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Global CO2 Concentration Passes Threshold of 400 ppm -- and That's Bad for the Climate (time.com)

The average concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere hit the symbolic level of 400 parts per million (ppm) for the first time in 2015 and has continued to surge in 2016, according to the World Meteorological Organization. From a report on Time:Scientists say humans may need to take some carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere to stop global warming. The carbon dioxide concentration is unlikely to dip below the 400 ppm mark for at least several decades, even with aggressive efforts to reduce global carbon emissions, according to the WMO report, which confirms similar findings reported last month. Carbon dioxide can last in the atmosphere for thousands of years without efforts to remove it. "The year 2015 ushered in a new era of optimism and climate action," said WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas, referring to the landmark Paris Agreement to address climate change. "The real elephant in the room is carbon dioxide, which remains in the atmosphere for thousands of years and in the oceans for even longer."

35 of 376 comments (clear)

  1. Re:Queue the world ending in 5 ... 4 ... 3 ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    Cue the people who can't tell "cue" from "queue". As usual.

  2. horse has left the barn by stwf · · Score: 3, Insightful

    People need to realize that the effects of global warming are at this point unstoppable. No conservation effort and certainly no carbon dioxide removal program could possibly show an effect for decades. At which point the damage will already be done. Money would be much better spent preparing for sea level rise etc than trying to prevent it.
    Not to be a downer but the number of people killed by famine, drought, sea level rise, etc will probably be more effective at curbing CO2 output than any policy measures.

    1. Re:horse has left the barn by DarkOx · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I agree with you the time for conservation is past. We are at least if we want to continue to enjoy the standard of living we do beyond the natural carrying capacity of the globe. The answer is geo-engineering. I don't agree with your assessment we can remove carbon in sufficient quantities from the atmosphere. Do you have any evidence to site? I would argue the opposite, given we have been able to put a sufficient amount of carbon into the atmosphere to account for at least some of the temperature and ocean acidification changes we are seeing, it stands to reason we should be capable of removing it as well.

      Technologies exist to efficiently (in terms of volume) remove carbon from air today. It just requires lots of input energy. There are a sources that could provide such energy at hand. Fission as well as that big fusion ball we call the sun could provide a enough power. We just need to get serious about doing it. We should reallocate the resources currently being used on carbon reduction to carbon removal efforts. It would go a long way.

      --
      Repeal the 17th Amendment TODAY! Also Please Read http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html
    2. Re:horse has left the barn by DarkOx · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Oh I am fully aware the 'earth' will 'fix' the problem. I am also aware the "earth's solution" will mean the mass death of humanity though starvation and war. No thank you, I consider myself a misanthrope and I still think people deserve better than that!

      I'd like to see us at least try.

      --
      Repeal the 17th Amendment TODAY! Also Please Read http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html
    3. Re:horse has left the barn by MightyMartian · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Oh for fuck's sake. We can still maintain a good standard of living and wean ourselves off of oil.

      --
      The world's burning. Moped Jesus spotted on I50. Details at 11.
    4. Re:horse has left the barn by PopeRatzo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      At which point the damage will already be done. Money would be much better spent preparing for sea level rise etc than trying to prevent it.

      Much better to be thinking about buying an iron lung than to stop smoking.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    5. Re:horse has left the barn by khallow · · Score: 3, Insightful

      So you see the biggest problem is that people live in flood areas, not that the petroleum industry effectively is the most subsidized industry on the planet, and is insulated against the significant costs the use of fossil fuels is producing?

      I agree with the grandparent. Most oil subsidies come from countries that produce oil. You're not going to guilt them into changing their ways. The second problem is that a good portion of the oil subsidies subsidize consumption. That means that it's not a subsidy for the industry, which usually takes a loss on the practice.

      But people who live in flood zones? We can simply just not pay when their stuff gets wet.

  3. Perspective by Fire_Wraith · · Score: 5, Informative

    Just going to note that here's what this means in terms of how the global average temperatures have been changing, and how rapidly so compared to the past:
    http://xkcd.com/1732/

    1. Re:Perspective by CaptainLard · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Geologic time scales? Pisshhh. If you weren't such a poser you'd go straight to universal time scales, where the earth averages out to a cloud of dust. So whats the big deal if a supervillian builds a planet vaporizing death ray? The atoms were there before, they'll be there after.

  4. Taking CO2 out?? by NotInHere · · Score: 4, Insightful

    What about not putting it there in the first place? THEN we can start thinking about removing it from the atmosphere. It takes far more energy to take CO2 out of the atmosphere than to not put it there.

    1. Re:Taking CO2 out?? by knightghost · · Score: 5, Insightful

      That'd take nuclear - something that intelligent people understand and support, but unfortunately that's a tiny fraction of the voting population.

    2. Re:Taking CO2 out?? by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Dare I say it?

      Replace coal plants with nukes.

      Then replace natural gas plants with nukes.

      Then keep on building nukes till we have enough electricity being generated to replace all those gasoline/diesel automobiles (trucks, trains, etc) with electric versions.

      And while we're doing that, replace oil-burning ship power plants with nukes.

      Note that the steps after "coal plants" can be rearranged to taste. There are good arguments that we'd be better off getting the cars/trucks/trains replaced with all electric versions before we replace gas-fired power plants.

      As long as the people getting worried about AGW are chanting "no nukes, no nukes", I'm going to continue ignoring the AGW problem as "not very serious, really"....

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    3. Re:Taking CO2 out?? by DarkOx · · Score: 4, Insightful

      That *was* an option, now it isn't for two reasons.

      1) lots of distributed application depend on open circuit (in terms of carbon) power solutions. Its cost prohibitive to really fix that. By contrast carbon removal could be centralized at a comparative small number of points.

      2) We may be already in a positive feedback loop in terms of global temperatures and so you must break the loop, conservation will not achieve that.

      --
      Repeal the 17th Amendment TODAY! Also Please Read http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html
    4. Re:Taking CO2 out?? by bigpat · · Score: 3, Insightful

      That'd take nuclear - something that intelligent people understand and support, but unfortunately that's a tiny fraction of the voting population.

      Anti-nuclear power = Climate Change Denier. Or might as well be. We simply do not have the technology to stop or even reduce CO2 emissions in the necessary time frame at the necessary scale without a massive investment in new nuclear power generating capacity. Really there isn't a meaningful benefit in investing in expensive solar and wind alternatives unless there is also a large scale investment in nuclear power right now.

      Well there is a benefit to solar and wind power, but it is mostly so rich limousine liberals can delude themselves into feeling good about their role as they change the planet and cause regional wars and famine and are really just as responsible for all that death and destruction like everyone else is.

    5. Re:Taking CO2 out?? by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Actually, with excess nuclear power, we can produce eDiesel. We've got new catalysts and high-pressure processes making eDiesel highly-efficient, about 70%; that means pipelines fed from eDiesel plants placed near nuclear and geothermal power plants would come in slightly less-efficient than electric cars at 15% transmission loss and 85% charging efficiency.

      We can stockpile eDiesel; we can use it for airplanes (no way to make those battery-powered); we can generate eMethane or otherwise use eDiesel to run fuel cells, creating liquid fuel electric cars (possibly airplanes, but it's a tough job for an electric motor); we can use it to drive factories which need more power than the grid provides.

      Newer tweaks to battery technology are targeting high-surface-area electrodes. Lithium ion batteries grow tin whiskers internally, creating more surface area for reaction, thus higher and longer power output; current research targets new structures and new battery chemistries to maximize this, essentially attempting to create an activated-carbon-style surface as the battery consumes itself. The processes in eDiesel similarly use catalyzed hydrolysis, and it's non-consuming: if we can manufacture high-surface-area electrodes using current or improved catalysts, we can raise eDiesel efficiency. The two efforts are semi-parallel, in that efforts in one give insight to the other, yet they're distinct in significant ways and so can't directly translate.

      That means more-efficient batteries and more-efficient eDiesel generation in the future. If the overall efficiency exceeds 85%, eDiesel will beat any electric vehicle: transmission loss is 15%. At the same time, low-cost eDiesel will immediately replace more-expensive petroleum, as it's compatible with current, unmodified gas turbine technology; and eDiesel can feed or be modified to feed hydrogen fuel cells, which provide electricity, giving a method of feeding electric vehicles with a liquid or heavy gas (not hydrogen, which has storage and transport issues) fuel tank rather than a battery.

      At the same time, plant and atmospheric petroleum (e.g. eDiesel) products such as polyester, rayon, plastic, and lubricating oil (PAO, Group-3) will sequester oil. Recycling carries costs and complexity; cheap atmospheric petroleum, once expended, can be incinerated for power or dumped into expended oil wells. Deep well dumping provides an attractive option: the expended liquid petroleum becomes a feed stock for later mining and refining, while effectively removing the carbon content from the atmosphere.

      This is all stuff that will happen naturally, eventually. eDiesel will scale; a reduction in cost of nuclear, geothermal, and solar will outcompete oil; and refining waste oil into recycled stock will be less-efficient than producing new oil at the point where atmospheric petroleum has become cheaper than oil. The only question is when.

  5. Sea level rise isn't the main problem by Viol8 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Rising sea levels will be gradual and we have plenty of time to cope with them. Aside from the climate change aspect the more immediate problem is acidifcation and warming of the sea which has already killed off a quarter of the barrier reef and is having serious effects elsewhere with plankton. If the ocean food chain starts collapsing from the bottom up we're in deep deep shit and thats before you consider the reduction of fish stocks by overfishing and the destruction of the ocean floor by drag net trawling.

    1. Re:Sea level rise isn't the main problem by ausekilis · · Score: 4, Interesting

      or the other 99%ers that live in towns that are at or below sea level. The US has plenty of cities that could disappear. Eventually the Earth will recover on it's own (assuming we don't screw it up more), but I wont be around thousands of years from now when it does.

    2. Re:Sea level rise isn't the main problem by kwiecmmm · · Score: 5, Informative

      Some people think it is going to be gradual but there are people who think it could be sudden for a few reasons.

      Antartic ice sheets are melting at this time, but it is currently trapped by the ice there.

      Most people don't think these sorts of things happen regularly, but glacial floods have been seen in the earth's history (as long as you believe the earth older than 6000 years).

      Also, the reason that ocean sea level rise has not been seen everywhere up to this point is because the Arctic ice was over water, which meant that no water was added to the ocean. Antarctica and Greenland's ice are not currently a part of the ocean, so when this makes it to the ocean, things are going to go bad around the world.

      Aside from the climate change aspect the more immediate problem is acidifcation and warming of the sea which has already killed off a quarter of the barrier reef and is having serious effects elsewhere with plankton.

      And this is the other point, we have no idea what effects we are having on plankton populations. But then again, why do we need plankton, it isn't like we need to breathe.

    3. Re:Sea level rise isn't the main problem by RabidReindeer · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Archaeologists have found the remnants of ancient Indian villages out in what is now the waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Back in the tail end of the ice age, water levels were far lower.

      For that matter, a change of sea level of just one foot in the Florida Keys would drastically change the map.

      We may see a gradual rise in sea level, but not everything is a straight line. We could see a series of incursions and withdrawals, with each incursion going higher than the last.

      Also, not all of the destructive flooding may be oceans rising. Hurricane Matthew, was, thankfully, not as destructive in terms of wind as had been feared (a mere 20 miles further West would have been different, though). However, like many storm systems, the sheer amount of rain caused far more damage inland in North Carolina than the winds or storm surge, as places above sea level flooded.

      I understand that one of those "we-make-up-the-news-and-you-believe-us" sites has accused the US Government of "redefining" what a hurricane is "in order to promote the Global Warming Scam, er Scare", but in actuality, weather people started talking about making a distinction between Category 5 windstorms and Category 5 rainstorms several years ago. Sometimes the less windy storms can do more damage.

  6. is 400 a special value in nature. by Mysund · · Score: 5, Insightful

    We just see it as a round number because we use base 10.

    So it is actually nothing special.about 400. It is all numerology crap/superstition.

    If we instead of 10 fingers, only had 7 fingers, the number would be ... Oh crap ... 400 in base 7 is actually 1111.

    The world will end.

  7. Hockey Stick is NOT the full story by BCGlorfindel · · Score: 3, Informative

    Just going to note that here's what this means in terms of how the global average temperatures have been changing, and how rapidly so compared to the past:

    http://xkcd.com/1732/

    Here's a link to the actual paper the xkcd graph is derived from.

    Before drawing conclusions from the graph trend starting at the year 1900, read the journal article more closely. Specifically the part where it notes that the trend from 1900 onwards is graphing the instrumental record, while the period before 1900 is from their proxy reconstruction. As in, before leaping up and declaring human industrial era began at 1900, also note that the SOURCE OF DATA changed at 1900 too.

    1. Re:Hockey Stick is NOT the full story by BCGlorfindel · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Yup, we can't trust any reckoning of temperatures before the "instrumental" temperature record.

      Oh wait, they've moved the instrument due to construction on campus and now the temperatures need to be adjusted! OMG IT'S NOT RAW DATA!!!!eleven!!!11!!1!

      Now here comes satellite measurements! We can't trust any numbers before 1980-ish! Oh noes! We can't know anything about anything!

      Upside to not knowing anything about anything: when Florida sinks, can we just pretend it never existed?

      The flames from all the straw men makes it hard to hear you.

      Nowhere did I call into question any of the data sets. I provided a link to the actual journal article no less so anyone could fact check. What I DID point out is that we have two data sets on the graph, one that is the proxy record and one for the instrumental. That's not undermining, questioning or denying anything, it's a restating of the words of the author's themselves.

      The reconstructed data is going to have different accuracy, precision and sensitivity than the instrumental record. The authors of course did their best to account for that. None the less, it's pretty blasted important not to leave that out when analyzing an abrupt change in trend exactly coinciding with a change in data source.

  8. Re:Queue the world ending in 5 ... 4 ... 3 ... by Maritz · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I don't see the point in posting anything climate-related on slashdot. It's all one big denialist echo chamber.

    --
    I do not want your cheap brainburning drugs. They are useless for work. And I am a working man today.
  9. The math by nycsubway · · Score: 4, Informative

    The math of climate change is fairly straightforward. CO2 and methane in the atmosphere cause more heat to be trapped in the atmosphere and oceans. There's a certain amount of carbon that was stored underground over millions of years in the form of oil and coal. That carbon was slowly extracted from the atmosphere by plants over the course of 500 million years and stored underground. During that time, the planet's temperature went up and down for various reasons 1) Earth's orbit and distance from the sun 2) volcanic activity releasing CO2 3) aerosols reflecting light back into space 4) the reflectivity of the surface of the earth from accumulation of snow or melting of snow during those other changes 5) sudden die off or surge of plant life 6) other reasons.

    The rate of change for temperature and CO2 levels during all of those changes was gradual, with the changes taking place over thousands or millions of years. When CO2 was released in previous times, it was gradual. What's different about the current climate is that humans have raised the CO2 levels in the atmosphere by 140% in 200 years (280ppm to 400pm). That rate is way faster than any natural change in the history of the planet. That rate is what is so significant about human caused release of CO2 into the atmosphere. There are simply no natural factors to compare the methodical migration of carbon from the ground into the atmosphere.

    So, yes this is significant.

  10. Re:REAL elephant in the room by DarkOx · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Well why is that I wounder? Could it because because most of the leading authority figures and potential candidates are embroiled in scandal after scandal. Could it because by and large authority HAS screwed over the common man. Whatever your politics are at least in the USA the fact is there has been tremendous wealth consolidation over the past 40 years and it has occurred under both left wing and right wing administrations, under both left wing and right wing majority Congresses.

    By any reasonably account pretty much all post WWII authorities have 'screwed us over' I don't see why they should be trusted. Technocrats were running the financial centers during the global crisis. Technocrats have overseen what has been the slowest recovery in history. I think its abundantly clear these people ARE NOT in fact any more fit to lead than the usual poster here. Fancy degrees and acronyms don't change that.

    --
    Repeal the 17th Amendment TODAY! Also Please Read http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html
  11. climate change deniers (you!) by ooloorie · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Global CO2 Concentration Passes Threshold of 400 ppm -- and That's Bad for the Climate

    There is no "threshold" at 400ppm; it's just an arbitrary number. In terms of earth's climate history, global CO2 concentrations can go above 1000ppm and we're still fine; arguably, we'd actually be better off. None of that matters, though, because...

    The carbon dioxide concentration is unlikely to dip below the 400 ppm mark for at least several decades, even with aggressive efforts to reduce global carbon emissions, according to the WMO report

    It's not "unlikely to dip below the 400 ppm mark", it is impossible for it to dip below the 400 ppm mark for decades even if every human on the planet killed themselves tomorrow. No amount of mitigation or climate change policy or taxes or international treaties is going to change that. And the policies that are being negotiated and proposed are utterly useless; they won't even significantly slow the increase. That's why people who advocate governmental action on climate change are liars and crooks.

    Get used to it: the only option we have for dealing with climate change is that humans adapt to it. You can be an optimist about it (like myself) or a pessimist.

    But you are a climate change denier if you deny that climate change is inevitable at this point.

  12. Good for the climate by johanw · · Score: 4, Funny

    It's getting way too cold here - I like the (sub) tropical climate that is natural for this planet most of its life and I really hate this aftermath of the destructive ice age we are slowly leaving.

  13. Re:Queue the world ending in 5 ... 4 ... 3 ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    If by that you mean that your dogma hasn't managed to silence all dissent, I consider that a good thing. If you want a place where no one ever doubts the "experts", go somewhere else and the cynics of Slashdot will not chase you down to interfere with your rituals. However, when you bring your dogma here and pretend that people who work in fields of programming, science and physics should abandon all their education and knowledge of the subject matter to join your cult, you should expect resistance.

  14. Re:Everybody Panic! by Gr8Apes · · Score: 3, Informative

    Oh shit Oh shit Oh shit Oh shit Oh shit Oh shit Oh shit Oh shit World Ending, Glaciers Melting, Seas Rising,

    You're correct, glaciers are melting, seas are rising, and the world certainly is ending for some species and even countries.

    WE'RE ALL GONNA DIE!!!

    You have that correct.

    --
    The cesspool just got a check and balance.
  15. We should've been looking at remediation long ago by Tangential · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Its been interesting to watch the climate debate over the years. The talk has always been about reducing emissions and economic measures. If remediation (and clean energy) had been tackled with the kinds of efforts that won WW2 and put a man on the moon, this problem would be orders of magnitude less now (plus my cellphone charge would last weeks and I'd like that.) Instead "climate change" became all about economic rebalancing and geopolitical issues. We already have technologies that would deal with a lot of the CO2 in the atmosphere but they typically need energy and without clean energy (solar, wind, tidal, nuclear, etc) to power them, they don't do much. Now no one is willing to divert the massive amounts of money needed because that might interfere with the bread & circuses everyone wants.

    --
    Suppose you were an idiot. And suppose you were a member of congress. But then I repeat myself. -- Mark Twain
  16. Re:Queue the world ending in 5 ... 4 ... 3 ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    As others have pointed out, people here are not keen on following cult like behavior.
    Shouting about global warming is just noise, if you want support, tell us want you want to be done instead.
    Most likely your suggestions will be shot down immediately because they are either inefficient or they make matters worse.
    Some of your suggestions will likely have very little to do with global warming and rather serve some other political agenda.

    If you actually manage to suggest something that would help with solving the issue they you might be surprised that several people will chime in with support or improvements.

    You want to reduce carbon in the atmosphere? Preserving rain-forests doesn't help as much as hippies would like you to think since they are mostly carbon neutral.
    If you want to get that carbon away you need to dig it down. Stop recycling paper and start dumping it in landfills. Plant new trees to create more paper and keep digging the used paper down.
    The green political side will scream bloody murder since it goes against everything they have worked for and the recycling industry will lobby to have you stopped but it will do a lot more to reduce carbon in the atmosphere than protesting against nuclear power ever will.

  17. Re:Queue the world ending in 5 ... 4 ... 3 ... by Sique · · Score: 5, Informative

    Preserving rain-forests doesn't help as much as hippies would like you to think since they are mostly carbon neutral.

    See? That's one of those misconceptions floating around. Yes, rain-forests are mostly carbon neutral. But your conclusion is wrong nevertheless. Because while rain-forests are mostly carbon neutral, cutting them down isn't. Each piece of organic matter that is destroyed adds to the carbon foot print, as long as it is not replaced by a piece of organic matter of the same size.

    --
    .sig: Sique *sigh*
  18. Slowly, and then all of a sudden by Geoffrey.landis · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Some people think it is going to be gradual but there are people who think it could be sudden for a few reasons.

    I am reminded of the quote from Ernest Hemingway: "How did we go bankrupt? Two ways. Slowly, and then all of a sudden."

    --
    http://www.geoffreylandis.com
  19. Re:Queue the world ending in 5 ... 4 ... 3 ... by MightyMartian · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Uh no, AGW is a scientific and technical topic. That some people invent conspiracies or invoke magical thinking to wave away the evidence because they don't like what science has to say is irrelevant to climate change as a scientific and technical problem.

    I'm going to be very clear here. There is no actual controversy about anthropomorphic climate change, and there hasn't been for a couple of decades now. The number of actual researchers who disagree about human-caused CO2 emissions altering climate are probably at the same ratio of biologists who deny evolution, geologists that deny a 4+ billion year old Earth and cosmologists who deny a 13.5 billion year old Universe. In other words, the scientific controversy does not exist in any meaningful way.

    What politicians, corporate executives, religious leaders, or some guy who drives an SUV thinks about CO2's effects on climate are utterly irrelevant to the scientific question. They are relevant to how society responds to AGW, and that's where pseudo-skeptics strength is. They tell a message that's pleasing to peoples' ears, without ever having to justify themselves to the people whose fields of research they attack almost constantly.

    --
    The world's burning. Moped Jesus spotted on I50. Details at 11.
  20. Re:Queue the world ending in 5 ... 4 ... 3 ... by Kernel+Kurtz · · Score: 3, Interesting

    So what is the Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity again?