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'Superbug' Resistant To 26 Antibiotics Kills A Patient In Nevada (upi.com)

An anonymous reader quotes UPI: A Nevada woman in her 70s who'd recently returned from India died in September from a "superbug" infection that resisted all antibiotics, according to a report released Friday... The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention "basically reported that there was nothing in our medicine cabinet to treat this lady," report co-author Dr. Randall Todd told the Reno Gazette-Journal. He's director of epidemiology and public health preparedness for the Washoe County Health District, in Reno... CDC testing subsequently revealed the germ was New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase -- a highly resistant form of CRE typically found outside the United States.

50 of 296 comments (clear)

  1. India = a bad place for vacations by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Years ago I knew a girl who was a fellow student in high school.
    She took a trip to India and came in contact with some awful pathogen which
    proceeded to destroy multiple organs and resulted in her death, despite the
    best available medical care in the US.

    India is still a filthy third world country, with raw sewage flowing in the streams and rivers.

    Given how many good, interesting, and quite safe places there are to travel in the world, you'd
    have to wonder why people want to go to a shithole like India.

    1. Re:India = a bad place for vacations by PopeRatzo · · Score: 3, Funny

      Given how many good, interesting, and quite safe places there are to travel in the world, you'd
      have to wonder why people want to go to a shithole like India.

      Have you ever been to Nevada?

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      You are welcome on my lawn.
    2. Re:India = a bad place for vacations by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      You're welcome world.

      Thanks, shithole country, for killing Ramanujan, who died at age 32.

      A 1994 analysis of Ramanujan's medical records and symptoms by Dr. D. A. B. Young concluded that it was much more likely he had hepatic amoebiasis, an illness then widespread in Madras, rather than tuberculosis. He had two episodes of dysentery before he left India. When not properly treated, dysentery can lie dormant for years and lead to hepatic amoebiasis. Amoebiasis was a treatable and often curable disease at the time

    3. Re:India = a bad place for vacations by PopeRatzo · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Yes. And I didn't seen any raw sewage floating in any bodies of water there, either.

      In Nevada, the raw sewage walks upright.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
  2. Scientists and doctors.. by ckatko · · Score: 5, Insightful

    ...have been warning us for decades and nobody cared to listen.

    Enjoy your new wave of death, humanity.

    1. Re:Scientists and doctors.. by smooth+wombat · · Score: 2, Interesting

      One good thing about Trump, he's far more likely to decide big pharma needs to be beaten with a stick and forced to make new antibiotics

      Trump is of the opinion that vaccines are involved with autism. I don't think he's going to be doing too much to "big pharma".

      Which is odd since he is a known germaphobe. One would think he of all people would be interested in both vaccines and new antibiotics.

      --
      We will bankrupt ourselves in the vain search for absolute security. -- Dwight D. Eisenhower
    2. Re:Scientists and doctors.. by markdavis · · Score: 2

      >"...have been warning us for decades and nobody cared to listen."

      Actually, lots and lots and lots of people listened and acted. But it was not enough and too late. For many years, good physicians have been restricting antibiotic use and there has been a huge educational push telling people they MUST take all their antibiotics, exactly as prescribed. And healthcare facilities have been using all kinds of new techniques to hold down infections and transmission- silver, UV light sterilizers, better cleaning techniques, ozone generators, along with screaming about universal precautions and other education.

      One of the main problems has been the lack of development of new antibiotics. We rested on our laurels for too many years while the bacteria have not (and evolved). This is a problem that won't just go away, we have to continuously develop new medications.... but until it is profitable, drug companies aren't interested. They would rather pour their money in high-dollar-return crap like Viagra.

    3. Re:Scientists and doctors.. by cfalcon · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Trump's has spoken up in favor of "spreading out" vaccinations. He hasn't spoken against vaccines in general. Last I checked, there wasn't any data showing that "spreading out" vaccinations either helped or hurt a damned thing. I will point this out- every Republican candidate that was asked about the issue last year basically said the same thing as Trump- so whatever his opinion is, it must play super well with Republicans, and also be considered politically safe (and medically safe, probably) by mainstream candidates like Rubio.

      The anti-vax crowd does love Trump, however, and they clearly think he will make some vaccine related statement at some point. Assuming he doesn't, some fraction of that will stick with Trump over their antivax, and some others will stick with their antivax over Trump. The most likely result of Trump's presidency, regarding vaccines, is that there's slightly fewer antivaxxers in a few years, compared to today.

    4. Re: Scientists and doctors.. by zippthorne · · Score: 2

      To be fair, the cheapest test for whether something is viral seems to be to try some antibiotics and see if they do anything. We need better diagnostic tools, with a faster turnaround, if we want to avoid the problem of over-prescribing antibiotics.

      --
      Can you be Even More Awesome?!
    5. Re: Scientists and doctors.. by Duckman5 · · Score: 2

      Strep throat, when it presents normally, is a dead giveaway and is easily tested for with a quick swab.
      The advice that the Anonymous Coward was giving was for upper respiratory infections. In that case, viral infections are generally self limiting and will go away within 10-14 days. If it takes longer than that, you likely have a bacterial infection and it's reasonable for your doctor to treat it with empiric antibiotics. The only exception is if you suspect the flu (body aches, etc) in which case it can be tested for, quickly, with a swab and you get Tamiflu.

    6. Re:Scientists and doctors.. by Bowling+Moses · · Score: 5, Informative

      When did you check and how did you check? It took me seconds to find a recent article from Scientific American entitled "Delaying Vaccines Increases Risks--with No Added Benefits."

      I want people to get vaccinated based off the CDC's recommended timing because their schedule is based on science (epidemiology, virology, immunology, bacteriology, etc.) and not the evidence-free opinion of some random person who has zero training in any relevant field.

    7. Re:Scientists and doctors.. by cfalcon · · Score: 2

      The seizures caused as a result of the vaccine- which appear to be the entire reason for that article- are listed as "These seizures do not cause any long-term health effects." The remainder of the article guesses (a pretty reasonable guess, but still a guess) that more cases of diseases will affect some children because they simply won't have their immunity yet, because they won't have received the vaccine. That article is not a compelling reason to avoid delaying vaccines (nor is it a compelling argument to delay vaccines). Additionally, that article is not very persuasive- an antivaxxer will read that article and say "well how about I skip the vaccine and reduce the odds of vaccine-induced seizures, not from 1 in 1500 to 1 in 3000, but to 0?".

      > I want people to get vaccinated based off the CDC's recommended timing

      And not based on their own personal choice?

      I think most of the antivaxxer plague has come from two twinned issues: the general avoidance of discussion of vaccine risk and reward (which in turn spawns a literally endless web of conspiracy theories), and "trolley problem", where getting a vaccine is seen as an action that damages the recipient (and can kill them) some tiny fraction of the time, an an INaction where not getting a vaccine results in a much larger set of damage and death. The problem is that it is phrased as action/inaction, and many parents will suspect or avoid vaccines based on the horror of an action they took harming their child, versus an inaction they took harming their child, with action/inaction being handled totally differently (and not as rationally) as action/action in all of our minds.

      Anyway, I'm getting off topic- your article doesn't bring up anything regarding differing outcomes for delayed versus non-delayed, and it's reasonable to assume that most Republican voters like the idea of the delayed schedule (and/or are neutral on the issue)- hence all the candidates basically holding identical positions on the issue. I'll also point out that turning the discussion to "should the vaccines be later or on schedule" at least gets children vaccinated at a higher rate, which is something that is not discussed in the article (except to assume that some of the delayers will miss it- it totally ignores whatever fraction of parents would bail on vaccines completely if offered only as a batch that they suspect is harmful).

  3. oops by Stormbringer · · Score: 2

    > a highly resistant form of CRE typically found outside the United States

    You mean, WAS typically found outside the USA. How many people did she pass this on to before she took to her bed?

    1. Re:oops by Baloroth · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Probably no one. With a few notable exceptions (bacterial meningitis, TB) most bacterial infections aren't very contagious. You mainly pick them up if you're exposed to a large source of them in the environment (drinking or swimming in contaminated water, poorly cleaned kitchens, cuts, that kind of thing) or if you have an already weakened immune system.

      --
      "None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but license." --John Milton
  4. Look to history by namgge · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Time to start remembering how infection was controlled in the 30s and 40s before antibiotics came along. People from that generation were really keen on (a) quarantining, (b) keeping hospitals spotless and (c) cleaning even the smallest wound with iodine in alcohol. I still recall the stinging pain.

    1. Re:Look to history by ColdWetDog · · Score: 2, Informative

      You apparently don't realize that hospital acquired infections are at the lowest point ever. We've lopped off all of the low hanging fruit and are now cruising into the noise. Still useful work to be done, but you have a pretty weird and completely unsupported notion of Ye Olden Tymes.

      Nobody has forgotten quarantine - we call it 'isolation' because it's easier to spell. Hospitals are kept quite clean and iodine is a shitty topical antiseptic (alcohol is fine).

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    2. Re:Look to history by markdavis · · Score: 2

      >"Antibiotic-resistant infections can happen anywhere. Data show that most happen in the general community; however, most deaths related to antibiotic resistance happen in inpatient healthcare settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes"

      And that is mostly because the people in healthcare settings are already sick and have compromised or weakened immune systems.

    3. Re:Look to history by chill · · Score: 5, Informative

      You, sir or madam, are a lying sack of dangerous shit.

      Quote WebMD:

      "Home Remedy No-No Number 4: Colloidal Silver

      With hype and hope spread by word of mouth and the Internet, colloidal silver is believed by some to help treat a range of infections and diseases.

      "People believe that colloidal silver can treat fungal infections, TB, HIV, herpes, and even cancer by boosting the immune system," says Ted Epperly, MD, president-elect of the American Academy of Family Physicians.

      Unfortunately for colloidal sliver supporters, they're wrong, and the consequences of their mistake could be costly.

      "One of the most well-known side effects of colloidal silver is that it turns a person's skin a greyish shade of blue," says Epperly.

      The skin isn't the only organ affected by colloidal silver; so are the kidneys, stomach, and brain, as well as the nervous system. Silver is actually deposited into the cells of these organs, possibly causing cell damage and death, leading to organ failure.

      "The effects of colloidal silver are toxic and cumulative," says Epperly. "Worse, they're irreversible."

      Epperly urges people to ignore the hype and instead, talk to a health care provider about the proper way to treat infections and diseases.

      http://www.webmd.com/women/features/5-home-remedy-no-nos#3

      --
      Learning HOW to think is more important than learning WHAT to think.
    4. Re:Look to history by Pseudonym · · Score: 2

      Time to break out the bacteriophages. Fighting infections with tiny space landing craft.

      --
      sub f{($f)=@_;print"$f(q{$f});";}f(q{sub f{($f)=@_;print"$f(q{$f});";}f});
    5. Re:Look to history by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      iodine is a shitty topical antiseptic (alcohol is fine).

      Really? Huh. I'll have to remember that the next time I scrub in with an iodine sponge. I'll let my colleagues know that they don't need to scrub the incision area with an iodine solution, 'cause it doesn't work. And when I get an exposure I'll not bother with the iodine scrub even though it is mandated by my oversight board.

      Seriously, iodine is a "shitty" topical antiseptic? Where do these people come from?

      Iodine is one of those super antiseptics that, when used properly, kills essentially everything, and quickly. Moreover, since it appears to attack structural elements of the cell, it has a radically different pathway to antimicrobial action than standard drugs, and one that is unlikely to engender resistance. It is not perfect, and perhaps that's what the parent poster is referring to (don't use it on really large wounds because it does get absorbed by the body, and your kidneys will not be happy; you might get a rash; etc.) but it has a far lower rate of allergic reaction than the standard alternative of chlorhexidine. It's also super cheap, and tends to sting heaps less than alcohol in an open wound.

    6. Re:Look to history by Nemyst · · Score: 4, Informative

      It only takes a cursory search to find this NIH page advising that colloidal silver is toxic and that no health benefits have been confirmed by studies. You're encouraging people to take something that's universally seen as dangerous on the basis of completely unfounded claims of healing effects.

    7. Re:Look to history by clovis · · Score: 3, Informative

      The webMD page you quoted is here:
      http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-...

      You are being disingenuous because the sentence you quoted is part of a paragraph that advices AGAINST the uses and says that it is NOT EFECTIVE.

      Here's the rest of it.

      Colloidal silver is a mineral. Despite promoters’ claims, silver has no known function in the body and is not an essential mineral supplement. Colloidal silver products were once available as over-the-counter drug products, but in 1999, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ruled that these colloidal silver products were not considered safe or effective. Colloidal silver products marketed for medical purposes or promoted for unproven uses are now considered “misbranded” under the law without appropriate FDA approval as a new drug. There are currently no FDA-approved over-the-counter or prescription drugs containing silver that are taken by mouth. However, there are still colloidal silver products being sold as homeopathic remedies and dietary supplements.

        There are many Internet ads for the parts of a generator that produces colloidal silver at home. People who produce colloidal silver at home will likely not be able to evaluate their product for purity or strength. There are many products that are far safer and more effective than colloidal silver.

        Despite these concerns about safety and effectiveness, people still buy colloidal silver as a dietary supplement and use it for a wide range of ailments. Colloidal silver is used to treat infections due to yeast; bacteria (tuberculosis, Lyme disease, bubonic plague, pneumonia, leprosy, gonorrhea, syphilis, scarlet fever, stomach ulcers, cholera); parasites (ringworm, malaria); and viruses (HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, herpes, shingles, warts).

      I have to agree with the previous posters assertion that "You, sir or madam, are a lying sack of dangerous shit."

    8. Re:Look to history by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2

      Hilariously, Russians were good at these tiny space landing crafts as well.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
  5. Re:Indians: if their food doesn't kill you, their by AK+Marc · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Worst food poisoning I ever had was from a Hard Rock Cafe. By your logic, the US will only be safe when purged of Americans.

  6. Re:Indians: if their food doesn't kill you, their by johanw · · Score: 2

    People in India are mostly hindoes, not Muslims. Most muslims went to Pakistan after the former Brittish India became independent and hostilities broke out between hindos and muslims.

  7. Re:Indians: if their food doesn't kill you, their by Kernel+Kurtz · · Score: 2

    Indians are mostly Hindu, not Muslim.

    I'm sure the distinction is lost on most Trump supporters.

  8. Re:Will this be unique to India? by sjames · · Score: 2

    The U.S's continuing failure to provide affordable healthcare to a growing portion of it's population will turn our cities into breeding grounds for all manner of new and exciting infectious bacteria.

  9. Re:Welcome to India by PopeRatzo · · Score: 2

    Stay out of Nevada, too.

    --
    You are welcome on my lawn.
  10. Re: Think of it as evolution in action. by ColdWetDog · · Score: 2, Informative

    Of course, if you had bothered to RTFA, you would have noticed that the antibiotic resistance element in question most likely came from a pig who was fed the drug in it's feed. So you missed the entire point of TFA. It's not even a drug typically used in humans. It's a last ditch drug because of side effects.

    Apparently deaf pigs with renal failure aren't a big issue.

    --
    Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
  11. Re:Indians: if their food doesn't kill you, their by PopeRatzo · · Score: 4, Funny

    History lesson from someone that can't spell 3rd grade terms...?

    His first language is Floridian.

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    You are welcome on my lawn.
  12. Indiscriminate antibiotic use in farm animals... by mspohr · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Industrial meat farmers in the US (and other countries) use literally tons of antibiotics to improve "yields". This leads to resistant strains of bacteria which are passed to humans. Use in chickens and pigs is particularly problematic because of the large amount of antibiotics and the widespread distribution. Most chicken you buy in the store is contaminated with drug resistant bacteria.
    Just say no to antibiotic treated animals.

    --
    I don't read your sig. Why are you reading mine?
  13. Time to get serious by LeftCoastThinker · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The reality is that most resistant strains of bacteria originate from antibiotics abuse, and the biggest abusers of antibiotics are third world countries and those who raise livestock. Normal un-resistant bacteria are actually more healthy vital and will grow and displace resistant strains because resistant strains are typically resistant due to the fact that they are missing receptors or features that antibiotics use to kill the bacteria. Those same features allow normal bacteria to be stronger and multiply faster than the resistant strains.

    What the doctors and scientists are only recently realizing is that the way to deal with resistant strains is that we must crack down on antibiotics abuse in these two areas globally, and greatly step up and enforce the use of post-antibiotic use of un-resistant probiotics, replenishing the healthy, easy to kill bacteria in people and farm animals which then come out in their waste/manure/fertilizer or sometimes on the meat/eggs/milk etc. and spread from there.

    I recall reading about a river in India where a pharmaceutical had been illegally dumping waste antibiotics and something like 90% of all bacteria tested in the river were resistant. The solution, after stopping the pollution, should have been to seed the river with a continuous stream of healthy un-resistant bacteria, and over time (maybe a year) the healthy, un-resistant bacteria would supplant the resistant strains 99% of the time, greatly reducing the odds of exposure to a resistant strain. We are just now discovering that regular old soil bacteria have over 40 different methods of killing off resistant bacteria that are completely new to us. We can and will convert some into new antibiotics, but we must learn from the past and minimize the spread of resistant strains of bacteria now by spreading as much as possible the un-resistant strains which will in turn supplant the resistant strains we have fostered around the globe with minimal additional human intervention.

    http://www.the-scientist.com/?...

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  14. Re:Indiscriminate antibiotic use in farm animals.. by Cassini2 · · Score: 2

    Bingo. There is almost no point trying to limit excess human use of antibiotics beyond current efforts, when agriculture is using them wildly. In this case, the disease is resistant to antibiotics that are mainly used for agriculture. So the problem is definitely agricultural antibiotics.

  15. Inaccurate article details... by Dahamma · · Score: 4, Informative

    CDC testing subsequently revealed the germ was New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase -- a highly resistant form of CRE

    It should at least read "revealed the germ CONTAINED New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase". NDM-1 is not a bacteria, it's an enzyme possessed by resistant bacteria that inactivates antibiotics.

    What's really fun is that this gene can potentially be transferred to other types of bacteria laterally...

  16. Re: Think of it as evolution in action. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    Kidney stones

  17. Re:Indians: if their food doesn't kill you, their by gtall · · Score: 2

    There's approximately 138 million Muslims in India. Yes, most Muslims left for East or West Pakistan at the time. East Pakistan is now Bangladesh.

    So, while yes, most Indians are Hindus, 138 million Muslims is still 10% of the pop. of India.

    Please try to keep up to date.

  18. Re:Welcome to India by arglebargle_xiv · · Score: 2

    Well, stay out of the girls who work there. Nevada itself isn't so bad.

  19. Harvard Medical by ArhcAngel · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Earlier this year Harvard Medical School posted this video showing a bacteria mutating over the course of 11 days until it is resistant to the anti-bacterial they used. 11 days!

    --
    "A person is smart. People are dumb, panicky dangerous animals and you know it." - K
    1. Re:Harvard Medical by Cyberax · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Thankfully, it's not as scary as it seems - resistance evolves easily but it carries heavy metabolic cost for bacteria. So resistant bacteria are outcompeted by non-resistant ones easily.

      The problem here is that eventually bacteria always find a way to evade antibiotics with low enough metabolic cost.

  20. Re:Welcome to India by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Instructions unclear. Dick stuck in a cactus.

  21. don't be too quick to judge by cats-paw · · Score: 2

    yes India has terrible controls on their antibiotic use, but remember that US farmers are using large amounts of antibiotics too keep their overcrowded livestock from dying too soon.

    --
    Absolute statements are never true
  22. Re:Indians: if their food doesn't kill you, their by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 5, Funny

    "Just FYI, Indians hate Muslims."

    That's not possible. Only white people can be racist. Everyone else on the world exhales fairy dust.

  23. Re: Indiscriminate antibiotic use in farm animals. by mspohr · · Score: 2

    According to this article,
    Antibiotics are readily available over the counter at most pharmacies leading to widespread overuse.
    He also cited poor public health practices, unsanitary living conditions, and increasing use of antibiotics for growth promotion in poultry as factors that contribute to the diminishing powers of antibiotics in India. With continued use of the drugs or their misuse, bacteria evolve into stronger forms that are resistant to antibiotics.

    --
    I don't read your sig. Why are you reading mine?
  24. Re: Think of it as evolution in action. by omtinez · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I opened both links, even went to the actual CDC report (link: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volum...) and there are exactly zero references for the bacteria coming from pigs. Try searching for the words "pig" and "farm". So much for lecturing others on reading TFA...

  25. Re: Think of it as evolution in action. by Chrontius · · Score: 2

    Methadone is actually a very effective painkiller in its own right - and for such a powerful painkiller, it's surprisingly hard to accidentally die because of it.

  26. Re: Think of it as evolution in action. by dpilot · · Score: 2

    From what I've read, it's not so much little Johnny and his sniffles as it is the meat and poultry he eats. Our livestock, particularly the factory-farm variety, get antibiotics routinely.

    --
    The living have better things to do than to continue hating the dead.
  27. Re:Indiscriminate antibiotic use in farm animals.. by blindseer · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I have to wonder what people think happens on a farm. I grew up on a farm where we had pigs and dairy cattle. We gave the animals antibiotics, but it was rare.

    For the pigs we'd give them a shot of antibiotics when we'd get a batch of new pigs in. A pig's life is short, less than a year, and they'd typically get one shot of antibiotics in their life. Pigs cost money, so do antibiotics, so the job of a pig farmer is to balance those costs. Penicillin is cheap but not free. If a pig got sick then it might get another shot. If it got real sick then it got a different kind of shot, as in from a rifle. The carcass of a pig like that could not be sold for meat but the leather was valuable, for a while at least. At some point the rendering truck stopped picking up the dead pigs for free and started to charge for the service, that's when Dad started to just bury them. Any pigs sold for meat are tested for antibiotics. I'm not sure what happened if they tested positive but Dad would make sure that any pig given a shot would not go to market until enough time has passed for the antibiotics to get out of their system.

    The dairy cattle would also typically get one shot of antibiotics in their life, when they'd get dehorned. This was because they were at risk of infection at this point until the wound healed over. Any cattle given antibiotics recently were not able to be sold for meat, and they are also tested like the pigs. Any cow given antibiotics while milking had the milk discarded until the antibiotics were out of their system. Milk was also regularly tested for antibiotics. If antibiotics were found in the milk this would mean the milk was discarded. Since the milk of an entire herd was put in the same tank a single cow testing positive would contaminate thousands of gallons of milk. I remember having to do this before, Dad was pissed since that meant not getting money for that milk.

    Here's the thing, antibiotics are necessary. I thought it funny too on how much farmers rely on antibiotics if it upset so many people. I saw the value in the Army. When going through in processing I got an antibiotic shot, as did everyone else in the company. It turns out that when you put a lot of living and breathing beings in an enclosed space, be they recruits in a barracks or pigs in a shed, they tend to get sick. I still ended up getting a pretty nasty lung infection while in the Army, they gave me a potent antibiotic that made me sensitive to the sun. I got the worst sunburn in my life then.

    Just say no to antibiotic treated animals.

    If you don't like it then go ahead and buy your "organic" meat or go vegan. I know what farmers do to get animals to market and if these animals weren't treated for infections then meat gets real expensive due to losses. Quality would go down too because healthy animals make tasty meat. Since so many people in this world seem able to eat this meat and live well I'm trying to figure out what the problem is exactly.

    --
    I am armed because I am free. I am free because I am armed.
  28. The Georgans have a technology by Cafe+Alpha · · Score: 2

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
    Never got popular because it's harder than a pill and so no one puts the effort in to get it past the FDA

    1. Re:The Georgans have a technology by Cafe+Alpha · · Score: 3, Interesting

      "In Russia, mixed phage preparations may have a therapeutic efficacy of 50%. This equates to the complete cure of 50 of 100 patients with terminal antibiotic-resistant infection. The rate of only 50% is likely to be due to individual choices in admixtures and ineffective diagnosis of the causative agent of infection."

  29. Re:Think of it as evolution in action. by DivineKnight · · Score: 2

    *Sigh*. If you read the article from the link provided, you would find that we have fosfomycin in the US, it's just not on the short list of approved antibiotics; it is, however, approved for some form of cysts...and its usage here would simply be an off-label usage. In other countries, it seems, it is on their short list of approved antibiotics.