Diesel contains about 10% more available energy per unit volume than gasoline. The extra efficiency comes from the ability to use higher compression ratios and slower timing, which causes the temperature at the start and end of the expansion cycle to be higher and lower respectively. This increases efficiency according to the Carnot equation.
Turbocharging a Diesel allows smaller cylinders resulting in a lower heat loss during compression, thus further increasing efficiency, and allows lower RPM thus increasing available expansion time. It is a win/win option. In the engine of my small European car, the exhaust turbine enclosure is cast into the exhaust manifold, with the result that the turbine is so small as to be almost unnoticeable, yet it is a variable vane design. In the last week I've recorded an average of 48 MPUSG on 500 miles of motorway at an average close to 70mph. Under the same conditions my first Diesel car, a normally aspirated lump with lower air resistance, would have achieved around 36-40MPUSG. It was slower, needed more frequent servicing, and produced soot. The new engine needs an oil change every 10,000 miles and produces no visible soot at all. Progress.
That was my girlfriend, and she went off with him. He promised her that once she understood the Schroedinger equation, she would really get into big bangs.
If you read carefully, you will see that while high the guy was trying to read up on how hard drives work. All those curled up dimensions and wormholes are just hard drive analogies.
Some years ago my company had a really obnoxious CEO. He had the interpersonal skills of a great white shark, so his preferred technique for shouting at people was to do it from his mobile phone while driving because then he didn't actually have to interact with them.
After one major display of crap management (leaving the annual budget till the night before he had to present it to the group CEO and then blaming the CFO when the numbers didn't add up) the CFO announced that he now intended to wait till there was a really heavy storm on the M42 and the CEO was driving through it, then call him and tell him exactly what he thought of him. This would surely result in his getting flattened by a truck.
Unfortunately we all got other jobs and left before the opportunity arose, but I still think it would be a legal way to wipe out very aggressive people.
Nowhere in the Bible does it mention that one day there would be a US Constitution and it would be a sacred and unalterable document, no matter how society evolved since its creation. So, as a Biblical literalist(OK not really, just for the purposes of this argument), I don't believe that your "US Constitution" has any authority in the matter.
At this preliminary stage we conclude that plaintiffs have
shown a likelihood of success on their claims that any
prosecution would not be based on probable cause that Doe
committed a crime, but instead in retaliation for Doe's exercise
of her constitutional rights not to attend the education program.
Therefore, we affirm the grant of a preliminary injunction and
remand for further proceedings
The judges are asserting that there is a likelihood that the prosecutor was retaliating by threatening to prosecute because the Does were seeking to exercise their rights under the law. Isn't this barratry?
He's Wing Commander Andy Green. Commander is a British Naval rank, below Captain. Wing commander is an RAF rank.
It shows you where a First in Maths from Oxford can get you. Lawyers get Aston Martins, bankers get Bentleys, mathematicians get the ultimate in sports cars. Who says GB PLC doesn't have its priorities right?
I had my first digital hearing aid, a Widex, in around 1997. I still have it, it still works, and at today's prices it cost $3500. My latest, a Resound, is vastly technically superior and cost half as much.
Any medium size company can obtain an A/D, a D/A and a DSP and glue them together. Now add a microphone 4mm long by 2mm diameter that handles the frequency range 125-8000Hz, a speaker the same size that handles the same range with high power levels, and then run the whole thing off a tiny battery for a week of continuous use.
What people who compare these things to MP3 players and the like do not understand is this. Deaf people need a much higher in-ear volume than people with normal hearing. Furthermore, they usually suffer from selective hearing loss. This means that certain frequencies have to be output at levels just below that at which damage could occur. The sound quality and volume needed from a hearing aid reproduction chain is very much greater than that for an iPod or similar.
Nor is that all. It is not just selective amplification. Modern hearing aids can do tricks like identify refrigerator hum or hard drive noise and selectively reduce it so that the user can better distinguish other sounds. I had direct experience of this once in a meeting that took place in a room next to a large running Heidelberg printing press. I could distinguish other speakers because of the noise reduction, but the other participants could not and the meeting was abandoned. By switching between "music" and "speech" modes I could easily hear the difference.
In fact there is now a lot of competition in the hearing aid market with a number of new entrants, and as volumes increase prices are falling. But they are not easy toys to make. Small size, physical robustness, extremely low power consumption, high output, advanced digital signal processing and relatively low volume production means that $1800 is not really much to pay.
You cannot even fathom the awesomeness that goes on inside the cube...there is a whole lot of cool going on in there
But not, apparently, a lot of grown up usage of the English language.
Some people like knowing things that other people don't know and having secrets. Some people like adding to the store of human knowledge, and knowing that they have left the world a slightly better informed or capable place. Personally, I know from experience which type I prefer to work with, and it's not the "I'm a member of the in crowd, you're not" type.
I'm sorry, but you are quite wrong. And there is point to arguing about it, because Dodgson is an important enough Victorian that it is worth trying to understand his world. There is plenty of evidence to the contrary in Dodgson's own writings, including his essays attacking the Victorian practice of treating children as small adults. The publication history of Alice shows Dodgson's enormous attention to detail to make it the finest possible book for children.
Dodgson also carefully distinguished his writings on mathematics and his children's books, hence the assumed name. After meeting Queen Victoria, and mistakenly assuming he was being honoured for his work in mathematics, he sent her a copy of his next book - "A treatise on Fluxions" - which must have baffled the Palace. It is very clear indeed that he did not regard the Alice books as aimed at adults.
The fact that he joked about things the Victorians took seriously - including taking the piss out of "moral" writing for children - was because he wanted to protect them from being treated as moral adults. But he was writing for children - so the idea was that they would see the funny side of the stuff adults were trying to impose on them. When he wanted to do that kind of thing for adults he wrote a serious essay or a sermon. As part of the Victorian Establishment, he knew how careful he had to be in employing ridicule.
Dodgson wrote a lot more than just Alice, and there is plenty of data.
I wish I'd seen the thread earlier because there is an error: Dodgson was not a tutor in mathematics. He was a Student of Christ Church Oxford(The House), which means he was a top level research mathematician. He was a pioneer of photography (in a day when that mean also being a cutting-edge chemist) whose social circle included people like Tennyson. He wrote seriously not only on mathematics but also theology. It's clear from his writings that what he really wanted was a family, but owing to the weird setup of the day only the Master of a college could be married - and Dodgson makes it clear frequently that he felt much better qualified for that job than the incumbent. The Alice of the stories is Alice Liddell, daughter of the head of The House, and there is at least one sarcastic reference (regarding its banality) to Liddell's book in Alice.
Dodgson wrote a number of stories for children that were designed to exemplify mathematical ideas, but which today are almost unreadably sentimental. But his intentions with the Alice books were perfectly clear. He wanted to write the very best children's books he could, and he paid obsessive (and expensive) attention to detail in getting them illustrated and published. He was writing for an extremely intelligent little girl and her friends, all from academic backgrounds. I am sure all the other stuff simply sprang from his extremely well stocked mind.
The relevance of this to the film is obvious - Burton is a highly intelligent (if slightly eccentric) film maker. Had Dodgson been around today, it's all too easy to believe that Burton would have been his automatic first choice for director.
You do know modern jet fighters are dynamically unstable and can't be flown mechanically, they must use fly by wire? You do know that if the Airbus that came down in the Hudson had been a previous generation aircraft most of the people on board would probably have died, because the Airbus computer is able to support landing on water and most aircraft aren't?
The simple fact is that overall a Prius with its minor brake transfer problem is far safer than any pre-ABS/traction control car. The fault is far less serious than, say, brake fade in drum brakes. And I don't even own a Toyota. You don't need any kind of tinfoil hat to think this is about bashing the part of the motor industry that is not US-owned.
Microwaves can definitely break hydrogen bonds. (You can boil water in a microwave oven.) Therefore they could, in principle, disrupt proteins. However, in order to do this, considerable energy is needed; you need to reach temperatures over 40C in human beings, an increase of 3 degrees over normal body temperature.
The issue is one of penetration. For the radiation from cell phones this is very low. The depth affected is comparable to that which is warmed by, for instance, sunshine. Except for a cell phone close to the ear - where most of the heating comes from the battery and the electronics getting warm - the effect from all combined sources is very small, much smaller than the effect of sunshine or even an incandescent lamp a couple of meters away.
So, barring the discovery of some kind of magic effect, the conclusion has to be that the risk is negligible because the absorbed radiation is infinitesimally small compared to the energy absorbed from the other wavelengths of incident radiation.
You get much more penetration for lower frequency radiation - up to VHF - than for microwaves, and for the best part of a hundred years we have been exposing people to rather high doses of it. The radiation from the converter stages of a superhet radio or a VHF/UHF television greatly exceeds what you get from wi-fi or your DECT phone. But strangely, nobody suffered from headaches as a result of listening to AM radios, perhaps because they did not know that radio and TV receivers actually emitted radiation, often at several volts per meter.
It actually started when she was selected as McCain's running mate. The actual root cause is Eisenhower spinning in his grave fast enough to distort gravity.
Now insert optional Biden version after this post.
Persistence and parametrisation limit the scope of what can be done on web pages to a certain extent. But in any case all fields coming back from the browser should be sanitised before use. That includes checks for field length, both upper and lower bounds, integer overflow, and all potentially malicious syntax.
I strongly disagree too with the idea (below) that libraries should include this kind of thing. This just encourages laziness and makes it harder to check the source code of the libraries. Personally I do not like Hibernate at all because it provides far too much intermediation between the database and the application, meaning that it becomes very hard to see where the boundaries are while practically guaranteeing a loss of efficiency.
In a properly written Java (or indeed any OO) application it is easy to create classes to handle database objects and encapsulate the necessary level of security and error checking. It takes a bit more work up front but it enables you to have confidence that what you are telling the SQL server to do is safe.
Look at my sig. I'm a systems modeler, and before that my work included research into copper alloys, so I borrowed Kupfernigk's actual name, not the Latinisation, for my sig (since he built a mathematical model of the Solar System). "Kupfer" is still the German word for copper.
So, to nitpick, since transuranics use the actual form of scientist's names, it should really be Kupfernigkium, Kf.
(Otherwise, Einsteinium would have to be Unopetrium.)
The number of our neighbours that have largely unused RVs hanging around taking up space and depreciating shows that there are plenty of people who would go for the idea.
In fact it has been tried out - on the local canal we have Emily and Bronte, a small tug and a longer liveaboard boat that can go around separately or as a unit. The owner has his engineering workshop in the tug, so he can act as a mobile marine mechanic and move the whole rig around when he wants a change of scene.
Yes. Solar cells are currently approx. 8 sq M per peak kilowatt, and I've just ordered 25 sq M for my roof. That should generate approx. 2700 KWH/year, which is enough to send a typical Euro supermini about 7000 miles at 70mph. With 25 sq M of effective sail area, that range and speed will reduce rather a lot. And that's before you factor in the tonne of batteries for when the sun isn't shining.
A solar powered ship will doubtless eventually be feasible, as will be a low speed (20-30mph) truck. But not cars.
You are right and I wish my mod points had not expired yesterday. The Republicans shouting "Drill, baby, drill" did not seem to understand that for Alaskan oil to work, the oil price would need to be much higher than it is now. They do not understand the increasing marginalisation of reserves.
Compared to Europe and the Far East, oil consumption is very high. It takes about twice as much oil to transport an American a mile as a European or a Japanese. It takes twice as much oil to heat or cool large American houses, per occupant. US health care is two or more times as expensive per head as it is in Europe. These are real competitive disadvantages which increasingly affect the attractiveness of the US life style. It is no good having large houses if you cannot afford to heat them in winter or cool them in summer, and cannot afford the long commute to them. Whereas outside the Eastern seaboard and San Francisco, most US cities are not very pleasant to live in. The Chinese have a similar problem with the vast spaces of their interior.
It's worth considering that Lomborg is a European economist, and in many ways his arguments are valid for Europe. They may appeal to many Americans, but adopting his approach could be very bad for the US in the long term. Perhaps that's his intention.
Article in February Scientific American says latest astronomical research shows that Titan has sand deserts where the grains are complex organic molecules. (a great place for a vacation - deserts of bituminous sand, littered with rocks made of water ice, and with occasional heavy methane showers. )
Physicists have adopted the word "particles" to mean all kinds of different things, and I think this is a lot of the problem. It made sense when electrons, protons and neutrons first were discovered, because they had a relatively familiar kind of pointlike behavior even though this was not really correct. I have a nuclear physics textbook from the 1930s, and it is really interesting to see the state of confusion they were in at the time. (Memo to global warming denialists: there was also a lot of discussion about whether this stuff was or was not "real" and whether the experiments meant anything. This came to a sudden stop around mid-1945, for some obscure reason. However, I digress.)
Most people use the word "particle" to mean a small solid object, and I think it is fair to say that quarks, gluons, and the Higgs can't meaningfully be categorised in this way. It is not surprising that early mathematical physicists often emphasised concentrating on the wave equations and not trying to assign physical meanings.
Slashdot Mirror
Turbocharging a Diesel allows smaller cylinders resulting in a lower heat loss during compression, thus further increasing efficiency, and allows lower RPM thus increasing available expansion time. It is a win/win option. In the engine of my small European car, the exhaust turbine enclosure is cast into the exhaust manifold, with the result that the turbine is so small as to be almost unnoticeable, yet it is a variable vane design. In the last week I've recorded an average of 48 MPUSG on 500 miles of motorway at an average close to 70mph. Under the same conditions my first Diesel car, a normally aspirated lump with lower air resistance, would have achieved around 36-40MPUSG. It was slower, needed more frequent servicing, and produced soot. The new engine needs an oil change every 10,000 miles and produces no visible soot at all. Progress.
That was my girlfriend, and she went off with him. He promised her that once she understood the Schroedinger equation, she would really get into big bangs.
If you read carefully, you will see that while high the guy was trying to read up on how hard drives work. All those curled up dimensions and wormholes are just hard drive analogies.
After one major display of crap management (leaving the annual budget till the night before he had to present it to the group CEO and then blaming the CFO when the numbers didn't add up) the CFO announced that he now intended to wait till there was a really heavy storm on the M42 and the CEO was driving through it, then call him and tell him exactly what he thought of him. This would surely result in his getting flattened by a truck.
Unfortunately we all got other jobs and left before the opportunity arose, but I still think it would be a legal way to wipe out very aggressive people.
Nowhere in the Bible does it mention that one day there would be a US Constitution and it would be a sacred and unalterable document, no matter how society evolved since its creation. So, as a Biblical literalist(OK not really, just for the purposes of this argument), I don't believe that your "US Constitution" has any authority in the matter.
The judges are asserting that there is a likelihood that the prosecutor was retaliating by threatening to prosecute because the Does were seeking to exercise their rights under the law. Isn't this barratry?
It shows you where a First in Maths from Oxford can get you. Lawyers get Aston Martins, bankers get Bentleys, mathematicians get the ultimate in sports cars. Who says GB PLC doesn't have its priorities right?
Once again it fails to get off the ground.
Any medium size company can obtain an A/D, a D/A and a DSP and glue them together. Now add a microphone 4mm long by 2mm diameter that handles the frequency range 125-8000Hz, a speaker the same size that handles the same range with high power levels, and then run the whole thing off a tiny battery for a week of continuous use.
What people who compare these things to MP3 players and the like do not understand is this. Deaf people need a much higher in-ear volume than people with normal hearing. Furthermore, they usually suffer from selective hearing loss. This means that certain frequencies have to be output at levels just below that at which damage could occur. The sound quality and volume needed from a hearing aid reproduction chain is very much greater than that for an iPod or similar.
Nor is that all. It is not just selective amplification. Modern hearing aids can do tricks like identify refrigerator hum or hard drive noise and selectively reduce it so that the user can better distinguish other sounds. I had direct experience of this once in a meeting that took place in a room next to a large running Heidelberg printing press. I could distinguish other speakers because of the noise reduction, but the other participants could not and the meeting was abandoned. By switching between "music" and "speech" modes I could easily hear the difference.
In fact there is now a lot of competition in the hearing aid market with a number of new entrants, and as volumes increase prices are falling. But they are not easy toys to make. Small size, physical robustness, extremely low power consumption, high output, advanced digital signal processing and relatively low volume production means that $1800 is not really much to pay.
Come on, give him his proper title.
But not, apparently, a lot of grown up usage of the English language.
Some people like knowing things that other people don't know and having secrets. Some people like adding to the store of human knowledge, and knowing that they have left the world a slightly better informed or capable place. Personally, I know from experience which type I prefer to work with, and it's not the "I'm a member of the in crowd, you're not" type.
Dodgson also carefully distinguished his writings on mathematics and his children's books, hence the assumed name. After meeting Queen Victoria, and mistakenly assuming he was being honoured for his work in mathematics, he sent her a copy of his next book - "A treatise on Fluxions" - which must have baffled the Palace. It is very clear indeed that he did not regard the Alice books as aimed at adults.
The fact that he joked about things the Victorians took seriously - including taking the piss out of "moral" writing for children - was because he wanted to protect them from being treated as moral adults. But he was writing for children - so the idea was that they would see the funny side of the stuff adults were trying to impose on them. When he wanted to do that kind of thing for adults he wrote a serious essay or a sermon. As part of the Victorian Establishment, he knew how careful he had to be in employing ridicule.
I wish I'd seen the thread earlier because there is an error: Dodgson was not a tutor in mathematics. He was a Student of Christ Church Oxford(The House), which means he was a top level research mathematician. He was a pioneer of photography (in a day when that mean also being a cutting-edge chemist) whose social circle included people like Tennyson. He wrote seriously not only on mathematics but also theology. It's clear from his writings that what he really wanted was a family, but owing to the weird setup of the day only the Master of a college could be married - and Dodgson makes it clear frequently that he felt much better qualified for that job than the incumbent. The Alice of the stories is Alice Liddell, daughter of the head of The House, and there is at least one sarcastic reference (regarding its banality) to Liddell's book in Alice.
Dodgson wrote a number of stories for children that were designed to exemplify mathematical ideas, but which today are almost unreadably sentimental. But his intentions with the Alice books were perfectly clear. He wanted to write the very best children's books he could, and he paid obsessive (and expensive) attention to detail in getting them illustrated and published. He was writing for an extremely intelligent little girl and her friends, all from academic backgrounds. I am sure all the other stuff simply sprang from his extremely well stocked mind.
The relevance of this to the film is obvious - Burton is a highly intelligent (if slightly eccentric) film maker. Had Dodgson been around today, it's all too easy to believe that Burton would have been his automatic first choice for director.
The simple fact is that overall a Prius with its minor brake transfer problem is far safer than any pre-ABS/traction control car. The fault is far less serious than, say, brake fade in drum brakes. And I don't even own a Toyota. You don't need any kind of tinfoil hat to think this is about bashing the part of the motor industry that is not US-owned.
The issue is one of penetration. For the radiation from cell phones this is very low. The depth affected is comparable to that which is warmed by, for instance, sunshine. Except for a cell phone close to the ear - where most of the heating comes from the battery and the electronics getting warm - the effect from all combined sources is very small, much smaller than the effect of sunshine or even an incandescent lamp a couple of meters away.
So, barring the discovery of some kind of magic effect, the conclusion has to be that the risk is negligible because the absorbed radiation is infinitesimally small compared to the energy absorbed from the other wavelengths of incident radiation.
You get much more penetration for lower frequency radiation - up to VHF - than for microwaves, and for the best part of a hundred years we have been exposing people to rather high doses of it. The radiation from the converter stages of a superhet radio or a VHF/UHF television greatly exceeds what you get from wi-fi or your DECT phone. But strangely, nobody suffered from headaches as a result of listening to AM radios, perhaps because they did not know that radio and TV receivers actually emitted radiation, often at several volts per meter.
Now insert optional Biden version after this post.
I strongly disagree too with the idea (below) that libraries should include this kind of thing. This just encourages laziness and makes it harder to check the source code of the libraries. Personally I do not like Hibernate at all because it provides far too much intermediation between the database and the application, meaning that it becomes very hard to see where the boundaries are while practically guaranteeing a loss of efficiency.
In a properly written Java (or indeed any OO) application it is easy to create classes to handle database objects and encapsulate the necessary level of security and error checking. It takes a bit more work up front but it enables you to have confidence that what you are telling the SQL server to do is safe.
You read it here. Apple is infringing the Harry Potter Business Model patent.
So, to nitpick, since transuranics use the actual form of scientist's names, it should really be Kupfernigkium, Kf.
(Otherwise, Einsteinium would have to be Unopetrium.)
In fact it has been tried out - on the local canal we have Emily and Bronte, a small tug and a longer liveaboard boat that can go around separately or as a unit. The owner has his engineering workshop in the tug, so he can act as a mobile marine mechanic and move the whole rig around when he wants a change of scene.
picture included
A solar powered ship will doubtless eventually be feasible, as will be a low speed (20-30mph) truck. But not cars.
Compared to Europe and the Far East, oil consumption is very high. It takes about twice as much oil to transport an American a mile as a European or a Japanese. It takes twice as much oil to heat or cool large American houses, per occupant. US health care is two or more times as expensive per head as it is in Europe. These are real competitive disadvantages which increasingly affect the attractiveness of the US life style. It is no good having large houses if you cannot afford to heat them in winter or cool them in summer, and cannot afford the long commute to them. Whereas outside the Eastern seaboard and San Francisco, most US cities are not very pleasant to live in. The Chinese have a similar problem with the vast spaces of their interior.
It's worth considering that Lomborg is a European economist, and in many ways his arguments are valid for Europe. They may appeal to many Americans, but adopting his approach could be very bad for the US in the long term. Perhaps that's his intention.
At 4.1, the GPL just suddenly stopped working and the logs filled up with error messages.
Article in February Scientific American says latest astronomical research shows that Titan has sand deserts where the grains are complex organic molecules. (a great place for a vacation - deserts of bituminous sand, littered with rocks made of water ice, and with occasional heavy methane showers. )
Most people use the word "particle" to mean a small solid object, and I think it is fair to say that quarks, gluons, and the Higgs can't meaningfully be categorised in this way. It is not surprising that early mathematical physicists often emphasised concentrating on the wave equations and not trying to assign physical meanings.