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NFL Asks Columbia University For Help With Deflate-Gate

An anonymous reader writes with news that the NFL has reached out for some help answering the questions raised by deflate-gate. "Yep, it's for real. The law firm representing the NFL (Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison) has reached out to Columbia University's department of physics to recruit an expert on 'gas physics' to help determine, as has been reported, the 'environmental impacts on inflated footballs.' This is one of those rare times when the jocks turn to the nerds, so fellow fans of molecules and momentum — climb out of that gym locker you were stuffed into — this is our moment. Stand tall. And do the wave....They want to talk to a physicist, I presume, to help determine if a drop in temperature — a slowing of the air molecules inside the football — can explain the low pressure that was found in some of the balls used in the A.F.C. championship game two weeks ago between the New England Patriots and the Indianapolis Colts."

33 of 239 comments (clear)

  1. It's not the gas... by Jaime2 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The problem with describing what happens when a ball cools isn't about the gas inside it; that's well understood. The problem is that the container is also affected by temperature and leather is a complicated material. The best answer here is to do a bunch of experiments, not a bunch of calculations.

    1. Re:It's not the gas... by CanadianRealist · · Score: 3, Interesting
      The behaviour of the gas is described nicely by the ideal gas law: PV/T is constant, where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume and T is the temperature. (T must use a scale relative to absolute zero.)

      The best answer here is to do a bunch of experiments, not a bunch of calculations.

      The NFL has plenty of experience in dealing with inflating footballs. It's pretty hard to believe that they don't understand what's going on. They should be well aware of the effects of cooling on both the ball and the air inside it. It's not like they recently started using inflated leather balls.

    2. Re:It's not the gas... by Jaime2 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      So, I said that the behavior of gasses is well understood and you responded with the ideal gas law. Are you agreeing or disagreeing with me? If you are agreeing, then why post?

      Next you mentioned the the NFL has a bunch of experience with this. Yet, it is the NFL that is asking for help. Obviously they don't agree with you.

    3. Re:It's not the gas... by easyTree · · Score: 3, Funny

      The best answer here is to do a bunch of experiments

      Yes, let's fire balls at jocks' heads and see what the effect of varying the environmental parameters is.

    4. Re:It's not the gas... by Ambassador+Kosh · · Score: 3, Informative

      Air is NOT an ideal gas at ALL. You can't use the ideal gas law and have it work.

      However you are in luck though since engineers made tables long ago of air properties at a huge range of temperatures, pressures etc and you can just look up the properties of air. However the properties of the material of the football would have to be tested.

      The only time you can use the ideal gas law is with a nearly pure gas at high temperature and no chemical reactions.

      It does suck that so much of the stuff we teach people in chemistry is not actually useful.

      --
      Computer modeling for biotech drug manufacturing is HARD! :)
    5. Re:It's not the gas... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The NFL is not interested in a scientific answer. They are interested in an answer from a supposed authority which reaches a conclusion they agree with. The NFL can then take that answer and champion it as having been "verified by scientists!".

      The NFL wants this whole mess to go away. They do not want people thinking that the players and teams cheat because people will become less invested in a rigged game. And if that happens, the NFL makes less money.

      What the NFL is really asking is for some scientist to come forward with an explanation about how the Patriot's footballs can be slightly deflated while the other team's balls remained pert and bouncy. Whether the scientist involved provides a legitimate answer or not is inconsequential, so long as it sounds convincing.

      So, yeah, once again the jocks are trying to crib off the hard work of the nerds.

    6. Re:It's not the gas... by ember42 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Dry air is within 1 part in 1000 of the ideal gas law at near ambient pressure and temperature. I challenge you to detect this with portable instrumentation.
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C...
      Unless the football is extremely elastic or is strongly adsorbent of gasses the ball properties wont matter much at all.
      The interesting question is do they use dry air? If they use ambient air, compressing it to ~13 psi will increase the dew point by ~10C / 18F. If the dew point is now above ambient, moisture will condense, which would lower the pressure much more than ideal gas law predicts.

    7. Re:It's not the gas... by David_Hart · · Score: 2

      i solved this issue on day one. they injected hot gas into the football right before the pressure was measured. pressure was fine with the hot gas, but once the gas reached ambient temperature the pressure was lower. Using the ideal gas law I calculated the gas would need to be 30 C (about 55 F) hotter than ambient. Completely feasible.

      science, bitches!

      I'm willing to bet that you used 2 PSI in your calculations as that is what was initially leaked as the pressure difference for all of the footballs. There have been further leaks saying that only the intercepted ball, the one in possession of the Colts, was 2 PSI low. The rest were supposedly under 1 PSI low.
      http://www.businessinsider.com...

      Based on the information from Billichick, it's likely that at least one of the footballs, if not more, were roughed up (which is what they do the prepare the footballs) just before the testing. This also could account for the internal temperature of the air being higher than ambient.

      For those asking the question about whether the league should understand what happens to footballs, the answer is that Yes they should. But No, they have never seen the need to delve this deeply into it before. The Refs don't even put the football pressure readings on paper when they test them, assuming that they are actually doing their job and using gauges. You would think that in this day and age that they would test each football, record the readings, and stamp it with a random bar-code.

      They could probably use a temperature gun to measure the ball temperature prior to taking the pressure reading. Or, for that matter, the pressure gauge should have a temperature gauge built in. Enter this information into an app along with game time weather and they could use it to set the football pressure for game conditions.

      There... an new App for the Microsoft Surface... Football Pressure Calibrator for Weather Conditions (FPCWC)....

      PS: I would have typed that this would be a new app for the iPad, but the NFL has a marketing deal with Microsoft.

    8. Re:It's not the gas... by Noah+Haders · · Score: 2

      the problem is, with the rubber bladder and then the leather outside, the football won't feel noticeably warmer immediately

  2. Still Doesn't Explain... by DougF · · Score: 3, Interesting

    ...why the other team's game balls remained properly inflated...given they were undergoing similar circumstances (weather, handling, use, etc).

    --
    Impetuous! Homeric!
    1. Re: Still Doesn't Explain... by Kierthos · · Score: 2

      If they were over-inflated, you'd think the officials who checked the footballs before the game would have mentioned that by now.

      --
      Mr. Hu is not a ninja.
    2. Re:Still Doesn't Explain... by Reverberant · · Score: 3, Informative

      why the other team's game balls remained properly inflated...given they were undergoing similar circumstances (weather, handling, use, etc).

      Properly inflated /= experienced no deflation. The Colt's footballs could have experienced deflation and still met the 12.5 psi limit if they were inflated at the high-end of the range to start. This of course assumes that the leaks regarding the Colts footballs are correct, the initial report of 11/12 Pats game balls being 2 psi under the limit have been contradicted by the repots, including a report this morning that only 1 ball was 2 psi under the lime (the ball handled by the Colts' staff), a few balls were about 1 psi under the limit, and the rest were just a "tic" below 12.5 psi.

      They also weren't necessarily undergoing similar circumstances" - the Pats' balls were used more and it could be that the Colts (as a dome team) were more concerned about keeping the balls dry than the Patriots were (homer speculation on my part).

  3. Deflate-gate? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Where do I go to complain about people sticking "-gate" onto the end of every scandal?

    1. Re:Deflate-gate? by codeButcher · · Score: 2

      Where do I go to complain about people sticking "-gate" onto the end of every scandal?

      Get the media to do some items on Gategate?

      --
      Free, as in your money being freed from the confines of your account.
    2. Re:Deflate-gate? by The+Rizz · · Score: 3, Funny

      Sign the gategate petition to get the FBI to look into it.

    3. Re:Deflate-gate? by clickety6 · · Score: 2
      There was a scandal locally that the fans for opposing teams were being charged a higher rate when buying tickets at the entrance . It was referred to as gategate and was a big news item for a week..

      But then it transpired that there were no differences and the prices being charged and that the opposing fans had cooked up the whole thing to cause problems for the local team, so form the next week the papers were full of the gategategate.

      Then a whistleblower uncovered evidence to show that there was a difference in ticket prices, but the local media was in cahoots with the local team and had acted to cover up the scandal by writing false stories about oppsing fans lying about ticket prices. Thus was born gategategategate.

      --
      ----------------------------------- My Other Sig Is Hilarious -----------------------------------
  4. MIT? by RightwingNutjob · · Score: 3, Interesting

    What? They're afraid MIT is full of Pats fans?

  5. yep. Columbia's to authoritatively say what we kno by raymorris · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Agreed. Anyone can put a football out in the cold, or in a refrigerator, and see what happens. Columbia's role is credibility, to authoratively say how much pressure drop is attributable to temperature.

  6. Re:Don't forget weight (mass) by Kierthos · · Score: 2

    The claim is that 11 out of the 12 footballs provided by New England were deflated AFTER they had been checked by the NFL officials.

    A few hours before the game starts, the officials check the footballs provided by both teams to make sure they are properly inflated. (Proper inflation is between 12.5 and 13.5 PSI.)

    The footballs are then held by the officials until prior to the game, where they are handed over to the equipment managers for each team to take to that team's sideline area.

    Now, at halftime, the officials checked the pressure on the Patriot's footballs again. (This is not standard procedure, as in this is not done in every game.) 11 out of the 12 footballs were found to be under the required minimum pressure of 12.5 PSI. Depending on which report/news article you read, they were under-inflated by 1 to 2 PSI.

    Weather conditions (lower temperature on the field compared to the room where the initial pressure check occurred) could lower the pressure of the footballs, but it apparently did not do so (at least to the same extend) for the Colts' footballs. Hence, the charge that someone (or more than one) in the Patriots' organization deliberately deflated the footballs.

    --
    Mr. Hu is not a ninja.
  7. Re:Already debunked by one of Columbia's finest... by Reverberant · · Score: 3, Informative

    Which he had to correct because he used gauge pressure in his calculation rather than absolute pressure.

  8. The Wave? by 93+Escort+Wagon · · Score: 2

    If you're doing the Wave, you deserve to get stuffed back in that locker. Or worse.

    As far as Deflate Gate goes, in the end it won't matter. The Hawks are going to walk all over the Pats. The only real question is whether they'll hit any of the numbers I drew in our office pool.

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    #DeleteChrome
  9. NFL is just looking for an excuse by frovingslosh · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ... to help determine if a drop in temperature — a slowing of the air molecules inside the football — can explain the low pressure ....

    The National Felons League (an organization of Billionaire Team Owners that is considered non-profit so that it pays no taxes) is just looking for an excuse here. The patriots were laughed at when they tried to pull the temperature excuse out of their ass, so they want a University to back up the "pressure goes down with temperature" excuse. They need to do this because even die hard Patriot fans are not buying the "a locker room attendant did this all on his own" story. And lets completely ignore why this supposed temperature drop affected only one teams footballs and not those provided by the other team, or why the problem was only observed when the opposition intercepted a ball and not by any of the Patriot players as they handled the balls.

    --
    I'm an American. I love this country and the freedoms that we used to have.
    1. Re:NFL is just looking for an excuse by sribe · · Score: 3, Interesting

      You fail basic logic here. It's obvious the NFL is not looking for an excuse, they are looking for "real scientists" to back up their already-made rejection of the already-made excuse from the Patriots. The last thing anybody in this case looking for an excuse would do would be to hire physicists.

  10. Re:Hey! by The+Rizz · · Score: 2

    I may have been a nerd, but I was the one stuffing kids into the lockers!

    Yes, precisely! You need experimental data to find the proper stacking method for maximizing kids of varying masses within a locker superstructure.

  11. Re: Ideal gas law by KJSwartz · · Score: 2

    That's PV = nRT, you insensitive clod!
    Leave momentum and differential acceleration out of this petty spat.

  12. combination of things by Virtucon · · Score: 2

    It didn't make any difference to the outcome of the game but it still persists. The NFL has rules governing the inflation... yada yada

    1) It could have been the cold.
    2) It could have been that New England knowingly under-inflated the footballs and played the first half of the game knowing it.
    3) It could have been a mistake on New England's equipment folks, shit happens.

    Chose one of three because it didn't make any difference in the outcome because once the officiating crew check them at half-time they detected it and changed the pressure. If there was a question to a violation of the rules it should have been brought out then by the refs, but they didn't do it and that's a bad problem here. Sure pressure can change, fuck the damn things can leak, it was the cold, an earthquake .. whatever the reason it's over and this countless going back and forth isn't going to change things but it may eventually give the NFL a scapegoat. Belichick is still in the dog house over the videotape episode because he didn't follow through with the punishment that Goodell metered out, he did it in spirit but not how it was agreed so ultimately he'll probably be suspended.

    The NFL has to fix the situation moving forward. If it was cheating, weather conditions, bad equipment, whatever they need to fix it so it's no longer an issue.

    1) The footballs for games should be considered the NFL's property and for the game they should be supplied, monitored and checked by the NFL. MLB for example doesn't let the teams play with baseballs that they bring to the game, the NFL should follow suit. No more teams bringing game balls.
    2) It's questionable that the NFL needs 42 to 54 footballs per game. It needs to be brought down to a reasonable number 20 or under. If that means no more "momento" footballs touchdowns etc. then too bad. After the game the officials can divvy them up between the two teams so they can distribute them how they see fit.

    --
    Harrison's Postulate - "For every action there is an equal and opposite criticism"
  13. Re:Don't forget weight (mass) by pspahn · · Score: 2

    Interrogator: Sir, you contend that you did not knowingly inflate those footballs with heated air?

    Equipment Manager: Well, I didn't know it would be a problem. I always wondered why our air compressor was hooked up to the furnace.

    --
    Someone flopped a steamer in the gene pool.
  14. Re:Passive RFID tags implanted into the balls by tom.rake · · Score: 2

    And we could display it real time during the game and catch any cheaters on the spot. Perhaps we could have a physic official throw a yellow flag when the pressure goes out of bounds and the opposing team could decline the penalty. We could get Bill Nye, the science guy to do the physics play by play. They could bet on the air pressure at the end of first half. We could interview anyone over their air pressure choice.

  15. Waste of time by stinkyj · · Score: 2

    I don't really care about either team, but after everything I've read and seen, I think the ref checking the ball just squeezed them or checked a few and let the balls be approved. There is no list of pressures, and a former ball boy said they would not check every ball. This explains everything. If the ref did his job, checked every ball, logged it, and inflated them to specification, there would be no mystery. Either the ref is above scrutiny, or the league is just trying to cover up that their own procedures weren't followed. This is the biggest non-story I've ever heard about, and takes away from the teams, especially about the Seahawks back to back trips.

    1. Re:Waste of time by El_Oscuro · · Score: 2

      I would agree, The key point is that the NFL doesn't actually have the test results. That would imply that the refs didn't check them properly. Tom Brady probably approved the the balls because they were the way he like them, and probably didn't give a shit if they were 10 PSI or 14 PSI. Never attribute to Malice what can be explained by incompentance.

      --
      "Be grateful for what you have. You may never know when you may lose it."
  16. Re:Deflate-gate? NO! by aardvarkjoe · · Score: 2

    We all know where it originates from. Doesn't change the fact that sticking -gate onto the end of every scandal's name is utterly stupid.

    It doesn't even make sense. It's not like the Watergate scandal had anything to do with water.

    --

    How can we continue to believe in a just universe and freedom to eat crackers if we have no ale?
  17. Re:Don't forget weight (mass) by anarcobra · · Score: 2

    I certainly managed to avoid hearing about it until this story on slashdot.

  18. "Reached out" by theoriginalturtle · · Score: 2

    "...has reached out to Columbia University's department of physics..."

    I bet they "called" or "emailed."

    "Reached out to" is a complete yambag phrase that needs to GTFO immediately.

    Talk normal, people.

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    Rotate the pod, please, HAL....