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YouTube 'Dancing Baby' Copyright Ruling Sets Pre-Trial Fair Use Guideline

Mr. Droopy Drawers writes with news that the famous "Dancing Baby" case will move forward to trial, after a pre-trial ruling Monday that's already unpopular with the copyright holders on one side of the case. The New York Times reports that a three-judge panel has "ruled that copyright holders must consider fair use before asking services like YouTube to remove videos that include material they control. ... [The guideline] "sends a strong message that copyright law does not authorize thoughtless censorship of lawful speech," Corynne McSherry, the legal director for Electronic Frontier Foundation, said in a statement." Mr. Droopy Drawers adds, "Of course, the RIAA is none too happy about the ruling saying, that it puts undue burden on copyright holders. However, the judge countered, 'Even paying "lip service" to the consideration of fair use is not enough, and could expose a copyright holder to liability.'"

(Also covered in an AP story carried by the Minneapolis Star-Tribune.)

43 of 127 comments (clear)

  1. A sudden outbreak of Common Sense. by Grog6 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    In an Election year, no less.

    How much money will the Congress Critters reap off this case?

    Many Tons, I'm sure.

    --
    Truth isn't Truth - Guliani
    1. Re:A sudden outbreak of Common Sense. by pixelpusher220 · · Score: 2

      Not so much. The same ruling allows companies to use a 'good faith belief' that something is infringing. And more importantly, it explicitly says they don't need to do ANY research to develop this 'belief'. So it's absolutely useless from a Fair Use standpoint.

      linky

      --
      People in cars cause accidents....accidents in cars cause people :-D
    2. Re:A sudden outbreak of Common Sense. by gstoddart · · Score: 5, Insightful

      You're reading that backwards.

      The companies are the ones who need to be checking to see if the content is actually infringing, or is fair use. The problem is in their eyes there is no such thing.

      The court isn't saying parents taking a video of their dancing baby need to do some research to ensure they're not infringing.

      They're saying a 29 second video of a dancing baby with 20 seconds of bad quality audio of a Prince song it's infringing.

      Do you really think they're going to lose sales as people just decide to listen to the bad quality audio to avoid having to buy it? The problem is that the copyright clowns have more or less decided that there is no fair use, and that unless you licensed it in advance you can't use it.

      And, I'm sorry, but that's idiotic on behalf of the copyright clowns.

      --
      Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    3. Re:A sudden outbreak of Common Sense. by pixelpusher220 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The problem is the DMCA's shoot first ask questions later incentives. When a DMCA takedown request is received you HAVE to take down the content. There's no counter process that allows 'due process' to happen while the issue is sorted out. Youtube took down Justin Bieber's ENTIRE CHANNEL over a bogus request, linky.

      If a prank can result in a world-wide multi-million dollar star's content being removed without someone questioning the validity of it. The system is fundamentally flawed.

      Or how about this. Jay Leno sees a video on Youtube and shows it on the Tonight Show. After the show airs, that video is pulled from Youtube. Why? Becuase, amazingly enough, it matched the 'signature' of what was played on the Tonight Show and NBC *automatically* had it pulled. linky

      --
      People in cars cause accidents....accidents in cars cause people :-D
    4. Re:A sudden outbreak of Common Sense. by Dunbal · · Score: 2

      The companies are the ones who need to be checking to see if the content is actually infringing, or is fair use. The problem is in their eyes there is no such thing.

      The problem is there are zero consequences for claiming something is infringing when it isn't, but everything to gain by doing it if and when it gets taken down. Oh yeah lawyers who spam cease and desist notices are risking their career and being "disbarred" by doing this. Please provide evidence of a single lawyer who has lost his right to practice because of it? But if mass mailing takedown notices results in stuff getting taken down it 1) enlarges the pool of people you can potentially sue/exploit a settlement fee from and 2) reduces the amount of content out in the wild which increases demand for "legitimate" paywalled stuff. Win win.

      --
      Seven puppies were harmed during the making of this post.
    5. Re:A sudden outbreak of Common Sense. by CastrTroy · · Score: 3

      I would question whether or not there really are zero consequences from making a claim that something is infringing when it really isn't. Sure, nobody get's disbarred, and nobody get's fined when they make a ridiculous claim of copyright for something that is obviously fair use. But every time they do it, and every time we hear a story about it, it makes us have just that much less sympathy for the companies that are making these claims.

      A lot of people will have no problem pirating Sony material after all the stunts they've pulled over the years in the name of protecting against piracy. Metallica has lost a lot of fans over the years because of the negative things they have said publicly about their fans. Many people feel that they are justified in breaking any and every copyright law because of how much it's been abused over the years. People will break laws that they feel are unjust. If you automatically charge people in Australia 30% more for copyrighted materials, for no reason at all, then they're going to find ways around that law.

      So, there may not be any direct effects of filing false claims, but there are a lot of secondary effects. They have probably lost way more customers due to the way they are acting than they would have lost had they just let people pirate without doing anything about it.

      --

      Anthropic principle: We see the universe the way it is because if it were different we would not be here to see it.
    6. Re:A sudden outbreak of Common Sense. by Spazmania · · Score: 3, Informative

      Correction to your correction: you have to take it down to retain _immunity_ from liability. In many cases you're still not liable under the case law that existed before the DMCA. And if the work proves not to be infringing in the first place then no way no how are you liable.

      --
      Moderating "-1, Disagree" is simple censorship. Have the guts to post your opinion.
    7. Re:A sudden outbreak of Common Sense. by pixelpusher220 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      And when it's you, Joe Schmo, against Univeral Music and the statutory infringement fines of $150 THOUSAND DOLLARS per instance linky you'd be insane to leave it up to the decision of a judge.

      --
      People in cars cause accidents....accidents in cars cause people :-D
    8. Re:A sudden outbreak of Common Sense. by Darinbob · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It may stand. This is the danger of having an independent judiciary, they are not always bound by politics and an honest and fair person may be accidentally appointed as a judge. So if you find yourself one day creating your own nation from scratch, remember to keep a tight rein on the judges.

    9. Re:A sudden outbreak of Common Sense. by Peeet · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I think you WAY overestimate the amount of awareness and understanding that the general public has about these issues and occurrences surrounding copyright abuse. This forum and ones like it are SO highly skewed to the tech aware crowd that it is very easy for us to forget that the opinions and conversations going on here are a single blip in the static of background noise outside the "cone of attention" of the general public and what they SHOULD be getting outraged / concerned about.

      Until WAY more stories like this start cropping up and the 24 hour news cycle can find a common gripe that the general public can focus their anger at, this will continue to be a silent assassin of small and accidental content creators and artists. If you REALLY want to make a difference, don't assume that piracy and ill will towards the corporations are universal or even the result of all the underhanded IP and copyright bullying that goes on. Instead, encourage and facilitate the ability of the average Joe and Jane to "produce" instead of spending all their time "consuming" TV and news from the conglomerates that would like nothing more for us to all just shut up and pay them to occupy our attention.

    10. Re:A sudden outbreak of Common Sense. by david_thornley · · Score: 2

      When a host receives a takedown request, they can avoid legal liability by taking down the content. They have no legal requirement to do so, but it's safer, and most big hosting sites don't make so much off random content that they can afford to take risks. At that point, if the host wants to avoid all liability, the host gives the person posting the content the chance to make a DMCA counter-claim, after which the host can put the content up again.

      The big issue is that most hosts don't charge to host potentially copyright-infringing content, and therefore have precisely no legal obligation towards whoever uploaded it. They incur no liability by simply pulling content if it might possibly be infringing. It's easy to take something down if they receive a complaint, but costs a bit more to go through the counter-claim process. If people paid to upload content, they'd get some protection through the legal system.

      I agree that the system is fundamentally flawed, but I have no good ideas on how to fix it.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
    11. Re:A sudden outbreak of Common Sense. by pixelpusher220 · · Score: 2

      How to fix it - at the VERY least make it a counter process BEFORE the content has to come down.

      Or

      as prince just found out, a baby dancing with your song in the background is GOOD advertising for you. Screaming like a little girl to a judge and having people look at you like a whining spoiled brat isn't.

      --
      People in cars cause accidents....accidents in cars cause people :-D
  2. Seriously? by mwvdlee · · Score: 2

    Isn't it already in the DMCA laws that complaints must have some merit with regards to fair use?

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    1. Re:Seriously? by mwvdlee · · Score: 3

      Also, since when is it "undue burden" to check that a law is actually being broken before invoking that law?

      --
      Slashdot social media options: AIM, ICQ, Yahoo, Jabber and Mobile Text. Why no MySpace?
    2. Re:Seriously? by gstoddart · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yeah, well, it's also in the DMCA that companies are making a sworn statement but nobody has every been charged with perjury.

      Because when they bought the laws they gave themselves all sorts of exemptions so they could do anything without penalty and just say "oops", while using it as a weapon against everybody else.

      And then they got the federal government to be their enforcement arm.

      Absolutely NOTHING about the DMCA has EVER held corporations accountable. They can pretty much make any old bullshit up and say "ow, wow, a drunken intern did that, we though it was real" .. even if it's fairly obvious they're lying.

      They have never recognized fair use.

      --
      Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    3. Re:Seriously? by Adriax · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The entire industry is centers around the idea of continued profit without effort. Any challenge to that is not just an undue burden, it borderlines blasphemy.

      --
      I don't suffer from insanity, I enjoy every minute of it!
    4. Re:Seriously? by thoromyr · · Score: 4, Interesting

      There is a common misconception about DMCA complaints that they are sworn under penalty of perjury. Like most misconceptions there is an element of truth to it. In this case, it is a matter of the *scope* of what is being attested to under penalty of perjury. Specifically, that the person filing the complaint is in fact a duly authorized agent of the copyright holder for the work that is claimed to being infringed.

      This allows the absurdity of filing a complaint for infringement against ... oh, I don't know, one of the Star Wars movies ... against an image of Mickey Mouse. As long as the filer is, in fact, a duly authorized representative of Disney (current owner of the Star Wars franchise) then the claim is good. There is *no* standard for the claim of infringement.

      My "favorite" cases are where someone gets a complaint (or lawsuit) because they gave credit to a person or work as inspiration. Perhaps the most famous one (which was settled privately) was over the twenty six seconds of silence (or whatever length it was). But I've personally seen it as well. The lesson? Never give credit to anyone for anything unless you are paying them a previously agreed on amount. Which is horrible, IMO.

    5. Re:Seriously? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

      Yeah, well, it's also in the DMCA that companies are making a sworn statement but nobody has every been charged with perjury.

      Except that you've misunderstood what they are swearing to. The DMCA doesn't require a sworn statement that the material they are complaining about infringes their material. It only requires a sworn statement that the material they are complaining is being infringed upon belongs to them.

      In other words, if I write a song and you upload a different song and I want to file a DMCA takedown, I am well within my legal rights. I am required to swear that I actually hold the copyright to MY song...not that your song actually infringes on my song (that's for the court to determine). However, if I file a takedown complaining that your song infringes on a Beetles song, then I am guilty of purjery, since I swore that I own the copyright to that Beetles song (which I don't)

    6. Re:Seriously? by ConfusedVorlon · · Score: 3, Informative

      Isn't it already in the DMCA laws that complaints must have some merit with regards to fair use?

      not explicitly.

      the complainer has to assert under penalty of perjury that
      “We have a good faith belief that the above-described activity is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law.”

      Universal argued that fair use didn't count as authorization - but was more like an excuse which protected a user from the normal consequences of their infringing usage.

      The court disagreed - they declared that fair use was an explicit authorization under the law.

      the ruling is here:
      https://www.eff.org/files/2015...

    7. Re:Seriously? by lars_stefan_axelsson · · Score: 2

      There is a common misconception about DMCA complaints that they are sworn under penalty of perjury. Like most misconceptions there is an element of truth to it. In this case, it is a matter of the *scope* of what is being attested to under penalty of perjury. Specifically, that the person filing the complaint is in fact a duly authorized agent of the copyright holder for the work that is claimed to being infringed.

      Yes. But in the many cases where even this wasn't true, i.e. they weren't a duly authorized agent, or any agent at all, nothing happened to the people doing the swearing under penalty of perjury. So it's a paper tiger at best.

      --
      Stefan Axelsson
    8. Re:Seriously? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2

      My favorite line is this one:

      Universal had argued that considering whether material is fair use could slow its response to stamping out pirated versions of its work.

      It shows the terrible state of things in this world. 'IT' denotes "Universal Music Group". As if 'IT' has done any work. Granting corporations the same rights at actual people causes serious problems.

      Universal has done NO work, the work was done by the artist, and since 'IT' in this case is a multi-billion dollar corporation, surely the act of 'considering whether material is fair use' certainly is within the scope of their ability.

      One of the questions that the lawyers can easily argue, then, is if the effort as determined here, is to expedite the enforcement of copyright, then Universal must have a system in place where they review every item which they ask to have taken down to determine if it can be put back up.

      Where is the person who actually wrote the music? Right, they don't matter do they.

      Record labels are dying, what are they going to do when nobody wants to buy 'their work' anymore?

    9. Re:Seriously? by Cederic · · Score: 2

      No. Fair use does not excuse copyright infringement, because fair use does not infringe copyright.

      To use your analogy, if it's self defense then it isn't murder. Self defense is not an excuse for murder.

  3. This is madness by Minwee · · Score: 4, Informative

    You mean that someone will actually have to _think_ before initiating legal action? And that we have some kind of duty to actually be right before laying down the law-hammer? What are we supposed to do with these fleets of autonomous sentry drones armed with fire-and-forget rocket dockets?

    Next you'll be telling me that we have to make sure we have the right address before we start foreclosing on homes. This isn't the America I grew up in.

    1. Re:This is madness by bledri · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I miss the old America where people use to create content instead of just ripping it off wholesale and presenting it as their own.

      That universe never existed, much less that America. Everything is a remix. That is how progress happens. And not just in entertainment, but in engineering, science and every other aspect of human life. Mixing old things in new ways and a new insight is the creative process.

      Imagine a world where the Blues cord progression was covered by IP laws. Rent-seeking greed is hamstringing human creativity. It's a real shame.

      --
      Some privacy policy Slashdot.
  4. Bitch please, RIAA by Travelsonic · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Seriously, it's an undue burden to check to make sure the law is actually being broken? Are these fucking morons kidding, or has their ego + sense of undue entitlement really gotten as big as I think it has?

    --
    If you believe in privacy, and believe you have "nothing to hide" at the same time, you're a goddammed idiot
    1. Re:Bitch please, RIAA by Snufu · · Score: 3, Funny

      The baby in question was wantonly stealing property of Prince and Universal Music corp. for personal self-promotion. Piracy by pre-schoolers costs artists and creators billions of dollars per year. Hopefully, in the future, infants will think twice before enjoying Prince's music unlawfully.

    2. Re:Bitch please, RIAA by ArhcAngel · · Score: 3, Funny

      This keeps getting modded as Funny but little does /. realize Snufu is a legal clerk for the RIAA's law firm and was being quite sincere.

      --
      "A person is smart. People are dumb, panicky dangerous animals and you know it." - K
    3. Re:Bitch please, RIAA by barbariccow · · Score: 2

      artist formely known as Prince

      He changed his name back to Prince a long time ago, assuming that was why nobody was buying his music (They wouldn't ask for a symbol at a store). Turns out the sales never recovered, so his latest theory is that babies are robbing him.

  5. About time by phantomfive · · Score: 2

    But does it really matter when Youtube automatically censors so much?

    --
    "First they came for the slanderers and i said nothing."
    1. Re:About time by Wandering+Wombat · · Score: 2

      But their censorship is already wildly variable and pointless. Skinny naked Asian girls with tiny squares of electrical tape over their nipples: absolutely fine, 500,000 views. A buxom woman wearing a full multi-layered outfit: 3000 views, reported for inappropriate content, owner fined.

      --
      I like to place meaningful quotes in my sig, so people will know that I know what meaningful quotes are.
  6. very wrong summary by BradMajors · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The ruling is that copyright holders must consider fair use being issuing a DMCA request. But copyright holders no longer use DMCA requests to have content removed on Youtube. Hence the statement that copyright holders must consider fair use before having content removed from Youtube is wrong.

  7. Good ... by gstoddart · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It's about fscking time we started telling the copyright owners that there are non-infringing uses which are considered fair use and aren't robbing you of revenue. People aren't setting out to do something which is depriving you of income, they're taking cute videos of their damned babies and putting them on YouTube.

    Nothing at all about a video like this cuts into their revenue or adversely impacts them ... it's just assholes deciding there is no such thing as fair use. And the labels whining that it puts undue burden on copyright holders

    is exactly the fucking point ... as opposed to them placing an undue burden on the entire world to not ever let anything happen unless they've pre-cleared it to copyright holders.

    A brief snippet of a baby dancing to a Prince song (with low quality audio and everything) is pretty much the definition of fair use. It sure as hell isn't going to harm Prince in terms of record sales.

    The copyright lobby seems to have decided the world operates solely at their sufferance. It's about time they got reminded it doesn't work like that.

    --
    Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    1. Re:Good ... by Calydor · · Score: 2

      That is actually a really good idea.

      Enforce a lower sound quality when a copyrighted song is detected (let's say something like radio quality?), add a link to buy the song for less than a dollar on iTunes, Amazon and whoever else signs up for that, and voila. Everyone wins.

      Might even make it easier to find out what that song you're hearing is called so you can buy it.

      --
      -=This sig has nothing to do with my comment. Move along now=-
    2. Re:Good ... by gstoddart · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I disagree, and I think that is moronic.

      I don't want every fucking thing I see to have even more damned analytics and ads embedded in it ... click here to buy this hat, click here to buy this chair.

      How about all the assholes who want to monetize every damned thing we do fuck off, stop acting like they are entitled to inject themselves into every moment of our lives, piss off and realize fair use is a legal right, and generally stop fucking up society.

      I swear to god I feel like Reg the Fucking Blank with the blipverts which killed people.

      In the physical world I'd be forced to punch people who acted like this. Why the hell we should have to put up with this shit online is baffling to me.

      The world doesn't want every fucking stupid product shot to lead to an add, a link to buy, or some asshole add tracking company injecting themselves at every moment.

      --
      Lost at C:>. Found at C.
  8. Sudden attack of common sense ? by silentcoder · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Sucks for the recording companies that the case got heard in S.F. Liberal city surrounded by tech companies, no wonder the Judges there weren't as eager as their texas counterparts to suckle thoughtlessly on the genitalia of any incorporated entity with an IP claim.

    --
    Unicode killed the ASCII-art *
  9. Re:So which use was it? by silentcoder · · Score: 2

    It's not one of those, that list is incomplete (but it doesn't claim to be a full list, it's just some well known examples from the list).
    The full list has several entries that could potentially qualify - including "private non-commercial" and maybe even "educational purposes".

    --
    Unicode killed the ASCII-art *
  10. This wiill make zero difference by mark-t · · Score: 4, Insightful
    So they ruled that rights holders are supposed to consider fair use before making takedown requests....

    There are numerous problems with this notion.

    First, there is no particular benefit to the rights holders to do so, nor did I note any penalty for a rights holder that does not. They say that right holders "should" do something, but so what?

    Secondly, there's every chance that larger rights holders will still be able to strong arm the average person with bogus claims because the latter aren't as likely to have the money to even try and fight them anyways, so how much consideration fair use was given before making the takedown request will never even be analyzed.

    Third, they can say they "considered it" and then progress forward anyways. There is no mechanisms to ensure that the rights holder gives the matter any genuine and sincere consideration before invoking litigation, particularly if they think they will win simply because they have more money to throw at the case, as I mentioned above. The notion that they may expose themselves to liability is probably not going to worry them if the smaller fish is unlikely to have the resources to actively pursue such litigation anyways.

    It's a neat idea.... but without teeth, it's worthless.

    1. Re:This wiill make zero difference by swillden · · Score: 2

      First, there is no particular benefit to the rights holders to do so, nor did I note any penalty for a rights holder that does not.

      The penalty is that rights holders who do not can be sued for damages, which is what's happening in this case.

      --
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  11. Four prong test is in section 107 by raymorris · · Score: 5, Informative

    Section 107 specifies four things that should be considered in deciding if the use is fair.

    https://www.law.cornell.edu/us...

    1) Is the use commercial, or not?

    The person posting wasn't making money from it, it was non-commercial in terms of suing the person posting it. I'm not sure if Youtube had ads at the time. In a suit against YouTube in it's current form, it would be commercial use.

    2) The nature of the use

    It's a very short video of small children, unlike the product sold by the record company. The subject of the video is the kids, the song is somewhat incidental.

    3) the amount of the original work used, in proportion to the total.
    Only 20 seconds of the song are used.

    4) the degree to which the use affects the value of the original work - does it compete with authorized copies?

    The video contained 20 seconds of low-quality audio. Approximately nobody would listen to the video instead of buying the song. In other words, no harm no foul.

    The video scores quite well on at least three of the four points to be considered fair use. The degree to which it was commercial depends on how YouTube was doing their ads in 2007, and if the label wants to sue Youtube or the person posting it.

    Courts may also consider other factors as well to determine fairness, but they must consider the four factors listed above.

  12. I hope that ruling stands up by HangingChad · · Score: 2

    There are too many times rights holders throw out a complaint, even when it's a clear case of fair use. Then they put the burden of proof on the publisher to prove it's really fair use. It's abusive and unfair and about time RIAA and that ilk got their pee-pee whacked for papering the landscape with infringement threats.

    --
    That's our life, the big wheel of shit. - The Fat Man, Blue Tango Salvage
  13. there, I remixed it for ya by Thud457 · · Score: 2

    I miss the old America where people use to create content instead of just ripping it off wholesale and presenting it as their own.

    --

    the preceding comment is my own and in no way reflects the opinion of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

  14. Re:So which use was it? by ConfusedVorlon · · Score: 3, Informative

    you misunderstand;

    the ninth circuit appeals court just ruled on a narrow point with regard to the overall case.

    the case now goes back to the _lower_ court who will rule on issues such as 'was this fair use?' and decide the result overall.

  15. The good parts of the DMCA aren't working by MobyDisk · · Score: 2

    Is this a DMCA case or not?

    The DMCA requires that the copyright holder signs an affidavit indicating that they own the content. Does it also require them to state that it violates fair use? But if YouTube provides a "back door" where certain "privileged" copyright holders can take down videos without having to file actual DMCA requests, then the protections the law provides are moot. It is yet another case where 3rd-parties are interfering with our property rights.