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Target's Data Breach Started With an HVAC Account

Jim Hall writes "Security blogger Krebs reports that Target's data breach started with a stolen HVAC account. Last week, Target said the initial intrusion into its systems was traced back to network credentials that were stolen from a third party vendor. Sources now claim that the vendor in question was a refrigeration, heating and air conditioning subcontractor that has worked at a number of locations at Target and other top retailers. Attackers stole network credentials from Fazio Mechanical Services, then used that to gain access to Target's network. It's not immediately clear why Target would have given an HVAC company external network access, or why that access would not be cordoned off from Target's payment system network."

45 of 232 comments (clear)

  1. Car Analogy Time! by sinij · · Score: 2, Funny

    If Beta was hot grits, then Natalie Portman would be driving Beowulf cluster of HUGOs!

    1. Re:Car Analogy Time! by TWiTfan · · Score: 2

      My mother was a Beta, you insensitive clod!

      --
      The cow says "Moo." The dog says "Woof." The Timothy says "Thanks, valued customer. We appreciate your input."
  2. Network segmentation by Dan+East · · Score: 5, Insightful

    why Target would have given an HVAC company external network access, or why that access would not be cordoned off from Target's payment system network

    Because they have just one big unified network for everything. That probably saves them money, unless something really bad were to happen...

    --
    Better known as 318230.
    1. Re:Network segmentation by bjwest · · Score: 4, Insightful

      My guess is because IT is not given control over security, not listened to and told to "just do it" when they try to point out the security problems during planning. Butt you can bet your ass they're the one blamed when all hell breaks in.

      --

      --- Keep the choice with the user..
    2. Re:Network segmentation by mlts · · Score: 4, Insightful

      In most companies, someone poking around would have their access clamped shut by an internal IPS, with SMS messages going out to admins via the IDS.

      I'm sure there has to be a perfectly justifiable way to explain this, but almost any corporate network tends to be well segmented, with finance being the most locked down of any area [1]. Unless the internal fabric got compromised, this shouldn't have happened unless it was an attack with a lot of collusion from parties inside the organization.

      [1]: One place I worked at had the machines in finance completely disconnected from the Internet, and were separated from each other (no file sharing possible unless going through the company servers.) If people wanted to browse the Web, they used Citrix receivers and a terminal server, which was configured to not let files in or out. Said machines were not just locked down via AD, but used both BitLocker (to keep the machines from being booted from other media) and DeepFreeze [2] to help ensure that if malware did get on the boxes, it wouldn't persist. All data was stored on remote machines. So far, AFIAK, these precautions did a good job at keeping bad guys out.

      [2]: DeepFreeze isn't 100%, but it does come in handy as an additional tool for a locked down environment to keep things clean.

      #insert

    3. Re:Network segmentation by mythosaz · · Score: 2

      It's not even necessarily that. The HVAC may or may not have had access into the "real" system, but it, at minimum, allowed them a foothold from which to perform penetration testing .

      I remember implementing a change to our security because a chain that broke ultimately because some local SQL express SA accounts were open (on workstations, with 3rd party products that required local SQL express), which allowed further and further enumeration that ultimately ended with the discovery of a domain admin's credentials.

    4. Re: Network segmentation by TWX · · Score: 5, Insightful

      HVAC now relies on controls that are themselves Ethernet devices. Those devices in turn need to be reachable over the computer network, and a third-party HVAC company that is paid to monitor and service the air conditioning will need access to those HVAC controllers and to EMS (Energy management system) controllers to do their work. Since the devices are components on the network that can authenticate via 802.1X, they'll need credentials both to be on the network and to allow that third party to VPN into the network to monitor them.

      The stupid part is that the HVAC controllers were not vlanned off to their own segment, only connected to HVAC-monitoring computers and a VPN gateway for just this function, but given how congested IDFs are and how expensive the staff is to continually maintain vlans and associated ports, I'm not surprised at all that this happened.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    5. Re:Network segmentation by mlts · · Score: 2

      Maybe I've not seen an example of this, but there is a point where a I've not seen any meaningful enforcement of these regulations, be it PCI-DSS3, HIPAA, FERPA, Sarbanes-Oxley, or others. For example, from what has been shown in previous examples, PCI is almost a joke and given lip service at best. Tokenization of card numbers? Yeah, right.

      Are these laws even relevant these days, since they don't seem to be actually heeded?

      I wonder about replacing the existing penalties with taxes. A firm can ignore a regulation, but what would happen is a tax would kick in at a stiff percentage of their net worth or overall revenue (not profit, as that can be easily messed around with.) So, if a firm wants to leave credit card numbers in the clear, great... they will end up taxed to oblivion.

    6. Re:Network segmentation by Bigbutt · · Score: 2

      When I worked at IBM, management of the IDS for the IRS was outsourced to India.

      [John]

      --
      Shit better not happen!
    7. Re:Network segmentation by aaarrrgggh · · Score: 5, Insightful

      No, it is that proper security is really hard to do, especially when you deal with third parties that need to access portions of the network that management also needs to access. It doesn't help when the third party has one company account, and a reasonably high turnover rate of employees.

      I used to have a rolodex of access cards for different clients and sites. Many companies required a different card for each building. Then this magical internet came along and they merged all of the security systems into central corporate security. Like magic I only needed one card for each client, locked down to specific areas I needed access in different building. Then... they had a problem. I couldn't get into the building to help out. It wasn't the end of the world, but the project manager I was working for ended up giving me all access to keep it from happening again. It took two years for a corporate security audit to call me and ask why the hell I needed "ring zero access" or whatever they called it. Up until that I had cash vault access for whatever stupid reason.

      The bigger and more distributed organizations get, and the deeper the tree is on the contractors they work with, the more it becomes impossible to manage security without paying a huge efficiency penalty.

      Sorry to get so off-topic; aren't we supposed to be talking about how miserable the beta.slashdot.org site is? Completely unusable; are there any other competing websites that could resurrect the old slashcode?

    8. Re:Network segmentation by chipschap · · Score: 5, Interesting

      My guess is because IT is not given control over security, not listened to and told to "just do it" when they try to point out the security problems during planning.

      I was once the security advisor at a Large Place. A senior manager came to me and said, I want to forward all my email to Gmail so I can read it at home. (Much of it was sensitive stuff.) He said, "what do you advise?" I said, obviously, not to do it as it presented unacceptable risk, forwarding internal sensitive email to an external source beyond our control. He replied, "OK, I asked you the question, document that, will you? I can't help it if you gave the wrong answer" and he went ahead and set up forwarding. Actually, had someone set it up because he was clueless about how to do it.

    9. Re:Network segmentation by maz2331 · · Score: 2

      I call shenanigans. This type of breach shouldn't be remotely possible if the cardholder data environment (CDE) was behind a proper firewall as per the PCI specifications. That means that anything that stores card data has a VERY short whitelist of what it may communicate with, and then only on the bare-minimum of ports. And no, just a VLAN won't cut it there. All of the registers, card readers, internal servers, switches, etc on which the card data flows are required to be firewalled both inbound and outbound to the absolute bare-bones minimum possible. Someone, somewhere, trusted something internal to the network but outside of the CDE, that something was compromized, and out poured cardholder data like a firehose. Or they just said they firewalled and segmented without actually doing it.

  3. Maybe this is why we have the beta by Bob+the+Super+Hamste · · Score: 4, Funny

    Maybe this is why we have the slashdot beta issue, something came in with the HVAC account at dice. It sucks enough that the HVAC system might be to blame.

    --
    Time to offend someone
    1. Re:Maybe this is why we have the beta by TheGratefulNet · · Score: 2

      well, even if they swapped plus and minus on the power supply or turned the switch from SUCK to BLOW, I'm not sure it would improve the beta, any.

      --

      --
      "It is now safe to switch off your computer."
  4. HVAC vendor has network access to the POS system? by jdastrup · · Score: 5, Funny

    Might as well give HVAC vendors access to the slashdot beta servers so they can destroy it as well.

  5. Re:FUCK BETA by synapse7 · · Score: 4, Informative

    **NOW WITH LINE BREAKS**

    Please post this to new articles if it hasn't been posted yet.

      On February 5, 2014, Slashdot announced through a javascript popup that they are starting to "move in to" the new Slashdot Beta design.

      Slashdot Beta is a trend-following attempt to give Slashdot a fresh look, an approach that has led to less space for text and an abandonment of the traditional Slashdot look. Much worse than that, Slashdot Beta fundamentally breaks the classic Slashdot discussion and moderation system.

      If you haven't seen Slashdot Beta already, open this [slashdot.org] in a new tab. After seeing that, click here [slashdot.org] to return to classic Slashdot.

      We should boycott stories and only discuss the abomination that is Slashdot Beta until Dice abandons the project.
      We should boycott slashdot entirely during the week of Feb 10 to Feb 17 as part of the wider slashcott [slashdot.org]

      Moderators - only spend mod points on comments that discuss Beta
      Commentors - only discuss the Beta - Vote up the Fuck Beta stories

      Keep this up for a few days and we may finally get the PHBs attention.

  6. Re:"...as we migrate our audience..." by dmomo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    There are readers and contributors. Slashdot acknowledges some people as meaningful contributors by allowing them to disable ads. So, yes. We contributors ARE paying to use the site by offering our content. We're not giving the content for free, we get compensated in the form of a site that lives up to our high standards. So, when the compensation fails to be adequate, we must be vocal. We understand that we can stop using the "free" site at any time. We become vocal in hopes it doesn't have to come to that.

  7. DiceNews for Dicks by Junior+Samples · · Score: 2

    Rename the beta site and call it "DiceNews for Dicks". Then load it up with stories about the Deport Justin Beiber Movement http://www.google.com/url?sa=t... and news for Kardashian stories https://www.google.com/search?...

    Leave Slashdot alone!

  8. Re:"...as we migrate our audience..." by arth1 · · Score: 5, Informative

    Do you actually pay to use slashdot or are you complaining about a service you use freely that is no longer up to your high standards?

    We pay in two ways. Well, three, if you include those that pay directly. But otherwise, we pay by contributing, and we pay by watching ads.

  9. "Been slashdot'd" takes on a whole new meaning... by QuietLagoon · · Score: 4, Insightful

    After seeing what the new beta site looks like, in the future "being slashdot'd" will mean being destroyed by someone who does not understand what they are destroying.

  10. Target breech was bad, but not as bad as /. BETA! by CQDX · · Score: 2

    Beta sucks

  11. Re:"...as we migrate our audience..." by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Where do people get this strange notion that the hosters of free services should never receive negative feedback?

    They provide the service for free because they want people to use it (usually for ad revenue, though there are other motivations). If people don't like it, they won't use it. Providing negative feedback informs the providers that something is driving users away, which suggests changes that could increase usage, which is ultimately what the provider wants.

    Receiving something for free does not negate one's right to complain about it.
     

  12. Slashdot Beta by ShaunC · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Target fucked somewhere between 40 million and 110 million people. DICE is now trying to fuck something south of half a million people.

    Cut this shit out. Revert. Take the DICE Marketing department out for a nice big lunch, drinks and all. Then send them home for the weekend. Then undo the damage they've done.

    I'm sadly sure that this is an intentional ploy to drive away long-time users ("geeks" and "nerds") who have contributed so much that, like me, they're eligible to disable advertising. What they don't understand is that even if my karma was shit (we don't get numbers anymore, I guess mine would be 50++++++), I'd still be using Ghostery and AdBlock to block the ads without Slashdot's generous option.

    Wake up, guys. This is a tech site. The comments make the site. The users make the site. We aren't going to sit around and watch it go to shit. You will have nothing, ZERO left if the beta interface goes into production, except for a few new users who came over from MSNBC.

    Writing, wall, see it, hope you have negotiated a nice severance package.

    --
    Thanks to the War on Drugs, it's easier to buy meth than it is to buy cold medicine!
  13. Why HVAC contractor has network access by LaughingVulcan · · Score: 2

    Either A) some IM, email, or trouble ticket system, or B) remote setting of network enabled thermostats and diagnostics of HVAC units remotely. And the submitter can't think of that? Then why post it. And why not segregate the payment system? Uh, cause that costs money to do, and PCIDSS is a fucking stupid thing 99% of the time. It is only used to blame retailers instead of making the Vendors and Card companies design and ensure airtight security, as it should be. Does make one wonder why any retailer POS system should travel on the Intertubes and networkable systems, though, instead of fixed landline. (Yeah, unrealistic, but if the credit card industry won't man up and take responsibility then maybe that's what they should be relegated to.)

    1. Re:Why HVAC contractor has network access by SrLnclt · · Score: 4, Informative

      Modern HVAC controls are much more than thermostats. There are typically resets for supply air temperatures based on outside air conditions and time of day, and boiler water temperature setbacks based outside air conditions. Fan and pump systems can get feedback from the positions of dampers/valves throughout the system, and the VFD can slow down to minimize energy usage based on the feedback from the worst-case zone in real time. The list goes on, but all of this energy optimizing relies on lots of real time data, and the easiest way to do this is on an ethernet network.

      Many large clients, particularly those with multiple locations like school districts or big box stores will hire a controls company, and pay them a bunch of money to save a target dollar amount or percentage amount on their energy costs. This is typically done through an online interface to monitor multiple locations simultaneously, and keep them all operating the same way. The user doesn't typically care how the contractor sets this up, they just want the savings. The cheaper the contractor can get to the target the more money he makes, which can lead to corner cutting by the contractor.

      Some people (government, some Universities) tend to make the controls sub-contractors install a second, independent TCP/IP network for their equipment. But this security comes at a cost premium, particularly in existing buildings that already have a network in place for their computer needs. Most places I have seen don't bother with this due to the cost and the general availability of network connections in today's world. If the security is setup properly this shouldn't be needed, but we all know how often proper security is overlooked.

  14. Re:"...as we migrate our audience..." by Soulskill · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Receiving something for free does not negate one's right to complain about it.

    This is very true. Please keep the feedback coming. The more constructive, the better.

  15. Re:"...as we migrate our audience..." by Soulskill · · Score: 3, Informative

    Believe me, there's no confusion about the immensity of the community's contribution to the site.

  16. Re:"...as we migrate our audience..." by Magic5Ball · · Score: 2

    There's a lot of hate from Anonymous Coward for critics of beta.

    I hope this isn't Dice astroturfing their own site.

    --
    There are 1.1... kinds of people.
  17. Beta, NO! by Octojay · · Score: 2

    I have been lurking around here pretty much since Slashdot's inception. I finally felt the need to make an account today to let it be known that I will be joining the Slashdot boycott on February 10-17th. I (and apparently everyone else) made their feedback for the beta when it was introduced. They decided to not listen. This site is truly something special, its community and insightful discussions are completely unmatched. We can't let them ruin it. Join the boycott, a severe drop in traffic should get their attention because apparently our protest is falling upon deaf ears.

    --
    NO BETA - Save our community. Boycott Slashdot Feb. 10-17th
  18. Re:"...as we migrate our audience..." by arth1 · · Score: 4, Informative

    This is very true. Please keep the feedback coming. The more constructive, the better.

    Kill Slashdot Beta and start from scratch.
    That is a constructive suggestion, and absolutely doable.

  19. Re:Analytics by Nos. · · Score: 2

    It doesn't have to be on the same network to easily correlate data.
    You pull from many locations to one to correlate data.

  20. Re:"...as we migrate our audience..." by wjwlsn · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Well, aren't you just an entitled little shit.

    Do you not understand his argument, or are you really just an asshole? The value of Slashdot that keeps old-timers coming back, and brings new people in, is the content... and virtually all of that content is created and moderated by the users. Yes, the site itself is valuable as well, but only because it enables a certain style of discussion and fosters a particular kind of community, all built around that user content.

    When the site no longer enables the discussion and fosters the community that is Slashdot, it ceases having any value. People will leave. The quantity, quality, and very nature of the content will change... and as that continues, more people will leave. Now you're into a potentially unstoppable death spiral, and whatever remains will be just a pale image of the greatness that once existed.

    Do you expect us to keep our mouths shut? We don't want to see Slashdot die! Even if an alternative pops up somewhere, it won't have all the history that this site has. Losing all of that will be tragic.

    --
    Getting tired of Slashdot... moving to Usenet comp.misc for a while.
  21. Re:"...as we migrate our audience..." by onyxruby · · Score: 3, Informative

    Than why are you pulling a microsoft and ignoring your community? Your community /is/ your product. Like microsoft forcing metro with Windows 8 the beta site isnt functional and you insist on ignoring the very hands that feed you. Without your community slashdot is just another has been website.

  22. Re:"...as we migrate our audience..." by PvtVoid · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Do you actually pay to use slashdot or are you complaining about a service you use freely that is no longer up to your high standards?

    Well, I provide content by commenting, and I improve the quality of content by moderating. For nothing. Without people like me doing that, Slashdot ceases to exist.

  23. Re:"...as we migrate our audience..." by gallondr00nk · · Score: 4, Informative

    This is very true. Please keep the feedback coming. The more constructive, the better.

    I admire you actually coming out and posting, but I'd point out that there has been a plethora of constructive, detailed feedback on the beta already, seemingly to no avail.

    But since you asked, I'd recommend:

    Keep the Classic Slashdot.

  24. Slashdot Beta sucks by Adeptus_Luminati · · Score: 4, Informative

    I've emailed them... they ignore... the more they ignore the quicker their downfall.

    Ignore your userbase, and you shall have none. If I am ignored much longer, I will leave. Just like I left mashable after their AOL'ed it.

    PS. I've been a slashdotter for 7+ years.

    --
    No trees were killed in the making of this post; however, many trillions of electrons were horribly inconvenienced.
  25. Re:"...as we migrate our audience..." by Spy+Handler · · Score: 4, Informative

    I can't promise we'll implement every suggestion (indeed, many are contradictory), but we absolutely consider them.

    You only need to implement ONE suggestion and everyone will be happy. Let people continue to use Classic interface if they choose. That's all you need to do.

  26. POS Network Segregation... by MobSwatter · · Score: 2

    One of my accounts has remote web accessible thermostats and the site share's a single public static IP, but my intranet is split between 3 different lan segments with the POS segment isolated. Looks like it might be NSA preferred level of effective security configuration...

  27. Re:PCI isn't law by taustin · · Score: 2

    Non compliance is about more than transaction fees. It also who determines pays when there is a breach. If Target is non-compliant, they are 100% responsible for all investigation and remediation costs (as well as any fraud committed using the compromised card numbers). In this case, according to TFA, that's up to $420 million, with only $160 million in insurance. A $260 million write-off probably won't put Target out of business, but it'll sure piss off the shareholders when it shows up in the annual report.

    On the other hand, if they are compliant, they're not responsible for any of that.

  28. Re:In MY experience ... by khasim · · Score: 2

    and wouldn't that be the purpose of ACL's and firewalls?

    In general, yes. But the situation should not arise where you have to firewall a vendor's system because it should not be touching your production network in the first place. It's adding risk when it is not necessary.

    what purpose does any of the hvac machines need on the financial side of the network? any traffic going between the two (in either direction!) should be blocked and send up red flags.

    Yes, it should. You are correct.

    But this doesn't have to be between the financial sub-net and the HVAC sub-net. The HVAC system only needs access to a machine that DOES have access to the financial network.

    Or access to a machine that has access to a machine that has access to the financial network.

    Or access to a machine that has access to a machine that has access to a machine that has ......... the financial network.

    It's easier just to keep it off the production network.

  29. Such as? by Sable+Drakon · · Score: 2

    The real problem being the fact the US still moronicly uses MagStripe/Pin for payment cards instead of a Chip/Pin system.

    --
    The Amarri pray for god, the Caldari pray for profit. the Gallente pray for peace, but the Minmatar pray their ships hol
  30. Re:Loyal readers trolling Slashdot protesting beta by aaarrrgggh · · Score: 2

    There is always the approach of calling Dice Holdings. Their telephone number is 212-725-6550.

  31. Re:"...as we migrate our audience..." by AmiMoJo · · Score: 2

    If only you hadn't wasted all that effort building a broken beta site, and had instead focused on improving the classic site.

    Out of interest, what drove the decision to start over with a new layout and code base instead of trying to improve what you had? Is the Classic code really that bad or something? I remember when the mobile site launched and one of the developers listed all the cool technologies they were trying to shoehorn in to it, so it really just seems like a desire to pad their CVs and play with new toys was the main motivation.

    Have you considered open sourcing the code again? I'm sure there would be plenty of people willing to improve it for free.

    --
    const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
    SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
  32. Re:"...as we migrate our audience..." by girlintraining · · Score: 3, Interesting

    The whole point of the beta is to get feedback from the community. If we were ignoring you, we would have just flipped the switch and not looked back.

    Soul, I know you are in a difficult position, having been told to do spin control for a furious userbase. But you don't have to insult our intelligence. Redirects to beta were going on well before this, and the sentiment hasn't changed. It's been negative from the moment people started getting redirected. Management has been ignoring the users from day one under the notion that they'll like it once they get used to it, and hey, look at how Facebook changes things and people complain, but keep using Facebook.

    But your seniors don't seem to understand that this isn't Facebook. This isn't a site for the general population, and it's not irreplaceable nor without intense competition. There are thousands of internet forum sites out there, many of whom have the same target audience. I do not buy the argument for one second that management was ignorant of the poor opinion held of it's new "beta".

    I get that they bought the house and now they want to repaint it so it's "theirs", but they've gone too far. Very far too far. They have failed to understand their target audience completely, believing that we're just like any other of the dozens of assets they hold in their portfolio, and it'll homogenize with the rest if they just stay the course.

    It won't. They're going to tank their investment and once the users bail, they won't come back. They'll be like the MySpace of the IT world: It was popular at one time, but now it's a ghost website nobody cares about, just another content aggregation website, and not even a particularly valuable one. Nobody wants to see this happen... apparently, except for the senior management. We've spoken clearly, and unequivocably, in every possible way, that this is a bad decision. We've been doing this for days, and have received no indications from these people that they've even noticed.

    Do we have to set fire to the facilities they live in? DDoS all their sites? I mean, really, Soulskill... we've exhausted every avenue to let these people know "Hey dudes, train coming. Train. Big train. Honk honk. Motherfucking train, on the mother fucking tracks, coming your way. TRAIN." ... And they seem to be content to just lay there like some drunk and wait for it to run them over.

    If this is how it has to be, fine. But at least tell us that if Slashdot goes tits up someone on the Dice board of directors is getting shit-canned... because otherwise, the nerd rage that has built up here is going to find other, less pleasant, ways of extracting their pound of flesh from Dice. If you think the Slashdot Effect on other websites is bad... wait until a hundred thousand pissed off IT people each sitting on massive bandwidth pipes, decide to ping the SS Dice Fail Boat. It will not be pretty.

    --
    #fuckbeta #iamslashdot #dicemustdie
  33. Re:Umm... no network activity alerts? by dbIII · · Score: 2

    But how could they not notice the spike in network traffic as data was being sent to the hackers?

    By saving money on the monitoring system.

    They should know how much bandwidth their terminals are chewing up on average ...

    Such a thing only happens when someone put put in the effort to have a monitoring system. It doesn't happen by magic. Easy to set up in many cases but not there unless someone had set it up.