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New Research Suggests the Appendix Has a Purpose After All (qz.com)

The appendix is an organ thought to have gone the way of our wisdom teeth and body hair: At one point we all needed them, now people can get by just fine without them. However, it turns out, at least the appendix has some purpose in the body. From a report: Scientists, though, have never been certain what the appendix used to do -- and if it is still, in fact, useless. On Jan. 9, a team of researchers led by scientists at Midwestern University Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine published a review study proposing an answer: the appendix is a secondary immune function that both catalyzes immune cell responses and floods your gut with beneficial bacteria when they've been depleted. And it still plays that role, in a limited fashion, in human body function."We can function okay without it, but the appendix does provide some degree of immunity and beneficial bacteria,â Heather Smith, an anatomist and lead author of the paper said.

62 of 133 comments (clear)

  1. "News" by ledow · · Score: 5, Informative

    Not news.

    The appendix has MANY subtle jobs rather than one obvious one, that's why you can do without it.

    I've been telling people for 20+ years after reading it online that the appendix is PARTLY a store of stomach bacteria etc. to help reseed the stomach in the case of it being flushed during illness.

    People with appendices recover better from a bout of stomach flu and are less likely to get knock-on infections that those without. It's been in the medical literature for decades, at least, and been on this site at least twice I'm sure.

    It's also not the appendix's only job.

    This is not "news" at all.

    1. Re:"News" by ledow · · Score: 4, Informative

      Yep. Wikipedia has citations going back to 1989 for that.

    2. Re:"News" by jellomizer · · Score: 2

      Well like a lot of science News it probably is a bad summary of the newest findings. The big thing that happened recently in science is the realization on how integral to our health those bacterias are. So the appendix benefits from this finding shows that it is far more helpful than before.

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    3. Re:"News" by Noishkel · · Score: 1

      Yeah... Mine went out on me some years back. Not to get TOO gross, but I have had lower GI issues ever since.

      Hell, maybe with this knowledge in mind maybe they can treat appendicitis and use a little bit of stem cells to restore a grown replacement.

    4. Re: "News" by econnor · · Score: 1

      see the words "review study" in the article? But, yer, seems like a bit of academic enterprise.

    5. Re:"News" by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 3, Funny

      Your chiro would probably tell you the appendix problem was due to sublaxations and recommended some kind of feely-doo. You would now be dead without the butcher.

      --
      (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
    6. Re:"News" by lord_mike · · Score: 2

      People WITHOUT appendices are also much LESS likely to get Ulcerative Colitis, but much MORE likely to get its cousin, Crohns Disease... which also suggests there is something immune related to the organ. If you get an appendectomy before the age of 20, you are less likely to get either Inflammatory Bowel Disease!!

      http://www.badgut.org/informat...

    7. Re:"News" by someone1234 · · Score: 1

      The topic is selling this information as news, while Wikipedia proves that this was known at least since 1989.

      --
      Patents Drive Free Software as Hurricanes Drive Construction Industry
    8. Re:"News" by michelcolman · · Score: 1

      Well, it's perfectly normal for news from 1989 to appear on Slashdot in 2017, isn't it? You must be new here.

    9. Re:"News" by Big+Hairy+Ian · · Score: 1

      Yep it's also part of the body Endocrine System

      --

      Build a Man a Fire, and He'll Be Warm for a Day. Set a Man on Fire, and He'll Be Warm for the Rest of His Life.

    10. Re:"News" by Wycliffe · · Score: 1

      Not news.

      The appendix has MANY subtle jobs rather than one obvious one, that's why you can do without it.

      It's not just the appendix. A lot of other organs that are thought "unnecessary" have a use. The gallbladder stores bile to help in digestion. The tonsils are designed to get infected first so you build up an immunity and the rest of you doesn't get sick. There is very little in the way of useless organs in the human body. It's interesting that the appendix and tonsils were both probably more useful back before antibiotics and modern hygiene. Today it probably doesn't make much difference but I would guess that back before modern medicine, if you would have actually been able to remove someone's appendix and tonsils safely that you would see their longterm survival rate drop after they were removed.

    11. Re:"News" by T.E.D. · · Score: 3, Funny

      Yep. Wikipedia has citations going back to 1989 for that.

      Sadly most people never notice those citations, because they are down in the Appendix.

    12. Re:"News" by ledow · · Score: 1

      Imagine that wording in quotes, like in your post.

      Of course, this is not a scientific dissertation on the matter. It's a comment on the Internet.

      But this has been known about for decades, and is well-documented.

  2. Shocking. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    You mean to tell me that something attached to other organs, that has blood vessels, that has metabolizing and reproducing cells, that has multiple cell types, that has nerve endings, actually has a purpose? Gee whiz next thing you'll be telling me that the tailbone has no function and we'd be A-OK if instead of something hitting your tailbone it hits the end of your spinal cord directly instead.

    1. Re:Shocking. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Obviously we should stop researching the human body. After all, we've known everything there is to know about everything in it for hundreds of years now, like how the mesentery is a single contiguous organ or the existence of CNS lymphatic vessels or how some people have different ligaments and tendons than other people.

      Boy, if this research thing keeps up, next thing you know, someone might suggest that measuring the shit of Olympic athletes from 100 years ago might not actually be a good way to determine how people digest food.

    2. Re:Shocking. by haruchai · · Score: 1

      Gee whiz next thing you'll be telling me that the tailbone has no function and we'd be A-OK if instead of something hitting your tailbone it hits the end of your spinal cord directly instead

      The spinal cord ends within the 1st two lumbar vetebrae so it's probably at least 6 in from your tailbone

      --
      Pain is merely failure leaving the body
  3. Mystery solved by plopez · · Score: 1

    Now tell me why men have nipples :)

    --
    putting the 'B' in LGBTQ+
    1. Re:Mystery solved by ledow · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Because DNA of anything tends to carry legacies and evolve from previous similar things rather than just invent random stuff. Re-use is a large factor of DNA and it's complexity masks a lot of differences. That's why most diseases are NOT "just one dodgy gene".

      This is why two testicles look similar to two ovaries, and why there's two of each, and why both sexes have pubic hair and anus in the same place, and why the female pelvis - though differing dimensions - isn't fucking octagonal or something.

      And your gender is determined not in some magical early moment but quite late in foetal development, and not cast in stone as you're also surrounded by female hormones until birth.

      More strange is why certain birds have such vastly different coloured/shaped/sized male/females.

    2. Re:Mystery solved by JoeMerchant · · Score: 1

      XX, XY

      Women don't have Y traits, but men do have X traits.

    3. Re:Mystery solved by fahrbot-bot · · Score: 4, Funny

      ... as you're also surrounded by female hormones until birth.

      And the you get married and have a daughter and you're surrounded yet again until... the day... you die.

      [ P.S. I wouldn't have it any other way... ]

      --
      It must have been something you assimilated. . . .
    4. Re:Mystery solved by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

      Some girls find them attractive too. Not enough, though ...

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    5. Re:Mystery solved by JoeMerritt · · Score: 2

      Because women have nipples, and the additional genetic code required to completely remove nipples from males gives no survival benefit.

    6. Re:Mystery solved by aliquis · · Score: 2

      So when is the decision of XX vs XY chromosomes made?

    7. Re:Mystery solved by rwyoder · · Score: 1

      Now tell me why men have nipples :)

      The comedian Gallagher explained this years ago:
      "It's God's way of saying: 'You don't have them, but if you did, they'd be right there!'"

    8. Re:Mystery solved by DarkOx · · Score: 1

      And your gender is determined not in some magical early moment but quite late in foetal development

      Um no, actually gender/sec (hint they are not really different) are determined the moment of conception and depend on what mix of chromosomes you get. Popular variations include X and Y, X and X, but sometimes things like X and X and Y happen.

      Its true that sex differentiated foetal development occurs late, that is to say sex specific structures emerge late.

      --
      Repeal the 17th Amendment TODAY! Also Please Read http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html
    9. Re:Mystery solved by ledow · · Score: 1, Insightful

      If you think XX or XY determine gender alone, you're sadly mistaken.

      There's a geneticist sitting next to me who works in a London hosptial - what would you like to ask her?

    10. Re:Mystery solved by HornWumpus · · Score: 2

      Everybody has two rows of vestigial nipples. The first is easiest to see, looks like a small mole, the rest look like freckles.

      --
      John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'
    11. Re:Mystery solved by Baloroth · · Score: 1

      XX vs XY chromosome (which determines the sex of humans) is determined by which spermatozoa attaches to the egg, and is therefore determined at conception, barring any genetic abnormality (such as Klinefelter syndrome). OP is, for some reason, confusing gender with sex, or possibly both with sexual characteristics, which are not quite the same thing (though all three are very strongly correlated).

      --
      "None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but license." --John Milton
    12. Re:Mystery solved by alvinrod · · Score: 1

      The presence or absence of the Y chromosome (or specifically one very small part of it, the SRY gene) determines biological sex. Gender (the perception of which sex the self should be) is heavily correlated with biological sex, but it appears as though it can deviate from the typical pattern as a result of events during fetal development. Most of the gender-related stuff you see on places like tumblr these days is pure bullshit that has no scientific basis, but transgenderism is something that has been studied and scientists may have identified parts of the brain that are responsible for gender.

    13. Re:Mystery solved by sexconker · · Score: 2

      Not quite. Being beneficial is not what keeps things around. More often, being detrimental is what gets them removed.

      In times of extreme competition, beneficial traits can statistically outweigh the lack of that trait and become commonplace. (The lack of that trait is detrimental when competition is extremely high.)

      But evolution typically results in beneficial traits leading to specialization (literally, a new species), not the destruction of the old species. It's "why we still got monkeys".

      Beneficial traits have to be beneficial enough to be selected for from that start all the way up to successful reproduction for evolution to "choose" the beneficial trait.
      This has to be done to the widespread exclusion of the lack of the trait to make the trait universal across the species / exterminate the old species.

      Alternatively, detrimental traits only have to be selected against once before reproduction (killing the organism), or during all reproduction attempts, for evolution to "choose" to remove it. Even without a widespread beneficial trait in the species putting pressure against the negative trait, other pressures (climate, predation, etc.) and will ensure it gets removed over time.

    14. Re:Mystery solved by DivineKnight · · Score: 1

      "And your gender is determined not in some magical early moment but quite late in foetal development, and not cast in stone as you're also surrounded by female hormones until birth."

      Uh, you are aware that ovaries do produce Testosterone, albeit not as much as testes? What more, Androgens...I've lost your attention.

    15. Re:Mystery solved by plopez · · Score: 1

      They actually help the penis slide back and forth in the vagina.

      --
      putting the 'B' in LGBTQ+
  4. How is this news? by argStyopa · · Score: 5, Informative

    I've read about this role for the appendix for at least 5 years? At LEAST.

    Here's an early article I found on the subject https://blogs.scientificameric... - and if SciAm had it in 2012, it had to be relatively established information, they're not anywhere near cutting-edge reportage.

    And here's a Discover magazine thing saying the same thing in 2008: http://discovermagazine.com/20...

    --
    -Styopa
    1. Re:How is this news? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Because new research is news ?

      Sure, we've known about gravity for a long time, but new research into gravity could be news.

      Not saying there was anything particularly new or interesting about the research, but new research on known topics isn't terrible.

      TL;DR - go fuck yourself all these nerd responses "I already knew that".

  5. always read the appendix by turkeydance · · Score: 4, Funny

    for useful info.

    1. Re:always read the appendix by Godwin+O'Hitler · · Score: 1

      I've seen my appendix in an endoscopy; there was nothing written on it. But next time I'll look harder.

      --
      No, your children are not the special ones. Nor are your pets.
  6. White Blood Cells, part of the Immune System by CrashNBrn · · Score: 5, Informative
    The Appendix: Slimy But Not Worthless (2006)

    The appendix is a slimy, dead-end sac that hangs between the small and large intestines. It's about a half inch in diameter and three inches long. As quickly as 11 weeks after conception, the appendix starts making endocrine cells for the developing fetus. Endocrine cells secrete useful chemicals, such as hormones, and the appendix endocrine cells secrete amines and peptide hormones that help with biological checks and balances as the fetus grows.

    After birth, the appendix mainly helps the body stave off disease by serving as a lymphoid organ. Lymphoid organs, with their lymphoid tissue, make white blood cells and antibodies.

    The appendix, by virtue of its lymphoid tissue, is part of a complicated chain that makes B lymphocytes (one variety of white blood cell) and a class of antibodies known as immunoglobulin A antibodies. The appendix also produces certain chemicals that help direct the white blood cells to the parts of the body where they are needed the most.

    The dirty gut is a good training ground for young white blood cells. The appendix, with its sac routinely collecting and expelling foodstuffs, exposes the white blood cells to myriad bacteria, viruses and drugs passing through the gastrointestinal tract. This way, the white blood cells learn to fight potentially deadly bacteria, such as E.coli.

    The appendix's contribution to the body's white blood cell and antibody production reaches its peak when you are about 20 or 30 years old, then production falls off sharply. By age 60, the appendix serves very little active purpose. ...

    Emphasis mIne.

    1. Re:White Blood Cells, part of the Immune System by Wycliffe · · Score: 1

      It sounds good, but are there any epidemiological studies to show that people after appendicitis die of infections earlier?

      The data would be incomplete. What you really need is the death rate of people who have had their appendix removed and then don't have access to modern antibiotics. The appendix is not near as important today with access to modern medicine.

    2. Re:White Blood Cells, part of the Immune System by Gr8Apes · · Score: 1

      The appendix's contribution to the body's white blood cell and antibody production reaches its peak when you are about 20 or 30 years old, then production falls off sharply. By age 60, the appendix serves very little active purpose. ...

      I think for many, this sentence is probably more important than any other, depending upon if and when you had your appendix removed. Without supporting studies, the most you can surmise is that removal before 20 is bad compared to having one, and after 30 the effects rapidly become less noticeable. At 60, it is irrelevant.

      --
      The cesspool just got a check and balance.
  7. Oi! Manishs! You suck! by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

    You fucked up the quotes again.

    --
    Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  8. Re:American scientists catch up, after decades by Hognoxious · · Score: 2

    That's nothing! Recently slashdot discovered that the moon was created by something banging into the Earth!

    --
    Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  9. Re:NOT NEWS SLASHDOT! by Anne+Thwacks · · Score: 1
    THIS SITE NEEDS NEW MANAGEMENT ASAP!

    No - remember the old story:

    Young bull sees the city boys left the gates open. Says to old bull:

    The city boys have left the gates open again. Lets run down the hill and do a couple of cows.

    Old bull replies. Nope. Lets stroll down the hill and do a whole bunch of them!

    Moral: There is no need for speed. The need is for good management and an editorial team that actually knows what an editor is supposed to do!

    And absolutely no need for cows, bulls, farms or city boys, but then I digress....

    And I was taught this stuff about the appendix in secondary school - in the 1960's. Get orf me lawn!

    --
    Sent from my ASR33 using ASCII
  10. Known about this a long time.... by tekrat · · Score: 1

    At least 20 years I think... They could have saved a lot of money and just asked me instead of performing this crazy-ass study of something most doctors have known for decades. And I'm not even a doctor.

    --
    If telephones are outlawed, then only outlaws will have telephones.
  11. Don't forget. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    The appendix is where the soul is.

    The people who have had theirs removed....those poor, poor bastards....well, you shouldn't trust them from then on.

  12. Lifespan? by cyberjock1980 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    So this makes me wonder if people without their Appendix have a different lifespan than those that keep it. I tried to google for the answer, but I came up short. Anyone know of any studies on this subject?

    1. Re:Lifespan? by Big+Hairy+Ian · · Score: 1

      It's the Scientific American so it's sciency rather than pure science but https://blogs.scientificameric... maybe what you're looking for

      --

      Build a Man a Fire, and He'll Be Warm for a Day. Set a Man on Fire, and He'll Be Warm for the Rest of His Life.

  13. It's confirmation, and I approve by Bigjeff5 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    If you thought you knew this before a study like this came out, then you're as bad as all the other gullible sheep out there, because there was not a large body of good evidence to point to to support that opinion.

    The study in the Qartz article is a review study, looking at hundreds of other studies. It's an extremely important kind of study for solidifying our understanding of how things work, and frankly in my opinion they often don't get enough attention because people think they know these things already. You did not know these things already. You had a couple of articles that you'd seen before that suggested maybe the appendix isn't as useless as doctors used to think, but you didn't have a body of evidence that you could point to to prove that fact. Now you do. That's the importance of the study.

    Of course, in typical fashion the SlashDot summary woefully misrepresents it as a study saying "Hey guys! I found this brand new thing that other people have already found! Check it out!", which of course that isn't what the study was doing at all.

    --
    Security is mostly a superstition... Avoiding danger is no safer in the long run than outright exposure. - Helen Keller
  14. Re:NOT NEWS SLASHDOT! by Bigjeff5 · · Score: 2

    No, scientists had reasonable evidence to suggest that might be a function of the appendix.

    Until there is a large scale review study of all the studies on the subject, just like the study in the article, no reasonable scientist would say the subject was closed.

    The SlashDot summary was terrible, though, so there is that.

    --
    Security is mostly a superstition... Avoiding danger is no safer in the long run than outright exposure. - Helen Keller
  15. They missed the most important function. by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 1

    Appendix is where the lawyers put all the escape clauses, in fine print too.

    --
    sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
  16. Consider the source by tomhath · · Score: 3, Informative

    Midwestern University Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine

  17. yeah right, hmmm hmmm... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    The appendectomy at one point was a standard surgical procedure performed on many not too long ago, on my parents generation.
    "To a man with a hammer, everything looks like a nail" attitude surgeons where cutting away rudimentary flesh left over from the absolutely positively proved human evolution, doing us all a favor.
    Maybe not so fast, because you do not fully understand something does not mean you can go and fuck around with it nilly willy.
    There are many examples of "accepted medical practice" is disproven in medical scientific literature, but is kept alive by old habits.
    A single cell has billions of "parts" much less is understood that is being let on. Medical science is mainly behavioral studies and 99.99% guesswork. Complete understanding to the molecular/atomic level is just not there. Yet the high salaries and snooty attitudes prevail, when these charlatans have a very superficial grasp of reality.
    Medications are approved for diseases not fully understood by medications not fully understood. Not much better than homeopathy.
    Watch the fuck out for yourself.

  18. body hair? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    body hair will help you detect insects around your skin so you can squish them. Biting insects are a vector for disease, so it is of great benefit to be able to detect them more quickly before they can bite. The great majority of people still live in environments with biting insects, so body hair is still of great biological utility.

  19. Re: Purpose? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    The purpose is store sliced carrot. Haven't you noticed that when you vomit there is always carrot in there, even if it has been months since you ate any?

  20. He was the inventor of the artificial appendix by rsilvergun · · Score: 1

    stupid science; ruined the joke.

    --
    Hi! I make Firefox Plug-ins. Check 'em out @ https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/youtube-mp3-podcaster/
  21. Re: Purpose? by FatdogHaiku · · Score: 1

    I'm usually on the lookout for my shoes...
    That way I know it's almost over.
    Also, that I need to buy new shoes...

    --
    You have the right to remain sentient. If you give up the right to remain sentient, you will be elected to public office
  22. Re:You Think You Can Do Without Body Hair? by PrimaryConsult · · Score: 1

    If your idea of making out requires ass hairs, I think one of us is doing it wrong...

  23. Re:Definitions by hackwrench · · Score: 1

    You seem to have different definitions of determined and implemented than I do, though there can be some confusion between sex and gender as well. Your sex is determined by your chromosomes. What you seem to be describing are physical sexual characteristics which are implemented about the time you seem to indicate. Now gender means different things to different people, and describe behaviors as well as physical characteristics.

  24. Are you crazy? by Xenna · · Score: 2

    "Midwestern University Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine"

    Osteopathy is quack medicine!
    How dare you pollute Slashdot in this manner?

    There used to be standards here, or was that before Trump?

  25. Re:So? mass lawsuit for all the people who had it by Boronx · · Score: 1

    How about "It turned out you had ovarian cysts, not appendicitis, but we decided to take it out anyway."

  26. Re:You Think You Can Do Without Body Hair? by Boronx · · Score: 2

    Hint: it's you.

  27. Re:Purpose? by stooo · · Score: 1

    Yep. It definitely has the purpose to limit the surpopulation !
    That's nature at work !

    --
    aaaaaaa
  28. Re:Purpose? by fuzzywig · · Score: 1
    When they finally whipped mine out, it was (apparently, they threw it away before I woke up) perforated and gangrenous :)

    Good riddance.