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Tesla Runs an Entire Island on Solar Power (engadget.com)

Jon Fingas, writing for Engadget:Now that Tesla has officially acquired SolarCity, it's not wasting any time showing what the combined entity can do. Tesla has revealed that it's running the island of Ta'u (in American Samoa) on a solar energy microgrid that, at 1.4 megawatts, can cover "nearly 100 percent" of electrical needs. It's not just the 5,328 solar panels that are key -- it's the 60 Tesla Powerpacks that offer 6 megawatt-hours of energy storage. While Ta'u is normally very sunny, the packs can keep it running for three days without sunlight. They don't have to worry about a cloudy day leading to blackouts. The solar switch, which took a year to complete, has both its long-term environmental and immediate practical benefits. Like many remote communities, Ta'u previously had to run on diesel generators. That burns 300 gallons of fuel per day, which is neither eco-friendly nor cheap. Solar eliminates the pollution, of course, but it also saves the cost of having to continuously buy and ship barrels of diesel. And crucially, it provides a more reliable source of electricity.

120 of 191 comments (clear)

  1. Solar makes a lot of sense by WillAffleckUW · · Score: 5, Interesting

    As indicated, shipping fossil fuel has high costs, and operation is noisy. Sunlight works even on cloudy days, and you can run desalination plants using solar, and it withstands weather effects fairly well.

    Many islands operate with a hybrid solar and wind system, especially in equatorial regions.

    --
    -- Tigger warning: This post may contain tiggers! --
    1. Re:Solar makes a lot of sense by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1

      As a counterpoint, note that where I live we had a pretty solid overcast for five days last week.

      That said, yah, solar is a perfectly usable system when you have to ship any other fuel in across the Pacific, and when you don't need power 24/7.

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    2. Re:Solar makes a lot of sense by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      However, overcast does not mean no power from solar. With the reduce power from the solar panels plus the batteries being fully charged to run for three days you probably have enough power to run six to seven days before the batteries are totally drained

      So it is very unlikely that you will have too little sun in a tropical island to keep it running.

      E.C.P.

    3. Re:Solar makes a lot of sense by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Luckily, desalination is not time-critical. You can keep several weeks of desalinized water, meaning that you can drop electricity requirements on cloudy days.

  2. Cost? by scatbomb · · Score: 1

    How much did 1.4MW and 60 battery units cost? What is the buyback period compared to burning 300 gallons of diesel per day?

    1. Re:Cost? by Yvan256 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Don't forget the shipping cost of those 300 gallons of diesel per day, the maintenance and parts required for the generators, etc.

    2. Re:Cost? by saider · · Score: 1

      In a very remote (expensive) location.

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    3. Re:Cost? by TWX · · Score: 1

      It would cost more to regularly supply fossil fuel than to replace batteries every few years. Fuel has to be shipped-in regularly, probably bi-weekly or monthly, while the batteries should be good for closer to a decade.

      --
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    4. Re:Cost? by Billy+the+Mountain · · Score: 1

      For LiIon storage, Tesla is getting close to $200 per kW hour (uninstalled) http://rameznaam.com/2015/04/1...

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    5. Re:Cost? by Rei · · Score: 2

      Li-ion voltage degradation curves generally don't plunge off a cliff, the rate of degradation slows down significantly with time. For a lot of consumer goods this isn't of much use because the voltage drops below the threshold and it becomes usable. But if the Powerwalls have a good voltage conversion then they might be able to get quite a long lifespan out of them.

      Still surprised at 10% loss of capacity in 10 years. I'd have thought that they'd have a low DoD and climate control paired with low discharge rates to prevent that. Now I'm wondering about their architecture. I imagine it's similar to how the Tesla packs work, where you have many cells in parallel comprising bricks (so a single-cell failure causes only a minor increased load on its neighbors), bricks in series to form sheets, and sheets in series to form the pack.

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    6. Re:Cost? by unrtst · · Score: 1

      This thread started as a sarcastic joke, but let's get some numbers in here.

      Tanker capacity: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
      The smallest is 10000 - 25000 DWT (deadweight tonnage), and largest is 549,999 DWT.

      How many barrels of oil can a 20,000 DWT tanker carry? https://onlineconversion.vbull...
      About 147,980 barrels.

      1 barrel = 42 US gallons.

      300 gallons a day = 109500 gallons a year = 2607 barrels a year

      So, a 20,000 DWT tanker can supply over 56 years worth of fuel to that island.
      If those batteries should be good for close to a decade, they would have replaced them 5 times before they need another fuel shipment, and that's not counting maintenance and parts for that install.

      FWIW, I support the move to solar, especially for this island, but the fuel doesn't HAVE to be shipped in regularly. They could build a large storage facility and ship it in in bulk once a decade or so.

    7. Re:Cost? by Pascoea · · Score: 1

      You forgot the solar panels in your cost. That may skew the numbers a hair in the other direction.

    8. Re:Cost? by the_other_chewey · · Score: 5, Informative

      Diesel usually cannot be stored for longer than one or two years:
      Diesel bug is a thing.

      That's actually another reason for regular generator tests in backup facilities:
      It frees up storage volume that can be filled with fresher fuel.

    9. Re:Cost? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      I don't have any direct info on Ta'u but similar sized islands have fuel delivered regularly via truck via ferry. Similar to how gas stations get fuel in the us by tanker semi trucks. The only difference being that trucks come over on a ferry boat. If you have been on a small for any length of time you know that they can regularly run low on fuel causing gas lines and worse. Not sure why they don't invest in a large tank system to hold them over.

    10. Re:Cost? by skids · · Score: 2

      Well, given the solar array is 1.4Mw and the 6M of batteries have "3 days" emergency runtime, their usual daily depth of discharge is likely to be well under 40%.

    11. Re:Cost? by TapeCutter · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It's a small island community, building a deep water port and the associated fuel storage/distribution infrastructure just so you can "buy in bulk" is economic insanity.

      --
      And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
    12. Re:Cost? by bigwheel · · Score: 1

      Grabbing the back of napkin...

      In October, wholesale solar started selling the brand new 14KWH powerwall2 for $5,550. http://www.wholesalesolar.com/... $5550/14KWH = $396/KWH

      According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... The Powerwall has a lifespan of 1000-1500 cycles.

      So, assuming 1500, that makes the amortized raw cost of storage = $396/1500 = 26 cents per KWH.

      The going rate for uninstalled solar panels is about $2/peak watt. If we figure 80% efficiency, 6 peak equiv hours/day in sunny Samoa, 25 year lifespan, then that watt of solar cells nets just under 44KWH. So $2/44 = adds another 4.5 cents per KWH raw cost for the panels (I'm not accounting for the planned 20% degradation over those 25 years)

      So, that's about 30.5 cents/KWH for the raw equipment, not including wiring or racking. It also does not include the electronics needed to get DC panel power to the AC powerwall. (or vice-versa, the cost of an inverter if it is DC all the way) Also not including installation or maintenance costs, wiping off bird poop, or the cost of keeping the backup generators in good working order. It also does not include the cost of mishaps (hurricane, sand damage, broken wires, etc). I lost two panels in a recent hail storm, but those were old panels. The newer generation of panels are built to handle baseball-sized hail.

      Installed cost per watt for solar adds about 50%. So, this brings it up to about 45 cents per KWH (not including maintenance or back-up capability).

      So, this might be cost-effective, but only if they are paying a very high price for diesel generated power.

    13. Re:Cost? by R3d+M3rcury · · Score: 5, Informative

      Keep in mind, also, that you need a harbor that can support a 20,000 DWT tanker.

    14. Re:Cost? by Immerman · · Score: 2

      https://www.google.com/maps/pl...

      It's an island near the far tip of the island chain extending north-east from Australia, roughly midway between New Zealand and Hawai'i, about 2000 miles from either, and over 60 miles from the bulk of American Samoa, with no obvious intervening islands aside from it's nearby sister island . Looks to be about as close to living in the middle of the open ocean as you can get, and as such I'm guessing ferries aren't the preferred method of transportation, especially carrying when transporting toxic and explosive payloads.

      That remoteness would no doubt serve to make solar *extremely* attractive.

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    15. Re:Cost? by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Um, the PowerWall, like all batteries, is DC. Pretty sure an AC battery is physically impossible. As such, if the PowerWall delivers AC, then it means it has an integrated inverter already. And while I seem to remember them being useful as battery backups on their own (implying charging from AC), it seems extremely unlikely that they would not also have the ability to accept DC power directly, saving the losses of and expense of inverting and immediately rectifying the output from the panels.

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    16. Re:Cost? by Mean+Variance · · Score: 1

      I'll see your remote T'au and raise you a Tristan da Cunha.

      https://goo.gl/maps/3jXGSyvzqr...

    17. Re:Cost? by guruevi · · Score: 1

      Wholesale diesel costs about $1.5/gallon. A day of diesel for the island thus costs ~$450/day, with shipping and storage probably about 20k/year. A set of generators for 1.5MW probably costs about 500k, and the same in maintenance over 10 years especially in a remote area. So you're talking about at the high end (with land, storage, regulatory and fuel cost increases) $1.5M investment once all is said and done.

      Solar currently costs about $1/W. 1.5MW is thus about $1.5M and lasts 20 years with a lot less maintenance. So the investment is kind of steep if you've been able to stagger the costs across a number of generators but saves in the really long run >10 year.

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    18. Re:Cost? by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2

      The going rate for uninstalled solar panels is about $2/peak watt.

      Where? When? That's a little bit too much for the hardware. Also, you seem to be counting with all power going through the batteries. That probably unrealistic; a significant portion will be directly consumed.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    19. Re:Cost? by losfromla · · Score: 1

      Did you actually math this out?

      --
      Only I can judge you.
    20. Re:Cost? by dave420 · · Score: 1

      You are ignoring the costs of maintaining the diesel generators, storage tanks, piping, etc.

    21. Re:Cost? by bigwheel · · Score: 2

      The link I posted says "and comes with an integrated inverter". This is what they call "AC Coupled", rather than "DC Coupled". In other words, this is designed for a system that adds batteries to a grid-based system. AC current is generated either at the panels (via microinverters) or using a string inverter that connects the panels to directly to the grid. The "battery" is an add-on that consists of cells, plus a charger and an inverter. When viewed as a black box, the "battery" is AC.

      In traditional DC Coupled systems, DC is sent from the solar panels to a (DC) battery bank. Then on the other side, an inverter connects the battery bank to the AC circuits or grid.

    22. Re:Cost? by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      45 cents is well below what electricity costs on many much larger islands. According to Wikipedia it's about what it costs in Jamaica.

    23. Re:Cost? by bigwheel · · Score: 1

      I hadn't looked at prices lately. Seems that they are going for about $1/watt now for name brand panels with frames.

      Still, as I showed in my arithmetic, the price of the raw panels is only about 10% of the cost. So, even if the cost of panels fell to zero, it wouldn't make a drastic difference in overall system cost. The necessary racks, wiring, concrete footings, labor, and maintenance are the significant factors.

    24. Re: Cost? by MachineShedFred · · Score: 1

      Because diesel is totally shelf-stable and can be used 50 years later, right?

      No wait, it goes bad just like any other liquid fuel that sits around for long periods of time.

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    25. Re: Cost? by MachineShedFred · · Score: 1

      The Powerwall and Powerpack are completely different products. Powerwall = residential and small commercial, Powerpack = industrial and grid-scale battery storage.

      https://www.tesla.com/powerpac...

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    26. Re:Cost? by ThosLives · · Score: 1

      But you likely don't have that $12M cash in hand, so you're going to finance. Can you finance at a rate low enough to have less than $2M in interest over 30 years? If not, that $14M is probably less expensive than the $12M "sticker price" for the solar system.

      You could probably include cost of extra health issues due to diesel particulates in there, but it's unclear exactly how much that would be in a population as small as discussed here, and it's also unclear if those costs would be taken out of the system or just funneled somewhere else. To be fair you'd also have to include the cost of the lost use of the extra land area required by the solar versus the diesel.

      The hard part is most of that is guessing: rate of fuel cost increase, amount of benefit due to reduced pollution, opportunity cost of land, etc.

      --
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    27. Re:Cost? by Thelasko · · Score: 1

      Don't forget the shipping cost of those 300 gallons of diesel per day, the maintenance and parts required for the generators, etc.

      300 gallons of diesel per day isn't very much. That's about the fuel consumption of two semi trucks. Maybe 300kW by my math. Assuming 3kw per house, that's 100 houses. Makes sense since TFA says there are only 600 residents.

      When I went to the Saint Thomas, they had two EMD 645 engines sitting near the dock. The two of those could likely burn through 300 gallons of diesel in an hour.

      Gotta start somewhere...

      --
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    28. Re:Cost? by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

      Panels are around $0.5-$0.6/W at the moment.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    29. Re:Cost? by unrtst · · Score: 1

      The post I replied to claimed, "Fuel has to be shipped-in regularly, probably bi-weekly or monthly, while the batteries should be good for closer to a decade".

      If the smallest tanker carries enough for 56 years of use on that island, then they certainly don't need a bi-weekly shipment.

      Other posts quoted prices for the batteries based on real world numbers from recent Telsa installs. The were VERY expensive, and would need replaced within 10 years.
      I don't know where the break-even is, but people comparing it to bi-weekly shipments of fuel are being silly on the other side of the equation. They'll need infrastructure either way, and maintenance either way, and regular (yearly) shipments of stuff either way. I like solar, but the battery prospect for nightly usage isn't quite competitive yet.

    30. Re:Cost? by Coren22 · · Score: 1

      Can I raise you Acidalia Plainitia? It is even more remote, and I hear driving around there is pretty rough. There was a documentary about the difficulties of living there recently.

      http://www.imdb.com/title/tt36...

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  3. Installation cost? by SuperKendall · · Score: 1

    The summary is I think a bit misleading in saying how expensive the fuel is, while not giving any figures for how much the solar panels plus battery cost... I would love to know how much diesel all of that money could buy...

    That said there are a lot of fantastic benefits of being totally independent for energy and not having to rely on fuel shipments and being immune to price fluctuations, so you can't just look at the monetary cost and say it's not worth doing.

    --
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    1. Re:Installation cost? by ledow · · Score: 1

      https://www.tesla.com/powerpac...

      It tops if you do certain things but at 2000 KW for 3 hours (should be 6 MW hours of total storage?):

      Roughly $2,751,100.

    2. Re:Installation cost? by ledow · · Score: 3, Informative

      At $2.50 a gallon (seems to be current US price?), 300 gallons a day costs $750.

      Which means that THE BATTERY for that system that runs for 3 days only without solar would cost the equivalent of 10 years of diesel.

      Sure, there's a lot of losses, shipping, conversion, other equipment on the diesel side, but there's also a lot of solar etc. required on the Tesla side that's unaccounted for above. And it would take 10 years to break even just on the battery storage alone, let alone the solar + battery.

      Sure, it's not linked to oil prices, but it's still only just verging on "viable" assuming nothing ever goes wrong. Same as every "green" project I've ever done the numbers for.

    3. Re:Installation cost? by Fire_Wraith · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You're thinking of the US cost. That's going to be a lot different on an island like this in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Take that $2.50 per gallon, and multiply it by the cost of shipping to Samoa. At an offhand guess, you're talking anywhere from 5 to 10 times as expensive.

    4. Re:Installation cost? by amicusNYCL · · Score: 1

      At $2.50 a gallon (seems to be current US price?), 300 gallons a day costs $750.

      If you're buying it at a pump in the US, sure. If you have to load it onto a plane and send it to the easternmost volcanic island in the Samoa chain, it's going to be a touch more expensive. In Hawaii, for example, (which contains major air and sea infrastructure), diesel is over $4 per gallon. American Samoa is about 2600 miles from Hawaii, or 1800 miles from New Zealand. A chartered flight to the airport on this island from the capital of American Samoa is about $4,400 (obviously, not including the cost of getting the fuel to Pago Pago first). The runway is only 3200 ft / 975 m, so you can't exactly land a C-5 there. In fact that runway is less than half the length required for a Boeing 707. This is the kind of plane that could use that runway, with a maximum cargo capacity of around 8,000 lbs, or about 4200 gallons of diesel, or enough for 2 weeks of power generation. So they need a flight every 2 weeks at least carrying around 4200 gallons of fuel at a time for whatever cost they can get the fuel (probably over $4 per gallon), plus the cost of the flights. That's 26 flights per year. Anyway, the cost of the batteries is definitely less than 10 years of fuel flights, in fact it's probably closer to 3 to 5 years. That's the return on investment (plus the cost of the panels and associated writing and maintenance).

      I guess they could also get fuel by boat rather than plane, although the island's 2 boat harbors look like this and this, so they aren't exactly docking a supertanker there.

      --
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    5. Re:Installation cost? by Kinematics · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Diesel cost in Samoa as of last July (quick Google check) was $2.06 to $2.28 per liter. That's between $7.80 and $8.63 per gallon. Call it $8.00. 300 gallons per day, 365 days per year, gives an annual cost of roughly $876,000. A $2.75 million battery cost would be paid for in saved fuel costs in a little over 3 years.

      Still have to figure in the solar panel costs. It's a 1.4 MW microgrid. Current Google response on solar panel costs is $3.57 per watt. There's federal compensation for solar installations (~30%), but I have no idea whether they'd be able to get any funding/credit for that, given that it's not a home installation. So going with the $3.57 value, 1.4 million watts would cost $4,998,000.

      Total cost is thus $7.75 million. Figure maintenance costs balance out with the diesel setup (less to break, more expensive per break), so no real effect there.

      Total buyback cost in terms of diesel fuel would thus be slightly under 9 years, not counting inflation or continued increases in fuel prices. Allowing for cost fluctuations, you could then say that the entire solar grid plus batteries should for itself within 10 years, which is a pretty decent rate. As long as the replacement time is significantly above that, it's a good deal.

    6. Re: Installation cost? by joh · · Score: 1

      These metals still are much more abundant than fossile fuels.

    7. Re:Installation cost? by skids · · Score: 1

      OIA expects direct cost savings in avoided diesel fuel is about $238,000 per year and the project began last year.

      But, TFA says the batteries are 6MWh not 600KWh, which does not match a 10KWh x 60 figure. This must be the 100KWh powerwall... so have to go find the price for that. Though, at a remote location it will be higher installed, and best to find the total project cost from govt docs.

    8. Re:Installation cost? by necro81 · · Score: 1

      The cost of electricity on a remote island is very different than just the cost of the fuel on the mainland. You have neglected the cost of getting the fuel there and the cost-of-ownership for the diesel generators.

      Another approach to costing this system out, since sadly the article itself gives no numbers, is to consider the retail cost of the electricity. A handy comparison is Hawaii - another island location that, until recently anyway, generated almost all of its electricity from diesel shipped from the mainland. In Hawaii, the typical household electric rate is $0.33/kWh, or about $330/MWh. The array is 1.4 MW. Let's say that it has a capacity factor of 25% (i.e., in a 24-hr day, one could expect a total output of 1.4 MW * 24 h * 0.25 = 8.4 MWh). Over one year that's about 12,000 MWh of electricity, which would have a retail value of $4 million.

      These days the cost of a large grid-tied PV system is about $2/W. Installation on Ta'u is undoubtedly more expensive, so let's roughly triple that price to $6/W. By that estimate. the panel array would have cost $8.5 million to install. The Tesla Powerpack costs about $250/kWh. Again, installation on a remote island costs more, so let's double it to $500/kWh. Their system has 6,000 kWh, representing a cost of $3 million.

      By these estimates, their system cost was $11.5 million. Rated against the electricity cost, the breakeven period is just a few years. Maybe I'm off in my estimates here or there by a factor of, say, 2. But even under worst-case assumptions, I would hazard that the total cost over 20 years is lower with PV than diesel, and with far fewer long-term risks.

    9. Re:Installation cost? by Kinematics · · Score: 1

      Well, then apparently the local newspaper (http://www.samoaobserver.ws/en/01_07_2016/local/8109/Fuel-prices-increase-for-July.htm) needs better editors.

    10. Re:Installation cost? by glenebob · · Score: 2

      Solar panels can be had for closer to 50 cents per watt these days. The cost you found is average installed cost on a house roof. The cost should be substantially less for a grid scale installation.

    11. Re:Installation cost? by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

      I don't know what the situation is there, but boat-to-shore pipelines do exist. Or, they could use shuttle boats. The idea of flying in fuel for routine use, to a Pacific Island, is just funny.

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    12. Re:Installation cost? by idji · · Score: 1

      you are also not considering the irregular arrival of ships for the diesel, and the effort of deshipping and handling the diesel. All of this completely disappears.

    13. Re:Installation cost? by Mr+D+from+63 · · Score: 1

      That is not retail price, does not include taxes, fees, or any other local markups, and its also for gas, not diesel. There is a diesel price which shows only slightly higher. But it is a spot price and prices are historically low right now.

    14. Re:Installation cost? by rogoshen1 · · Score: 1

      Well, there's a reason they're doing this kind of trial/test run on this island. Of course it won't immediately be at maximum efficiency, but that's why things like this are done. To learn how to do it better in the future.

      Give Tesla a few years of practice at these sorts of deployments, allow for greater economies of scale, and the costs will go down dramatically.

      What you're saying is essentially akin to claiming passenger air traffic is impossible, based upon the results at kitty hawk.

    15. Re:Installation cost? by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

      Stationary storage batteries are not "your typical lithium batteries".

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    16. Re:Installation cost? by mspohr · · Score: 2

      The Radio NZ article says the cost of the project was US$ 8 million.

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    17. Re:Installation cost? by necro81 · · Score: 2

      Always reassuring to know that the back of the envelope got pretty close.

    18. Re:Installation cost? by Enigma2175 · · Score: 1

      with a maximum cargo capacity of around 8,000 lbs, or about 4200 gallons of diesel, or enough for 2 weeks of power generation.

      Actually, diesel weighs about 7.1 lbs/gallon so you can only carry ~1100 gallons.

      --

      Enigma

    19. Re:Installation cost? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      aaaand you might need to learn the difference between American Samoa and 'Samoa', which used to be called Western Samoa. The price in litres really should have given it away.

    20. Re:Installation cost? by snadrus · · Score: 1

      Other dimensions than today's price:
      - Inflation: What will Diesel cost in 10 years?
      - Politics: Will there be a consistent political climate to allow diesel to arrive from somewhere?
      - Availability: We could run out of oil one day. Reliable energy seems smart.

      --
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    21. Re:Installation cost? by Gussington · · Score: 1

      And it would take 10 years to break even just on the battery storage alone, let alone the solar + battery.

      So years 11+ are free? Where do I buy one?

      Sure, it's not linked to oil prices, but it's still only just verging on "viable" assuming nothing ever goes wrong. Same as every "green" project I've ever done the numbers for.

      Trajectory is just as important as position. Solar/Battery are getting cheaper every year. So if it's barely viable now it would follow that it will be absolutely viable soon, and really really viable later on? And we shouldn't bother because why exactly?

    22. Re:Installation cost? by losfromla · · Score: 2

      So years 11+ are free? Where do I buy one?

      Call Solar City, tell them I sent you, we both get a free month and I get $100

      --
      Only I can judge you.
    23. Re: Installation cost? by MachineShedFred · · Score: 1

      Powerwall != Powerpack.

      https://www.tesla.com/powerpac...

      Two different products. One could run your refrigerator in a power outage. The other runs an 18 story office building.

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  4. Mold by marklark · · Score: 5, Interesting

    While the idea of a sunny Pacific island may seem like an easy and ideal place for solar power, this may not be the case.

    When I worked for NOAA, I heard wild stories about how the molds in Samoa would destroy our scientific instruments. They would even eat glass... This should prove an interesting and challenging situation.

    1. Re:Mold by hjf · · Score: 1

      Fungus regularly eats camera lens glass. It sounds like exotic tropical island stuff, but it happens in closets all over the world, where grandpa's camera is rotting away.

    2. Re:Mold by SubtleGuest · · Score: 3, Interesting

      It isn't eating the glass it is eating the coating on it. No organism eats glass as an energy source.

    3. Re:Mold by dwywit · · Score: 3, Interesting

      It doesn't "eat" it. The fungus grows between lens elements. It seems to like the glue. Lost a nice Nikkor 200mm lens that way. It's fixable, but not economic to do so.

      The PV frames would (unless pre-emptively treated) corrode in the salty, damp air, but as they sit in harsh sunlight for extended periods, I think fungus would be somewhat down on the list of problems. Salty air can kill domestic computers inside 1 year, so junction boxes, blocking diodes, micro-inverters, etc would all have to be treated with sealant before installation. Same with all the controller circuitry, chargers, inverters, etc.

      Today's price of diesel in Brisbane - AUD$1.13/litre
      300 litres/day x 365 days = AUD$123,735.00 per annum
      Transport and maintenance of fuel and gensets = ?

      The payback period needs to be shorter than the Panel/battery system's expected lifespan, but as someone else has pointed out, there are benefits other than economic.

      --
      They sentenced me to twenty years of boredom
    4. Re:Mold by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      It isn't eating the glass it is eating the coating on it. No organism eats glass as an energy source.

      https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/09/010928070246.htm

    5. Re:Mold by marklark · · Score: 1

      You haven't been to Samoa. Heat, humidity, molds, time -- a very effective destroyer of hardware (even glass). See the AC's link for something similar...

    6. Re:Mold by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

      Well, maybe you can't.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
  5. This is how I wish we'd fix out broken economy by rsilvergun · · Score: 1

    massive solar plants combined with massive desalination plants. Sadly it looks like it's just time for more tickle down economics. I'm really not looking forward to all the money that's about to get repatriated. There was an article on cnn with a whole mess of CEOs salivating over all the Mergers and Acquisitions they're gonna do. I wouldn't care if ever round of M&A didn't end in massive layoffs...

    --
    Hi! I make Firefox Plug-ins. Check 'em out @ https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/youtube-mp3-podcaster/
    1. Re:This is how I wish we'd fix out broken economy by jonwil · · Score: 1

      Trump said he would oppose the merger of AT&T and Warner Bros which sounds like he isn't exactly going to be conducive to a while bunch of anti-competitive mergers...

  6. Re:The military supports solar by ledow · · Score: 1

    "We don't know who struck first, but we know it was us that scorched the skies..."

  7. and you beleive what he said by AF_Cheddar_Head · · Score: 1

    He has already backed off prosecuting Hillary, how many more statements will he back off of?

    1. Re:and you beleive what he said by MightyMartian · · Score: 1

      He's even waffling on the Paris deal, so it's quite possible that many of the people that supported him may find he's not as keen to fulfill all his campaign promises as they hoped.

      --
      The world's burning. Moped Jesus spotted on I50. Details at 11.
    2. Re:and you beleive what he said by unixisc · · Score: 1

      He has only said that it's not on the top of his priority list, he didn't say that he'd block any investigation. If Jason Chaffitz asks him for a Special Prosecutor, he may likely get it.

    3. Re:and you beleive what he said by MightyMartian · · Score: 1

      I think we all know there is little to no likelihood of Clinton being investigated, much as there isn't going to be a wall or a Muslim registry.

      --
      The world's burning. Moped Jesus spotted on I50. Details at 11.
    4. Re:and you beleive what he said by MightyMartian · · Score: 3, Funny

      He has altered the deal. Pray he does not alter it further.

      --
      The world's burning. Moped Jesus spotted on I50. Details at 11.
    5. Re:and you beleive what he said by Jeremi · · Score: 1

      I think that if there is one thing everyone should have learned from the 2016 election, it's that the words that are heard coming out of Trump's mouth on any given day N are no indication of what his words or behavior will be on day N+1 or later.

      You might as well listen to a white noise stream; there's an equal amount of useful information present, and it's a lot more soothing.

      --


      I don't care if it's 90,000 hectares. That lake was not my doing.
    6. Re:and you beleive what he said by necro81 · · Score: 2

      He has altered the deal. Pray he does not alter it further.

      My kingdom for some mod points!

    7. Re:and you beleive what he said by Taxman415a · · Score: 1

      I think that if there is one thing everyone should have learned from the 2016 election, it's that the words that are heard coming out of Trump's mouth on any given day N are no indication of what his words or behavior will be on day N+1 or later.

      In most cases a politician doing that would be considered a bad thing. In his case it's more of a relief.

  8. Supervillain's lair? by TWX · · Score: 1

    Now all he needs is a monocle.

    --
    Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
    1. Re:Supervillain's lair? by Fire_Wraith · · Score: 1

      Don't forget about his plan to nuke the Martian polar ice caps:
      http://www.theverge.com/2015/1...

      For a while after that, he changed his twitter picture to that of him holding a long-haired white cat, so at least he has a sense of humor about it... well, that or he really is one:

      "Do you expect me to talk, Elon?"
      "No, Mister Bond, I expect you to buy my electric car."

    2. Re:Supervillain's lair? by TWX · · Score: 1

      Not only was he holding a long-haired white cat (I don't think it was a real cat by the way) he was wearing a captain's jacket and standing inside of a private jet's passenger compartment.

      --
      Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
  9. Re:And how long... by TWX · · Score: 1

    A couple of containers full of batteries every decade or so is a lot cheaper than shipping-in large quantities of fossil fuels.

    --
    Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
  10. Perfect Proof of Concept by powerlord · · Score: 5, Interesting

    This is the perfect proof of concept that Musk is aligning all the pieces needed for Mars Base 1.

    SolarCity for the energy collection
    Tesla for the storage and local transportation
    SpaceX for the "long haul" to/from Mars, as an umbrella for the expedition and for the environmental pieces (habitat design, space suits).

    --
    This space for rent. All reasonable inquiries will be entertained at proprietors discretion.
    1. Re:Perfect Proof of Concept by avandesande · · Score: 1

      Maybe he cherry-picked a scenario where his products are actually profitable?

      --
      love is just extroverted narcissism
  11. Context by chispito · · Score: 1

    Since not all "entire islands" are created equal, I used Wikipedia so you do not have to.

    "The land area of Tau Island is 44.31 square kilometers (17.11 sq mi) and it had a population of 873 persons as of the 2000 census.

    --
    The Daddy casts sleep on the Baby. The Baby resists!
  12. Re:And how long... by skids · · Score: 2

    Betting on the price of replacement batteries going down is probably as safe or a safer bet than betting on the price of fossil fuel to remain stable over an entire decade.

  13. Why not wind? by tomhath · · Score: 2

    That part of the world has very reliable trade winds. One wind turbine could generate several times as much power and would probably cost much less.

    1. Re:Why not wind? by tomhath · · Score: 1

      I'd keep the diesel generators for the main backup, cheaper and a better solution when you need to take the other system down for more than a couple of days. They probably did keep it anyway.

    2. Re:Why not wind? by Socguy · · Score: 1

      They won't ever need to take 'the other system' down. It's modular. You can swap components out on the fly. One of the reasons they ditched the diesel was that it was too unreliable. Batteries are the backup now, 3 days worth of backup in fact. Integrating wind into the system would undoubtedly make it incredibly robust, but would be crazy overkill.

    3. Re:Why not wind? by dwywit · · Score: 1

      It's the crazy gusts you get with cyclones that are the problem, but you're right about wind power generally in those 'trade winds' locations.

      --
      They sentenced me to twenty years of boredom
    4. Re:Why not wind? by dwywit · · Score: 1

      Yeah, you'll always need them for backup, e.g. when a cyclone destroys some of your solar/battery infrastructure. Trouble is, diesel gensets become less reliable (i.e. need more maintenance) the less they are used. You have to run them at high/max load for a while every week to keep them in shape. Ditto with the fuel. You can't just leave it there unused and expect it to work. Petrol and diesel go "off" after a few months - so you're going to have to rotate stock, so to speak - which means continuing to ship in batches of fresh diesel from time to time.

      --
      They sentenced me to twenty years of boredom
  14. Re:And how long... by vell0cet · · Score: 1

    And don't forget that battery power (and solar cells) are getting better/cheaper all the time.

    I don't know that diesel engines are getting more efficient. If they are, they're coming to the end of their efficiency curve while solar and batteries are just getting started.

  15. Re:"Solar eliminates the pollution, of course" by bfpierce · · Score: 2

    Longer than the barrels of diesel fuel anyways.

  16. Re:Sure by hyades1 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    All of which, added up, is no more than a small fraction of the environmental cost of pumping, transporting, refining, flying in and then burning all that diesel.

    If there is an award for the comment that best embodies the slack-jawed, drooling idiocy of the neo-conservative right, surely it should be won by the one above.

    --
    I've calculated my velocity with such exquisite precision that I have no idea where I am.
  17. Re:Sure by haruchai · · Score: 2

    > Solar eliminates the pollution, of course

    Except for the pollution from mining the rare earth metals, and the whole solar manufacturing process.

    What "rare earth" metals would that be? Solar cells are silicon

    --
    Pain is merely failure leaving the body
  18. Re:Thank Panasonic by haruchai · · Score: 1

    You should be thanking Panasonic as Tesla are just their salesmen, even their GigaFactory is paid for with Panasonic cash.

    basically SolarCity make stickers and have a bunch of contractors to fit them on the roof, maybe the contractors should just skip the "innovative" middle men and buy them direct, you know, cut out the inefficiencies and all that..

    I guess you've been buying your cars from Magna Steyr or Karmann Mobil?

    --
    Pain is merely failure leaving the body
  19. Re:Relief by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

    Islands are ideal places to test small energy sources, because islands as large as Hawai'i are 'off the grid' and are often run entirely on diesel.

    A geothermal plant is on my itinerary in Iceland.

  20. Solar makes sense in remote areas by ghoul · · Score: 1

    In remote areas where there is no existing grid infrastructure Solar is already cost competitive. Many parts of India which are off the grid are running on a mix of Solar and Biogas plants(basically farm waste and cow shit in a sealed tank with a pipe to draw out the methane). An Island where fuel needs to be shipped in is ideal for Solar and wind as it gets rid of the uncertainty of the fuel ship being delayed by a storm. However the locals need to be trained to fix the solar panels and batteries themselves (as in swap in replacements) and enough replacemnts need to be kept on the island otherwise you are swapping one set of dependencies for another.
    Interestingly renewables may have a brighter future in areas which are fast industrializing like China and India than in already industrialized nations like USA. In the newly industrializing countries there are fewer sunk costs in an infratructure based on fossil fuels so there is less resistance to leapfrogging fossil fuels and going directly to renewables. Its like how India had mobile phones take off blindingly fast because the fixed line infrastructure was way underdeveloped while USA is still behind in mobile commerce or mobile payments (Apple Pay is 1990s technology from Japan but seems so futuristic int he US)
    As India and China are both industrializing and need huge amounts of power they are not going to choose between clean coal, gas and renewables. They are going to develop everything at full speed and in certain areas solar is going to win based upon the local geography. This means their is a clear cut future for solar which is not dependent on subsidies making it cheaper than conventioanl power plants. China is already the world leader in Solar panels and India's Suzlon is one of the world leaders in Wind Turbines.
    While Global Warming may or may not be a bad thing;( Russians and Canadians would definitely welcome a warmer world); the move to renewables still makes sense for a country like India which has little oil and imports most of it. In fact if not for Oil and Gold imports India has a positive balance of trade with the world.

    --
    **Life is too short to be serious**
  21. Elsewhere by Gonoff · · Score: 2

    Orkney, a group of islands of the north coast of the UK is apparently now self sufficient in electricity from wind turbines. Yes we still have a diesel fired power station in case of problems and an undersea link to the UK national grid.

    This is the future - solar, wind, whatever, not filthy fossil power pushed by some bad tempered businessman with dodgy hair.

    --
    I'll see your Constitution and raise you a Queen.
  22. Re:Sure by OverlordQ · · Score: 1

    Cadmium, Indium, Tellurium

    --
    Your hair look like poop, Bob! - Wanker.
  23. T'au use solar FOR THE GREATER GOOD! by ihaveamo · · Score: 1

    Filthy Space marines wouldn't. They would have been brainwashed into beliving in "clean coal" or some other such nonsense.

  24. Meh. by PPH · · Score: 1

    Another evil genius builds a secret lair on an island under a volcano.

    --
    Have gnu, will travel.
  25. Re:And how long... by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1

    The best solar cells are now 46% efficient. Call me when that's been tripled.

    --
    Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
  26. Re:Still have the gens sets as backup by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Even on cloudy days they produce SOME electricity. Not nearly as much as on sunny days, but some.

  27. Re:Sure by glenebob · · Score: 1

    We're practically out of silicon. It's even more scarce than oxygen!

  28. Chemistry lesson for "nerds" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    "Rare earth" means a specific set of chemical elements, not just whatever you think sounds exotic.

    Specifically:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare_earth_element

    None of the elements you named are "rare earths." "Rare earths", also known as "lanthanides" (this is undoubtedly a better name for them anyway) are used mostly in high strength MAGNETS, not solar cells.

    Jesus, is there anyone with a science education on this website anymore?

  29. Re:And how long... by DarkVader · · Score: 1

    That's better than a diesel engine at 45%. And the fuel costs you nothing.

  30. Re:And how long... by DarkVader · · Score: 1

    Also, you want a solar panel that's 138% efficient?

    When you find any energy source that's 138% efficient, you'll be the wealthiest person in the world. Also, you'll have disproven physics.

  31. Re:Tesla Runs an Entire Island by Jeremi · · Score: 5, Insightful

    It'd be a real shame if Ta'u can't keep up the payments to Solar City and their power controllers all stopped working at the same time.

    As opposed to the regular diesel shipments, which would definitely continue to arrive whether any payments were made or not?

    --


    I don't care if it's 90,000 hectares. That lake was not my doing.
  32. Re:Sure by haruchai · · Score: 1

    Good news is they're found together; just have to go through the trouble of separating them from all that sand

    --
    Pain is merely failure leaving the body
  33. Re:Still have the gens sets as backup by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

    Everything needs backups. Everything.

    --
    Ezekiel 23:20
  34. Re:And how long... by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

    The Red Herring Man strikes again!

    --
    Ezekiel 23:20
  35. Re:Sure by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2

    1) none of those are rare earth metals, and even if they were, 2) none of those are required for PV technology anyway.

    --
    Ezekiel 23:20
  36. Re:Still have the gens sets as backup by rtb61 · · Score: 2

    So the back up for solar is properly managed sewerage, as in a methane farm and you store that methane, compressed (using solar power), to power gas turbine generators when needed and produce hot water, for direct local use (care needs to be taken where the plant is to be located).

    --
    Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
  37. Re:Relief by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    The best place to try this are Islands between the 55 parallel and the equator. Eg, Alaska, BC, Washington, Florida. But northern Islands will never have enough solar days to make it worthwhile. Northern Alaska is a fun exception. Alaska either gets "no sunrise" or "no sunset" days, so it might work for half the year, thus justifying the installation but the other half of the year it's business as usual.

    What Tesla should do, is roll this out on Vancouver Island, because it's in just the perfect place, and large enough to justify the installation and it's an Island that isn't self-sufficient (eg an earthquake can knock the island off the power grid permanently)

  38. 60 Powerwalls? by yogibeaty · · Score: 1

    So each Powerball is 100kWhs? When did Tesla start making city sized storage units?

  39. Re:here's my guestimate of cost by losfromla · · Score: 1

    That's the option I'm going with, financing them rather than leasing them.

    --
    Only I can judge you.
  40. Re:Still have the gens sets as backup by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

    That's not really true; it's an N+M situation.

    --
    Ezekiel 23:20
  41. Re:Tesla Runs an Entire Island by bluegutang · · Score: 1

    Well, you know, cargo cult. Show up at the dock and ships are almost guaranteed to come.

  42. Who cares by kuzb · · Score: 1

    If you look at energy consumption in states like California, the demand hits well over a quarter million gigawatt/hours. This demand is only going up, not down. Elon is doing what Elon does best - proving that it only works on a very small scale.

    --
    BeauHD. Worst editor since kdawson.
  43. Re:And how long... by laing · · Score: 1

    Only the quad junction gallium arsenide cells are that efficient, and only when solar concentrators are used. Those cells are only used on satellites because they cost over 100 times more than mono/poly crystalline silicon cells. Amorphous cells are very cheap, but do not approach the efficiency of silicon. Also, none of these technologies will last indefinitely. Photodegradation will eventually degrade or destroy any existing solar cell technology.