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Japan Team Maps 'Semi-Infinite' Trove of Rare Earth Elements (japantimes.co.jp)

schwit1 quotes a report from The Japan Times: Japanese researchers have mapped vast reserves of rare earth elements in deep-sea mud, enough to feed global demand on a "semi-infinite basis," according to a new study. The deposit, found within Japan's exclusive economic zone waters, contains more than 16 million tons of the elements needed to build high-tech products ranging from mobile phones to electric vehicles, according to the study, released Tuesday in the journal Scientific Reports. The team, comprised of several universities, businesses and government institutions, surveyed the western Pacific Ocean near Minamitori Island. In a sample area of the mineral-rich region, the team's survey estimated 1.2 million tons of "rare earth oxide" is deposited there, said the study, conducted jointly by Waseda University's Yutaro Takaya and the University of Tokyo's Yasuhiro Kato, among others. The finding extrapolates that a 2,500-sq. km region off the southern Japanese island should contain 16 million tons of the valuable elements, and "has the potential to supply these metals on a semi-infinite basis to the world," the study said.

82 of 162 comments (clear)

  1. Space Economics by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    There goes asteroid mining.

    1. Re:Space Economics by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 5, Informative

      There goes asteroid mining.

      Nope. "Rare earth" metals were never the rational for asteroid mining, because rare earth metals are not actually rare. They are fairly common, but generally don't exist in concentrated ores that can be economically mined. Neither asteroids nor deep sea deposits change that, because neither is going to be more economical to mine than known deposits in China, Africa, and California.

      The Mountain Pass Mine in California is currently mothballed, not because of lack or ore, but because prices are too low to stay in business.

      Asteroid mining is for metals like gold, platinum, and other siderophile elements, which are rare in the earth's crust, but thousands of times more common in the earth's core and in asteroids. The earth's crust is mostly oxides, so metals that do not oxidize readily tend to sink to the core.

    2. Re:Space Economics by bongey · · Score: 1

      No the Mountain Pass Mine mainly closed due to environmental control cost.

    3. Re:Space Economics by crypticedge · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Environmental control costs raise prices of the ore mined from that mine, thus prices were too low for them to stay in business without poisoning the landscape.

      Thanks for agreeing.

    4. Re:Space Economics by skovnymfe · · Score: 1

      Is that not the same as the prices not being high enough for it to stay in business?

  2. Seriously?!?!?!?!? by OzPeter · · Score: 3

    The Duped story is the one before this one. WTF editors .. get your shit together

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    1. Re:Seriously?!?!?!?!? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      It's already semi-infinite

    2. Re:Seriously?!?!?!?!? by LifesABeach · · Score: 1

      I guess this posting deserves repeating? LOL

    3. Re:Seriously?!?!?!?!? by scdeimos · · Score: 1

      At least they're consistent dupes - BeauHD put them both in the hide-and-seek dept.

    4. Re:Seriously?!?!?!?!? by SuperKendall · · Score: 1

      I just figured it made sense there are also a semi-inifinte supply of stories about the rare earth find.

      --
      "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
    5. Re:Seriously?!?!?!?!? by stealth_finger · · Score: 1

      It's not a dupe, it's semi-unique.

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  3. Dupe articles... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    I thought Slashdot's new owner would fix this shit by now.

    1. Re:Dupe articles... by Lunix+Nutcase · · Score: 1

      Hard to do when the duper is the owner himself.

  4. "semi-infinite" = bullshit by gweihir · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Either infinite or not. If not infinite, then not "semi-infinite" either. As physical and real, not infinite.

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    1. Re:"semi-infinite" = bullshit by Blymie · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Better to divide by zero, than divide infinity. At least my brain won't explode.

    2. Re:"semi-infinite" = bullshit by swillden · · Score: 1

      Either infinite or not. If not infinite, then not "semi-infinite" either. As physical and real, not infinite.

      Bah.

      Yeah, it's imprecise use of language, but it's quite clear that what they mean is "more than we're ever likely to need".

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    3. Re:"semi-infinite" = bullshit by es330td · · Score: 2

      Either infinite or not. If not infinite, then not "semi-infinite" either. As physical and real, not infinite.

      Though diagnosed, my mother in law is not being treated for cancer because the doctors have determined that at her age something else will cause her death long before cancer does. I think in this situation semi-infinite can be read as "longer than we have for shortage to be of concern."

    4. Re:"semi-infinite" = bullshit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      I'll rank semi-infinite rare earth materials up there with perpetual motion / free energy and get-rich-quick schemes. AKA con jobs.

    5. Re:"semi-infinite" = bullshit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      For the next 100 years. Humankind, especially governments and corporations can't seem to see beyond even 20 years so they probably think it's "semi-infinite", but I bet after 50 years of mining, they'll go, "um oops, we are running out."

    6. Re:"semi-infinite" = bullshit by Lunix+Nutcase · · Score: 1, Offtopic

      Stop being an aspie literalist. Most people know what was meant by that term.

    7. Re:"semi-infinite" = bullshit by Zontar+The+Mindless · · Score: 2

      Either words actually mean things, or they don't. Take your pick.

      --
      Il n'y a pas de Planet B.
    8. Re:"semi-infinite" = bullshit by gweihir · · Score: 1

      Yeah, it means "we think our readers are too stupid to deal with numbers". They may just be right on this.

      I am not being a "literalist" here. I am criticizing that they do not give _any_ indication of how long this will last at present consumption levels.

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    9. Re:"semi-infinite" = bullshit by gweihir · · Score: 1

      The words of an AC mean nothing, usually. But it seems this specific AC is just a moron that want to be treated as such.

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    10. Re:"semi-infinite" = bullshit by hawk · · Score: 1

      Your brain maybe, but keeping in mind that when God divides by zero, we get another black hole . . .

      hawk

    11. Re:"semi-infinite" = bullshit by gweihir · · Score: 1

      You must be one of these "toxic" people I keep hearing so much about. Complete losers that try to elevate themselves by putting others down. Pathetic. Know that you put a big grin on my face.

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    12. Re:"semi-infinite" = bullshit by Zontar+The+Mindless · · Score: 1

      We're very sorry that you're unable to accept the simple truth that there are rules in life other than "What I feel like right now".

      --
      Il n'y a pas de Planet B.
  5. "semi-infinite"? by chphilli · · Score: 1

    I feel like the term "semi-infinite" attached to anything remotely valuable _vastly_ underestimates humankind's capacity for consumption. On a separate note... what does "semi-infinite" even mean? Half of an infinite number is still infinite, at least under the general understanding of infinity.

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    Please ignore any obvious problems in this post.
    1. Re:"semi-infinite"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      well, mathematically semi-infinite means infinite in only one direction, like the natural and whole number sets. They have a lowest number but no highest number.

      In this case I think semi-infinite just means more than the currently projected human usage, but still a finite amount.

    2. Re:"semi-infinite"? by coolmoe2 · · Score: 1

      Okay how about resources you know are there but you know your ability to extract them will take a long time to build up. Think about it like oil reserves you know a shitload of oil is in that pocket buried deep within the earth but you also know it's going to take a long time to drill the the hole to get there and thus its going to be expensive as fuck gain access to it . So maybe the headline should have been "reserves that we can tap for the foreseeable future" would have been more apt.

    3. Re:"semi-infinite"? by rtb61 · · Score: 1

      The problem with rare earths, why China took the lead, is not having the resource, it is the pollution generated trying to extract the resource. Reason why not so popular in the US http://tucson.com/business/loc... from the article "The most hazardous refineries are those that crack the tight chemical bonds that tie rare earths found in mineral ores to a variety of hazardous materials, notably radioactive thorium.". So either tons of pollution in Africa, or much more stable and safe resources in isolated locations in Australia. Japan a fish loving nation is going to pollute it's waters to extreme levels to gain rare earths, hmm, decisions, decisions.

      The problem with rare earths is not having them, it is extracting them that is often extremely problematic.

      --
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  6. Semi-infinite... just like petro, apparently. by Lead+Butthead · · Score: 1

    And we all thought black gold would flow forever at the beginning of last century...

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    1. Re:Semi-infinite... just like petro, apparently. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Kinda funny how it is in fact, still flowing....

    2. Re:Semi-infinite... just like petro, apparently. by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1

      And we all thought black gold would flow forever at the beginning of last century...

      And proven oil reserves now are larger than they've ever been. We've been finding more oil faster than we've been burning it.

      So far.

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
  7. Out of Mothballs by A10Mechanic · · Score: 1

    Time to break out the Hughes Glomar Explorer. It's original CIA cover story was mining from the ocean floor for rare minerals. Actually using it for that purpose would be sweet irony, instead of trying to raise sunken Soviet subs.

    1. Re:Out of Mothballs by thinkwaitfast · · Score: 1

      Unfortunately it was sent to be scrapped. Or so we were told.

    2. Re:Out of Mothballs by dead_user · · Score: 1

      Stuff You Should Know, perhaps? They just covered this last week. The fact that the Glomar Response came from this is just awesome. "I can neither confirm nor deny ..."

  8. Semi-infinite? by nospam007 · · Score: 4, Funny

    Is that a bit like semi-pregnant?

    1. Re:Semi-infinite? by godrik · · Score: 1

      So if your better half is pregnant, doesn't that make you semi-pregnant?
      Not sure how that maps to semi-infinite though.

    2. Re:Semi-infinite? by sexconker · · Score: 2

      Statistically, they were not.

      Percent literally means per hundred. You don't take percentages relating to group metrics and attribute them to individuals. An all-or-nothing binary distribution shows you how fucking stupid that is in an extreme case. It's just as stupid whenever the thing your modeling isn't following a known distribution (or it does but you're using the wrong model to determine the "average" expected values), or your population size is too fucking low for anything to matter.

      The joke your dad's friend gives statisticians a mild ribbing, but they need far more than that.

    3. Re:Semi-infinite? by sexconker · · Score: 1

      Infinity * 0.5 is still infinity.

      No, it's nonsense.

      If you think it makes any sense at all, then please explain:

      infinity * 0
      infinity - infinity
      infinity / 0
      infinity / infinity
      infinity ^ -infinity
      infinity + i

      You cannot perform calculations on infinity. You can perform calculations on n and find the limit (if there is one) as n approaches infinity (from both sides!) and get a useful answer for a specific situation. You can sometimes simplify your shit before hand to avoid infinity. But you absolutely cannot compute on infinity and get a meaningful result. (And substituting x for infinity, computing, then substituting infinity for x doesn't work either.)

      The same goes for infinite series. There are very limited things you can do when manipulating infinite series in order to evaluate them in a logically consistent manner. Otherwise we get absolute horseshit that people in Numberphile and Mathologer videos trot out. Here's Mathologer taking Numberphile to task https://www.youtube.com/watch?... , but he commits the same sort of bullshit with infinite series/sums all the time.

      He even tried to pull anything * 10 is just shifting the decimal over, so 10 * 0.333... = 3.333...
      3.333... - 0.333... = 10 * 0.333... - 1 *0.333...
      3 = 9 * 0.333 ...
      1 = 3 * 0.333...
      1 = 0.999...

      FALSE! BULLSHIT! BAD MATHOLOGER!!
      Shifting the decimal over is an artifact of our base 10 system. 0.333... * 10 is incomputable!
      You can just as well argue that it would have a 0 at the end of it, so it's 3.333...0, then when you're trying to subtract the original 0.333... from it you're FUCKED! You don't get to drop that zero because the other number, 0.333 has a fucking 3 in every slot, including that infinite+oneth slot where the zero is, and all slots past that.

      It's absurd! You can't fucking do that!
      0.333... doesn't equal anything but 0.333... . Unless you know how you arrived at the computed result of 0.333... , or otherwise know what's going on within very well-defined circumstances, you absolutely cannot say 0.333... is equal to 1/3 or 0.999... is equal to 1.

  9. Resurrect Glomar Explorer by k6mfw · · Score: 1

    Finally dig for something we can use instead of a broken Russian sub.

    --
    mfwright@batnet.com
  10. Godzilla? by MrTester · · Score: 4, Funny

    Am I the only person who's first reaction was to think "AHA! So mining these rare earth metals are what will awaken Godzilla"

    1. Re: Godzilla? by TimMD909 · · Score: 1

      You mean Gojira? Naw, that is made up. Pulgasari, however, is real.

  11. Semi-pregnant = healthy baby with no legs by tepples · · Score: 1

    Would "semi-pregnant" mean your ultrasound shows a healthy baby but with no legs?

    "Semi-infinite" in the featured article is hyperbole, but it does mean several lifetimes' worth at present consumption: "The report said there were hundreds of years of reserves of most of the rare earths in the area surveyed."

    1. Re:Semi-pregnant = healthy baby with no legs by gweihir · · Score: 1

      Except that when there is a lot of something, the human race has a talent for starting to waste it...

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    2. Re:Semi-pregnant = healthy baby with no legs by stabiesoft · · Score: 1

      Sand comes to mind.

    3. Re: Semi-pregnant = healthy baby with no legs by tepples · · Score: 1

      I would have chosen a less pornographic example, such as Spencer West, Kevin Michael Connolly, Kanya Sesser, or Jen Bricker.

    4. Re:Semi-pregnant = healthy baby with no legs by gweihir · · Score: 1

      And lo and behold, there is a sand shortage:
          https://www.independent.co.uk/...

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    5. Re:Semi-pregnant = healthy baby with no legs by stabiesoft · · Score: 1

      I know., it was sort of my point. PBS did a story about it and I was pretty surprised it could be in short supply. People were stealing the stuff. I think not all sand though. Some is better than others for beaches, concrete, etc.

  12. Environmental Impact of Extraction by Athanasius · · Score: 1

    With many sea-based species already being under high stress would the environmental impact of such mining push many of those in the area to extinction ?

  13. coming problem with this by WindBourne · · Score: 1

    China will not be able to have their monopoly. I would not be surprised if China decides to declare that area to belong to them. It would be in keeping with their other aggressive actions.

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    1. Re:coming problem with this by AHuxley · · Score: 1

      China will flood the market with much lower cost products until Japan cannot afford exploration and production costs.

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
    2. Re:coming problem with this by sabbede · · Score: 1

      I had a similar thought - if Japan found rare earths in the Sea of China, China would claim them and things could go downhill rather quickly. However, Minamitori Island is over a thousand kilometers to the East of Japan, putting the find well out of China's grasp.

    3. Re:coming problem with this by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      not just east, but south. In fact, it is the furthest south east. Still, china has a history in Asia of claiming anything of value. the CCP prefers indirect control, but will go after direct control if needed.

      It will be interesting to see what China's gov does. These are very likely to be cheaper than what china can dig. The reason is that ocean is now easier than getting into the ground, and the ores are richer in REMs than Chinas.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    4. Re:coming problem with this by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      they will likely try, but it should be easier/cheaper to mine than the ground based REMs. In addition, higher concentration.
      But, assume that China gov subsidized and dumps (which is how they do things like Steel, aluminum, LEDs, solar, etc). All Japanese gov needs to do is continue mining with gov mining and setting it aside ( like US Helium and oil reserves ). Once the prices rise enough, then release it on the market.
      China's gov appears to have plenty of money, but they have been going heavily into debt manufacturing new cities, while at same time, trying to destroy the western economy.

      --
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    5. Re:coming problem with this by sabbede · · Score: 1
      Southeast from Tokyo, East from the next closest part of the archipelago, but yeah it's pretty far out.

      The worst situation would be if the find was in Japan's part of the Sea of China as China has claimed all of it and would try to exploit the find. That could get out of hand very fast. With the find being as far as it is from anything China has tried to grab, I expect they'll try and get permission for one of their companies to mine it, be denied, and eventually try to buy whatever company or companies do start mining it. In some regions that would work, but I don't expect Japan to allow it.

    6. Re: coming problem with this by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      Did u miss the part where this is already done regularly?

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    7. Re: coming problem with this by CaffeinatedBacon · · Score: 1

      Did you end up finding even 1 place that regularly mines 5km underwater?

  14. That sound you hear... by es330td · · Score: 4, Insightful

    is the Chinese leadership lamenting the loss of the pressure point they thought they had to influence the world.

    1. Re:That sound you hear... by thegarbz · · Score: 1

      There is a bit of a cost difference to mining land than mining the bottom of the ocean.

  15. Maybe somebody lost a sub by sgtsquid · · Score: 1

    Maybe somebody just lost a sub on the floor of the Pacific. If the Chinese suddenly break out a refurbished Glomar Explorer soon that will be our answer.

  16. ...but 2 x semi-infinite = infinite? by Roger+W+Moore · · Score: 1

    Either infinite or not. If not infinite, then not "semi-infinite" either. As physical and real, not infinite.

    Ah, but according to Slashdot, they found two semi-infinite troves. So technically that's just one infinite trove!

  17. Re: People going to prison by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    If Hilary is someone you want to represent all women and therefore project hate against her as hate against all womanhood, then you must hate women very much and look upon them as evil corrupt creatures. That's what the association would signify at least. Next time make a better choice on projection tactics, this one is a dud.

  18. Slashdot maps semi-infinite trove of dupes. by Qbertino · · Score: 2

    EOM

    --
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  19. All you have to do is destroy the Ocean Bottom by neoRUR · · Score: 1

    To mine it all up, that's all we have to do, destroy to ocean and the marina animals and sushi fish living there, I'm sure they won't mind, Its not like the animals can do anything about it anyways.

  20. Until China by bongey · · Score: 1

    Builds more islands and claims that it is now part of their territory.

  21. Japan announced this in 2011. by aster_ken · · Score: 1
  22. This just in: by rworne · · Score: 4, Funny

    A Chinese scholar just discovered a long lost 14th century docx file declaring the sea around Japan as Chinese sovereign territory, pushing aside a Korean waving a 15th century PDF file claiming it was theirs.

    --
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  23. And here in the U.S. ... by rnturn · · Score: 1

    ... we're too busy looking for more decomposed dinosaurs and plants to burn to be looking ahead like the Japanese.

    --
    CUR ALLOC 20195.....5804M
  24. Rare Earth Eliments? by bjwest · · Score: 1

    So, rare earth elements aren't so rare after all then.

    My biggest concern is: what is mining this resource going to do to the environment? Japan's already screwed up the northern Pacific with Fukushima to the point I'm concerned about eating Alaskan Salmon, or any north Pacific fish, what is their mining of this sea silt going to do to further damage the Pacific Ocean? The places on land that they these elements are pretty fucked environmentally, and that damage can't be carried around the world on air currents like ocean pollution can.

    --

    --- Keep the choice with the user..
    1. Re:Rare Earth Eliments? by mpercy · · Score: 1

      Cleave (as a husband to a wife) and cleave (as in use a cleaver on something).

      Not to mention the common abuse of "literally" to mean "figuratively", which is the exact opposite of literally.

    2. Re:Rare Earth Eliments? by mpercy · · Score: 1

      They were never rare as in "not a lot of them" they were rare because they do not tend to be found in concentrated ores. They are common and ubiquitous, but good luck putting enough together to do anything on a commercial scale with them without a crapton of effort and processing.

  25. Comprised of? by mpercy · · Score: 1

    Come on Slashdot.

    1. Re:Comprised of? by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 1

      Could've been worst...

      "The team, compromised of several universities, businesses and government institutions..."

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  26. Re:Semi-infinite? Is that like "more unique"? by mpercy · · Score: 1

    Yep, some people should not be allowed to string words together in nonsensical patterns.

  27. Semi-infinite by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 1

    You keep using that word, I do not think it means what you think it means.

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    #DeleteFacebook
    1. Re:Semi-infinite by hawk · · Score: 1

      It semi-means that . . . :)

      hawk

  28. Re:nice sensationalism by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 1

    I don't know, but this topic comes up when you search for "semi-infinite" on Google right now.

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  29. This just in: by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 1

    A citizen of Pl-oar-tg'z (closest we can write to the actual name) claims his second-male parent gave the whole planet to him/her on its 49021'th birthday.

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    #DeleteFacebook
  30. Re:Semi-infinite? Is that like "more unique"? by DontBeAMoran · · Score: 1

    Yep, some people should not be allowed to string words together in nonsensical patterns.

    Oh, let me try!

    dry water
    solid vacuum
    half-hole
    quasi-stationary
    microsoft windows

    Wait...

    --
    #DeleteFacebook
  31. Buried the lead (in the mud!) by Hallux-F-Sinister · · Score: 1

    Though not in the summary, I heard they also found DILITHIUM SALTS, from which the 4-dimensional dilithium crystals can be grown! Just add an adequate supply of antimatter, and... stars, HERE WE COME! I am going to get my application in to Star Fleet Academy, like... TODAY!

    --
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  32. Also a pretty "meh" story by DarthVain · · Score: 1

    Not only are rare earths not really rare, and even if like in Mongolia this might be a "deposit" that is a bit more concentrated to make it economical, the REAL problem with the extraction of the metals is how dirty and horrible the process is, which is why it is almost exclusively done in places with little or no environmental protection as otherwise it would just be too expensive...

    But sure, lets extract in a place like Japan, and lets also do it under water in the ocean, because surely that A) won't be massively more expensive environment to work in, and B) won't have any oceanic environmental impact at all...

    Looking statistically China produces 90% of all production in the world, and of that 70% is from the one place in inner Mongolia. Oddly Australia seems to produce quite a bit (relatively speaking compared to the rest) which surprised me a bit. Of course they have some pretty vastly unpopulated areas also which might make it publicly tolerable.