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Legislation Would Force Radio Stations To Pay Royalties

Major Blud writes: Congressman Jerrold Nadler (D-NY) and Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) introduced the "Fair Play Fair Pay Act" today that would end regulations that allow terrestrial radio stations to avoid paying royalties to artists and labels. Currently, AM/FM radio stations aren't required to pay royalties to publishers and songwriters. The proposed measure requires stations that earn less than $1 million a year in revenue to pay $500 annually. For nonprofit public, college and other non-commercial broadcasters, the fee would be $100 per year. Religious and talk stations would be exempt from any payments. Larger radio companies like iHeartMedia (858 stations in the U.S.) would have to pay more.

"The current system is antiquated and broken. It pits technologies against each other, and allows certain services to get away with paying little or nothing to artists. For decades, AM/FM radio has used whatever music it wants without paying a cent to the musicians, vocalists, and labels that created it. Satellite radio has paid below market royalties for the music it uses, growing into a multibillion dollar business on the back of an illogical 'grandfathered' royalty standard that is now almost two decades old," said Congressman Nadler.

42 of 218 comments (clear)

  1. ASCAP and BMI by Sylak · · Score: 5, Interesting

    So what you're saying is my college radio didn't need to pay ASCAP and BMI?

    1. Re:ASCAP and BMI by mveloso · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Those are licenses, not royalties. If you want an example of how to make licensing so complicated that it's incomprehensible, read up on music licensing and royalties. Licensing to ASCAP/BMI is not a royalty - it's a license. I would think that BMI/ASCAP would pay royalties as part of the license fee, but it sounds like they don't.

      Someone needs to come out with a diagram of how, what, and who gets paid in the music business.

    2. Re:ASCAP and BMI by dgatwood · · Score: 5, Informative

      Those are licenses, not royalties.

      You are technically correct—the best kind of correct.

      Radio stations pay licensing fees to ASCAP and BMI, who in turn pay the composers and publishers proportionally based on the percentage of airplay (and concerts and other performances) that their songs received. They do not pay the artists or the record companies, so the article is correct in that regard. But yes, they most certainly do pay the composers and publishers, albeit indirectly. That's the whole reason those performance rights organizations exist.

      There is a caveat, however. Not all radio stations are considered "reporting stations". I know our college radio station diligently logged our plays for reporting purposes, but when it comes to actual royalty payouts, those organizations use a random sampling of radio stations, rather than tallying every song on every station. If your music is played only on a small number of radio stations, there's a good chance you won't get paid because you won't show up in their sampling. Now over time, they're getting closer and closer to full reporting, so this is becoming less of a problem, but it is something to keep in mind.

      In any case, I would say that the summary is just plain wrong. In effect, radio stations pay royalties (indirectly) to composers and publishers, but not to performers and record labels.

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    3. Re:ASCAP and BMI by gumbi+west · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The flip side of the sampling is that there is some near (but not exactly) zero play bands getting far more than their share of royalties. Basically, they face a very imprecise but accurate estimate of their payout.

    4. Re:ASCAP and BMI by dgatwood · · Score: 3, Interesting

      In theory, yes, sampling tends to result in large errors for small values, in both directions.

      In practice, I think the sampling mostly covers large stations in major markets, so I'd expect it to skew away from low-play bands a lot more often than it skews towards them. But that's just a gut feeling; I could be wrong.

      --

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    5. Re:ASCAP and BMI by davester666 · · Score: 5, Funny

      I reject the very idea that the system could possibly be gamed for the general advantage of the major labels and their most popular bands.

      --
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    6. Re:ASCAP and BMI by sg_oneill · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Yeah I can attest to this. I know for a fact my album was played a number of times on various US radio stations, but acording to ASCAP it never was at all.

      Which is kind of annoying, because at least one of those stations was fairly big in California . if I'm not mistaken.

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    7. Re:ASCAP and BMI by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

      "Basically, they face a very imprecise but accurate estimate of their payout."

      Wouldn't that be the other way around?

      You have your precision, 0.0001% of airplay, but your accuracy is off. If a value has fine precision, but based on "loose" information, you can get precision without accuracy. Saying pi is 1.23456789098765432 is very precise, but saying it is 3 is more accurate. Random sampling would get you a precise number when you do your division, but if the sampling size is too small, it would be inaccurate.

      Let's say you have 100 stations, but only sample 8 stations, playing 100 songs each.. Only 1 station plays Two Tons of Steel's "Death Trap" and reports it. They love the song and played it 5 times. That one station is in your sample of 8 stations. You do the numbers, and TTS have 5 of the 800 plays in the sample. TTS gets 0.625% of airtime. A nice precise number. However, it is inaccurate by an order of magnitude. They got 0.05% of airtime.

    8. Re:ASCAP and BMI by AmiMoJo · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Back in the days when people used to care about music charts the people who compiled them would do samplings at a number of record shops. Record labels got to know which shops they were using and sent people to them to buy every single copy of a new release, just to make sure it charted well.

      Seems like the same sort of thing would be easy here. Just find one of the stations often used for sampling and bribe them to give you a few percent more plays, resulting in a big increase in royalties.

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    9. Re:ASCAP and BMI by c · · Score: 3, Funny

      Someone needs to come out with a diagram of how, what, and who gets paid in the music business.

      Risky. On one hand, you might just end up with a diagram telling you where the buck stops. On the other hand, you might end up summoning the Elder Gods.

      --
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    10. Re:ASCAP and BMI by dresgarcia · · Score: 3, Informative

      At one time, this was true. There was a time when all sampling was done "by hand". This is no longer true, and has not been true for quite some time, thanks to the advancement of technology. From 2002 to 2006 I worked for a company that was directly funded by ASCAP. We sampled dozens of stations in at least the 110 Media Markets across the US, as well as some international and online stations. Using as many as 5 servers per market we were tracking a minimum of 10 stations per server. Using digital fingerprint technology we reached nearly 100% detection rate of which *version* of which song was being played on a station. That company no longer exists, but the methods(and similar technologies) live on. This should cover something close to 50% of stations residing in the 302 US Media Markets.

  2. School of Rock by Fireflymantis · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Dewey: Oh, you wanna learn something?

    Summer: Yes, I do.

    Dewey: You want me to teach you something? [most of the students nod] Here's a useful lesson for you: give up. Just quit. Because in this life, you can't win. Sure, you can try. [really getting angry] But in the end you're just gonna lose, BIG TIME. Because THE WORLD is run by the Man.

    Frankie: Who?

    Dewey: The Man. Oh, you don't know the Man? [class shakes their heads] He's everywhere. In the White House, down the hall, MISS MULLINS, she's the Man. And the Man ruined the ozone, and he's burning down the Amazon, and he kidnapped Shamu and put her in a chlorine tank! Okay? And there used to be a way to stick it to The Man. It was called rock ‘n’ roll. But guess what. Oh, no. The Man ruined that too with a little thing called MTV! So don’t waste your time trying to make anything cool or pure or awesome, because The Man’s just going to call you a fat, washed up loser and crush your soul. So do yourselves a favor and just GIVE UP!!!

  3. Thank god by Deimos24601 · · Score: 2

    Now I can finally sleep at night, knowing that those poor, starving artists are being properly compensated...

    1. Re:Thank god by gumbi+west · · Score: 3, Informative

      There are a lot of people besides artists who work hard to make music. There are many jobs that need to be done. It's like a movie--think of how many people you could name that work on a movie vs how many appear in the credits. Yes, the people you could name get paid more, but everyone else in the industry still would rather have that money to do that movie job than some other job.

      Human's have a tendency to focus on the obvious (the star, in this case) and not to think about the everything else--but it's still there, even if we don't think about it. It's like dark matter and dark energy in that way, I guess.

  4. Free advertising by ShaunC · · Score: 5, Interesting

    For decades, AM/FM radio has used whatever music it wants without paying a cent to the musicians, vocalists, and labels that created it.

    That's because radio is free advertising for the artists. Now they want the free advertising and to get paid for it, too? In decades past, the labels would bribe radio station PD's to get their music played; I wonder if they'd rather return to that model where it costs them money (and coke, and cars, and plane tickets) to get their artists some airtime?

    Speaking of payola, it should come as no surprise that "TV/Movies/Music" are among the top 3 industries donating money to both Mr. Nadler and Ms. Blackburn.

    --
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    1. Re:Free advertising by Jason+Levine · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I think it's more along the lines of: Internet Radio came along and the music industry wanted them to pay royalties because "Internet" equals "One Step Away From Piracy." They wouldn't let their music near the "PiracyNet" unless they were compensated first. Fine, so the Internet Radio companies paid them. Now, however, the executives got greedier and noticed that Internet Radio was paying them while Non-Internet Radio wasn't. Greedy executives saw dollar signs and decided that this couldn't stand so they got their buddies in Congress to put forward legislation to force everyone to pay them royalties. (Oops. I mean every Radio company. The "everyone needs to pay $X a month to the music industry no matter what you do" legislation is still being ironed out.)

      --
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    2. Re:Free advertising by jandrese · · Score: 4, Insightful

      In decades past, the labels would bribe radio station PD's to get their music played

      It's much more efficient now. Everybody is owned by the same megacorps so there doesn't have to be any "corruption" to make sure only your artists get airtime.

      --

      I read the internet for the articles.
    3. Re:Free advertising by Technician · · Score: 2

      I think the radio stations should start charging labels for airplay advertising to recoup the increased cost of program material. Advertising is already starving radio stations as media is moving online. About the only ones listening to over the air radio anymore is commuters trying to wake up and catch the traffic report. Now that Google Maps has added the real time traffic overlay on maps, even that is going away as people use a cell GPS to avoid traffic gridlock.

      How many homes no longer have a home stereo system with a radio turner? It's video at home or online streaming to cut the 10 song loop may stations play. Dilute that with an over stuffed advertising bundle and you see the problem. Even on weekends, many radio stations pretty much shut down operations and play infomercials to kill time normal advertisers wont support enough to keep the lights on.

      If you are a radio station, your prime time audience is only from 6-9 AM and 3-6PM. Everything else is repeat programming.

      --
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    4. Re:Free advertising by fatgraham · · Score: 2

      If I haven't heard it, it's new to me

    5. Re:Free advertising by Baron_Yam · · Score: 2

      >How many homes no longer have a home stereo system with a radio turner?

      I do. I leave it on to keep the dog company while I'm out and about. He feels pretty strongly about not paying royalties as the programming's pretty weak.

      The humans in the house use Internet streaming or locally stored content.

    6. Re:Free advertising by sudnshok · · Score: 2

      That is absolutely not true. I have purchased many albums that were released in the 1970s and 1980s after hearing songs on the radio within the last 10 years. Some of those songs I had never heard before (like some deep tracks), and some just grew on me.

      --
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    7. Re:Free advertising by ShaunC · · Score: 2

      It's much more efficient now. Everybody is owned by the same megacorps so there doesn't have to be any "corruption" to make sure only your artists get airtime.

      Considering that they specifically mentioned IHeartRadio, which is what ClearChannel has become, I'm certain that you're correct to an extent. There's still corruption, but it's been redirected. These days instead of labels paying the stations, the labels are paying politicians. And ClearChannel's campaign contributions have apparently dwindled to the point where the music industry is outdoing them. I figure all this proposed legislation will do is cause ClearChannel, or IHeart, or whatever they call themselves these days (funny they change their name around, sort of like Gator/Claria or Blackwater/Xe/Academi) to send more sacks of cash. The politicians will benefit and everyone else will get fucked.

      --
      Thanks to the War on Drugs, it's easier to buy meth than it is to buy cold medicine!
  5. BULL$#1T by chromaexcursion · · Score: 4, Insightful

    There's NOTHING in the bill that would pay artists,
    only record companies.
    As to the comments on ASCAP and BMI. In most cases "license fees" are another term for royalties. And in this case they are.
    This is more backdoor BS by the record company shills.

  6. "Almost two decades"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    'grandfathered' royalty standard that is now almost two decades old," said Congressman Nadler.

    Is it just me, or is that pretty young for regulations? Do we really need to re-write the laws every five years? I'm pretty liberal, but I don't see how businesses can make any long term plans if regulations are going to shift that rapidly.

    1. Re:"Almost two decades"? by CaptQuark · · Score: 2

      I think it means they didn't get the previous bill to give them payment that they wanted, so they want to try again. I agree, a 20 year old law doesn't sound that out of date yet.

      ~~

  7. Who gets what, and from who? by garfnodie · · Score: 2

    I'm so confused now. There are artists, song writers, labels and publishers. Then there is physical media, purchased digital, free streaming, paid streaming, AM/FM and satellite. Who is getting paid and who is paying?

    1. Re:Who gets what, and from who? by satch89450 · · Score: 2

      "Making" should be the profit, not the gross revenue brought in by station operaton. "Revenue" and "profit" get mixed in the minds of many people. They are not the same. When I worked for a 3 KW FM station as an intern years go, all the "revenue" went for operating costs of the station: building rent, transmitter land rent, property taxes, salaries (why do you think they liked a zero-dollar intern?), electricity, cost of network fees, consulting engineers (to conduct the measurements the FCC requires for the station "public files",) and all the rest. Most of the "giveaways" were paid for by the people buying advertising time, not the station itself. Those "free" tickets to concerts were contributed by the concert promoters to add some weight to their ad time. Sometimes the station operated at a loss, which is why the station owners had other businesses to prop up the station during lean times. It wasn't a hobby, but no one was getting rich from the operation of the station. Helping to keeping the money coming was the SBA channel sending out background music to the stores in town. All those tapes were rented, not purchased, because royalties had to be paid on that music coming from the ceiling of your local supermarket.

  8. And why would that be? by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 4, Insightful

    What principled justification would there be for excluding 'religious' and 'talk' stations from payment? One would think that any 'religious' station would either be a nonprofit or deserve to pay like any other business; and 'talk' is huge business, and presumably not a terribly heavy consumer of music.

    I can take a few guesses about the pragmatic political considerations for those exemptions; but they aren't exactly complementary.

  9. Would anti-religous talk... by EzInKy · · Score: 2

    ...stations be free of this forced payola as well? If not, is there are list somewhere of which dieties must be worshipped to escape this tax?

    --
    Time is what keeps everything from happening all at once.
  10. Re:Final nail in the coffin of radio? by gumbi+west · · Score: 2

    The summary said it would be $500 if you make less than $1M in revenue. Doesn't seem like a ton of money.

    If the huge corporate stations without jockeys fold I'm not so sure I care.

  11. Oz Pop and Rock by Whiteox · · Score: 3, Insightful

    They tried that in the late 60's in Australia. So the Aust. radio stations refused to play any US pop/rock and concentrated on available UK bands That very thing allowed the local industry to air home grown tracks on radio (and TV) and I for one think it was the beginning of the early commercial Oz music. Eventually the USA licensors gave up but the re-uptake of US bands by radio stations was slow.
    The other thing is that quite a few radio stations are owned by religious organizations, even though they are full commercial for the added revenue.

    --
    Don't be apathetic. Procrastinate!
  12. This is a marginal business by Karmashock · · Score: 2

    Radio stations don't make a lot of money and publishers have been happy for many years with the status quo. I think this is really about hammering internet radio services. Internet radio services point at AM/FM services and say "look at them, they don't pay either"... and as a result, that depresses the bargaining position of publishers with internet radio.

    They want more money from internet radio. And that's also silly because that is also a marginal business. They're basically not making money as it is. If they are forced to pay more they have to charge more and asking listeners to pony up more money every month is going to depress subscriptions and possibly drive the entire service into bankruptcy. Leaving the industry with nothing but itunes and piracy.

    The music industry is run by idiots. We've known this for years. They were approuched by the founders of napster long before they actually started pushing pirated music. They said "hey, lets set up a music service run by the music industry.". We all know what happened. The music bozos threw them out and said don't come back.

    How has that worked out for the music business? They keep thinking they can turn the clock back. They can't. They need to get ahead of the curve or get crushed.

    Their cash reserves and social capital/clout are a diminishing resource. The window of opportunity to have any agency in this issue is closing. They can either wake up or become irrelevant.

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  13. Re:Should really be named by Z00L00K · · Score: 2

    Well - in other parts of the world royalties are already paid for played music, and music is still played on the radios so it won't kill radio.

    --
    If builders built buildings the way programmers wrote programs, then the first woodpecker would destroy civilization.
  14. Re:Should really be named by Froboz23 · · Score: 4, Funny

    Legislation killed the radio star...

    --
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  15. Re:Who cares? by gtall · · Score: 2

    Don't give Marsha Blackburn any new ideas. She has none of her own and is just about the most vapid puff of pastry ever elected to the House.

  16. I'm puzzled: "all artists are fairly compensated" by Jerry+Atrick · · Score: 2

    The article quotes "all artists are fairly compensated".

    Why would the publishers and music companies ever support something like that? Their business is based on making sure artists collect as little as possible of their royalties, assisted by collecting organisations siphoning off their share.

    Something smells fishy, unless this is actually a strike against middlemen like the BMI? Probably with the end goal of handing collection over to the music biz further guaranteeing artists don't in fact get "fairly compensated".

  17. Wouldn't it be better to go the other way? by sabbede · · Score: 2

    And extend it from terrestrial broadcasts to satellite and internet radio? Never did understand why the recording industry gets to charge some people to advertise their product.

  18. Re:You might not Win but you can make sure they Lo by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

    you might not win but when enough of us do it, 'The Man', also loses.

    And this is why civilizations fall, instead of fixing themselves. Because revolution only works when enough of us are on the same page at once. Nobody wants to be first. By the time enough people are upset to fix things, the society falls into revolt and then you usually get an even worse government, which is just as corrupt as the old government but also ignorant of how to operate a nation.

    --
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  19. Radio Cartel has a simple way of stopping this... by PortHaven · · Score: 2

    All they have to do is pick one of the big 5 labels, one of the smaller two. And say....

    Oops....NONE OF YOUR ARTISTS are getting any airplay.

    That label will tank, as none of their artists will get sales. Meanwhile, those artists will riot, because they will be locked into contracts unable to move to another company, and unable to make profits. The result - RIAA will backpedal.

  20. "below market royalties" confuses me.... by rjr162 · · Score: 2

    If the terrestrial radio stations aren't paying anything... and there's now one US Satellite music company basically... how in the hell can you say the one satellite music company that IS paying you at least something is paying "below market royalties". I mean, what are they calling the "market" royalties as the only other thing really left is internet streaming, which they made sure years ago to put in place a crazy high rate.

    Was that the plan all along? Get internet radio stations to have to pay some crazy royalty fee and then later bitch that the other options, like satellite, are paying a "below market royalty" compared to internet streaming? I mean, it's not really below market, it's just lower than your extremely high forced/made up market price...

  21. Some additional things to consider by zuki · · Score: 2

    This situation is clearly something that few understand. We have two different aspects of copyright here On one hand we have ASCAP and BMI as well as Harry Fox Agency who have responsibilities to handle the income from radio play on behalf of their member songwriters and their publishers.

    However due to an exemption granted by US Congress around 1937 terrestrial radio was granted a limited reprieve from paying the owners of the sound recordings (not publishers, who get paid) any royalties in order to build their broadcasting networks. You would think that by now they have built them after almost 80 years?

    To add insult to injury, because this ruling prevents foreign copyright owners from collecting any performance royalties from their material being broadcast by US radio, these countries around the world reciprocate and deny US owners of sound recordings any income from music they own that gets played on radio stations around the globe, which unlike the US typically do pay sound recording owners for the use of this material.

    Clearly, most if not all radio stations around the rest of the world do pay sound recording owners for use of songs in their catalogs, and still manage to thrive.

    But the lobbying power of the NAB (National broadcasters' association) and the dizzying amounts of money they've spent spreading FUD on making US radio like the rest of the world would be the death of them -> the famous campaign "The Day They Killed The Music" which should really be renamed "The Day They Killed Fat Corporate Profits To Radio Mega-Conglomerates".

    Because even though terrestrial stations across the entire planet have managed to thrive and survive while paying such fees to sound recording owners for all of these years, somehow in the US enacting this legislation would make them die off. Well, one thing for sure: they'd make less profits because they would have to share some of the income with the very people who created the sound recordings; yes, those that they have gotten in the habit of using for free.

    It used to be that "one hand washes the other" because radio play ensured such massive sales that those who got their music played reaped a huge windfall in record sales. So it was tolerated, and no one in their right frame of mind would have dared challenge this. But now that record sales are down to a trickle of their former glory, it's looking as if the exemption has run its course and it doesn't make sense anymore to let radio stations benefit from this anachronistic advantage that hurts sound recording owners doubly by also denying them income from play of their masters overseas.

    Again: sound recordings, not the musical compositions themselves nor the publishers who represent the interest of those who wrote them.

    Lastly, a few years ago terrestrial radio was obviously quite keen on forcing Internet radio startups (unwanted competition) to pay these royalties to sound recording owners they themselves are exempt from. Surely they could anticipate that by doing this, someone was going to eventually challenge their hegemony, and call for fairness across the whole spectrum of broadcasters. Classic case of pot calling the kettle back.

    They've gotten away with it for so long, and built empires from this exemption. It's time for this anachronistic advantage to be erased. One thing we can be sure: they'd rather spend billions making sure it never turns into law rather than spending the same paying it to the owners of the sound recordings whose catalogs they built their business model around, by using them for free for so many decades.

  22. goodbye public domain... by TheDawgLives · · Score: 2
    From TFA:

    Make a clear statement that pre-1972 recordings have value and those who are profiting from them must pay appropriate royalties for their use

    So, royalties for songs that are 43 years old and older... I can hear the founding fathers crying from their graves.

    --
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