. They aren't descended from T-Rex, which along with 99.99%* of dinosaur species is extinct.

      I suspect that I need more 9's in that, but no-one really knows.

  19. Names and types, classification is arbitrary by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 2

    Don't get me wrong, especially don't consider me a racist :D

    I think the names for e.g. Neanderthals and Denisovans and the distinction between them is pretty arbitrary.

    Lets look from an hobbyist or layman point of view on the phisiognomy and body on an australian aboriginee, a south american indian a chinese an african Ashanti or Bushman.

    Now as we know they live all pretty isolated in a certain region of the world. E.g south america and australia.

    Now lets assume one of them was completely extingued 10.000 years ago. And in that area only west european whites would live now.

    If we would look at the bones of such extingued "species" we easy would assume they are a different species.

    Sure, *I know* that classifying stuff by bones and teeth and age / aera they lived would in this case show many "similarities" while in the actual classification the "distinction" is in the foreground.

    However I allready saw "living Neanderthals" ... people with a strange skull and thick ridges over the eyes, flat nose and with a strong build.

    --
    Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    1. Re:Names and types, classification is arbitrary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Neanderthals were way more different from the average modern human than any other human alive today. Their skulls were a different shape and size. Their voices would have been very different. Their behavior was different as well, Neanderthals were not just bulked-up humans. They were their own, completely different thing.

    2. Re:Names and types, classification is arbitrary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If they have lived to the present, what defines human would have included them.

  20. It also explains in evolutionary terms by lxs · · Score: 3, Funny

    Man's insatiable appetite for midget porn. Or is that just me?
     

  21. Little people, huh by Type44Q · · Score: 1

    The ancient genomes

    At first, I read that as "the ancient gnomes..."

  22. Of course they did. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Of course there was interbreeding between members of different archaic human groups. There are even examples of members of the modern human group trying to interbreed with members of non-human groups (e.g. other mammals, poultry). Any reason to think it was different back then?

  23. First Men were from Mars and Women from Venus by skovnymfe · · Score: 1

    And now it turns out that pretty people are of Elven descent, and ugly people are of Trollish descent? Who knew!

  24. What about "out of africa?" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    How does this fit in with "we're all Africans?"

    Or did the "we're all Africans" diverge after leaving Africa and become these distinct species of hominids?

    Just not sure of the timeline.

    1. Re:What about "out of africa?" by Valdrax · · Score: 1

      Or did the "we're all Africans" diverge after leaving Africa and become these distinct species of hominids?

      Yes, and then another wave of modern humans went out and met with / slept with / killed the descendants of the previous wave. Most of our evolutionary history seems to have happened in the Great Rift Valley area of Africa, but a few key branches that were folded back in happened elsewhere.

      --
      If it's for-profit but free, you're not the customer -- you're the product (e.g., the Slashdot Beta's "audience").
  25. that's why europeans are smarter and stronger by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    we have more neanderthal DNA, deal with it darkies.

  26. And Wales. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Where do you think the Kiwis got the idea from?

  27. RISE AND FALL - EMERGENCE THEN DECLINE by Jeremiah+Cornelius · · Score: 1

    The human race, after a couple million years of evolution and increasingly sophisticated psychological, social and technological progress at long last produced Steve Jobs.

    After this begins now, our long and slow descent - back to our origins.

    --
    "Flyin' in just a sweet place,
    Never been known to fail..."
    1. Re:RISE AND FALL - EMERGENCE THEN DECLINE by Opportunist · · Score: 1

      Back to Steve Woz?

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
  28. And they still do, amirite?! by doggo · · Score: 1

    Ever'body likes a little strange now an' agin'.

  29. But 'race' is just a social construct... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    so surely there were no differences between any of these 'species'?

    'Hate' crime alert!!!

  30. Darwin's "dirty" little secret by peter303 · · Score: 1

    Bith repulsive and titillating to his Victorian readers. That sexual selection is major sub-theme of natural selection. Darwin illustrated in bird colors and the such, but it operates in most higher species including humans. We have far more sex than necessary for propagating the species.

  31. hmmm by snakeplissken · · Score: 1

    this as yet unknown ancestor from asia,
    they wouldn't be telephone sanitisers would they?

  32. "Spot the psychopath" game by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    There is no universal truth, morals are entirely arbitrary.

    Got one!!

  33. Many hominid populations? by FredGauss · · Score: 1
    I should preface this question with two disclaimers:
    1. i. It is borne of an ignorance for how classification takes place with respect to ontology/phylogeny.
    2. ii. It could be received in a fashion that may be regarded as controversial, but the question derives from curiosity of this area of science and nothing else.

    With respect to i., I'm hoping there's a biologist out there that is able to shed some light on a general question in this area of study:

    1. 1. If one were to examine humans that exist on earth today subject to the general criteria for grouping populations of hominids, are there multiple branches?
    2. 2. Related to 1, is it the case that a classification tree has been built on a relatively objective measures, or driven by proximity in observed samples (bone, DNA and otherwise). If the latter is the case, is it reasonable to expect that if the criteria for classification were based on e.g. the current population on earth, that one would observe distinct groupings of hominids?

    Does the conclusion of this work amount to more than "one branch of a classification tree derived from observed data is more intermixed with another branch of the tree than previous data showed"?
    I'm not trying to say anything about differences in people, or comment on methods in this area of study - but rather to understand the broader context of the reported results. Is the critical consideration that evolution tends to follow a continuum, but there are critical junctures where a mutation or two significantly changed the population dynamics subject to time, competition and environmental conditions? Is it a matter of coarse-grained as opposed to fine-grained changes over time, and where does one draw the line for coarse?

  34. "Species" is a surprisingly fuzzy term by billstewart · · Score: 1

    Identifying animals by species is usually convenient, but it's really an shorthand for clades of individuals. Are two individuals close enough to reproduce and have offspring that are capable of reproduction? That's a different question from whether Species X and Species Y are close enough, and the boundaries are a lot fuzzier than they taught us in high school. Lions and tigers aren't the same species, but they're close enough that ligers or tigons can be fertile, and there's at least one liliger out there. (It doesn't happen in nature, because lions and tigers don't live in the same areas, at least in modern times, but they're still close enough relatives.) And even mules are occasionally fertile.

    --

    Bill Stewart
    New Fast-Compression-only CPR http://preview.tinyurl.com/dy575ks
  35. Re: "Mystery Humans" by billstewart · · Score: 1

    Look, you're only calling her the "mystery woman" because you can't remember her name, and it was 50,000 years too early to get her phone number.

    --

    Bill Stewart
    New Fast-Compression-only CPR http://preview.tinyurl.com/dy575ks