It's secure against a Stuxnet style sabotage attack, and secure against a remote hack. But hijacking a nuclear missile silo is a different type of mission.
You could likely simulate the entire system on a damn Arduino. On site, just open a panel, swap out a cable, bypass the whole control system.
Even if the floppies themselves contained some data or codes necessary to access/program the missiles (for example), given the low data densities, by modern standards the magnetic domains are the size of cows. You could easily jury-rig up a hand-held reader from commercial components and a bit of hard-hack know-how. And brute force decrypting anything from that era should be doable on a modern laptop.
Any custom system is safe, provided the enemy doesn't know how it works. But security-by-antiquity is a particularly bad example of security-by-obscurity given the likelihood of information leakage over time by people who didn't realise that their systems were still in use (particularly if they were never told what they were used for.) And chances are, your own intelligence people aren't even going to know what to listen for: "Yeah, just some hobbyists talking about early '70s computer technology. Disregard."
There almost certainly are more brown dwarves than other star type, but their relative mass is tiny. About 1% of a solar mass. So to account for dark matter, you'd need over 1000 brown dwarves for each and every other star in the galaxy.
Seriously? Five seconds. Stress induced high-blood pressure.
Additionally, stress causing sleep disturbance can weaken the lower oesophageal sphincter, which lets acid leak into the oesophagus at night. Stress also causes increased acid production. Combine the two (reflux) and you have the very, very common stress symptom of morning nausea. And if that causes you to start regularly vomiting bile (as the summary suggests happened in this case), you'll soon damage the thin membranes in the nose, drastically increasing the regularity of nose bleeds.
Not enough? Acid (from the reflux) on the throat increases your risk of throat infection, which means you cough a lot, which causes spiking blood-pressure from hacking fits, which overcomes already weakened nasal blood vessels.
There are a lot of possible paths. Which is why nose bleeds are such a common symptom of stress.
Nose bleeds, nausea, hair loss, rashes, joint pain, migraines, weakness, tiredness, weight loss/gain, sleep disturbances, mood swings, depression, etc etc.
Which happen to be the same symptoms as low-level persistent environmental poisoning. That's what makes it so hard.
Having a substance in your blood doesn't mean the manufacturer was the cause. Bell curves and all that. If you test for everything, chances are you'll find something. And not having a substance in the blood doesn't mean the manufacturer wasn't the cause, given that tests can only test for what they are designed for, you can't detect mystery substance #7.
They are symptoms of low level poisoning and immune disorders.
They are also symptoms of on-going stress, such as being panicked over fracking on (or under) your property. Psychosomatic illness, "Nocebos", negative placebos.
This coincidence of symptoms, and our inability to separate the causes, is an issue in most of these cases. You hear about your favourite brand of soap powder causing obscure immune issues, suddenly you get a rash, then you get migraines and join pain, within six months you can barely get out of bed. Poisonous soap powder, or six months of obsessive worry crippling your immune system? Same symptoms, but do you sue the soap company, or the activist network that caused the stress?
NASA telling them they couldn't relight the engine in case it hit ISS.
No, NASA told them they couldn't relight the engine in order to keep a sufficient reserve in case Dragon had to make multiple approach-aborts while attempting to dock with the ISS. Which, as it turned out, it didn't.
It's not a treaty, no signer has ratified it. The "memorandum of understanding" states only that the US (and UK and Russia, and in a separate agreement, France) agrees not to use or threaten to use nukes on the Ukraine (which it hasn't), not to challenge the territorial integrity of Ukraine (which it hasn't), to respect the then existing borders of Ukraine (which it does), and to raise any attack by another party against the Ukraine in the Security Council (which the UK did, with US support.) There's no requirement to defend the Ukraine against another signatory or non-signatory attacking them. A mutual defence treaty is a whole different kettle of fish.
The US (and UK and France) have upheld their ends of the agreement (again, not treaty), only Russia has violated the agreement.
is there any lighter-weight p2p based VPN system, [...] I'd let a Brit route through my home connection a little, if I could get to the BBC sites in return.
While this is a lovely idea, it is unnecessary for you. BBC doesn't block any workarounds.
For eg, if you're using Firefox, use the ModifyHeaders addon, or an equivalent. Add an "X-Forwarded For" tag to your browser header with a UK IP address. I use one of the BBC's own addresses. Works fine. (There are also location-spoofer addons that have a preprogrammed list of IPs for different nations, just click on the nation of your choice.)
This method works with almost all region-blocking streamers. BBC. CBC. Comedy Channel. YouTube.
However, the BBC makes only the most token efforts to block foreign viewers. Here in Australia, I can watch BBC iPlayer content just by adding an "X-Forwarded For" tag to the browser header (I use one of the BBC's own IP addresses.)
Likewise for local content from outside Australia. Likewise for providers like the Comedy Channel in the US. No proxies or other trickery required. Just change the tag in the header to an IP from the nation of the streamer, bam, done.
Hulu, otoh, actively hunts down each and every work-around as if it were a personal insult.
Re:Hulu to studios: "You leave money on the table.
on
Hulu Blocks VPN Users
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· Score: 1
Why can't Hulu encourage the copyright owners to provide that information?
Then why can't Hulu sign a deal to be the first such licensee? Hulu could tell the studios that otherwise, they are leaving money on the table.
Given that Hulu is owned by the studios, so it's worse than you think. If any streamer could get world-wide licensing, it's Hulu.
But here's a better question: With so many countries so eager to (secretly) negotiate IP treaties, why isn't access rights ever something they sort out once and for all?
"We need uniformity of IP laws..." Great, give us uniform access rights. "BUT BUT... DIFFERENTIATED MARKET PRICING!" Then you don't really "need" uniform IP laws either.
Currently the leaf is 29k, it'll be interesting to see what Tesla actually ends up with, and where Nissan (and others presumably) are by then, but I would expect a 10k price difference still.
Nissan Leaf: sub-100mi range, might get to 150mi in TFA, $29k base. Looks like this.
Tesla Model E: Maybe 200mi range, $35k base. Looks like this.
Tesla is going to always appeal to the luxury market. And that is where the profits are. (Reportedly Lexus alone earns over 2/3rds Toyota's profits.)
Plus the Model E will appeal to people who find $39k cheap, whereas the Leaf will only appeal to people who find $29k expensive. Leaf is not competing with Telsas, it's competing with $16k conventional small cars. (NIssan's own Pulsar, for example, is the same size and style as the Leaf, but costs $10k less than the Leaf. For a base-model Leaf, you can buy a top-of-the-range Pulsar. (Oh, and that also gets you 350km range. And $10k buys 50,000 miles of fuel.))
Where X miles is some unit that has no relationship to the actual amount of driving you do. Sure, if you're an Australian Cattle Rancher crossing the route from Perth to Adelaide, maybe you care about having range.
There's a big difference between going to your local shopping centre and a 1700 miles trek half way across Australia.
For example, I'd be lucky to drive 80 miles in a week. But this evening I will be driving 100 miles to a location I probably can't recharge at. Then tomorrow I'll be driving around all day running errands across three towns, with not a recharge-station in sight. Then I'll need to drive the 100 miles home. My existing car will do that on a single full tank. And refuelling is so easy I won't even bother to check if it's fully fuelled before I leave.
If I owned a Leaf, I'd either need to hire a real car every time I do something like this, or I'd need to buy a second proper car. And if I did the latter, why the fuck would I want the Leaf? For the local price of the Leaf, I could use the proper car and pay for 7000 gallons of fuel.
Grandma who never drives outside of town? What is she worrying about?
So you're saying that electric vehicles are only suitable for grandmothers who use it to drive to the local shopping centre and church on Sunday?
That's your refutation? "The Leaf is a great car! (Provided you don't drive much.)"
Why is it so hard for your to understand the points raised in the previous three comments? Why did you think recharging an electric vehicle was somehow analogous to filling a fuel tank? And why on Earth would you think that there's anything equivalent to AAA-gasoline for electrics? I mean, the fact that you even thought of roadside service bringing out a small tank of fuel should have made you see the fundamental difference between batteries and fuel-tanks. But instead, you actually used it as a snark, thinking you were refuting any such difference. Why?
This is a genuine question. I see comments like yours a lot, and I don't understand how people can't see the difference between stopping at a service station for a few minutes, available on every corner, with having to stop overnight to recharge from a mains, or having to find a rare recharge station for a half-hour recharge session.
There are differences. The horse and the electric vehicles have to recharge slowly. The fossil fuelled vehicles can refuel as fast as you can pour liquid into a tank.
"Range anxiety" with electrics isn't just "40km before I have to refuel", it's "40km before I have to stop and plug in for the night." Completely different issue.
If "supercharge" stations are as common as fuel stations, you might cut that down to ten minutes (plus queuing time) at the expense of battery life. But anywhere else, you're plugging into a wall overnight for an 8-12 hour recharge.
However, in Australia, the rate of mass shootings went from 1 every 18 months to not one in 18 years. (There was one campus shooting which almost counted.) That's a fairly sharp drop, from an expected 12 to not quite 1.
It's pretty amazing to think that merely restricting weapons types virtually eliminates the ability of these kinds of nut-jobs from being able to carry out their attacks. I certainly wasn't expecting it, it's too easy from criminals to get their hands on illegal weapon types, the black market can only expand as unsurrendered weapons leak onto the market, and yet... 100% reduction. Surprised me, I was predicting no effect.
And there's a fair sized group of people who commit crimes with hand guns most which are already illegally obtained.
Illegally obtained... from where? How many US gun crimes are committed with home-made or illegally-imported weapons? Versus how many are committed with otherwise perfectly legal guns stolen off of legal gun owners, or illegally resold second-hand, or illegally transported across state-lines. Calling them "illegal" is pretty disingenuous.
Australia passed laws in 1996 to greatly limit firearms. The number of firearms and the number of violent deaths in Australia both suffered major declines in the years since then.
Actually, the number of guns returned to pre-ban levels. Only the composition of the national armoury changed. It's that which eliminated mass shootings and reduced fire-arm deaths.
This should be reassuring for Americans. It's not "gummin tuk ur guns", it just a restriction on gun types. You can still hunt, sport-shoot, home defend, etc.
Sure, but metalworking tools aren't that cheap and they require skill and knowledge to operate.
Only if you want to make a useful gun. To make a zip-gun you only need a barrel and a firing pin.
For example, find some steel pipe with an internal diameter capable of snugly holding a shotgun shell of your choosing. Call this our barrel. Find another, larger pipe with a threaded end, which has an internal diameter to slip over the outside of the smaller pipe/barrel. This becomes our trigger (and is also a reinforcing for the "firing chamber" end of the barrel, just-in-case.) Find a steel end-cap that fits the larger pipe.
Note that these are off-the-shelf parts. Other than cutting them to your preferred length, you haven't "made" anything. Now here comes the entire modification...
Drill a hole in the end-cap. Take a metal screw, round the tip and then screw it firmly into the hole you've drilled in the end cap.
Phew! You're done. Treat yourself to another beer.
Now load a shell into the "barrel", slide the larger pipe over the back, aim the "barrel" at your intended target, then pump it once, hard, like a bike-pump. The screw is the firing pin. Weirdly, because you're slamming the larger pipe forwards as the shell fires, you barely notice the recoil. Pull the "trigger" pipe off, flick the spent shell out of the "barrel", load another, repeat until it's too hot to hold or you've run out of beer.
Now you've got the basic concept, you can easily imagine making something similar out of very thick walled plastic pipe. (Or plastic rod, say 2.5-inch diam, drilling a hole down the centre sized for the.22 bullet.) This time, thread the back of the barrel-pipe itself and fit an end-cap. Add a firing-pin (say a nail) on a spring to a hole drilled in the end-cap. Unlike our zip-shotgun, you'll need to unscrew the end-cap every time you reload, but with plastic we want a bit of extra security.
If you want to get fancy, you can set up guards and grips, and mechanical-lever triggers, and style it all to look like a pistol. But essentially this is all Cody Wilson made. A thick plastic pipe, a threaded end-cap, and a pin on a spring.
So, you ask, why don't you see these all over the place in the hands of crimnils and tairists? Because they are zip guns. One shot and then you are unarmed until you can unscrew it, eject the spent cartridge, load a new one, re-screw the back, cock aim and fire. (About ten seconds, judging by Cody's videos.) During this time, there's a fair chance someone will jump up and down on your stupid head. Also, smooth-bore, so no accuracy beyond ten feet.
Don't get me wrong, if you are in a Sth American prison and this is your only means of over-powering a guard and escaping, I recommend it highly. But if you want to be a criminal, I suggest you steal a real gun.
You misunderstand, they want kids taught the transferable skills. So athleticism and mindless team-patriotism that can be steered towards being a good foot-soldier. Debate to identify useful propagandists for recruitment. ("Oh, since you're good at debate, have you considered doing Pol.Sci or Law?" "Oh, you're doing Law with a minor in Pol.Sci, have you considered doing an internship with Senator Snot's office?" "Oh, you interned with the Senator? Here at Snot, Booger and Loogie we do a lot of work for clients who enjoy political... access.")
Science, otoh, is notorious for not following the party line. If your science teacher isn't following the letter of the rules, then you risk creating students not doing so when they work for on politically important research. Understanding reality? Following evidence? WTF is that shit? Your job is to provide evidence to justify what we already decided.
1) stop all activities that train for grenade throwing. For example, one so-called sport has a group of five taking turns attempting to throw a projectile through a 'hoop'
Really? You wanted a grenade analogy and you went with basketball? When baseball was available?
Some of this might be offset by local generation like solar, but the charge pattern of an commuter EV (spend the day away from home, charge at night) doesn't lend itself to solar very well. Our current grid is sized for our current load,
The grid is sized for peak daytime usage. And, as you say, peak-recharge is at night. So the grid already has significant spare capacity to absorb an early rush to electric. That gives providers plenty of warning, and a large margin of error, to plan their upgrades. It also, by definition, increases their revenue.
Slashdot Mirror
It's secure against a Stuxnet style sabotage attack, and secure against a remote hack. But hijacking a nuclear missile silo is a different type of mission.
You could likely simulate the entire system on a damn Arduino. On site, just open a panel, swap out a cable, bypass the whole control system.
Even if the floppies themselves contained some data or codes necessary to access/program the missiles (for example), given the low data densities, by modern standards the magnetic domains are the size of cows. You could easily jury-rig up a hand-held reader from commercial components and a bit of hard-hack know-how. And brute force decrypting anything from that era should be doable on a modern laptop.
Any custom system is safe, provided the enemy doesn't know how it works. But security-by-antiquity is a particularly bad example of security-by-obscurity given the likelihood of information leakage over time by people who didn't realise that their systems were still in use (particularly if they were never told what they were used for.) And chances are, your own intelligence people aren't even going to know what to listen for: "Yeah, just some hobbyists talking about early '70s computer technology. Disregard."
(which are next-to-impossible for Joe Bloggs to get hold of)
I don't think Joe Bloggs is the one trying to breach a US nuclear silo.
There almost certainly are more brown dwarves than other star type, but their relative mass is tiny. About 1% of a solar mass. So to account for dark matter, you'd need over 1000 brown dwarves for each and every other star in the galaxy.
Unless is used to orbit the sun, it was never a planet under the current definitions.
If you're gonna be pedantic, be pedantic.
Seriously? Five seconds. Stress induced high-blood pressure.
Additionally, stress causing sleep disturbance can weaken the lower oesophageal sphincter, which lets acid leak into the oesophagus at night. Stress also causes increased acid production. Combine the two (reflux) and you have the very, very common stress symptom of morning nausea. And if that causes you to start regularly vomiting bile (as the summary suggests happened in this case), you'll soon damage the thin membranes in the nose, drastically increasing the regularity of nose bleeds.
Not enough? Acid (from the reflux) on the throat increases your risk of throat infection, which means you cough a lot, which causes spiking blood-pressure from hacking fits, which overcomes already weakened nasal blood vessels.
There are a lot of possible paths. Which is why nose bleeds are such a common symptom of stress.
Nose bleeds, nausea, hair loss, rashes, joint pain, migraines, weakness, tiredness, weight loss/gain, sleep disturbances, mood swings, depression, etc etc.
Which happen to be the same symptoms as low-level persistent environmental poisoning. That's what makes it so hard.
Having a substance in your blood doesn't mean the manufacturer was the cause. Bell curves and all that. If you test for everything, chances are you'll find something. And not having a substance in the blood doesn't mean the manufacturer wasn't the cause, given that tests can only test for what they are designed for, you can't detect mystery substance #7.
They are symptoms of low level poisoning and immune disorders.
They are also symptoms of on-going stress, such as being panicked over fracking on (or under) your property. Psychosomatic illness, "Nocebos", negative placebos.
This coincidence of symptoms, and our inability to separate the causes, is an issue in most of these cases. You hear about your favourite brand of soap powder causing obscure immune issues, suddenly you get a rash, then you get migraines and join pain, within six months you can barely get out of bed. Poisonous soap powder, or six months of obsessive worry crippling your immune system? Same symptoms, but do you sue the soap company, or the activist network that caused the stress?
NASA telling them they couldn't relight the engine in case it hit ISS.
No, NASA told them they couldn't relight the engine in order to keep a sufficient reserve in case Dragon had to make multiple approach-aborts while attempting to dock with the ISS. Which, as it turned out, it didn't.
It's not a treaty, no signer has ratified it. The "memorandum of understanding" states only that the US (and UK and Russia, and in a separate agreement, France) agrees not to use or threaten to use nukes on the Ukraine (which it hasn't), not to challenge the territorial integrity of Ukraine (which it hasn't), to respect the then existing borders of Ukraine (which it does), and to raise any attack by another party against the Ukraine in the Security Council (which the UK did, with US support.) There's no requirement to defend the Ukraine against another signatory or non-signatory attacking them. A mutual defence treaty is a whole different kettle of fish.
The US (and UK and France) have upheld their ends of the agreement (again, not treaty), only Russia has violated the agreement.
is there any lighter-weight p2p based VPN system, [...] I'd let a Brit route through my home connection a little, if I could get to the BBC sites in return.
While this is a lovely idea, it is unnecessary for you. BBC doesn't block any workarounds.
For eg, if you're using Firefox, use the ModifyHeaders addon, or an equivalent. Add an "X-Forwarded For" tag to your browser header with a UK IP address. I use one of the BBC's own addresses. Works fine. (There are also location-spoofer addons that have a preprogrammed list of IPs for different nations, just click on the nation of your choice.)
This method works with almost all region-blocking streamers. BBC. CBC. Comedy Channel. YouTube.
All except Hulu.
However, the BBC makes only the most token efforts to block foreign viewers. Here in Australia, I can watch BBC iPlayer content just by adding an "X-Forwarded For" tag to the browser header (I use one of the BBC's own IP addresses.)
Likewise for local content from outside Australia. Likewise for providers like the Comedy Channel in the US. No proxies or other trickery required. Just change the tag in the header to an IP from the nation of the streamer, bam, done.
Hulu, otoh, actively hunts down each and every work-around as if it were a personal insult.
Given that Hulu is owned by the studios, so it's worse than you think. If any streamer could get world-wide licensing, it's Hulu.
But here's a better question: With so many countries so eager to (secretly) negotiate IP treaties, why isn't access rights ever something they sort out once and for all?
"We need uniformity of IP laws..." Great, give us uniform access rights. "BUT BUT... DIFFERENTIATED MARKET PRICING!" Then you don't really "need" uniform IP laws either.
Currently the leaf is 29k, it'll be interesting to see what Tesla actually ends up with, and where Nissan (and others presumably) are by then, but I would expect a 10k price difference still.
Nissan Leaf: sub-100mi range, might get to 150mi in TFA, $29k base. Looks like this.
Tesla Model E: Maybe 200mi range, $35k base. Looks like this.
Tesla is going to always appeal to the luxury market. And that is where the profits are. (Reportedly Lexus alone earns over 2/3rds Toyota's profits.)
Plus the Model E will appeal to people who find $39k cheap, whereas the Leaf will only appeal to people who find $29k expensive. Leaf is not competing with Telsas, it's competing with $16k conventional small cars. (NIssan's own Pulsar, for example, is the same size and style as the Leaf, but costs $10k less than the Leaf. For a base-model Leaf, you can buy a top-of-the-range Pulsar. (Oh, and that also gets you 350km range. And $10k buys 50,000 miles of fuel.))
Where X miles is some unit that has no relationship to the actual amount of driving you do. Sure, if you're an Australian Cattle Rancher crossing the route from Perth to Adelaide, maybe you care about having range.
There's a big difference between going to your local shopping centre and a 1700 miles trek half way across Australia.
For example, I'd be lucky to drive 80 miles in a week. But this evening I will be driving 100 miles to a location I probably can't recharge at. Then tomorrow I'll be driving around all day running errands across three towns, with not a recharge-station in sight. Then I'll need to drive the 100 miles home. My existing car will do that on a single full tank. And refuelling is so easy I won't even bother to check if it's fully fuelled before I leave.
If I owned a Leaf, I'd either need to hire a real car every time I do something like this, or I'd need to buy a second proper car. And if I did the latter, why the fuck would I want the Leaf? For the local price of the Leaf, I could use the proper car and pay for 7000 gallons of fuel.
Grandma who never drives outside of town? What is she worrying about?
So you're saying that electric vehicles are only suitable for grandmothers who use it to drive to the local shopping centre and church on Sunday?
That's your refutation? "The Leaf is a great car! (Provided you don't drive much.)"
Why is it so hard for your to understand the points raised in the previous three comments? Why did you think recharging an electric vehicle was somehow analogous to filling a fuel tank? And why on Earth would you think that there's anything equivalent to AAA-gasoline for electrics? I mean, the fact that you even thought of roadside service bringing out a small tank of fuel should have made you see the fundamental difference between batteries and fuel-tanks. But instead, you actually used it as a snark, thinking you were refuting any such difference. Why?
This is a genuine question. I see comments like yours a lot, and I don't understand how people can't see the difference between stopping at a service station for a few minutes, available on every corner, with having to stop overnight to recharge from a mains, or having to find a rare recharge station for a half-hour recharge session.
The Nissan Leaf will really be competing with the Tesla E, not the Tesla S,.
But Nissan being Nissan, there'll inevitably be a "boy racer" body kit.
There are differences. The horse and the electric vehicles have to recharge slowly. The fossil fuelled vehicles can refuel as fast as you can pour liquid into a tank.
"Range anxiety" with electrics isn't just "40km before I have to refuel", it's "40km before I have to stop and plug in for the night." Completely different issue.
If "supercharge" stations are as common as fuel stations, you might cut that down to ten minutes (plus queuing time) at the expense of battery life. But anywhere else, you're plugging into a wall overnight for an 8-12 hour recharge.
However, in Australia, the rate of mass shootings went from 1 every 18 months to not one in 18 years. (There was one campus shooting which almost counted.) That's a fairly sharp drop, from an expected 12 to not quite 1.
It's pretty amazing to think that merely restricting weapons types virtually eliminates the ability of these kinds of nut-jobs from being able to carry out their attacks. I certainly wasn't expecting it, it's too easy from criminals to get their hands on illegal weapon types, the black market can only expand as unsurrendered weapons leak onto the market, and yet... 100% reduction. Surprised me, I was predicting no effect.
And there's a fair sized group of people who commit crimes with hand guns most which are already illegally obtained.
Illegally obtained... from where? How many US gun crimes are committed with home-made or illegally-imported weapons? Versus how many are committed with otherwise perfectly legal guns stolen off of legal gun owners, or illegally resold second-hand, or illegally transported across state-lines. Calling them "illegal" is pretty disingenuous.
Guess why you haven't seen a single picture of video of the re-entry of a Dragon capsule.
Actually there are buckets of photos of recovered capsules. And the first one, I believe, was even donated to the Smithsonian.
Since every CRS flight has returned experiments and samples from ISS, if they failed to reenter properly, SpaceX wouldn't have received payment.
http://www.parabolicarc.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/dragon_ocean_crs1.jpg
http://seradata.com/SSI/wp-content/uploads/mt/flightglobalweb/blogs/hyperbola/2012/10/30/dragon%20crs1%20small.jpg
http://www.pddnet.com/sites/pddnet.com/files/KRT-US-NEWS-SPACEX-LAUNCH-3-LA.jpg
Australia passed laws in 1996 to greatly limit firearms. The number of firearms and the number of violent deaths in Australia both suffered major declines in the years since then.
Actually, the number of guns returned to pre-ban levels. Only the composition of the national armoury changed. It's that which eliminated mass shootings and reduced fire-arm deaths.
This should be reassuring for Americans. It's not "gummin tuk ur guns", it just a restriction on gun types. You can still hunt, sport-shoot, home defend, etc.
Sure, but metalworking tools aren't that cheap and they require skill and knowledge to operate.
Only if you want to make a useful gun. To make a zip-gun you only need a barrel and a firing pin.
For example, find some steel pipe with an internal diameter capable of snugly holding a shotgun shell of your choosing. Call this our barrel. Find another, larger pipe with a threaded end, which has an internal diameter to slip over the outside of the smaller pipe/barrel. This becomes our trigger (and is also a reinforcing for the "firing chamber" end of the barrel, just-in-case.) Find a steel end-cap that fits the larger pipe.
Note that these are off-the-shelf parts. Other than cutting them to your preferred length, you haven't "made" anything. Now here comes the entire modification...
Drill a hole in the end-cap. Take a metal screw, round the tip and then screw it firmly into the hole you've drilled in the end cap.
Phew! You're done. Treat yourself to another beer.
Now load a shell into the "barrel", slide the larger pipe over the back, aim the "barrel" at your intended target, then pump it once, hard, like a bike-pump. The screw is the firing pin. Weirdly, because you're slamming the larger pipe forwards as the shell fires, you barely notice the recoil. Pull the "trigger" pipe off, flick the spent shell out of the "barrel", load another, repeat until it's too hot to hold or you've run out of beer.
Now you've got the basic concept, you can easily imagine making something similar out of very thick walled plastic pipe. (Or plastic rod, say 2.5-inch diam, drilling a hole down the centre sized for the .22 bullet.) This time, thread the back of the barrel-pipe itself and fit an end-cap. Add a firing-pin (say a nail) on a spring to a hole drilled in the end-cap. Unlike our zip-shotgun, you'll need to unscrew the end-cap every time you reload, but with plastic we want a bit of extra security.
If you want to get fancy, you can set up guards and grips, and mechanical-lever triggers, and style it all to look like a pistol. But essentially this is all Cody Wilson made. A thick plastic pipe, a threaded end-cap, and a pin on a spring.
So, you ask, why don't you see these all over the place in the hands of crimnils and tairists? Because they are zip guns. One shot and then you are unarmed until you can unscrew it, eject the spent cartridge, load a new one, re-screw the back, cock aim and fire. (About ten seconds, judging by Cody's videos.) During this time, there's a fair chance someone will jump up and down on your stupid head. Also, smooth-bore, so no accuracy beyond ten feet.
Don't get me wrong, if you are in a Sth American prison and this is your only means of over-powering a guard and escaping, I recommend it highly. But if you want to be a criminal, I suggest you steal a real gun.
You misunderstand, they want kids taught the transferable skills. So athleticism and mindless team-patriotism that can be steered towards being a good foot-soldier. Debate to identify useful propagandists for recruitment. ("Oh, since you're good at debate, have you considered doing Pol.Sci or Law?" "Oh, you're doing Law with a minor in Pol.Sci, have you considered doing an internship with Senator Snot's office?" "Oh, you interned with the Senator? Here at Snot, Booger and Loogie we do a lot of work for clients who enjoy political... access.")
Science, otoh, is notorious for not following the party line. If your science teacher isn't following the letter of the rules, then you risk creating students not doing so when they work for on politically important research. Understanding reality? Following evidence? WTF is that shit? Your job is to provide evidence to justify what we already decided.
1) stop all activities that train for grenade throwing.
For example, one so-called sport has a group of five taking turns attempting to throw a projectile through a 'hoop'
Really? You wanted a grenade analogy and you went with basketball? When baseball was available?
"We will always err on the side of protecting students."
Emphasis on "err".
If you want style you buy the S class. The B class is supposed to be an affordable econobox.
"The price in Germany will be 416,500 euros (US$ 535,869)" - Gizmag
The only car they showed which looks remotely decent was the prototype of a half-million dollar AMG supercar. No wonder they're worried.
Some of this might be offset by local generation like solar, but the charge pattern of an commuter EV (spend the day away from home, charge at night) doesn't lend itself to solar very well. Our current grid is sized for our current load,
The grid is sized for peak daytime usage. And, as you say, peak-recharge is at night. So the grid already has significant spare capacity to absorb an early rush to electric. That gives providers plenty of warning, and a large margin of error, to plan their upgrades. It also, by definition, increases their revenue.