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New Blood-Cleansing Device Removes Pathogens, Toxins From Blood

jan_jes writes: A team of scientists at the Wyss Institute last year described the development of a device to treat sepsis that works by mimicking the human spleen. The device cleanses pathogens and toxins from blood flowing through a dialysis-like circuit. Now the team has developed an improved device that works with conventional antibiotic therapies and is better positioned for near-term use in clinics. The improved design will be described in the October issue of Biomaterials. This approach can be administered quickly, even without identifying the infectious agent.

60 comments

  1. Do You Have Any Idea What This Means?! by organgtool · · Score: 1, Funny

    Finally, a proper cure for hangovers!

    1. Re:Do You Have Any Idea What This Means?! by Adriax · · Score: 0

      If it's cheap enough I can see a wave of hangover clinics opening in college towns across the country. Shoudln't need more than a single on site doctor and some nurses to staff it.
      Offer a monday morning special. Filter out the bad stuff and infuse some caffeine at the same time. A saline bag with 300mg of caffeine is probably about as expensive as a cup of starbucks anyway.

      --
      I don't suffer from insanity, I enjoy every minute of it!
    2. Re:Do You Have Any Idea What This Means?! by Mr+D+from+63 · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Being one that watched a family member slowly die from septic shock despite doctors fighting to do whatever they could, I can say that this is quite a big deal. Just like the article said, all the doctors could do was administer different antibiotics and hope. This might have made a big difference.

    3. Re:Do You Have Any Idea What This Means?! by hey! · · Score: 1

      Not to mention bullet wounds.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    4. Re:Do You Have Any Idea What This Means?! by future+assassin · · Score: 1

      Suck on some oxygen from a tank and it'll go away.

      --
      by TheSpoom (715771) Uncaring Linux user here. I have nothing to add to this but please continue. *munches popcorn*
    5. Re:Do You Have Any Idea What This Means?! by dkman · · Score: 1

      Well now you mentioned it. Damn it man!

      --
      I refuse to sign
    6. Re:Do You Have Any Idea What This Means?! by willworkforbeer · · Score: 1

      Sorry for your loss, that's unimaginable for many of us who've never faced that kind of helplessness. It would be amazing if this solution could spare families of the future from such tragedies. How great to know that at some date ahead, we can announce that a specific patient was the last such loss to occur.

      --
      Pretending this is my office full of bitter coworkers..
    7. Re:Do You Have Any Idea What This Means?! by ganjadude · · Score: 1

      yeah and those pesky pre employment tests!

      --
      have you seen my sig? there are many others like it but none that are the same
    8. Re:Do You Have Any Idea What This Means?! by RockDoctor · · Score: 1

      How great to know that at some date ahead, we can announce that a specific patient was the last such loss to occur.

      How are you going to know that? I have a patient here, with septic shock. My patient dies. I announce the patient was the last who will ever die of septic shock. What is there to prevent another patient from dieing of septic shock the next day in Ulan Bataar?

      If it were a recordable disease (like TB, some STIs, typhoid, and not many others I can think of off the top of my head), then you might have a point, but I'm not aware of septic shock ever having been enough of a threat to public health to be considered a reportable disease. After all, it's not transmissable.

      --
      Birds are not dinosaur descendants;birds are dinosaurs, for all useful meanings of "birds", "are" and "dinosaurs"
  2. Longevity breakthrough? by blankinthefill · · Score: 1

    I know for a while it's been thought that one of the main causes of aging (and hence death from aging) may be the bodies tendency to build up waste products over time. This technology sounds like it may be a first step to a potentially huge breakthrough in human longevity research... if much of aging really is about waste build up, the ability to clean that waste out by various means could mean that we start breaking the known barriers on human lifespans. It's going to be interesting over the course of the next 50 years or so to see what happens on this front.

    1. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by gurps_npc · · Score: 1

      Wrong kind of cleaning. The kidney takes care of most of that stuff. Spleen is more about the immune system clean up.

      --
      excitingthingstodo.blogspot.com
    2. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Most of this bad crap sits in your fatty tissue. Have you seen what happens to fat person when they attempt fasting? It's ugly! They have to be really careful because the amount of toxins that gets released while fasting can get dangerously high.

    3. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Wrong kind of cleaning. The kidney takes care of most of that stuff.

      Spleen is more about the immune system clean up.

      If this device cleanses pathogens and toxins from blood, it will do the trick.

    4. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by pla · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Most of what they mean by "waste" buildup in that context refers to intracellular debris, though, not the sort of wastes that circulate in the blood and eventually get excreted. Still very cool, though, because currently, sepsis has up to a 50% fatality rate - We literally have almost no ways to effectively treat it.

    5. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Only the waste that's in the blood, which I doubt would be much in the way of long-term effect.

      Short-term it could certainly be useful if it removes chemical build-up though.

    6. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by Mr+D+from+63 · · Score: 1

      I suppose that possibly cleaning the blood could help reduce the body's auto-immune responses to whatever pathogens are present. Immune responses can damage things other than what they are intended for, including healthy cells.

    7. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by Gr8Apes · · Score: 1

      The biggest issue with aging is the stem cells in your body slowly dying out. Telomeres are the main suspect here, along with mutations in DNA during division.

      --
      The cesspool just got a check and balance.
    8. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by cjjjer · · Score: 1

      Great just what we need people living longer...

    9. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by Jason+Levine · · Score: 1

      There was a science fiction story I read once (I've since forgotten the title) where the main character was being pursued because he seemed to have found a way to reverse aging. He didn't know what the secret was, though, and had to figure it out while evading his pursuers. The secret wound up being a "teleporter" that just removed all the "built up junk" in his cells. Once said junk was teleported out, the body began to act as though it were younger.

      --
      My sci-fi novel, Ghost Thief, is now available from Amazon.com.
    10. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by morgauxo · · Score: 2

      Hey, if you value keeping the average human lifespan down feel free to do your part with your own!

    11. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      I know the story, actually a very good one. But don't have the title in my mind or the book at hand, will check later at home.

      There where two types of immortality. One was the teleportation thing the other one was a "gene therapy" done to kids who where then stuck in 12 - 14 year old bodies.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    12. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by newcastlejon · · Score: 1

      The second one sounds vaguely reminiscent of one of the Singularity Sky books. The title escapes me but it was the one that centred on Sky Haussmann.

      --
      If God forks the Universe every time you roll a die, he'd better have a damned good memory.
    13. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by glitch! · · Score: 1

      Larry Niven: A World Out of Time

      A guy woke up from cryogenic sleep in a new body. Nope, it is not a Utopia; things are worse than every. But they need pilots for interstellar voyages and regular citizens don't want to go. He passes the tests and goes on a _long_ trip into the future.

      --
      A dingo ate my sig...
    14. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by MrHops · · Score: 1

      I know the story, actually a very good one. But don't have the title in my mind or the book at hand, will check later at home.

      There where two types of immortality. One was the teleportation thing the other one was a "gene therapy" done to kids who where then stuck in 12 - 14 year old bodies.

      I'm pretty sure you're talking about the Ringworld series, especially the later books.

    15. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by newcastlejon · · Score: 1

      Ignore that. It was Chasm City.

      --
      If God forks the Universe every time you roll a die, he'd better have a damned good memory.
    16. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      No, has nothing to do with the ring world.

      It is a single astronaut who comes back to earth after a very long time and finds the earth basically freed from humans.

      All the big animals like Elephants are shrinked to the size of small horses, the planet is very hot. He finds depopulated empty high tech cities.

      There he finds the special "teleporter" that cleans him from defects and prolongues his life. This is called "Dicta Immortality" as only the former "Dictators" had that form and it is believed/implied the populace died as normal humans.

      Later he more or less gets kidnapped or enslaved by the "new kind" of immortals. They all are kids and are because of that infertile. They seek to figure how the "dicta immortality" works ...

      In the end he escapes to his space ship I believe.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    17. Re:Longevity breakthrough? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They have to be really careful because the amount of toxins that gets released while fasting can get dangerously high.

      That is a myth - there's no evidence that fasting releases any "stored toxins," in fact I have yet to meet anyone who can tell me exactly what these toxins supposedly are.

  3. Now I can enjoy my breakfast stout and by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    No more hangovers! Now I can enjoy my breakfast stout and make it to work completely sober.

    Awesome!

  4. Can it remove viruses from the bloodstream? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If this treatment can remove viruses, it could be a useful treatment for HIV and possibly other "incurable" viral infections. There's still the issue of the bone marrow, but at least reducing the active viral load would be good.

    1. Re:Can it remove viruses from the bloodstream? by Agilus · · Score: 1

      Not only that, from what I understand, Metastatic cancer cells travel via blood. If this could grab those, that'd be awesome. So many cancer stories seem to involve killing the main site of the disease only to have it reoccur a few months or years later somewhere else, this time metastatic and basically incurable.

      Start this treatment up right after diagnosis, and continue it through the normal cancer treatment. If this device could be used to detect metastatic cancer cells in the blood, even better (but maybe this is reaching - still, cool to consider).

      --
      hackshop.com - My tech hobby project hub
    2. Re:Can it remove viruses from the bloodstream? by manu0601 · · Score: 1

      How are you going to distinguish cancer cells from the sane ones?

  5. Magnetic beads? by jandersen · · Score: 1

    According to the article, this device is supposed to use 'magnetic beads' to remove toxins; it is very light on actual detail, and judging on what is in the article, it sounds bogus to me. Magnetism works on magnetic materials - organic molecules like toxins are not likely to be magnetic, so how it that supposed to work? It reminds me of the bizarre superstition that claims that you can somehow clean or soften your household water with a magnet; that doesn't work either - if it was that simple, it would be in pretty much universal use.

    I hope there is more to it than what I have listed above; the Wyss Institute as such appears to be genuine enough.

    1. Re:Magnetic beads? by ceoyoyo · · Score: 3, Informative

      The details are all in the article. The first version of their machine used magnetic beads coated with an engineered protein that sticks to cellular debris. The beads were magnetic so they could easily dump them in a blood reservoir and then pull them out and clean them off. Their newer version runs the blood through hollow fibres coated with the same protein.

    2. Re:Magnetic beads? by dinfinity · · Score: 3, Informative

      cellular debris

      Just a minor correction, FTA:
      "This is because it uses the Wyss Institute’s proprietary, pathogen-capturing agent, FcMBL, which binds all types of live and dead infectious microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and the toxins they release. FcMBL is a genetically engineered blood protein inspired by a naturally occurring human molecule called mannose-binding lectin (MBL), which is found in the innate immune system and binds to toxic invaders, marking them for capture by immune cells in the spleen." (my emphasis)

    3. Re:Magnetic beads? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Read about "para" and "dia" magnetism.

      Every material is magnetic when the field is strong enough ... you should have learned that in school

      can somehow clean or soften your household water with a magnet
      Facepalm, ofc you can. All stuff in the water is dissolved as ions, which are poor victims of the lorenz force if they travel through a magnetic field. So, yes, you can clean water with magnets, it is just not economical feasible. This too you shuld have learned in school.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    4. Re:Magnetic beads? by gweihir · · Score: 1

      An in particular, the usual "wonder" devices wrap some coils around a rather thick-walled pipe for zero magnetic effect in the water.

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
    5. Re:Magnetic beads? by manu0601 · · Score: 1

      So this is just an improvement of the innate immune system: something that can spare odd stuff but is unable to learn about new threats?

      They could coat their beads with engineered antibodies to improve further. Is there anything that prevents that?

    6. Re:Magnetic beads? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      I did not say that the wonder devices work.

      I said that all stuff in the water is dissolved and hence consists of ions, charged particles, and hence they can be influenced with magnetic fields.

      If you really would want to clean water that way, it would work, but a machine would be complicated and use lots of energy.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    7. Re:Magnetic beads? by dinfinity · · Score: 1

      I found the following description of the exact mechanism of sepsis very informative:
      https://www.atrainceu.com/cour...

      The most interesting bits:
      "When working properly, the innate immune mechanisms are rapidly mobilized in the region of a new infection. At the height of the response, invading microbes are overwhelmed, deactivated, and destroyed. Next, local debris is removed; the pro-inflammatory molecules, the activated complement, and the activated clotting factors are neutralized; and the production of new pro-inflammatory molecules stops. In other words, a typical inflammatory response has a rising phase leading to local activity; the local activity then automatically tapers off and ends.

      The inflammatory response must be terminated because it is imprecise and it causes collateral damage: it injures or destroys nearby tissues as well as the invading microbes. Therefore, in a typical inflammatory reaction, when the local attack is over, the activated cells and molecules are neutralized by a wave of deactivation molecules.

      [...]

      Sepsis is an atypical inflammatory reaction in which the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance is off kilter, with the pro-inflammatory processes dominating.

      A well-studied example is the amount of protein C in the blood. One of the anticoagulation pathways that normally keep the coagulation system under control depends on the availability of sufficient activated protein C. A characteristic of patients with sepsis is that they have an unusually low level of activated protein C in their circulation. This deficit allows the coagulation system to deposit fibrin widely, making it more likely that small clots will form throughout the vascular tree.

      [...]

      In certain cases of sepsis, there is an additional force contributing to the system-wide spread of inflammation. Molecules produced by some microbes accelerate the septic reaction, making it especially rapid and severe (Neviere, 2013a).

      Classic examples are the bacterial toxins:

      Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. When it gets into the circulation, endotoxin strongly activates the coagulation and complement systems throughout the body."

      It seems that the magnetic beads with FcMBL would do very little with regard to low levels of protein C to prevent sepsis, but (helping) in taking care of the *toxins and the pathogens themselves is something that would help prevent sepsis and would aid in treating infections in general.

      I think the best way to look at this is thus as an augment to (instead of an improvement of) the innate immune system, allowing it to properly deal with high-volume infections, especially when it is weakened. In RPG-terms, these magnetic beads give you +50 Immunity to pathogens ;-)

    8. Re:Magnetic beads? by gweihir · · Score: 1

      I did understand you. In particular I did understand "not economical feasible". I was just amplifying on that.

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
  6. Will this reduce the stress from dialysis? by sims+2 · · Score: 1

    I know many people with severe problems that need dialysis can't make it through a treatment. Will this help with that?

    Its still amazing what they have done and if it works it will save a lot of lives but TFA did not mention the stress to the patient.

    --
    Minimum threshold fixed. Thanks!
  7. Toxins by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    When I see the word Toxins, my bullshit radar activates

    1. Re:Toxins by Ukab+the+Great · · Score: 2

      No worries--GNC has some phenomenal superfood shakes for cleansing bullshit radars.

    2. Re:Toxins by quantumghost · · Score: 5, Insightful

      When I see the word Toxins, my bullshit radar activates

      I am a physician and yes, my BS meter usually goes up when people who have no understanding of human anatomy, physiology, histology, biochemistry, or pathology start rambling on about toxins. But take it from person who deals with sepsis and critical ill patients on a weekly basis. Bacterial endotoxins are the real deal. There are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in severely ill patients. Also, please realize that this research is in collaboration with Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard's Engineering department.

      That being said, I pulled the original article and on first read, it seems to be a potential game-changer. My questions:

      1. They liken this to dialysis. Many critically ill patients can not tolerate dialysis due to fluid shifts across the membrane....What sorts of flow are required scaled up to humans would be required. Could this be run on a CRRT-HF type circuit or a SLED schedule?

      2. They use FcMBL adsorbed to dialysis tubing. I only see animal studies. What, if any, interaction does this with human proteins and cell lines. e.g. if it causes hemolysis or Agglutination, this would destroy the utility.

      3. What is the observed length of endotoxin/pathogen clearance? Ties back into #1.

      4. I presume this is Fc based (the only description I saw was "FcMBL protein was expressed and purified from a stable transfection of CHO-DG44 cells "), is this Fc, human, murine, equine, porcine, leporine, or bovine?

      More questions will come up...but I have a lecture to prepare...

    3. Re:Toxins by kendor · · Score: 1

      for something that might point to an answer to your questions, see my comment below regarding CTSO and AEMD, and have a read through Cytosorbents' recent investor presentation: http://www.cytosorbents.com/pdf/CTSO_Investor_Presentation_-_Feb_2015.pdf

      Cytosorbents and Aethlon appear to be playing in the same space.

  8. How does it work on carpet? by Stele · · Score: 3, Funny

    How well does this blood cleansing device work on carpet? Say, an area of about 10'x12'? Just asking out of curiosity.

    1. Re:How does it work on carpet? by AVryhof · · Score: 1

      Hans? Is that you, Mr. Reiser?

    2. Re: How does it work on carpet? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Pulp fiction!

    3. Re:How does it work on carpet? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      After using the device, you will have a puddle of pure blood, and the carpet will have been absorbed by the machine.

  9. Optimistic, but doubtful by TheSwift · · Score: 1

    There's a lot of things that can go wrong with this. One, it simply may not work - they haven't done large animal testing on it yet. It also may hemolyze the RBC's as they pass through - adding to the stress of septic shock which is inability to perfuse the organs. I hope it's a breakthrough, but having been doing research for clinically treating septic shock for the past 3 years - I'm doubtful.

    --
    "With patience a ruler may be persuaded, and a soft tongue will break a bone."
  10. A Million Live Here Or There by JimSadler · · Score: 1

    You know you save a few million lives here and a few million lives there and before you know it you've saved an awful lot of lives.

  11. snake bits and spider bytes by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    I wonder if this might work with pathogens such as snake bites and spider bites.

  12. Cytosorbents (CTSO) and AEMD already did this by kendor · · Score: 3, Informative

    Cytosorbents (CTSO: http://www.cytosorb.com/) and Aethlon Medical (AEMD: http://www.aethlonmedical.com/products/hemopurifier.htm), both publicly traded corporations, have built something similar,: an extracorporeal filter that fits into the standard dialysis machine you can find in any hospital. By filtering out "cytokines", which are produced during inflammatory processes, they hope to increase survivability by halting "cytokine storm," which is kind of a runaway feedback-loop which leads to organ failure, septic shock, and death. If it is proved to increase patient survivability, this technology is huge: sepsis is a leading cause of expense and mortality in the United States. If it works as is hoped, there are many lives that could be saved and trainloads of money to be made. This PDF from the company makes the investment case: http://www.cytosorbents.com/pdf/CTSO_Investor_Presentation_-_Feb_2015.pdf

    Both companies are attempting to commercialize their technologies and gain approvals in various countries. Cytosorbents has been steadily gaining approvals in the EU and other places worldwide. CTSO hopes to initially crack the US market through a trial using their filter as a part of cardiac surgery. AEMD is pursuing an FDA trial with their filter.

    The two-hundred-billion-dollar question is whether their devices will broadly improve patient outcomes: they obviously filter out bad stuff from blood, but the real question is whether that is broadly effective in critical care situations.

    I'm not a shill for either company, but I have significant investment gains in both. I'm constantly trying to assess how defensible each company's patent portfolio is, and whether the tech will improve general patent outcomes as much is suggested by a number of preliminary studies. I'd be interested in hearing other informed perspectives, especially from people doing research in this area.

    1. Re:Cytosorbents (CTSO) and AEMD already did this by sjames · · Score: 1

      They did related things (and probably very useful) but it's not the same. TFA is about a filter that removes the actual pathogens from the blood.

  13. allergies by chilenexus · · Score: 1

    For a while I've been imagining a device like this, if it could be properly targeted, would be able to remove specific antibodies from the blood stream, and effectively remove unwanted allergies while leaving the properly-functioning part of the immune system intact.

  14. New? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    But don't leaches do the same thing?

  15. But can it remove ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    cholestrol!

    1. Re:But can it remove ... by AlanObject · · Score: 1

      You don't want to remove cholesterol from your bloodstream. It is a vital substance to many metabolic pathways and a critical component to essential hormones. It is an essential component to your cell walls (without it you could not have a different chemistry inside and outside the cell.) If you applied this device to lower your cholesterol your liver would just produce more.

      People have been trained to think of cholesterol as a dangerous poison. For better information go here.