No. Leaving aside the fact that "racism" as we know it is a concept much more recent than the constitution, the constitution no more "intended" it than it "intended" that the Indian nations exist or that streams flow downhills.
Slavery and all its evil existed in the South. *Nothing* that the free states could do in 1789, including war, could change that.
It is just as consistent (and incorrect) to claim that the Constitution struck an epic blow against racism by reducing the representation of free statesfor each person held in human bondage.
With absolutely no ability to change the situation, ascribing intent is meaningless.
The sad part is my civics class never got that detailed.
They rarely do. But in all fairness, I don't remember this coming up in law school, either--it *is* a fairly advanced point . .. However, your point is interesting. I'm shocked that the state legislatures can do something unconstitutional according the state. I'm fairly surprised the state constitution isn't considered a matter of state law.
Oh, it is state law--but it's not the legislature. The Constitution says almost nothing about what the states must do, but does guarantee that they will have a republican form of government, presuming a legislature. It then grants this representative body the electors. After a few elections, the use of elections to choose the electors became the norm.
Also, since the choice of electors isn't the province of the state, but of the elected representatives (legislature), the state simply lacks the power to restrict this federal function in the state constitution--this would violate the Supremacy Clause. The legislatures also used to appoint Senators. Putting aside my belief that switching to popular election of Senators was the worst mistake in the history of the republic, some states before the change had referenda on Senators, or labeled the ballots for legislative candidates as to whether or not they pledged to support an amendment for direct elections.
As a matter of fact, it was the large states that pushed for the electoral college, not the small states as I was taught in High School.
I'm really thinking more in terms of the *balance* within the college, as determined by the equal representation in the senate and proportional representation in the house, rather than the existence of the college.
Also, there wasn't any real alternative to indirect election at the time--the question was just the form of the indirect election. Statewide popular elections for governors were kind of pushing the flow of information in 1789 (and, come to think of it, universal male suffrage was not the norm then, either).
Actually, I only have 7 seats, the same as a minivan, due to the second pair of buckets. But the distance between kids . . . and there is about 6" of cargo space behind the back seat on a minivan with the second bench--we actually had mroe cargo space in the crown vic with six people than a minivan with seven (same cargo, but a driver in the van dropping us off).
But driving 1000 miles a day packed as close as people are in a modern crown vic . . . OK when the kids are small, but as they approach teenage years . ..
far as I can tell, it is constitutionally legal for the Electoral college voter to be picked by the governor of a state. (It's probably against most of their state constitutions, but not against the Federal constitution)
Actually, the appointment of electors is a grant of authority from the federal governmennt (contrary to what you were probably taught in high school civics, that it all flows from state to fed) to the staate *legislatures*, not to the states.
This came up in the 2000 Florida litigation, in which the federal court found that the state court's ruling was valid if it was based upon state law, but not if upon the state constitution (contrary to the usual ranking).
If the state constitution spells out how electors are to be apportioned, the legislature can still do it in another way as a matter of federal constitutional law.
By the way, there is an interesting theory, that the Electoral college is one of the last vestiges of slavery left in this country. That slave holding states wouldn't agree to anything else. Because the electoral college gave they power in proportion of the number of slaves in the state.
That was really more of a large/small state issue than a free/slave state issue.
err, that three-fifths was a compromise. The north wanted no representation and full taxation for slaves, while the south wanted full representation and no taxation for them.
The choice wasn't between a Consitution with or without slavery, but between a Constitution with slavery and no United States . ..
That the compromise was chosen hardly constitutes "intended racism."
I had a Crown Victoria because I needed a "lawyer's car" while practicing law (and I was terrified of being on California roads in anythign smaller).
We did plenty of long distance driving. As the kids got bigger, it *did* get to the point where it was too small for a family of six.
Over half my annual mileage is cross-country vacation driving (that I take a bicycle to work helps:). I *do* need this full sized van--I looked at minivans; they didn't have enough space.
Oh, and the mileage isn't all that different than for an overloaded minivan with the extra drag of a roof rack.
And yes -- flashlights are torches. It's 99.9% certain that the person hearing the word will understand whether or not it's of the 'flaming' variety, based on context.
My father was a garage mechanic in college. For a while, they also had a british mechanic.
One of their problem customers came in complaining about a noise under her car. "Hold on, I'll go grab a torch and look."
Yes. You've stumbled upon one of the deep, dark, secrets of the universities, and now we must 'fess up.
Many people have noticed that there haas not been a single report of a vampire attack in a major city for over a hundred years. Few have wondered why.
Think about it from the vampire's perspective. THere's always tons of people chasing you with a wooden stake after every little snack. Hiding is necessary. And where better to hide than graduate school? I'ts normal to arrive before the sun comes up, and stay in the same building, likely below ground, until after it sets. Pasty complexions are also the norml Mirrors are rare. And noone misses the occasional freshman . ..
But now UC is ruining everything with these plans to track the student bodies. Just one little "Girls of UC" shoot and they overreact, ruining things for us, err, vampires across the country . . .
never miind the old macs. How about an IMSAI? Oh, wait, no dispaly or keyboard. OK, a VT-100. Should easily fit in the dispaly unit, though the heat might be a bit much . ..
I used to have one. But it would have been to one of those white crinkly things with black ink that got delivered in the morning.
It was a larger-sized piece for newspaper, describing some of the post-war occupation, and described the surprise of our forces when they stumbled across it. I believe it said that Gen. Eisen personally supervised the destruction of the large magnets.
Anyway, the gist of it was that while we were worried about a program that wasn't going anywhere in germany, the japanese that we weren't worried about were much further along. I wish I could remember how close they were, or whether the program was still receiving resources at the end, but I can't:(
The problem is that it now costs less to produce a nice new aluminum can than it does to wash a bottle.
However, it still happens to some degree. You *can* still buy returnable beer bottles in many states. Take a look sometime--they show visible wear, particularly near the bottom and at the shoulder.
It's been a while since I've encountred soda in glass, but hte last time I did, I noticed that a couple of bottles had "ancient" labeling on them; they were at least 20 years old.
If I ever get a car as a toy, I want *less* than that.
My old Superbeetle supposedly had 48. It was perfect to be just plain fun at reasonable speeds on windy mountain roads. It had the power to go up at a reasonable (though not blazing) speed, but not so much that it didn't take any effor, or that you could ignore the gear-flipping.
I say "supposedly" because it was notably quicker than my brother's regular bug of the same year, which supposedly had the same engine & transmission (but significantly different, less fun, suspension--I got a real surprise driving it one day around what was a routine turn in mine). Not just that, but because it died an unexplained heat death--that lead the dealer to accuse me of running it without a fanbelt.
Slashdot Mirror
>The iPod with the NCD was off too.
:)
Nah. It's just that it went up hours ago, and it needs to be refreshed more often than they claim . . .
hawk
As an unwashed Yank,
.
Son, y'all get out to the States
Umm, aren't most of the unwashed yanks already here? (and the clean ones, too!)
Never mind the mall of america--both downtown las vegas and the strip will put any food court that takes a mere city block to shame . .
hawk, nevadan in exile
No. Leaving aside the fact that "racism" as we know it is a concept much more recent than the constitution, the constitution no more "intended" it than it "intended" that the Indian nations exist or that streams flow downhills.
Slavery and all its evil existed in the South. *Nothing* that the free states could do in 1789, including war, could change that.
It is just as consistent (and incorrect) to claim that the Constitution struck an epic blow against racism by reducing the representation of free statesfor each person held in human bondage.
With absolutely no ability to change the situation, ascribing intent is meaningless.
hawk
The sad part is my civics class never got that detailed.
.
They rarely do. But in all fairness, I don't remember this coming up in law school, either--it *is* a fairly advanced point . .
However, your point is interesting. I'm shocked that the state legislatures can do something unconstitutional according the state. I'm fairly surprised the state constitution isn't considered a matter of state law.
Oh, it is state law--but it's not the legislature. The Constitution says almost nothing about what the states must do, but does guarantee that they will have a republican form of government, presuming a legislature. It then grants this representative body the electors. After a few elections, the use of elections to choose the electors became the norm.
Also, since the choice of electors isn't the province of the state, but of the elected representatives (legislature), the state simply lacks the power to restrict this federal function in the state constitution--this would violate the Supremacy Clause.
The legislatures also used to appoint Senators. Putting aside my belief that switching to popular election of Senators was the worst mistake in the history of the republic, some states before the change had referenda on Senators, or labeled the ballots for legislative candidates as to whether or not they pledged to support an amendment for direct elections.
As a matter of fact, it was the large states that pushed for the electoral college, not the small states as I was taught in High School.
I'm really thinking more in terms of the *balance* within the college, as determined by the equal representation in the senate and proportional representation in the house, rather than the existence of the college.
Also, there wasn't any real alternative to indirect election at the time--the question was just the form of the indirect election. Statewide popular elections for governors were kind of pushing the flow of information in 1789 (and, come to think of it, universal male suffrage was not the norm then, either).
hawk
Actually, I only have 7 seats, the same as a minivan, due to the second pair of buckets. But the distance between kids . . . and there is about 6" of cargo space behind the back seat on a minivan with the second bench--we actually had mroe cargo space in the crown vic with six people than a minivan with seven (same cargo, but a driver in the van dropping us off).
.
But driving 1000 miles a day packed as close as people are in a modern crown vic . . . OK when the kids are small, but as they approach teenage years . .
hawkk
Then I assume I can tell you both to pipe down? :)
hawk
p.s. many of the violations won't be violent, just intrusive
far as I can tell, it is constitutionally legal for the Electoral college voter to be picked by the governor of a state. (It's probably against most of their state constitutions, but not against the Federal constitution)
Actually, the appointment of electors is a grant of authority from the federal governmennt (contrary to what you were probably taught in high school civics, that it all flows from state to fed) to the staate *legislatures*, not to the states.
This came up in the 2000 Florida litigation, in which the federal court found that the state court's ruling was valid if it was based upon state law, but not if upon the state constitution (contrary to the usual ranking).
If the state constitution spells out how electors are to be apportioned, the legislature can still do it in another way as a matter of federal constitutional law.
By the way, there is an interesting theory, that the Electoral college is one of the last vestiges of slavery left in this country. That slave holding states wouldn't agree to anything else. Because the electoral college gave they power in proportion of the number of slaves in the state.
That was really more of a large/small state issue than a free/slave state issue.
hawk
err, that three-fifths was a compromise. The north wanted no representation and full taxation for slaves, while the south wanted full representation and no taxation for them.
.
The choice wasn't between a Consitution with or without slavery, but between a Constitution with slavery and no United States . .
That the compromise was chosen hardly constitutes "intended racism."
hawk
I had a Crown Victoria because I needed a "lawyer's car" while practicing law (and I was terrified of being on California roads in anythign smaller).
:). I *do* need this full sized van--I looked at minivans; they didn't have enough space.
We did plenty of long distance driving. As the kids got bigger, it *did* get to the point where it was too small for a family of six.
Over half my annual mileage is cross-country vacation driving (that I take a bicycle to work helps
Oh, and the mileage isn't all that different than for an overloaded minivan with the extra drag of a roof rack.
hawk
I wish I could provide the cite, but wear goes up exponentially with vehicle weight when it exceeds certain levels.
The difference between those silly toy cars with thre cylinders and a 3" back seat and an SUV isn't all that much.
The difference between a properly loaded semi and an overloaded semi is staggering.
hawk
Even consecutive life sentences can be issued. However, capital punishment may only be applied once. :)
hawk
And yes -- flashlights are torches. It's 99.9% certain that the person hearing the word will understand whether or not it's of the 'flaming' variety, based on context.
My father was a garage mechanic in college. For a while, they also had a british mechanic.
One of their problem customers came in complaining about a noise under her car. "Hold on, I'll go grab a torch and look."
She took off, and never bothered them again.
hawk
what do you mean, "next?" :)
hawk
I pay something like $4/month for my host. I get one mysql db. If I want a different db, I have to go to a more expensive plan.
hawk
Yes. You've stumbled upon one of the deep, dark, secrets of the universities, and now we must 'fess up.
.
Many people have noticed that there haas not been a single report of a vampire attack in a major city for over a hundred years. Few have wondered why.
Think about it from the vampire's perspective. THere's always tons of people chasing you with a wooden stake after every little snack. Hiding is necessary. And where better to hide than graduate school? I'ts normal to arrive before the sun comes up, and stay in the same building, likely below ground, until after it sets. Pasty complexions are also the norml Mirrors are rare. And noone misses the occasional freshman . .
But now UC is ruining everything with these plans to track the student bodies. Just one little "Girls of UC" shoot and they overreact, ruining things for us, err, vampires across the country . . .
>the tiny class of non-harmful lawyers.
Hey!
Knock that off!
We're not mostly harmful. It's just that 99% are giving the rest of us a bad name!
hawk, esq.
>So who got the first one?
.
That's the whole point. He just copied it, thereby showing himself eminently qualified for the task at hand . .
hawk
I tried to warn NASA about this, but Noooo, they wouldn't listen, and opened fire on Mars with those "probes" anyway.
.
I'll get the last laugh, but it won't last very long unless i get some really good time dilation going. .
hawk
> How do we know that the star is being ejected from the solar system?
:)
It wasn't ejected. It voluntarily stepped down, just like Fiorina
hawk
never miind the old macs. How about an IMSAI? Oh, wait, no dispaly or keyboard. OK, a VT-100. Should easily fit in the dispaly unit, though the heat might be a bit much . . .
I used to have one. But it would have been to one of those white crinkly things with black ink that got delivered in the morning.
:(
It was a larger-sized piece for newspaper, describing some of the post-war occupation, and described the surprise of our forces when they stumbled across it. I believe it said that Gen. Eisen personally supervised the destruction of the large magnets.
Anyway, the gist of it was that while we were worried about a program that wasn't going anywhere in germany, the japanese that we weren't worried about were much further along. I wish I could remember how close they were, or whether the program was still receiving resources at the end, but I can't
hawk
The problem is that it now costs less to produce a nice new aluminum can than it does to wash a bottle.
However, it still happens to some degree. You *can* still buy returnable beer bottles in many states. Take a look sometime--they show visible wear, particularly near the bottom and at the shoulder.
It's been a while since I've encountred soda in glass, but hte last time I did, I noticed that a couple of bottles had "ancient" labeling on them; they were at least 20 years old.
hawk
Either that, or we'd hear folks shrieking, "No, it's 'GNUE/FreeBSD.'"
hawk, who prefers the BSD utilities to the BSD/GNU ones
is that Japan was farther along in developing itself than anyone realized until after the war.
hawk
If I ever get a car as a toy, I want *less* than that.
My old Superbeetle supposedly had 48. It was perfect to be just plain fun at reasonable speeds on windy mountain roads. It had the power to go up at a reasonable (though not blazing) speed, but not so much that it didn't take any effor, or that you could ignore the gear-flipping.
I say "supposedly" because it was notably quicker than my brother's regular bug of the same year, which supposedly had the same engine & transmission (but significantly different, less fun, suspension--I got a real surprise driving it one day around what was a routine turn in mine). Not just that, but because it died an unexplained heat death--that lead the dealer to accuse me of running it without a fanbelt.
hawk