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Evidence Suggests Updated Timeline Towards Yellowstone's Supervolcano Eruption (nytimes.com)

Camel Pilot writes: Geologist have been aware of fresh magma moving in the Yellowstone's super volcano system. Previously this was thought to precede an eruption by thousands of years. Recent evidence by Hannah Shamloo, a graduate student at Arizona State University, demonstrates that perhaps the timeline from the underground basin filling to eruption is more on the scale of decades. A super volcano eruption has the power to alter life's story on this earth and even destroy all life on a continent. In light of this, it seems like a good time to invest some effort and resources into finding ways to prepare, delay or deflect the potential threat. The research was presented at the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) 2017 conference in Portland, Oregon.

53 of 320 comments (clear)

  1. a pattern lately by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Seems like the thing to do to get recognition in the scientific community these days is to come up with catastrophic predictions. Between global warming, asteroids, Yellowstone, mass extinctions, blah blah blah the list just goes on and on. I really have tuned most of this noise out. It's just people looking to get their name out there on a story that will get eyeball traffic. It's kind of like a modern-day biblical doomsayer.

    1. Re: a pattern lately by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The difference is that the scientists are correct about Yellowstone. The problem is that fools like you want to take the rest of humanity down with you when it does go off.

    2. Re:a pattern lately by jellomizer · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Asteroids, and a super volcano, do not seem to be due to human interaction, it is just a natural disaster that we will need to make sure we have a plan for dealing with. If we can't stop it, at least have an emergency infrastructure out there to move large scale of people.

      Global Warming and Mass Extinction, are slow disasters which is why there are so many more deniers, first they are cause by us and our life styles (which people take exception too) and second there isn't a single simple cause and fix, it requires a long fix having a change in our culture and how we do things.

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      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    3. Re:a pattern lately by Big+Hairy+Ian · · Score: 2

      We'll just have to escape into the long earth

      --

      Build a Man a Fire, and He'll Be Warm for a Day. Set a Man on Fire, and He'll Be Warm for the Rest of His Life.

    4. Re: a pattern lately by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

      What, exactly, are you going to do to prevent its eruption? Send it a strongly-worded letter?

    5. Re: a pattern lately by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      so because a bunch of corporate bigwigs import cheap labour because the politicians you voted for enabled them to, you want to kill yourself?

      I don't get it

    6. Re: a pattern lately by jellomizer · · Score: 2

      This isn't genetic, but education. A lot of these areas which have people with deplorable values (what you consider deplorable is up to you) will often live with like minded people, so there isn't an equal spread of education of such ideas. If they live in an environment that accepts the idea of the educational elites conspiring to control the population, you will just not listen to this group of people. If you live in an environment where you see these educated elites and find for the most part they are just trying to get basic funding so they get the resources for their study, and be able to eat.

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      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    7. Re: a pattern lately by Hognoxious · · Score: 2, Informative

      If you're white he's saying it's your fault.

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    8. Re: a pattern lately by ChrisMaple · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Two approaches come to mind, both of which are probably too massive to actually be undertaken. One is to cool the magma, by drilling a grid of holes and pumping water into them. (Use the heated water or steam for electric power plants.) The other is to break up the surface to a depth of several miles (underground nuclear bombs), so that any eruption will be just magma flows rather than an explosion.

      Could either work? I don't even pretend to know. Would either attempt cause more problems than it solved? I wouldn't be surprised. At least some examination of possibilities should be done.

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    9. Re: a pattern lately by hey! · · Score: 5, Interesting

      There really is no difference. The problem here is the belief that Nature owes our civilization something. Nature is neither benevolent nor malevolent toward us; it is indifferent to our fate.

      Supervolcano eruptions are a fact. The study of the geologic record post-dates the emergence of our civilization, so it isn't surprising that the way our civilization operates doesn't take the possibility supervolcanoes into account.

      GP's reaction is fairly typical of the "reasoning" of the benevolent nature school: a supervolcano eruption in the near future would be a threat to civilization, therefore we can discount that possibility. That reasoning applies across the board to anything like climate change or sea level rise. We're not prepared for it, therefore it can't happen..

      It took 4.5 billion years for an intelligent species to emerge on the planet. In our species 300,000 year history, civilization is a novelty, barely 5,000 years old, the most recent 1.6% of our species' lifespan. Yet because 1000 years is a long time to us as individuals, we see civilization as something enduring and stable. There's no evidence to support that notion on a geologic timescale.

      --
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    10. Re:a pattern lately by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 2

      Perhaps 1980 was "soon" in 1930 for a geologist.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    11. Re: a pattern lately by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2

      They would be far far better than a cataclysmic eruption that sends dozens of cubic kilometers of dust and rock into the upper atmosphere wreaking fiery death on everything on the continent while blotting out the sun on the entire planet for decades leading to all plants to die and then anything bigger than a cockroach starving to death.

    12. Re: a pattern lately by hey! · · Score: 3, Insightful

      If your bar for "civilization" is "possesses any sort of permanent artificial shelter," sure. But I see that more as a precursor to civilization, which involves specialization and political organization. If the survivors of a catastrophic event were reduced to living in isolated huts with no political or economic organization above the immediate family group, I'd call that an end to civilization.

      However I can use your benchmark and my point still stands.

      --
      Post may contain irony: discontinue use if experiencing mood swings, nausea or elevated blood pressure.
    13. Re: a pattern lately by Dutch+Gun · · Score: 3, Informative

      The geologic timescale is exactly why the odds are against an eruption in the next few decades. And with an eruption that massive, there are likely to be years of very clear and indisputable warning signs all over the region. I highly doubt a supervolcano eruption will catch civilization by surprise.

      As a recent (by geologic scales) example, no one was surprised by Mt St Helens actually erupting. Everyone knew it was coming. Only the precise timing was unknown. And the way it erupted was surprising, of course. But at this point, scientists are pretty good at predicting impending eruptions. I just don't think predicting one decades out is anything more than speculation, considering that this is a pretty radical departure from conventional wisdom.

      For extra-ordinary claims like this, you'll need fairly extraordinary evidence. And not to impune Ms. Shamloo, but this is a grad student we're talking about, not a professional volcanologist with decades of actual experience. As such, it's wise to consider the source of this theory in regards to its feasibility.

      --
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    14. Re: a pattern lately by Anne+Thwacks · · Score: 4, Funny

      NO. That is the British strategy. The American way involves sheriffs and posses.

      --
      Sent from my ASR33 using ASCII
    15. Re:a pattern lately by jellomizer · · Score: 2

      All fine and good, how do we test and measure this.
      Science is about facts, not just wild or educated guesses. After making such a guess or Hypothesis then you need to find a way to measure and collect data to see if such a Hypothesis is accurate.

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    16. Re: a pattern lately by hey! · · Score: 5, Informative

      I remember Mt St. Helens very well, because I was working as a technician in the lab which sent seismometers there. It's an irrelevant example, because the Mt. St. Helens event is something that could be prepared for with a few weeks warning.

      The larger scale the event, the longer you need to plan for it. A supervolcano can eject several thousand cubic kilometers of material. Mt St. Helens ejected 0.21 km^3. The last Yellowstone super-eruption was roughly twelve thousand time larger. If it happened today it would bury everything from California to Chicago in 10 feet of ash. It would effectively halt agriculture worldwide for several years. Given that the world's global food reserve is only adequate (if perfectly distributed) for 73 days, how many decades of planning do you think we'd need to be ready? How much of that time would be spent debating whether this was real, then debating on who was going to pay?

      Also, I'm not sure you understand what "geologic timescale" means. The usual unit of time used is the Ma or Mega annum. Decades don't enter into it.

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    17. Re: a pattern lately by nospam007 · · Score: 2

      "What, exactly, are you going to do to prevent its eruption? Send it a strongly-worded letter?"

      Trump will remove its vulcano-license.

    18. Re:a pattern lately by PoopJuggler · · Score: 2

      The public is supposed to give up their freedoms and money for a disaster that never comes.

      You give up freedom and money for disasters that never come every single day, dude. The only difference is that these disasters affect the entire planet and every living thing on it. The real problem is that humans like you think you're entitled to the life of gluttony that you lead, like you somehow earned it.

    19. Re: a pattern lately by OrangeTide · · Score: 5, Funny

      If half the population dies the first day that food reserve can go for 146 days.

      --
      “Common sense is not so common.” — Voltaire
    20. Re: a pattern lately by spun · · Score: 2

      Yeah, I doubt all the nukes in the world would add up to a fart in a hurricane compared to a supervolcano. I think the idea with nukes is to break up the rock strata and let the magma burble out more slowly, rather than in one cataclysmic eruption.

      --
      - None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but license. -- John Milton
    21. Re: a pattern lately by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 2

      Two approaches come to mind, ... One is to cool the magma, by drilling a grid of holes and pumping water into them. (Use the heated water or steam for electric power plants.) The other is to break up the surface to a depth of several miles (underground nuclear bombs), so that any eruption will be just magma flows rather than an explosion. ...

      Would either attempt cause more problems than it solved?

      Both of those sound like things that are more likely to encourage, rather than prevent, an eruption. IMHO they're right up there with drilling an exploratory well to see if there is another magma flow down there and as a result leading it up to the surface.

      Cool with water injection: Krakatoa comes to mind. But deep cracks and shifts from the shrinkage of the cooled mass might be a bigger issue than a mountain-sized steam explosion.

      With "leading the magma toward the surface"' as the problem, "break[ing] up the surface to a depth of several miles" also looks like a solution becoming the problem it attempts to solve.

      --
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    22. Re: a pattern lately by jwhyche · · Score: 2

      I wonder if you might be on to something here. Not dropping a bunch of nukes into the thing and blowing it to hell and back. But instead using nuclear demolitions at key stress points to release pressure in a controlled way.

      Well as controlled as we can possibly get it. Think of it as letting the air out of a tank using a safety valve instead of just waiting for the thing to blowup.

      Might turn Yellowstone into a lake of magma but it would be better than losing the content. Of course it could also back fire in some horrible nuclear way.

      --
      I read at +2. If your post doesn't reach that level I will not see or respond to it.
    23. Re: a pattern lately by Anubis+IV · · Score: 5, Informative

      We are talking about Yellowstone, so consideration is needed as to how such preventative actions may affect the features which attract visitors.

      I certainly hope you forgot your </sarcasm> tag there, since given the choice between "Yellowstone is an uninhabitable crater" and "Yellowstone is the caldera of the supervolcano that destroyed humanity", I'm going to go out on a limb and suggest that the former option—the one where humans still exist—would be better for tourism.

      Last I had heard, they were estimating that an eruption of the Yellowstone supervolcano could result in 10 feet (i.e. 3 m) of ash being deposited in Houston. Even without considering the life-ending clouds that would cover the earth for decades, that much ash on the ground would be more than enough to end a civilization for the simple reasons that you wouldn't be able to breathe, move about, or work the land.

      Now, for folks who aren't intimately familiar with US geography, this may sound like yet another tragedy for the people of Houston after the recent hurricane that ravaged the city, but that's missing the point entirely. The point here is that Houston is nowhere close to Yellowstone. Nowhere close.

      To put it in perspective for any Europeans, the distance from Yellowstone to Houston (i.e. ~1300 miles or ~2100 km as the crow flies) is roughly the same as the distance from Amsterdam to Moscow (or London to Bucharest or Paris to Istanbul). Another way of putting it is that if an eruption of this magnitude happened in Munich, you'd have to travel to the Arctic Circle, the middle of the Sahara, or somewhere beyond Moscow before you'd see less ash than what I described. For any Aussies, it'd mean that if an eruption happened in Alice Springs, the entire country would be under that much ash or more. You'd have to get pretty far into Papua New Guinea or Indonesia before you'd see any less than I described.

      All of which is to say, we're talking about life-ending amounts of ash being deposited across entire continents, so preventative measures may be necessary if we want there to be tourism, not just in Yellowstone, but anywhere on the planet.

    24. Re: a pattern lately by jwhyche · · Score: 2

      This is truth too. But I have to wonder on the "we'refuckedometer" what would it really matter if it was a super volcano or a radioactive super volcano?

      An in a life is stranger than reality moment I was watch George Carlen yesterday doing a stage show about the planet shaking us off like fleas on a dog. Make me wonder....

      --
      I read at +2. If your post doesn't reach that level I will not see or respond to it.
    25. Re: a pattern lately by s122604 · · Score: 3, Informative

      The drilling plans I've seen is to come in at a very shallow angle. So shallow that the drills would actually start outside Yellowstone itself, intersecting with the magma chamber miles underground on its side.
      This is supposedly far less prone to cause destabilization risks..

    26. Re: a pattern lately by jwhyche · · Score: 2

      Given the nature of the discussion it might be safer is you stayed in your cave.

      --
      I read at +2. If your post doesn't reach that level I will not see or respond to it.
    27. Re: a pattern lately by jwhyche · · Score: 2

      Well there you go. Problem solved by Slashdot. Jerky for everyone!

      --
      I read at +2. If your post doesn't reach that level I will not see or respond to it.
  2. Shit... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Yeah, I don't see us beating this one. Engage roman orgy mode.

    1. Re: Shit... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Insignificant. You are missing the point. A super volcano would cause massive climate change. Almost all current crops would die off in their new climate. All of California's crop would be covered in ash. You cannot feed massive populations without modern farms. That's just the beginning. The dinosaurs didn't die out due to getting hit by an asteroid. They died of starvation and climate change as a result of the asteroid. No moving of populations or mask filters would help that.

    2. Re: Shit... by Mashiki · · Score: 2

      No problem, we're not even using the farmland here in Canada to capacity for food grains. We're actually using less every year because of increasing yields on existing farmland. And unless something very screwy happens with the jetstream the prairies in central canada and the great lakes region wouldn't have any issues either.

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      Om, nomnomnom...
    3. Re: Shit... by crashumbc · · Score: 2

      umm except that the ash in the upper atmosphere would cause a ice age in Canada.

      Think Mexcio or south, Sarah? maybe ... these areas might become the places where food could still be grown, given enough light.

    4. Re: Shit... by LynnwoodRooster · · Score: 4, Funny

      Hey, leave Sarah out of this! I know you want to plow her, but there is another story on /. front page about Facebook and sex workers, go plow one of them...

      --
      Browsing at +1 - no ACs, I ignore their posts. So refreshing!
    5. Re: Shit... by rthille · · Score: 2

      If I recall my geology field trip correctly, the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff was about a meter thick, in CA, east of the Sierras at least.

      --
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  3. Don't worry. Don't be an alarmist. by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 5, Funny
    Elon Musk just announced he has accelerated the Mars rocket program. We should be able to migrate to Mars well in time.

    "Since we are starting ab-initio in a new planet", he said, "the entire planetary infrastructure will be built on sustainable resources from the ground up from the start from get go". Complete with Boring Machines taking all the roads underground, with some tunnels reserved for hyperloop, cars will drive themselves to charging stations, a Dyson Sphere of 2 Astronomical units in diameter will refocus sunlight on the Mars surface to maintain Earth like lighting and temperature.

    He said "If Secretary General of UN would sign the contract, all this will be completed in 100 days or it would be free. "

    --
    sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
    1. Re:Don't worry. Don't be an alarmist. by saltydogdesign · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If we can figure out how to live on Mars, we can probably figure out how to live on Earth.

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      // This is not a sig.
    2. Re:Don't worry. Don't be an alarmist. by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 5, Funny

      Come on, already people are growing potatoes in shit in mars. I saw the documentary.

      --
      sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
    3. Re:Don't worry. Don't be an alarmist. by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 5, Funny

      I thought the documentary might have been fake because Sean Bean didn't die in it.

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
  4. Neat to know by Gilgaron · · Score: 2

    It'd be neat to know within decade precision when a supervolcano would blow, but that's still a pretty big window for humans to deal with practically. Can you do much to prepare for something on that scale that may or may not happen in 20 years?

    1. Re:Neat to know by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Based on the debris from the last two Yellowstone eruptions, over 80% of the continental US, most of unpopulated western Canada, and some of northern Mexico would experience significant ashfall. Weather patterns around the world would be disrupted for years. It would be a larger release of energy into the atmosphere than the most generous estimates of total animal activity since any records of human existence.

      Much like most of the other doomsday scenarios, some areas would become uninhabitable, and everywhere else would need to adapt.

  5. Re:Follow the money by Gilgaron · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Have you ever interacted with the officials that award research grants? They aren't panicky people.

  6. Re:Slow down! by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 5, Informative

    Shouldn't we wait until most people are no longer worried about a global warming catastrophe before we create a new armageddon story?

    The Yellowstone hot spot has been a cause for concern for a long, long time. It's also one of those things we can't do much about.

    We also have case history https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... as the hotspot travels and does it's thing. No need for humans to "create" anything.

    --
    The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
  7. The synopsis is wrong by TheCastro1689 · · Score: 5, Informative

    The scientist said that within the human lifte time we might be able to see the effects of what leads to a supervolcano. Basically within decades we could start seeing signs of a supervolcano that might erupt in 100+ years. That's what the article says.

  8. Re:Follow the money by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 2

    Have you ever interacted with the officials that award research grants? They aren't panicky people.

    As well, the definition of a "lot of money" seems to be quite fluid.

    --
    The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
  9. Run away by ICantFindADecentNick · · Score: 2

    Volcanos are good at grounding aircraft - so everyone will have to go on ground transport. Heading south all at once could be tricky - especially if someone puts a wall in the way.

  10. Re:Follow the money by burtosis · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Indeed. All federal funding for the National Science Foundation, which is the vast majority of all government investment in science research (outside of NASA which was 11.3B) is just 5.67 billion dollars for everything. That includes everything from researching Yellowstone to robotics to stem. The majority isn't even spent on hard sciences but rather integrating groups. We are talking grant money of maybe 100k here. Put that into perspective with 824 billion for the military. I'd say 0.000012% of our defense spending is very well spent on something that really could level most of America to smoking ruin, unlike some rag tag terrorists we helped create ourselves to have an excuse to wage wars that financially reward key players. Hell, I'd even up that to 0.001% and still call it financially sound.

  11. Re:Interesting by Gilgaron · · Score: 2

    From watching The Road I suppose we could stockpile edible insects that live well on dead and dried plant material. Or try to come up with novel ways to confuse future archaeologists, like building a stone henge in the bottom of Lake Erie.

  12. Good Grief by oh_my_080980980 · · Score: 5, Informative

    They are not saying it's a matter of decades from now when it will blow. It about how long it took for magma to move into the system until an eruption. The current study says decades, versus a previous study of another volcano that said millenniums.

    There's still debate about about pinning down "the precise trigger of the last Yellowstone event."

    None of these super volcanos are going to erupt anytime soon. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/1...

    So clam down. You're much more likely to get hit by car crossing a street then by a super volcano.

  13. Profitable ways to help prevent the eruption by burtosis · · Score: 2

    When even Fox News reports that it may be directly and immediately profitable to prevent such a disaster then we have some hope as a species. After all the initial investment would be less than 0.5% of our military budget, it would make money by generating electricity, and the reality is Yellowstone has the potential to level America to smoking ruins with a far far far higher probability than some malnourished idiots with an assault rifle or two on the other side of the planet.

  14. Cue the next disaster movie by boudie2 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    What would happen if "some nutjob" like in North Korea had one good missile and one good nuclear bomb attached to it and lobbed it right into the middle of the Yellowstone caldera? Would that possibly set it off or just make a mess? Or they could just throw a bomb in the back of a cube van and drive right in there. Precarious times we live in.

    1. Re:Cue the next disaster movie by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Terrorist here. Thank you, you just gave me an idea.

  15. Speed depends on Cause by Roger+W+Moore · · Score: 2

    Global Warming and Mass Extinction, are slow disasters

    That depends on what causes the mass extinction or global climate change. A large asteroid impact can cause a mass extinction and a global shift in temperatures on a very short timescale. Similarly, large volcanic eruptions can cool the climate very rapidly causing crops to fail etc.