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China Now the Most Prolific Contributor To Physical Sciences, Engineering, and Math (bloomberg.com)
An anonymous reader quotes a report from Bloomberg: Thirty years ago in December, the modern exchange of scholars between the U.S. and China began. Since then, Chinese academics have become the most prolific global contributors to publications in physical sciences, engineering and math. Recent attempts by the U.S. to curtail academic collaboration are unlikely to change this trend. Qingnan Xie of Nanjing University of Science & Technology and Richard Freeman of Harvard University have studied China's contribution to global scientific output. They document a rapid expansion between 2000 and 2016, as the Chinese share of global publications in physical sciences, engineering and math quadrupled. By 2016, the Chinese share exceeded that of the U.S. Furthermore, the authors argue that these metrics -- which are based on the addresses of the authors -- understate China's impact. The data don't count papers written by Chinese researchers located in other countries with addresses outside China and exclude most papers written in Chinese publications. The researchers adjusted for both factors and conclude that Chinese academics now account for more than one-third of global publications in these scientific fields.
Now, exclude all papers found to be misleading, wrong or outright fake. How big is China's impact on contributing to the sciences now?
Yes, but the US has the best Fortnite players. Who's laughing now?
Cue Alice Cooper's "School's Out"...
When you put lots of money into lots of research by lots of people, this is the result. I should expect that Chinese universities have the same requirements for tenure depending on submitting of published work, result: lots of papers.
China is still the least prolific contributor to human rights and decency.
Furthermore, the authors argue that these metrics -- which are based on the addresses of the authors -- understate China's impact. The data don't count papers written by Chinese researchers located in other countries with addresses outside China and exclude most papers written in Chinese publications. The researchers adjusted for both factors and conclude that Chinese academics now account for more than one-third of global publications in these scientific fields.
So the study does somehow take into account all papers written by US researchers outside the US? If not, why wasn't that mentioned and if it was, why wasn't the same methodology used for Chinese authors?
I don't think this factors in what I believe is a higher likelihood for scientific papers originating in China to involve plagiarism and/or fraud. Although the authors note an increase in publications in high-impact journals like Nature and Science, there doesn't appear to be any other real quality metric - just a note about valuing the average paper coming from China as 1/5 as much as a Western paper, based on number of subsequent citations. With the goals of this study, I don't think that's a rigorous enough metric to draw any conclusions other than that the quantity of papers emerging from China is increasing.
A few years ago when I was at university doing my BEng degree almost half of my course were chinese students so it doesn't come as a real surprise.
I only please one person per day. Today is not your day. Tomorrow isn't looking good either. - Scott Adams
The problem here is counting papers.
It leads to endless improper
conclusions and comparisons, and this is just the latest such nonsense.
In my specialty field (tactfully not mentioned) China has zero representation.
The word on the street is that in many fields they produce cutting edge research, while in
others fields they lead the world in fake research.
What are these raw numbers meant to tell us?
From what I have seen so far Chinese papers are universally fraud. I am on peer review lists for a number of papers, and from what I have seen it is mostly junk papers that are coming out of China. Not just language, that can be forgiven/edited, but bad methods, obviously cooked data, blatant plagiarism.
There are four Chinese for every American, five for every two Europeans. All other things being equal, they're going to become the dominant country in everything.
The only country that's going to be close is India (again, all other things being equal).
Lacking a major war, or internal political factors, the Chinese and Indians are going to dominate the world over the next couple centuries, and the USA is going to go the way of the UK - a nation that dominated "back then"....
Note, for the record, that I don't think "all other things being equal" actually applies. I don't think either China or India can liberalize enough to allow their inherent advantages to really take hold. But you never can tell....
"I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
If the USA made them mandatory, then yes.
If only their quality was as high as their quantity.
One common complaint within scholarly circles in recent times is the unusually low quality of published works coming out of China.
China is to academic publishing as India is to computer software development. It seems like every other person there is producing this stuff, but only a very small subset produce something worth paying attention to.
I know some people recoil at the idea of the advancement of China (for obvious sociopolitical reasons) but the advancement of science is good no matter where it happens. I'm disappointed by the lack of investment in science by my own nation but the advancement of humanity via science is global.
Anons need not reply. Questions end with a question mark.
Those Muslim concentration / re-education camps are well run enough to make Hitler blush in hell.
Have you even one credible source for that smear?
I am sure that there are many other solipsists out there.
This is because the majority of them are good at proliferating every other unsuspecting country and stealing their technologies, shipping it back home.
They also have more english speakers.
Is that taking into account Chinese speakers' superior grammar, spelling, punctuation, accent and familiarity with English literature?
I am sure that there are many other solipsists out there.
Decades ago, the terms "least publishable unit" and "least patent-able unit" were being thrown around.
Bear in mind that patent laws and publishing practices have undergone some changes in the years since.
Under an "LPA" philosophy of the time, you did what you could to maximize the number of publications and patents you could get out of any invention or research, because when it came to getting money from entities that don't look too closely, "weight-ness makes great-ness" and both will be good for your employer/institution and your personal career.
Some things have changed.
The USA has a new patent review process.
Many more journals are open/non-paywalled.
Many more "journals" and "conferences" are "fake/in name only."
Some things haven't:
Many people including many academics are still motivated by greed and prestige.
Knowledge is how to play a game, intelligence is how to win, wisdom is knowing what game to play.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/08/world/asia/china-uighur-muslim-detention-camp.html
The US now leads the world in "what the fuck?"
Gauntlet thrown Australia
As are all communist regimes. State slavery. There is nothing to admire about them.
Corporatism != Free Market
I guess that's true.. Unless you count things like paper, gun powder, the compass, silk, alcohol, type printing, the clock, iron smelting, farming, money and stuff like that.
Sorry, while China (or predecessor cultures in areas now encompassed by China) did invent (or discover) some of these things, several items on these lists originated in other areas, often millennia earlier. I've bolded the earliest known uses below:
Actual earliest evidence of these inventions,
Paper - Egypt, 2600 BCE , China 100BCE
Gunpowder - China 1044 CE
Compass, divination - Olmec, 1400 BCE, Navigation, China - 11tch C CE
Silk - China - Ca. 4000 BCE
Alcohol, purposely fermented - earliest Chinese archaeological results (disputed) ca. 6500 BCE, Georgia (firm) - 6000 BCE (note, consuming spontaneously fermented alcohol doubtlessly occurred millenia earlier around the world)
Type printing - China, ca 1000 CE
Earliest Iron Smelting - (meteoric) - Egypt, 5th Century BCE, (Ore) - Anatolia, 3rd Millennium BCE, China - 14th C BCE
Farming - MideastMideast ca 3000 BCE, China, ca 1000 BCE
So where's it say that some form of religion is mandated by the state in the US? Right. Canada has a heavier influence of religion on it's state then the US, to the point that Catholics were guaranteed protected rights, including a fully functional and separate education system funded by general revenue taxes. And *is* mandated by the state and constitutional law that it must exist.
Om, nomnomnom...
America's top "mathletes" have won the first place once again this year in the international Math Olympiad.
The team's group picture, however, is as racist as it gets...
In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
The Chinese may be on a trajectory to mimic the historical Japanese leap from cheap copycats to innovators and technology leaders. However, that hasn't happened yet and is not guaranteed to happen. The absolute number of academic papers isn't very interesting as the number publication venues have exploded much faster than the number of top conferences. The modest increase in the number of Chinese-authored papers in top conferences is much more impressive than the increase in the total number of papers in all conferences.
If the Chinese were truly interested in raising their international academic publishing profile, they should thinking about SEO-like ways to increase their citation rankings. Top conferences tends to be gated by self-interested incumbents that not only tend to crowd out new Chinese authors but also new non-Chinese authors. In contrast, citation rankings are guarded by algorithms and not a cadre of self-selected experts.
Mathematics is plural.
We call it Maths where I come from.
3 asians and 2 brown people is not racist. Not all asians and not all brown people are the same race. There may be more than 5 races represented there as 'muricans love to intermix.
I doubt any other country is more diverse.
And I fear that this wont begin to change, as long as top government keeps their belief that science is opinion and not fact.
That explains a lot when you think about it.
Jesus was all about sacrifice for the greater good. Something today's Americans just don't understand or accept while Canadians can't accept anything but. It's why Canadians have a real healthcare system and Americans have to decide between life and debt. Because Canada is a Christian country and Americans are just filthy atheists.
lol
Really? So why don't you explain why the average family here in Canada drops upwards of $200/mo per-person for private healthcare insurance. On top of that, going broke from paying for medications happens a lot up here. Dropping dead from not being able to get any care at all, hell the US has Canada beat on that one. If you're dirt poor at least in the US you can still get treatment, in Canada you're on the waiting list with everyone else. But hey, if you think waiting 17 months to hit a pain clinic, 16 months for cataract surgery, waiting 6mo for heart surgery, and upwards of 3mo to even start cancer treatment is good. Well I've got news for you, oh and round it out that a few years ago in many Canadian provinces, they stopped paying GP's when they left for the day for their practice and did hospital rounds.
Yes...very endearing situation. Oh and I haven't even got to the point where the medial organizations are now engaging in witch hunts against doctors who prescribe opiates for pain, to the point where doctors are saying "welp, time to retire." Enjoy that 2-10 year wait for a new GP sucker, unless you get damned lucky.
Om, nomnomnom...
US Elite will work with China at all costs, moral costs. https://newrepublic.com/articl...
China has been working on this for decades, and there have been some notable academic fraud gaffes, but they've been putting in serious effort, and it adds up over time.
There are a lot of network effects in scientific research, and historically there's been a huge brain drain as Chinese have looked abroad for opportunities. But China has worked hard to create those opportunities domestically and it's no longer necessary to leave to do world-class science.
Some projects have been white elephants (the LAMOST telescope is a clever design hindered by a location near Beijing's notorious air pollution, and the FAST radio telescope is having startup problems), but the Daya Bay neutrino experiment has produced genuinely world-class results. And the CJPL underground laboratory looks very promising.
China desperately wants Nobel prizes. Plenty of expatriate Chinese have won them (like Yang Chen-Ning of the well-known Yang-Mills theory), but their first domestic winner was Tu Youyou in 2015 (Medicine). Now they're after chemistry and physics.
It used to be that China was long on ideological exhortations and graft, and short on solid engineering. It's learned that reality has a strong preference for the latter, and has built world-class infrastructures in HVDC power transmission and high-speed trains.
(It seems that the U.S. is going in the exact opposite direction, squandering its world-class science and engineering in favour of, you guessed it, ideological exhortations and graft.)
I wonder if the CEPC will go ahead. That's expensive even for China, but it'll put them in the forefront of particle physics.
Any group with disproportional representation of any race is — by the progressive definition racist. Blacks in the US comprise about 12% of the population, so it may be excusable for a group of fewer than 10 to not have any. But Whites are a majority, so any group of two or more without a single White person is racist. Case closed.
Now, as we also know from the same progressive teachers of the people, denial of racism is in itself racist. Yes, I'm looking sternly at you, racist, you have been exposed.
In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
That's nice, the largest nation in the world produces the most reseach papers got it. But are they mostly crap papers? https://qz.com/978037/china-pu... https://www.nytimes.com/2017/1... https://www.nature.com/news/20... Did the author of that peper just use numbers of papers written, just as they only used email addresses from within China to count Chinese papers?
"Governments have been dominated by the corporate entities and citizens have ceased to matter in public policy" true in
Is that taking into account Chinese speakers' superior grammar, spelling, punctuation, accent and familiarity with English literature?
Let me put it this way. When the company I work for sends something off for fabbing in Japan, S.Korea, or doing work in Singapore, we don't need translators. When we do it in China, we require at least four different levels. If you're part of the "highly educated" segment of Chinese society you have a pretty good chance of getting english. But if you're some poor-boy/girl that's looking to make their money after leaving the dirt farm, you're outta luck. On the other hand, a 10 year old has a better grasp of english then your average person in China. This is because there is a massive education gap, and really it's no different then any society that's working through modernizing.
But a second, third, fourth language is like any other skill. If you don't practice it, it degrades. ~30 years ago, I could speak and write fluent french, japanese, and german, besides english. That's because I grew up in a multiethnic household, french was required until grade 12 and all that. Today? My english and japanese is meh, my german is terrible, my french is horrible(even though everything is bilingual here in Ontario). Simply because of a lack of use beyond speaking, or hammering something out in a technical paper.
Om, nomnomnom...
I read a lot of cancer research. China's researchers are repeating a lot of western studies done over the previous half century, which I find useful. But it is not original research.
I surmise that China genuinely wants to know more about old answers, from the nuts and bolts to basic veracity, find opportunities (lots of them) and to train a generation of its scientists with an answer guide.
It is official doctrine of Roman Catholicism and many Protestant sects that it is belief in God and the divinity of Jesus that makes someone a Christian, not good works.
On a related note, sacrifice is self-destruction, inherently a part of most evil.
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Reading past news about this, isn't being published a requirement for advancement? Or at least increases your academic resume? My understanding is that it is like a big social circle jerk, whereby having more publications gives you a one-up on fellow academics. In this case quantity is more important than quality, and peer review is basically a rubber stamp. Please correct me if wrong.
OK, I read TFA. The camps are bad, but they're nowhere near as bad as Hitler's concentration camps. They are not death camps, they're not lifetime imprisonment. They're anti-Muslim "re-education" camps, particularly anti-extreme-Muslim, and apparently there's also some job training going on.
To summarize: it's not Hitler level evil, it's modern communist level evil.
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It is because China, unlike the US, takes education a bit more seriously ?
The US hasn't yet figured out that you can't rely on outsourcing to solve all of your problems. ( A good example is relying on Russia to act as Space-Uber to get your astronauts up to the ISS )
When you piss off the country you rely on to make the magic happen, well. . . . you better have a local solution to fall back upon.
Which is why the public education system needs to be overhauled.
You don't get to stay a superpower for very long when your populations education sits at the bottom of your priority list.
Inside, hundreds of ethnic Uighur Muslims spend their days in a high-pressure indoctrination program, where they are forced to listen to lectures, sing hymns praising the Chinese Communist Party and write “self-criticism” essays, according to detainees who have been released.
Inside the American university, hundreds of thousands of students spend their days in a high-pressure indoctrination program, where they are forced to listen to lectures, sing hymns praising the Joys of Diversity and write “self-criticism” essays, according to detainees who have been released.
(-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
So where's it say that some form of religion is mandated by the state in the US? Right. Canada has a heavier influence of religion on it's state then the US, to the point that Catholics were guaranteed protected rights, including a fully functional and separate education system funded by general revenue taxes. And *is* mandated by the state and constitutional law that it must exist.
It's kind of butt-ironic that many US states have a constitutional amendment forbidding tax dollars from going to religious schools because their Protestant majorities were scared Catholic schools might get a piece of the Protestant school tax action.
Again, it is the power in the hands of government that is wrong, not who wields it or why. Neither side learns this.
(-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
Rome wasn't built in a day.
Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
Here's the difference, in Canada all the provinces and territories "buy as a block" on medications. US states could do the same, but they don't. Individual insurance companies do though, look at what Trump's admin did though and how much of a shockwave went through the industry when they forced through generics on several drugs. The name brand prices dropped through the floor, even in some cases undercutting generic drugs that were being newly manufactured.
You can be denied supplemental insurance in Canada for the same thing. If you were in Canada, your best option would be to get a disability waiver so the province(or if you live in a territory or mil base, the feds), to cover part of the cost. If you can live with the 42%(likely closer to 45% tax) rate that we pay up here, you can take your choice.
Om, nomnomnom...
It's kind of butt-ironic that many US states have a constitutional amendment forbidding tax dollars from going to religious schools because their Protestant majorities were scared Catholic schools might get a piece of the Protestant school tax action.
Considering the shitshows between Catholics and Protestants, right or wrong reasons that people chose against it. It was still the better option in the long run.
Again, it is the power in the hands of government that is wrong, not who wields it or why. Neither side learns this.
Well, here's the interesting thing. The Catholics up here in Canada were basically the "government of the day" when they got this little perk, there's lots of history on it but to say it's been a gigantic clusterfuck the size of a black hole would be an understatement.
Om, nomnomnom...
Though shall not speak of the effect having every person in power at the FDA or anywhere else sign their "blood oath" to the democratic/Republican Party mainstream during the election or the fact that all these political fixers are out on their ass and out of the way. It makes people who support the old status quo cry and downvote.
If you put the more generic racist arguments aside of Chinese not being a people of "original thought", there is a question of whether the modern Communist Chinese system will be able to be creative and inventive at the same rate as the West. This was the big question for a lot of nations, China included, on whether you could replicate the rapid pace of Western technological innovation and thought without the "harmful" concepts of liberal society and free flow of information. This is doubly true as the current PRC government under President Xi undoes a lot of the liberalization that had been driven by Deng Xiaoping following the Cultural Revolution.
Huawei, Xiaomi, ZTE, Oppo, DJI.
Due to sanctions Chinese can't purchase semiconductor manufacturing tools unless they are two process nodes behind the leading edge technology.
As for their aeronautical sector, they working on it, with projects like the Comac 919. They are still behind countries like Russia, Brazil, Canada though.
Not "always". In the time of the Roman Empire a large chunk of economy was powered by slave labor. That changed with the fall of the Roman Empire though.
The Egyptians also manufactured beer.
For many hundreds of years, the best gov't positions were awarded on mostly written test scores. Winners had the most concubines. Thus, it could be the Chinese inadvertently bred themselves to be efficient test-takers. Whether that translates into practical ability is another matter.
Table-ized A.I.
On a related note, sacrifice is self-destruction
I think you need to find a better dictionary.
Perhaps a Christian*, but not a good one, unless you're a Calvinist or a related dogma which believes that you go to heaven no matter what you do just by believing in Jesus, and "accepting him into your heart" whatever that means.
Salvation in the next life in Roman and Eastern Catholic traditions and most Protestant ones is obtained by being a good Christian and that typically would be defined as someone who tries to be like Jesus, you know, help the poor, don't be a dick, etc -- though being divine is rarely included in this of course. ;-)
Plus Christianity has a history of revering martyrdom of true believers and those who died trying to help others either by saving their lives or their souls. It isn't condemned, I guess that's different if your messiah and savour is Ayn Rand though.
*Some of the more extreme ones don't even include you unless you believe and do as they do, but these aren't the mainstream of course.
Nah. It was just for profits sake. Soldier farmers lost their lands on prolonged campaigns and the wealthy purchased them at bargain prices from the destitute families. The soldiers brought slaves from their campaigns which were bought by the wealthy as cheap labor to till the fields. It was win-win for them.
You should read about water mills in the Roman Empire. It's a load of fun. Some wealthy farmers with large plantations ordered water mills from craftsmen to grind wheat (which used to be done with manual labor). They kept this secret from the other farmers because it gave them a competitive edge for generations.
I'm sure the US out lawyers China 10 to 1.
So, what did the US do right to dominate in that field?
(I like your test thesis.)
So where's it say that some form of religion is mandated by the state in the US? Right.
I expect to see an openly gay president in the USA before I see an openly atheist one.
Just sayin'.
No sig today...
To summarize: it's not Hitler level evil, it's modern communist level evil.
Well Stalin's Gulag's were modern communist levels of evil too. If you don't think people aren't "getting the bullet" in those places today, you're just being naive.
Om, nomnomnom...