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Hubble Repairs Declared "Complete Success"

Matt G writes "The Hubble Telescope's brain transplant seems to have been a perfect succss - British-born Michael Foale and Swiss Claude Nicollier carried out the delicate operation of installing a new computer as they flew over Australia at an altitude of about 600km (360 miles) on Thursday. The full story is posted at The BBC News site here. "

67 comments

  1. Congrats, NASA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    NASA needed something to go right, and it finally got it.

    1. Re:Congrats, NASA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Only worked because Nasa was using imported/superior workers from Europe :-)

    2. Re:Congrats, NASA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Superior workers in Europe? You mean like the ones that shipped us 5 prototype cards and said they did the QA tests, but yet somehow when the cards arrived, power and ground were soldered together? Kindof made testing the JTAG chain kindof difficult. So they jumpered around the problem to get the parts programmed, then removed the jumper?

  2. WooHoo by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Kewl, we're gonna see more kewl pics soon!!!

  3. Technical details? by core · · Score: 2

    Does anybody know what operating system (if any) runs the new 'brain' ? Is it VxWorks like pathfinder, or maybe just a very thin blanket over the hardware (just enough to get C code working or something) ?

    Actually, why was it needed to upgrade the cpus? I mean, I thought hubble's cpu doesn't do more than controlling movements and handling communication protocols so it can send pictures. The new 'brain' will be 20 times faster, but what's the point? Does the telescope perform calculations on-site ? Just wondering.

    1. Re:Technical details? by orangesquid · · Score: 1

      Well, I'd imagine that since the Hubble is rotating around the earth, as well as a large number of other objects, lots of calculations have to be done to determine what direction to be facing and when. It probably gives NASA scientists an easier time to let Hubble figure some of this out for itself...

      It's probably specially-developed embedded code, too. Specialized real-time operating systems seem to run rampant in projects like these ;-)

      Now what NASA needs is to get a few satellites running Linux up... (do they have some already? who knows...)

      Maybe slashdot readers could contribute enough money to put Rob up in space in a giant hamster-wheel like device for a few days. Then he could go visit the moon (which people haven't done in a long time), and discover some deserted moon base. Then they could ship him out to Jupiter, where he would misteriously disappear into a large black hole at least several thousand miles deep on a small moon that is only a few hundred miles in diameter...

      Oh wait, that was the plot from 2001.


      progress, n.:
      Medieval man thought disease was caused by invisible demons
      invading the body and taking possession of it.

      Modern man knows disease is caused by microscopic bacteria
      and viruses invading the body and causing it to malfunction.

      --
      --TheOrangeSquid Is it any wonder things seem so awry? We swim in a sea of confusion and don't have to think to survive
    2. Re:Technical details? by Yakman · · Score: 1
      Actually, why was it needed to upgrade the cpus? I mean, I thought hubble's cpu doesn't do more than controlling movements and handling communication protocols so it can send pictures. The new 'brain' will be 20 times faster, but what's the point? Does the telescope perform calculations on-site ? Just wondering

      Don't know for a fact but based on reading some of the other Hubble related threads it's likely that it was mainly just 'preventative maintenance'.. the old CPUs probably already had some damage from the length of time they'd been up there and they needed to be replaced anyway, and possibly the 486s now cost the same as the original CPUs did when they were built. (ie. if your P133 dies now you're likely to not get another P133 CPU but some faster Socket 7 CPU like a K6-2 because it costs the same). Yeah. That's my theory ;)

    3. Re:Technical details? by Troed · · Score: 1
      You really got the plot wrong though.

    4. Re:Technical details? by mangu · · Score: 2

      Just wondering: Y2K?

      I can't see any compelling reason for changing the cpu, if the old one was working. If the old cpu had failed, then why not replace by a new identical chip? Why risk the chance of finding a bug in the new one? Unless they want to try some new algorithm, why upgrade?

      Of course, pointing the HST isn't "just" that simple. At the precision level required, some of the calculations are incredibly complex. There are also other problems, like battery management, for instance. The HST crosses the shadow of the earth several times a day, and this imposes stringent requirements on the batteries, not to mention thermal stresses.

      Just to give you an idea of the precision needed for spacecraft control, I work at a commercial satellite control center. Some years ago, we did a spin rate measurement on a satellite, while moving fuel from one tank to the other. This measurement had to be done at a 0.000001 rpm precision level, for a nominal 30 rpm rotation, meaning 0.000003% error. The result? A few extra million $ worth in the satellite value, due to a more accurate estimate of the remaining fuel.

      To do a measurement to this precision one has to consider even the smallest details. For instance, the satellite is in a 24 hour period orbit, and each spin rate measurement took about 10 minutes. In this time, the satellite moved along its orbit, changing slightly the angle of the antenna (which was pointed to the Earth) with relation to the sun. This caused a variation of a fraction of a degree in the temperature of the satellite structure, which was enough to cause a marked difference (much greater than the required precision) in the spin rate, and had to be discounted from the measurement.

      So, I guess NASA improved the pointing algorithms in HST to a degree that made necessary a more powerful cpu.

    5. Re:Technical details? by orangesquid · · Score: 1

      Yah, I know, but I was trying to make it sound like I was making it up as I went along...
      2001 was _the_ most realistic sci-fi movie ever done, *please* be defensive, my fault for mutilating it ;-)

      Hrmm.... the accuracy is claimed to have been increased... would this imply that they had 16-bit etc. processors before that were incapable of higher-precision arithmetic?

      In that case, they probably could've used a high-precision arithmetic function library, but it would've been slow - a good reason for the upgrade, I guess.

      --
      --TheOrangeSquid Is it any wonder things seem so awry? We swim in a sea of confusion and don't have to think to survive
    6. Re:Technical details? by john_boy · · Score: 1

      Interesting. I had no idea the precision needed to be so great. Kinda makes you wonder what kind of code their using. Numerical Recipes in C?

      But I don't think the upgrade had anything to do with Y2K. The idea that NASA would wait until the 11th hour to attempt a fix on their most visible -- and really, one of the only recent -- success stories seems pretty unlikely to me.

      John

    7. Re:Technical details? by breser · · Score: 3

      According to the mission website the new computer has advanced radition protection. The radiation in space will eventually destroy the computer. They replaced it with a newer computer that was designed to have a longer life span. Additionally the new computer has six times as much memory and three times as much processor speed. The new processor speed and memory will be used to give them more accuracy in the pointing of the spacecraft.

    8. Re:Technical details? by mangu · · Score: 1

      I'm sure they are not using Numerical Recipes. It's a fine book, excellent for general information, but shallow - for each program there you can find several whole books if you search. I usually copy from NR the first prototype in each project I do, then I start digging and develop something more advanced. My guess is they are using in-house developed code, written in Fortran 30 years ago and never changed until now. If it's working, don't fix it, that's the spacecraft engineer's motto. They are extremely conservative and never risk introducing bugs into the system if they can avoid it. For the precision, do your own calculations: a *small* communications satellite starts life with 150kg of fuel, nominal lifetime is 12 years, earns US$2 million / month. How much each kg of fuel is worth? It literally *pays* to be precise. Of course, I work for a commercial operator, NASA has other worries.

    9. Re:Technical details? by jds2001 · · Score: 1
      Just wondering: Y2K?

      Remember that this was a contigency mission to replace the gyroscopes, not a normal servicing mission. The new computer was simply an added bonus that was ready to go up now. This mission was originally scheduled for mid-2001. That completely kills Y2K as any reason....

    10. Re:Technical details? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      XXX Communist

    11. Re:Technical details? by mangu · · Score: 1

      Yeah... just wondering...

      Why would they fly on Christmas 1999, coming back just before 2000/01/01? After Challenger they had stopped flying during your winter - too much risk of freezing those rubber o-rings.

      Spacecraft are very sensitive to date issues. The Earth's axis wobbles slightly and in 1900 the North Pole was pointing towards a direction that is significantly different from the 2000 direction. This difference alone is enough to lose a mission, even if the North Star seems to be exactly at the same place to the naked eye.

    12. Re:Technical details? by AviN · · Score: 1

      I highly doubt the cost of the CPU was an issue in this case. I mean, a 486 CPU is worth about $10 now. If they were looking for speed, they could have used an Athlon for about $500, so apparently they weren't.

    13. Re:Technical details? by DHartung · · Score: 2

      The computer on Hubble is programmed from the ground. The new computer simply upgrades the processing capability of the existing software, perhaps allowing new routines. (Early on, with the original 286 board, they discovered that the anti-jitter routines they devised wouldn't fit -- let alone anything else like data transfer. Presumably 1993's 386 co-px solved that.)

      The post-Challenger restriction on flights was NOT on an artificial window like "winter", but on specific temperatures reached at the Cape. It's very, very rare for even a January freeze there, but it happened in 1986. No, they should not launch the shuttle, even with redesigned O-rings and boosters, if it gets too cold. But just because it's December does not mean the same thing as being too cold.
      ----

      --
      lake effect weblog
      {Network engineer in Chicago--looking for work!}
    14. Re:Technical details? by DHartung · · Score: 2

      I can't see any compelling reason for changing the cpu, if the old one was working. If the old cpu had failed, then why not replace by a new identical chip? Why risk the chance of finding a bug in the new one? Unless they want to try some new algorithm, why upgrade?

      The Hubble was designed from the beginning to be periodically upgraded, not only by swapping out instruments and installing different ones, but in improving the instruments in place. The computer upgrade has been in the works for several years; a prototype was tested aboard the John Glenn shuttle mission last year. This isn't an idle "hey, let's toss a new box in" procedure.

      You are correct about satellite precision; in fact, pointing precision has always been one of the sticking points regarding the computer. The new computer gives them more memory to run more complex routines, probably something the controllers have been clamoring for since 1993!
      ----

      --
      lake effect weblog
      {Network engineer in Chicago--looking for work!}
    15. Re:Technical details? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      this make you wonder what riutine they can do with a overclock athlon, you don't need cooling even.

  4. Best Wishes to NASA by Effugas · · Score: 5

    The Hubble Repair mission should remind us of what, sadly, has been somewhat forgotten as of late:

    These guys know their stuff.

    When I sysadmin a machine I'm standing next to...I'm standing on something. I'm not floating in nothingness, hoping my toolkits don't float away into the emptiness of space, trying not to bend a couple hundred gold pins while wearing massive mittens and a spacesuit that I have to continually check for tears.

    I also don't generally do it for eight hours straight without so much as a water break.

    Similarly, when I'm admining a system remotely, I'm not piggybacking on top of a defense network that I can lose access to at any moment, nor am I trying to fit modern computational systems into a space-hardened antiquated piece of hardware. These are some crazy skilled coders, and they deserve much more respect than the budget-forced unit conversion fiasco implied. (We should be ashamed for the reaction! These )

    I'm proud of NASA, and I'm proud of the engineer-athlete-scientists who made the Hubble space telescope possible. Thank you. Your work is appreciated.

    Yours Truly,

    Dan Kaminsky
    DoxPara Research
    http://www.doxpara.com

    1. Re:Best Wishes to NASA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Communist

    2. Re:Best Wishes to NASA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Atheist

    3. Re:Best Wishes to NASA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      American

  5. The media is denied their hay-day! by Lonesmurf · · Score: 2

    I would like to be the first to congratulate the people at NASA for doing a fine, fine job.

    The hubble telescope is a big focus for the public's attention. With the recent, uhm, mistakes at NASA, I'm sure that alot of managers were sweating about the PR disaster if this would have gone anything but perfectly.

    I can see the headlines now:

    "NASA fails again!"
    "Hubble goes back to sleep"
    "Public faith in NASA shaken"
    "NASA's funding cut for continued blunders"
    "NASA shuts down for restructure"
    20 years later
    "Anybody remember when we went to the moon?"


    Perhaps I'm being a tad melodramatic here, but who else had that queasy feeling that hubble wasn't going to go back online.. ever?

    Once again, congrats to all involved, and good luck in all future endeavours.

    Rami James
    Israel

    --

  6. HST maintenance by Captain+Zion · · Score: 4
    it's likely that it was mainly just 'preventative maintenance'.. the old CPUs probably already had some damage from the length of time they'd been up there and they needed to be replaced anyway
    From the Space Telescope Science Institute:

    When originally planned in 1979, the Large Space Telescope program called for return to Earth, refurbishment, and relaunch every 5 years, with on-orbit servicing every 2.5 years. Hardware lifetime and reliability requirements were based on that 2.5-year interval between servicing missions. In 1985, contamination and structural loading concerns associated with return to Earth aboard the shuttle eliminated the concept of ground return from the program. NASA decided that on-orbit servicing might be adequate to maintain HST for its 15- year design life. A three year cycle of on-orbit servicing was adopted. The two HST servicing missions in December 1993 and February 1997 were enormous successes. Future servicing missions are tentatively planned for mid-1999 and mid-2002. Contingency flights could still be added to the shuttle manifest to perform specific tasks that cannot wait for the next regularly scheduled servicing mission (and/or required tasks that were not completed on a given servicing mission).

  7. Bad science reporting... by el_chicano · · Score: 1

    British-born Michael Foale and Swiss Claude Nicollier carried out the delicate operation of installing a new computer as they flew over Australia at an altitude of about 600km (360 miles) on Thursday.

    I thought AIR was required to fly! :->

    Orbited is the right word - nothing ruins a good science story than bad reporting. Some of these science writers need to learn how to pay attention to detail...
    --

    --
    A man who wants nothing is invincible
    1. Re:Bad science reporting... by johnburton · · Score: 1

      Congratulations to all involved, it's nice to see something going right for nasa. It's interesting how the british media always say "British born Michael Foale" as if that somehow means that we are involved in this. It would be nice if Britain actualy had some real contribution to something like this, but do they really need to say this every time the story is mentioned.

      --
      Sig is taking a break!
    2. Re:Bad science reporting... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      thought AIR was required to fly!
      Nope. The Dictionary gives as definition 1h of the verb "Of an aircraft or spacecraft: to travel through the air or through space."

      Here's the very beginning of just one of the six different fly entries found in the Dictionary.

      _______________________________

      fly flaI, v.[1] Pa. t. flew flu:; pa. pple. flown flUn. Forms: Infin. 1 fléo(asg)-an (Mercian flé(asg)-an, north. flé(asg)a, Kent. flío(asg)an), 2-3 fleo(n, flon, (3 fleoin, south. vleoin), fli(en, 3 fle3(h)en, Orm. fle3henn, 3-4 flei(e, fli3e(n, flihen, flyhen, south. vli3en, vlien, 4-6 fley(e, (4 flee3, fleighe, flei3, 5 flegh), 3-5 fleen, 3-6 fle, (4 south. vle), 4-7 flie, flye, (4 south. vlie, vly, 5 flyyn), 4- (now only Sc.) flee, 5- fly. Pa. t. . sing. 1 fléa(asg), fléah, flé(asg), 2-3 fleh, 3 fleah, flæh, 3-4 flagh(e, fla3e, 4-6 flaw(e, 3-5 flegh(e, fle3(e, flei(g)h, fleyghe, flei3, fligh, fly. . pl. 1 flu(asg)on, 2-3 flo3e(n, flu3en, 3 fluwen, 3-4 flow(e)n. . sing. 3-5 flough(e, 4-5 flou, flow, 5 flo3e, floy. . sing. and pl. 5-6 flewe, (6 flue), 5- flew. Pa. pple. 1 flo(asg)en, 3 flo3en, 4-6 flowe(n, (5 flone, floon, 6 fleen, flighen), 6-7 fline, flyen, flowne, (7-8 flew), 6- flown. Also weak pa. t. (rare and chiefly for rime): 4 flyghed, 5, 7 flyde, 7 flide, flied, flyed.

      Etymology: A com. Teut. str. vb. OE. fléo(asg)an, flío(asg)an = OFris. fliaga, OS. *fliogan (MDutch vlieghen, Dutch vliegen) = OHG. fliogan (MHG. vliegen, Ger. fliegen), ONor. fljúga (Sw. flyga, Da. flyve), Goth. *fliugan (inferred from (us)flaugjan to lead forth in flight):-OTeut. *fleugan (flaug, flugum, flogono-):-pre-Teut. *pleugh-, plough-, plugh-. Not etymologically cognate with flee v. [ The . forms of pa. t. normally represent, according to period and dialect, the OE. fléa(asg), fléah, and the . forms the OE. pl. flu(asg)on. The . forms are transferred to the sing. from the pl. and the pa. pple. The origin of the . form flew(e, which now alone survives, is more difficult to account for; possibly it arose from a confusion with flow (OE. pa. t. fléow), with which this vb. had in the 15th c. come to coincide in the pa. pple; cf. however the somewhat similar phenomenon in the vb. slay, pa. t. slew, for which no parallel explanation can be given.

      With regard to the confusion between the verbs fly and flee, see flee.]

      I 1 a intr. To move through the air with wings. Also with adverbs, as about, away, forth, off, out, etc. as the crow flies : see crow sb.[1] 3 c.

      • Beowulf 2273 (Gr.) - Nacod nid-draca, nihtes fleo(asg)ed fyre befangen.
      • A. 1000 Judith 209 (Gr.) - Ac him fleah on laste earn ætes (asg)eorn.
      • C. 1175 Lamb. Hom. 129 - Alle pe fu3elas pe flu3en bi pam lufte.
      • C. 1200 Ormin 5991 - Forr ærn ma33 he3he fle3henn.
      • C. 1205 Lay. 3901 - Her comen blake fle3en and flu3en in mone e3ene.
      • 1297 R. Glouc. (1724) 29 - Beter hym hadde ybe Haue bi leued ther doune, than ylerned for to fle.
      • A. 1300 Cursor M. 13449 (Gött.) - Nane pat mai fli sua hei [als pe arn].
      • C. 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 305 - Als fleihes doun pei fleih, ten pousand at ones.
      • 1382 Wyclif Isa. vi. 6 - Ther flei3 to me oon of the serafyn.
      • C. 1430 Lydg. Min. Poems 186 - From their lyme-twygges I will flee fer asyde.
      • C. 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode ii. lii. (1869) 95, - I fly aboue pe skyes heyere pan eyper heroun or egret.
      • C. 1440 Gesta Rom. xix. 335 (Add. MS.) - The bridde..flew [Camb. MS. fly] forthe.
      • 1500-20 Dunbar Poems xxii. 105 - O gentle egill!.. That of all fowlis dois heest fle.
      • 1533 Anne Boleyn's Coronat. in Furniv. Ballads from MSS. I. 380 - She hathe fleen long, Vncertain where to light.
      • A. 1649 Drumm. of Hawth. Poems Wks. (1711) 13 - The feathered troops that flee, and sweetly sing.
      • 1711 Addison Spect. No. 159 P8, - I wished for the Wings of an Eagle, that I might fly away to those happy seats.
      • 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. 580 - On my approaching him, he [a butterfly] flew off.
      • 1822 Shelley Calderon i. 46 - Would that my feet were wings, So would I fly to Livia.

      b fig.; esp. of fame, a report, etc. to fly high (or a high pitch ): to aim at or reach a high pitch of action, feeling, etc. (cf. flight sb. 3). Also to fly low : to avoid notoriety. to fly short of : to fail in mounting to the level of.

      • C. 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 165 - Alse pe fugeles..swo dod pis mannisse flied fram iuele to werse.
      • A. 1225 Ancr. R. 152 - Bi nihte beo fleoinde ant sechinde ouwer soule heouenliche uode.
      • C. 1384 Chaucer H. Fame iii. 1028 - Wenged wondres faste fleen.
      • C. 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 39 - The renomme therof floughe vnto the duke.
      • 1548 Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke iv. 55 - The fame which had to fore..flighen abrode.
      • 1571 Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 125 - The prosperous successes of Earle Richard, were no sooner effected, but fame flyed abroad.
      • A. 1592 H. Smith Serm. (1866) II. 14 - Try every piece of gold, when many Flemish angels fly abroad.
      • 1608 Topsell Serpents (1658) 706 - A Dragon, whereof their flyeth this tale.
      • 1611 Shaks. Cymb. iii. v. 61 - Wing'd with feruour of her loue, she's flowne To her desir'd Posthumus.
      • 1611 Bible Ps. xc. 10 - Their strength..is soone cut off, and we flie away.
      • 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. x. 40 - How short they flew of that spirit..their weaknesse sufficiently declared.
      • 1655 Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. vii. Sect.9 - Matters flying thus high, the Arch-Bishop..conceived it the safest way to [etc.].
      • 1705 Hickeringill Priest-cr. ii. iv. 41 - They fly High in their high-flown Divinity.
      • 1709 Steele Tatler No. 194 P2 - When the Fame, says he, of this celebrated Beauty first flew Abroad.
      • 1716 Bp. of Bristol Charge 19 - Where a Mean is commendable, He must neither fly too High, nor creep too Low.
      • 1827 Southey Penins. War II. 752 - Those brethren whose piety flies the highest pitch.
      • 1837 Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. ii. iv. 117 - As for the elder Egalité he flies low at this time.
      • 1847 Tennyson Princ. v. 271 - She flies too high.
      • 1859 Tennyson Elaine 1188 - When did not rumours fly?

      c quasi-trans. with cognate object.

      • 1605 Shaks. Macb. iii. ii. 40 - Ere the Bat hath flowne His Cloyster'd flight.
      • 1609 A. Craig Poet. Recreat. 7 - Want..makes my Muse so lowe a course to flee.

      d In a few expressions, as the bird is or has flown (chiefly fig.), to let (a bird) fly , the simple vb. is used = `fly away'.

      • 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. xcv. 75 - They..bonde it to the sparwes fete, and afterward lete hem flee.
      • 1847 Tennyson Princess iv. 90 - O tell her, Swallow, that thy brood is flown.
      • 1855 Tennyson Maud i. xxii. 2 - The black bat, night, has flown.
      • A. 1881 Rossetti House of Life viii, - Thank his wings to-day that he is flown.

      e Of birds: To migrate or issue forth in a body. Cf. flight sb.[1] 1 e.

      • 1766 Pennant Zool. (1768) II. 330 - The wild birds fly (as the bird-catchers term it) during the month of October.

      f Of fish: To spring from the water. Also in more literal sense said of flying-fish.

      • 1579 T. Stevens Lett. from Goa in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 160 - There is another kind of fish as big almost as a herring, which hath wings and flieth.
      • 1734 Mortimer in Phil. Trans. XXXVIII. 316 - The Wings with which it flies in the Air are only a Pair of very large Finns.
      • 1867 F. Francis Angling ix. (1880) 336 - Seeing the small fry flying from the water as though a pike were after them.

      g To travel by aircraft. Also trans., to cover, traverse, or perform by aircraft (also said of the machine). Also, to fly in, out , to arrive, depart, by air.

      • 1826 W. Hone Every-Day Bk. I. 1462 - He had purposed, by a pair of patent wings,..to fly from one of the Dover cliffs down into the town of Calais.
      • 1884 Illustr. London News 26 Jan. 91/3 - Many successful and unsuccessful attempts have been made to fly the Channel.
      • 1909 Flight 20 Feb. 100/2 - To bring together other would-be aviators who, like himself, are primarily anxious to learn to fly.
      • 1909 Punch 4 Aug. 73/1 - On the spot where the first man to fly the Channel alighted from his aeroplane.
      • 1909 Captain Nov. p. xii (Advt.), - Model of the Machine which flew the Channel.
      • 1911 Grahame-White & Harper Aeroplane 265 - As their skill and confidence increased, they began to fly in breezes.
      • 1916 H. Barber Aeroplane Speaks 44 - If he were flying over the shortest route to his destination.
      • 1916 H. Barber Aeroplane Speaks 45 - The Pilot and Observer fly on and on.
      • 1917 Brit. Dominions Year Bk. 242 - We who still regard flying the Straits of Dover as something of a feat.
      • 1931 Times 2 Mar., - The Sahara route which is now being flown by the French.
      • 1958 N. Shute Rainbow & Rose i. 4 - He was flying a courier service.
      • 1966 Listener 21 July 103/3 - An expert who had flown in from Venezuela to do the job.
      • 1967 Daily Tel. 14 Mar. 20/7 - An Indian, aged 100,..applied..for a ticket home to Delhi on the `Fly Now Pay Later' plan.
      • 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. b5/5 - The [a]erial surveys flown by Texas Gulf in 1960.
      • 1970 Observer 20 Sept. 26/1 - The pilot [is] determined to fly no more World War Two bombing missions.

      h Of an aircraft or spacecraft: to travel through the air or through space.

      • 1848 Chambers's Edin. Jrnl. 6 May 302/2 - To construct a machine to fly by mechanical powers alone.
      • 1902 Aeronaut. World (U.S.) I. 65/2 - S. Byerley says he has been working on a novel flying machine, which, he is confident will fly when finished.
      • 1959 Chambers's Encycl. I. 112/1 - The faster a given aeroplane flies, the less is the power required to produced its lift.
      • 1971 Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 12 Nov. 8/1 - Everything depends on three robot spacecraft..which have been flying towards Mars for the past 22 weeks.

      i Of pigeons: to fly from (a certain place).

      • 1898 Daily News 21 Nov. 7/1 - There were also young birds that had, to use the technical term, `flown Berwick'.
      • 1907 E. Chamberlain Homing Pigeon 178 - The best birds in the Barrowford lofts have all flown Nantes as yearlings, and subsequently flown Nantes and Marennes again and again.

      2 trans. (causatively). To set (birds) flying one against the other. Const. with. Also with away: To send flying away; to let fly.

      • 1607 Heywood Woman killed w. Kindn. ii. Wks. (1874) II. 96 - Meet me to morrow At Cheuy-chase, Ile flie my Hawke with yours.
      • 1845 Carlyle Cromwell (1871) V. 58 (Sp. xiii) - Ordered to fly-away their game-cocks.
      • 1883 C. J. Wills Mod. Persia 94 - The pigeons are flown twice a day.

      3 Hawking. a Of the hawk: To gain by flying a position of attack. Const. at. to fly on head , to fly gross : see quots.

      • 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. ii. (1677) 164 - Fly on head is missing her Quarry and betaking her self to the next Check, as Crows [etc.].
      • 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 203 - It is less difficult to teach a Hawk to fly at Fowl than..to..love the Lure.
      • 1677 Coles, - Fly gross when hawks fly at great Birds, as Cranes.
      • 1684 R. H. School Recreat. 78 - Gerfaulcon Will fly at the Hern. Saker, at the Crane or Bittern.
      • 1774 Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 131 - They have been indeed taught to fly at game.
      • 1826 Sir J. S. Sebright Observ. Hawking (1828) 57, - I will suppose that hawks are to fly three days in the week.

      • fig.
      • 1830 Sir J. Barrington Pers. Sketches (ed. 2) II. 186 - He had occasionally flown at higher game in the regions of poesy.
      • 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest vii, - Deerstalking is all very well, but I fly at higher game.

      b causatively. Of the falconer: To cause (a hawk) to attack by flying. Also absol. and to fly with (a hawk). Const. at.

      • 1591 Florio Sec. Fruites 37, - I loue to flie at the Partridge and at the Fesant.
      • 1593 Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, ii. i. 1 - For flying at the Brooke, I saw not better sport these seuen yeeres day.
      • 1638 Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 233 - Their best Falcons are out of Russia..they fly them at choise game.
      • 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. (1677) 187 - At first fly with her at young Pheasant or Partridge.
      • 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 213 - They are flown at Field or Brook.
      • A. 1711 Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 66 - His Hawks he oft at Game Aerial flew.
      • 1865 Kingsley Herew. xxi. - He flew his hawks at a covey of partridges.
      • 1879 Radcliffe in Encycl. Brit. IX. 9/1 - Falcons or long-winged hawks are either `flown out of the hood' i.e. unhooded and slipped when the quarry is in sight, or [etc.].

      • fig.
      • 1643 Digby Observ. Sir T. Browne's Relig. Med. 10 - Much lesse can it be expected that an excellent Physitian..should..flye his thoughts at so towring a Game.

      c To chase with a hawk. Also of the hawk: To attack by flying. to fly the river : to chase water-fowl. to fly to the mark : see quot. 1891.

      • C. 1590 Greene Fr. Bacon xii, - We'll fly the partridge, or go rouse the deer.
      • A. 1654 Selden Table-t. (Arb.) 80 - A Hawk that flyes a covey of Partridges.
      • 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. ii. (1677) 209 - These Hawks do not fly the River.
      • 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat.

      _________________________________

      [Remainder deleted]

    3. Re:Bad science reporting... by el_chicano · · Score: 1

      thought AIR was required to fly!

      Nope. The Dictionary gives as definition 1h of the verb "Of an aircraft or spacecraft: to travel through the air or through space."


      My bad. I was thinking of birds and airplanes, with no dictionary handy.

      You gotta love the English language. To paraphrase President Clinton: "that depends what 'is' is..."
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      A man who wants nothing is invincible
    4. Re:Bad science reporting... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Nope..due to our natural superiority we Europeans do not need air to fly we can do it in vacum too. except for the French (they are not able to read the manual "how to fly in ZeroG&vacum by flapping your arms really fast and fart once in awhile" its only avalible in English)

  8. What computer were they previously using? by Anonyrnous+Coward · · Score: 1

    And does anyone know what kind of code they run? C? Assembler?
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    Anonymous Coward
    1. Re:What computer were they previously using? by badmonkey · · Score: 1

      From what I read, they used to use assembler on the ancient 1970s CPU they had in there. One of the reasons on the NASA site for the CPU upgrade to 486s is that it is cheaper and easier to maintain code in C (well some "high level language" than assembly.

  9. Bravo for NASA by Skyshadow · · Score: 2
    It's good to see NASA having success after the loss of those two Mars probes.

    Notice how the media's not making a big deal out of this. I suppose you could argue that successes just don't sell as many newspapers as failures. I think, however, that the mass media likes to manufacture issues by hyping up failures like the Mars mission and then making another story out of the public stir they create. Think about it; "NASA Mars Probe Lost" is just one story, but "Second NASA Failure This Year Causes Public Doubt About Future of Space Agency" can be a snowballing event -- shorts, 'talkback' segments, polls, comments from pundits, etc.

    After all, when you're on 24 hours a day, you can't be expected to fill the time by just reporting what really happened when, where and why. That'd require too much actual reporting.

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    Every year during my review, I just pray the words "slashdot.org" aren't mentioned.
    1. Re:Bravo for NASA by johnburton · · Score: 1
      Considering that this was just a routine maintenance mission that shouldn't really be that interesting in itself it seems to have got quite a lot of coverage in the uk.

      Routine servicing mission doesn't fail is never going to grab the headlines, but it did seem to get quite a lot of coverage here.,

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      Sig is taking a break!
    2. Re:Bravo for NASA by Skinka · · Score: 2
      "Notice how the media's not making a big deal out of this".

      Notice also how the media completely disregars all successfull airplane landings and focuses on those that end up in fireball killing 200 people. Some nerve they have..

      It's very easy to critize the BBC and forget that there is reason why some stories get less atention. The reason is us, we don't care. Counter what you might think, newspapers (and by newspapers I mean newspapers, not tabloids etc) actually do try to serve the public. The thing is that the public is not served by running stories nobody cares about. Stories like "NASA succesfuly launches a satellite for the 748th time" intrest very few people so they are left for publications the specialize on astronomy.

      Success is not news if it happens often or is in some other way obvious (neither is failure for that matter). That is why you'd expect to see headlines like "Kid not hit by a car while crossing road", "Actor James Coburn still alive", or "cold fusion experiments prove unsuccesfull" in The Onion, not The Times.

      "I think, however, that the mass media likes to manufacture issues by hyping up failures like the Mars mission and then making another story out of the public stir they create".

      The Mars missions were largely hyped even before they turned out to be failures. Remember the Pathfinder mission and how it created a lot of media attention even though it was a complete success? A lot of people were expecting something similar, and when that didn't happend, it became a big news. Very logical, IMHO.

    3. Re:Bravo for NASA by Skip666Kent · · Score: 1

      That is why you'd expect to see headlines like "Kid not hit by a car while crossing road", "Actor James Coburn still alive", or "cold fusion experiments prove unsuccesfull" in The Onion, not The Times.

      Cute, but off the mark. A successful and difficult space mission repairing a costly piece of taxpayer-funded hardware is a cause for celebration and should be lauded as such. Modern media only celebrates Tradgedy and Celebrity.

      Notice also how the media completely disregars all successfull airplane landings and focuses on those that end up in fireball killing 200 people.

      What bugs me is how the airplane/fireball incidents are blown out of all proportion. At least 20,000 if not 200,000 people are killed every year by stalkers, 'loved-ones' and spousal abuse, but this is not considered 'tragic' because it happens over a long period of time. Knowledge of this would help to prevent similar abuses in the future; knowledge of 200 people dying in a fireball is interesting but otherwise useless information, serving only to raise fears about which nothing can be done and encourage further consumption of sensational media. Modern media, BBC or otherwise, serves to further it's own existence long before it serves the public.

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      **>>BELCH
    4. Re:Bravo for NASA by billybob+jr · · Score: 1

      "Cute, but off the mark. A successful and difficult space mission repairing a costly piece of taxpayer-funded hardware is a cause for celebration and should be lauded as such. Modern media only celebrates Tradgedy and Celebrity"

      While you may appreciate the difficulty and the true nature of this mission, to someone who doesn't know it just looks like a routine service mission. Sure it seems difficult because it is in space but it isn't something new and exciting. It's ok for people to not be excited about this.

  10. Congratulations to both NASA and Slashdot by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Congratulations to NASA for a job well done. Kudos to Slashdot as well for not posting a Star Wars related story in over three days.

  11. A possible use for Hubble? by LoRyder · · Score: 1

    Now that the HST is back online, perhaps NASA might use it to examine the recent failed probe. I hope SOMEONE has thought to at least consider using it to look for the lost probe. If nothing else to see if it was destroyed on impact. I know it is normally used for deep space observing, but hey, I know I for one am at least curious as to the condition of the failed probe.

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    ----- "A people that would sacrifice rights and freedom for a bit of safety deserve neither freedom nor safety."
    1. Re:A possible use for Hubble? by AstroJetson · · Score: 2

      There's no way the HST has enough resolving power to find something so small. Especially with Mars now well past opposition. A better idea is to use the Mars Orbiter to try to find it, which I believe they are doing. But even that is a long shot.

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      Admit nothing, deny everything and make counter-accusations.
  12. Success =/= good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    how does NASA spell success after two complete failures with the mars probes? It seems like those operations might just set their standards a bit lower. Anyway it's not like they haven't messed up on the hubble project before. They remind me of a mechanic I once had, everything he fixed was a "complete success" until I got the car home and it still leaked oil or parts were accidentally left off or not hooked up (all work was way over priced, too). We need to hurry up and privatize NASA befor ethey thow away any more tax dollars.

    1. Re:Success =/= good by DHartung · · Score: 2

      how does NASA spell success after two complete failures with the mars probes?

      The Hubble team is an entirely separate team from the Mars probes. One team had a success. Two Mars teams had failures.

      Anyway it's not like they haven't messed up on the hubble project before.

      True dat. But the embarrassment over the Hubble optics could have been handled much better; they dug their own grave there.

      We need to hurry up and privatize NASA befor ethey thow away any more tax dollars.

      So what business, exactly, is going to spend money on a Mars probe? Just asking.

      The MPL mission was about as privatized as a government program gets: the whole probe was designed and built by outside contractors to a NASA spec. Really, this is the way things should be done. MPL was a failure within aceptable risk. MCO was a horrible avoidable failure, but it's possible that the govt-contractor relationship was partly to blame. This isn't easy.
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      lake effect weblog
      {Network engineer in Chicago--looking for work!}
    2. Re:Success =/= good by stonecypher · · Score: 1

      Yeah, I mean, two failures in a year? It's not like you have to be a rocket scientist to run something like NASA...

      There's a reason for that phrase, BTW.

      Cheers to NASA for having the skill to take into account as much as they do and still come out with a comparatively very high success rate. I'm reasonably secure in the notion that, granted all of their money and all of their experimental data, I could probably get a rocket to ... fall over.

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      StoneCypher is Full of BS
  13. Privatize? Nnnnnnnnaaa. by Skip666Kent · · Score: 1

    If you privatize NASA, technological and procedural breakthrough's will all be constrained under patent and licensing constraints that will ultimately hinder progress.

    For NASA to *cooperate* with private firms is good, but NASA must remain ultimately free of market constraints'

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    **>>BELCH
  14. About the Hubble... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Sunday, 26 December, 1999, 05:09 GMT
    Hubble returns to orbit

    The newly repaired Hubble telescope has been
    released into space by the shuttle Discovery.
    Nasa called the mission, which included carrying
    out a series of repairs to the telescope, a total
    success. French astronaut Jean-Francois Clervoy used theshuttle's mechanical arm to gently lift the
    12-tonne telescope from Discovery's cargo bay and send it into orbit.

    Discovery astronauts successfully completed the
    repairs on Christmas Eve during their third
    spacewalk of the flight. US astronauts John Grunsfeld and Steven Smith installed a new radio transmitter, data recorder and steel shields to protect Hubble's exterior.

    Nasa's main observatory on the universe has
    been out of commission since mid-November,
    when it shut itself down. Two marathon spacewalks earlier this week replaced Hubble's central computer, and it's navigational system which allows it to aim very precisely at distant stellar objects.

    Hubble's new 'brain' British-born Michael Foale and Swiss Claude Nicollier carried out the delicate operation of installing a new computer as they flew over Australia at an altitude of about 600km (360
    miles) on Thursday. Mr Foale, a software programming expert, directed the operation.

    The Hubble's ageing "brain" was replaced
    with one with three linked Intel 486 microprocessors. It will perform 20 times faster and has six times more memory than its predecessor - although it is less powerful than many home computers. A quick electrical check showed that all the connections were good.


  15. Re:Not quite enough to win me over by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    WTF????
    You gave this "Insightful"???
    I would have rated it "Bollocks"

  16. Even more proof... by nebby · · Score: 0

    ...that aliens shot down the Mars probes.

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  17. Extreme SysAdminning by ajlitt · · Score: 1

    Good for NASA! Now they need to release a few pictures to the media to convince the world that their streak of bad luck is over.

    I'm just glad I don't need to do a spacewalk to upgrade the machines I admin!

  18. Nicollier on spacewalk by Bio · · Score: 1

    Congratulations to the team members for accomplishing this difficult mission so perfectly!

    We Swiss people of course are proud of Claude Nicollier beeing part of the team.

  19. Re:"Phenomenon" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    They'll use their favourite spelling, thank you very much mr. uncivilized non-english barbarian.

  20. 486 Intel is it the only radiation safe CPU? by Diamond+Slicer · · Score: 1

    The hubbles computer runs off a 486 Intel CPU. I am aware that the CPU had to meet certian standards like radiation shielding and emp resistant. But aren't there better CPU's out there that meet those standards? It seems to me that NASA (which can spend billions on failed mars missions) might have the money to pay for a better type of CPU (should one exist).

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    Is it progress if a cannibal uses a fork?
    1. Re:486 Intel is it the only radiation safe CPU? by nd · · Score: 1

      As I understand it (IANA NASA guy), there is a mandatory technology freeze approximately 5 years before launch. Every component must go through rigorous tests, and this is the only thing holding them back really.

    2. Re:486 Intel is it the only radiation safe CPU? by DHartung · · Score: 2

      There is a design freeze built into almost every program, but it is not, repeat not, based on anything as inane (or prescient) as a five-years-before-launch timeline. For example, the faster-better-cheaper probes don't necessarily even take that long from project approval to launch! The Confirmation Design Review of MPL was barely two years prior to launch. (Read into that what you will.)

      The reason for using a 486 instead of a Pentium can be as simple as power and cooling requirements, or as complex as the issue of running a custom RTOS written in C versus running an off-the-shelf Windoe Manager written in C++ and something else godawful. (Or maybe that's the simple decision.)
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      lake effect weblog
      {Network engineer in Chicago--looking for work!}
  21. beowulf cluster by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    imagine if we used the hubble for beowulf clusters :)

  22. You Know what this means? by amccall · · Score: 2

    More wallpaper for me!
    Seriously, even if you don't appreciate the scientific level of what NASA is doing. You can get some really awsome images from them. Check out NASA's awsome collection of images, which have aver generous copying policy.

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  23. Re:"Phenomenon" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    And their favourite cApItAlIsAtIoN too?

  24. Compression? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'll throw in my totally baseless guess: Perhaps they want to compress the data stream some [more?]

  25. Finally did something right... but at what cost? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    how many billion did I hear that telescope cost?

    Can you explain to my daughter why her band classes were cut last year cause of budget problems?

  26. nasa policies? smart or stupid? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    is it possible that using 5 year old technology is (to put it mildly) a bad idea?

    if people's excuse for all the money NASA sucks out of the economy is the technological advances it creates, then isn't it a very bad idea to use outdated tech, when much better stuff is available?

    maybe if they weren't using outdated tech on all those mars missions, they wouldn't have wasted all that money.

    1. Re:nasa policies? smart or stupid? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      is it possible that using 5 year old technology is (to put it mildly) a bad idea?

      Umm, remember those bugs that keep popping up in virtually every newly released Intel CPU. Using 5 year old tech is the only way to do something like this. With 5 year old tech you have had 5 years to conduct serious stress tests and iron out all the bugs that could show up. If you send up Intel's latest greatest chip you will look like a complete twat when you get a press release two month later telling you that the CPU you stuck into you multi billion dollar project can't handle floating point correctly.

      In my oppninon using first (or even second) generation anything in something important would be extreemly stupid

    2. Re:nasa policies? smart or stupid? by cicatrix · · Score: 1
      Also keep in mind that a good-sized chunk of NASA's technological advances come in the realm of metallurgy, plastics, life support, etc. Using 5 year old technology in the complex systems they design makes it even easier to implement them in the "real world".... Which is better, a system that does the job superlatively which costs $500 to build, or one that costs $5000 and can play Quake3 while doing its job?

      Admittedly, if I was using it on my desktop, I'd like to be able to do other stuff at the same time; for a dedicated system, I'd rather have it be simple and capable of doing its job... There's just less to go wrong that way...

  27. 20 minutes in photoshop or 20 billion dollars? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    quite the tradeoff. billions in tax dollars for nothing more than some desktop wallpaper that anybody could make with a couple of photoshop filters.

  28. Re:Finally did something right... but at what cost by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Probably because your district voted to lower property taxes or because the school administrator couldn't care less about music programs. (my sympathies to your daughter, btw. I don't know where i'd be without my experiences with band)

    But anyways, the telescope cost $3 billion spread across, what, 20 years? Believe it or not, thats chicken feed compared to the sacred cow entitlement programs. Programs which account for >70% of the federal budget, but yet cannot be cut in the slightest for political lobby pressures.

    Tom

  29. Great! Now I can look down Jennifer Lopez's top! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Excellent work NASA! Keep up the good work!

  30. space bus round trip = $500M + payload by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Each time the space bus goes up it costs $500M + the cost of the cargo.

  31. What's Out There by cecgurg · · Score: 1

    Now that Hubble is repaired and according to earlier comments can see near the beginning or first "light", what do we expect Hubble to "see"? Is there an "edge" or "limit" to the extent that Hubble can "see" ... whether x-ray or infared or visible spectrum ... what to see ... is this the first "light"? How about a topic on "extended" Hubble for some comments on how far can we see?

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