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San Francisco Fiber Optic Cable Cutter Strikes Again

HughPickens.com writes: USA Today reports that the FBI is investigating at least 11 physical attacks on high-capacity Internet cables in California's San Francisco Bay Area dating back to at least July 6, 2014, including one early this week. "When it affects multiple companies and cities, it does become disturbing," says Special Agent Greg Wuthrich. "We definitely need the public's assistance." The pattern of attacks raises serious questions about the glaring vulnerability of critical Internet infrastructure, says JJ Thompson. "When it's situations that are scattered all in one geography, that raises the possibility that they are testing out capabilities, response times and impact," says Thompson. "That is a security person's nightmare."

Mark Peterson, a spokesman for Internet provider Wave Broadband, says an unspecified number of Sacramento-area customers were knocked offline by the latest attack. Peterson characterized the Tuesday attack as "coordinated" and said the company was working with Level 3 and Zayo to restore service. It's possible the vandals were dressed as telecommunications workers to avoid arousing suspicion, say FBI officials. Backup systems help cushion consumers from the worst of the attacks, meaning people may notice slower email or videos not playing, but may not have service completely disrupted. But repairs are costly and penalties are not stiff enough to deter would-be vandals. "There are flags and signs indicating to somebody who wants to do damage: This is where it is folks," says Richard Doherty. "It's a terrible social crime that affects thousands and millions of people."

40 of 198 comments (clear)

  1. Routing around by mwvdlee · · Score: 4, Insightful

    At a large scale, the internet was designed to route around individual problems such as this.
    Can't this same principle be applied on a smaller scale?

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    1. Re:Routing around by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I'm not sure you understand the scale of the fiber being cut.

    2. Re: Routing around by drunk_punk · · Score: 3, Funny

      Sounds like routing software picked up the down link and shunted traffic to the backup link. But yeah, this is akin to trying to push a bowling ball through a garden hose... Sorry, couldn't think of a car analogy.

    3. Re: Routing around by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

      There should be both logical redundancy (take a different path) and physical redundancy (diversified paths on any one logical link). I've done backbone work for these and other major players.

      Of course, while much is, plenty isnt. Or you'll have documented A/B paths that shouldnt ever share a single point of failure but in reality run side-by-side for miles in places.

      And thanks to that, most never notice the dozens of fiber cuts/maint. activities that can occur on any large network every night.

      I always suspect an inside job on things like this. Sure, sometimes its a crackhead hunting for copper. But too many of these occur a just the perfect point of failure.. or people know which two runs to hit simultaneously.... and there are a lot of overworked, poorly treated and disgruntled employees in this field.

    4. Re: Routing around by kesuki · · Score: 2

      this is like a vandal slashing the tires on a city bus and having everyone go by taxi instead.

    5. Re: Routing around by bwohlgemuth · · Score: 2

      You mean where the telco designs out a fully redundant system (physically diverse entrances into different COs/POPs with layer 1 protection) and the customer says "whoa, that's expensive...I think I'll just order two circuits from two carrier and not tell anyone that I want those diverse..." It's not funny as this happens "all the damn time..."

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    6. Re: Routing around by bwohlgemuth · · Score: 3, Informative

      Agreed. Some of these cables are 600+ count fibers or are multiple bundles within the conduit.

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    7. Re: Routing around by aaarrrgggh · · Score: 3, Informative

      A ways back a broker got us a diagrammatic fiber map for a region (200x200 miles) so we could review options for siting a data center. With the limited level of detail and some driving around you can quickly detail things out. If you understand how common-trench utilities work, it isn't hard to determine sensitive areas.

      Just saying it doesn't take much inside information if you are willing to open a set of manholes in two locations and cut everything in and out at the same time.

      I am surprised though that more of the manholes aren't alarmed though. It is relatively easy to do, and for meet-me manholes we always had them on each bolt.

    8. Re:Routing around by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      So the Internet was designed with resilience unless someone has a strong pair of garden shears?

      Just goes to show that security is 99.9% people just being nice and not wanting to fuck things up for the rest.

    9. Re:Routing around by schnell · · Score: 5, Informative

      So the Internet was designed with resilience unless someone has a strong pair of garden shears?

      The Internet will do just fine. Your personal ability to access it, watch a movie or dial 911 will not.

      The big networks all have many data centers and diverse physical routing paths between them. But most people seemingly fail to realize that your house, your neighborhood - heck, maybe even your county if you're rural - probably does not. There is more than one physical path to get data from a colo facility in San Francisco to one in Seattle (even if it adds a lot of latency). There is probably only one physical way to get data to your house. Yes, even your cable provider and the telco almost certainly share a conduit somewhere near you. Mostly that's because there are simply a limited number of good rights of way to run fiber (frequently railroad tracks, gas pipelines, etc.) in any given area.

      And that's also because it makes doesn't make financial sense to spend the money to ensure that your house has two redundant cables coming out of it that take two separate paths out of your neighborhood to different COs, etc. That's true not just for houses but in many cases for cell towers, Central Offices and other telecom points of presence that make last-mile connections rather than backbone connections. So that's why a fiber cut is so bad - everyone served locally by that fiber will be out of luck, even if the Internet as a whole is not.

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    10. Re:Routing around by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 2

      At a large scale, the internet was designed to route around individual problems such as this.
      Can't this same principle be applied on a smaller scale?

      Yes, it can. Just dig a whole bunch MORE trenches around the country at enormous cost.

      The SONET fiber networks were designed to be primarily intersecting rings. Most sites have fiber going in opposite directions (with a few having more than two fibers going off in more than two directions so it's not just ONE big, convoluted, ring.) This is built right into the signaling architecture: Bandwitdth slots are pre-assigned in both directions around the ring. Cut ONE fiber run and the signals that would have crossed the break are folded back at the boxes at each end of the break, run around the ring the other way, and get to where they're going after taking the long route. The switching is automatic and takes place in miliseconds. The ring approach means that the expensive cable runs are about a short and as separated as it's possible to make them.

      But cut the ring in TWO places and it partitions into two, unconnected, networks. To get from one to the other you have to hope there's another run between the two pieces, and there's enough switching where they join to reroute the traffic.

      IP WANs have, in some portions, also adopted the ring topology as they move to fiber, rather than sticking to the historic "network of intersecting trees" approach everywhere. That's partly because much of the long haul is done on formerly "dark fiber" laid down in bundles with the SONET rings from the great fiber buildout (or is carried in assigned bandwidth slots on the SONET networks themselves), partly because the same economics of achieving redundancy while minimizing costly digging apply to high-bandwidth networking regardless of the format of the traffic, and partly because routers that KNOW they're on a ring can reroute everything quickly when a fiber run fails, rather than rediscovering what's still alive and recomputing all the routing tables.

      = = = = =

      Personal note: Back when Pacific Bell was stringing its fibers around the San Francisco Bay Area, I was living in Palo Alto. They did their backbone as two rings. There was only one section, perhaps a mile long, where BOTH rings ran along the same route. It happened to go right past my house, with the big, many-manhole repeater vault right next to the house. (I used to daydream of running my own fiber the few feet into the vault. B-) The best I had available, in those pre-DSL days, were dialup with Telebit PEP modems (18-23 k half-duplex) and base-rate (128k) ISDN.)

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  2. False Flag by ArchieBunker · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Don't trust the feds one bit. Especially when they say "The pattern of attacks raises serious questions about the glaring vulnerability of critical Internet infrastructure". In other words they want more funding and more control over backbones. These saboteurs will never be caught.

    --
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    1. Re:False Flag by LWATCDR · · Score: 3, Funny

      Why don't we have a -1 crackpot mod.

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    2. Re:False Flag by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Why don't we have a -1 crackpot mod.

      Because lately, yesterday's crackpot seems to be today's Snowden leak.

    3. Re:False Flag by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Why don't we have a -1 crackpot mod.

      Because it's getting harder and harder to tell reality and crackpot theories apart.

    4. Re:False Flag by gstoddart · · Score: 2

      Honestly, things which 10 years ago would have been the domain of crackpots is now 100% fact.

      These days it seems like no matter how paranoid you are, what is really happening is even crazier.

      When law enforcement commits perjury in the form of parallel construction, when they withhold knowledge of their surveillance technology, when they lie about what they're doing without a warrant, when they lie about how many times a technology has led to an arrest .. honestly, it's hard to not assume shady dealings by a three letter agency.

      You can't make up stuff anymore which is as crazy as reality.

      And given that these guys have cut into everybody else's telecomms ... why wouldn't they be doing it here?

      It really is hard to dismiss "crackpot" these days, because the reality is shit like that is actually happening.

      --
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    5. Re:False Flag by gtall · · Score: 2

      Damn, you caught them. It's a government conspiracy to...to...what was that again your imagination thought up?

    6. Re:False Flag by LWATCDR · · Score: 2

      "Honestly, things which 10 years ago would have been the domain of crackpots is now 100% fact."
      No. I keep hearing this but you guys must have lived on another planet. The fact that all governments sucked up just about all international communications dates back to the invention of the telegraph and maybe back to the mail.
      Any idea that they were not monitoring all clear text transmissions over the internet frankly I find just dumb. As far as meta data that was always up for grabs.
      False flag operations? That is in the realm of tin foil hats and crackpots. Frankly the rest of it is just common knowledge to anyone with a brain.

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    7. Re:False Flag by Coren22 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      There is this technology called OTDR:

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      It allows you to tell down to the inch where a cable was cut. Common practice is to use it from both ends to make sure there are not multiple cuts. If you think someone could hide a splicing activity, you are deluding yourself.

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  3. How did Rockefeller protect his pipe lines? by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 4, Interesting
    Rockefeller built up Standard Oil in the era of unfettered capitalism. It was a no holds barred fight. He had secret agreements with railroad companies to undercut his competition in transportation costs. As his oil competitors went bankrupt he picked their properties on the cheap. Then he bypassed the railroad companies by building his own pipelines to transport oil. He had enemies in the oil business, railroad business and his workers. His enemies hounded him for decades and eventually that billionaire was reduced to fleeing in a rickety car dodging federal subpoena. But they did not sabotage his pipelines.

    You could understand the railroad companies not sabotaging pipelines because the railroads too have long equally vulnerable railroads and they did not want to trigger retaliatory sabotage from Rockefeller. But his disgruntled bankrupt oil competitors, the labor they would not be above sabotage. It was really war. Carnegie hired the Pinkertons to kill agitating workers. His henchman was shot, and survived, by one of the workers. Corrupt sheriffs would break up labor organizers and the anger and hatred was mutual and ran very deep.

    Still, mile after mile of tin pipes traversing and crisscrossing Ohio, Western PA and later Indiana were left unmolested. How was that defended? How could one defend the fiber optic lines?

    --
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  4. Someone doesn't like being left of the new economy by Crashmarik · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Best guess on who it is ?
    Somebody that lost their job in IT because they were too old, didn't fit the diversity quota, or just had a SOB for a boss
    Someone who is sick of trying to pay rent in SF ?
    Criminal extortion scheme we haven't heard the details of yet ?

  5. Fake signs by aurizon · · Score: 4, Funny

    We need to immediately install 10,000 fake buried cable signs at scattered locations, and remove the real ones...

    1. Re:Fake signs by gtall · · Score: 5, Interesting

      It worked for Kansas, the band. As related by the band, when they were starting out they were to open for Aerosmith once. Steven Tyler had gotten a reputation for pulling the power cables to the amps if the opening band was doing too well, it might make Aerosmith look bad when they came on afterward. Kansas' stage manager had been informed of Tyler's antics, so he rigged up the amps to take power from the other side of the stage using hidden cables and put in fake cables to where all could see.

      So Kansas goes on and kills, Kansas was very hot, tight band. During the set, Tyler is pacing the sideline backstage getting more and more incensed. Kansas does one encore, Tyler is livid. They do a second encore and Tyler loses his brain cell and rips out the fake cables, which only pissed him off more since that didn't stop Kansas. After that song, Dave Hope, Kansas' bass player, threw down his bass and went to over to explain to Tyler using very colorful language what he was doing wrong. Dave Hope was a big guy back then so it was very impressive. Afterwards, other members of Aerosmith apologized to Kansas for Tyler's behavior.

  6. Dat Explanation by O('_')O_Bush · · Score: 4, Funny

    It is possible they are dressed up as Telco workers, but given their knowledge of the fiber lines, they couldn't possibly BE Telco workers...

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  7. Which Is It? by pubwvj · · Score: 4, Funny

    "thousands and millions of people."

    Make up your mind.
    Which is it.
    Thousands or Millions?
    Why not throw Hundreds and Billions into that sentence.
    Might as well exaggerate all the way and confuse.

  8. Slow internet? by Wowsers · · Score: 4, Funny

    Maybe it's the MPAA and RIAA latest attempt to stop people sharing copywritten material on the internet? Didn't they say they want to cut pirates off?

    --
    Take Nobody's Word For It.
  9. Re: Not enough punishment by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    The south really misses their slaves, don't they?

  10. Similar crimes in Humboldt. by wezelboy · · Score: 3, Interesting

    A couple years ago, there were a series of fiber cuts in Humboldt County (300 mi. north of SF). They only targeted fiber owned by Suddenlink. The authorities suspected a telecom professional. A reward was offered, but they never caught the person. The cuts stopped after a couple months.

  11. Or it could be... by Fellon · · Score: 2

    When our local fiber run was cut through here, it ended up being ignorant copper thieves.

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  12. Re: This is why by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The death penalty already doesn't work as a deterrent for crimes very likely to be caught with loads of evidence elements like murder. What makes you think that it would work for one far harder to catch?

  13. Someone without Internet by Hardhead_7 · · Score: 5, Funny

    As someone who has a fiber line running in front of their house (literally, there's a "Do Not Dig Here, Fiber" post at the bottom of my driveway), but has access to only DSL, I can't say it isn't tempting.

    1. Re:Someone without Internet by aaarrrgggh · · Score: 3, Insightful

      That fiber could very well feed your local DSLAM, providing you your DSL...

  14. Re:Terrible. by turbidostato · · Score: 4, Insightful

    "When an act of vandalism affects many thousands of people, it's pretty fucking serious."

    It depends on how those many thousands are impacted. When biggest impact is not being able to download kitty videos at full speed, no, it is not "terrible". "Annoying" comes to mind, but not "terrible".

    "Many people and businesses have their telephone service over the fibre"

    Even if we accord at calling this "severe", severily impacting business is, well, "severe" at most, still not "terrible".

    Adjective inflation lets you without terms for really big things. If "people may notice slower email or videos not playing, but may not have service completely disrupted" is "a terrible crime" what does this leave to, say, 09/11attacks? "a terrible crime indeed, I really mean it"?

  15. Re:Motivation difficult to determine by thedonger · · Score: 2

    While cutting cable to disable infrastructure could aid destabilization efforts in a thousand ways,

    the FBI might also be investigating thieves seeking copper.

    Go figure.

    Or fiber optic Christmas tree enthusiasts seeking fiber.

    --
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  16. Re:Not enough punishment by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 2

    Heck, in the South we could really amp it up just making them do chain gang duty with no bug repellant in the middle of the summer.

    Hell, in the South, you could let them have the bug repellent. A chain gang in mid-summer is enough punishment for any crime.

    --

    "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
  17. FIOS 100 Yards from my house Cant Get It by ZippyTheChicken · · Score: 5, Informative

    I live in what might be considered a rural area by some but I am 5 miles from my state capitol. There are underground fiber lines going down the main highway and fiber up my road to about 100 yards from me.. I actually walked down and watched them snake it under a road with a pneumatic torpedo.. cant get it.. the guys who install cable are Russian Illegals hired by a third party contractor for Verizon .. I talked with them for a while .. If our country ever gets attacked a few well placed people in these third party contractor companies that don't get checked will be able to take out our whole country in hours. They will know every weak point.

  18. Re:Terrible. by WSOGMM · · Score: 2

    "A terrible social crime". Sounds like he's mad because his wife couldn't read Facebook.

    I experienced the outage all the way in the placer county area. My internet, phone and cable were affected since they all are run through wave broadband. Yes, having no internet for a day sucked, but it got me thinking. Those vandals cut a single line, and I effectively lost 3/4 of my modes of communication.

    I had my cell phone, so I was able to call and text. If a coordinated group of terrorists or a nation wanted to attack US soil, it wouldn't be that hard to cut out the people's communication. Our communication infrastructure might be more vulnerable than you think.

  19. OK by koan · · Score: 2

    penalties are not stiff enough to deter would-be vandals.

    Yeah cutting cables is a bad thing, but these days I get nervous when I see that sort of talk because it's never as simple as increasing penalties for vandals, something else always gets added.

    "There are flags and signs indicating to somebody who wants to do damage: This is where it is folks," says Richard Doherty. "It's a terrible social crime that affects thousands and millions of people."

    I mean who talks like this? It sounds like someone that didn't rehearse their script enough.
    thousands and millions of people indeed.

    --
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  20. Again proof who they work for by houghi · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I am talking about the FBI : "When it affects multiple companies and cities, it does become disturbing,"

    What I read is "When it happens to citizens, we don't care."

    So apperently they cut of the wrong company or the wrong CEO and now they are disturbed. Before that? Meh.

    --
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  21. Only pay landowner for days when oil flows by perpenso · · Score: 2

    Possibly because the Pinkertons would come in and beat/shoot people? Or, weren't these pipes generally running through private land. A simple tactic would be to align interests. The landowner only gets paid for days when the oil flows. Then the landowner would keep an eye out.