Pakistan is a very radical Islamic country. Why did they seceed from India when India has millions of muslims?
And the USA used Pakistan, sending them billions in "aid" in their fight against Afghanistan (a proxy fight against Russia) during the Cold War. At the time Afghanistan was a progressive country promoting women's rights, equal opportunity and education ("Russian Propaganda"). Now it is in a worse state than Pakistan. 'Operation Cyclone' (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Cyclone) and others contributed to this. There ended up being a Tom Hanks movie about it. Google Images for Afghanistan shows some stark differences between the 1970s and today (its worth taking a look).
Pakistan is a very radical Islamic country. Why did they seceed from India when India has millions of muslims? Because it wasn't radical enough. Education is dangerous to the extremists with beards if women started thinking for themselves then how can they have Sharia law?
Why did they seceed? Whether or not it lead to a good outcome is another discussion, but for why it might've been more complex than simply "they weren't fundamentalist enough. There's a story here in the Philippines about the main Islamic Separatist Group here. They have the unfortunate (or not?) name of Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). Filipino Muslims are a minority and have faced historical persecution. It came to a head when and lead to the formation of a separatist group when the Philippines Government ran a covert operation to reclaim parts of neighboring Sabbah in Borneo which has strong cultural ties with the southern Philippines, despite the inconvenience of modern international borders.
Troops were trained to execute a stealth invasion, but when it was discovered they'd be fighting against their own people, they refused to participate. Consequently 60 troops were executed in secret. This lead to University of the Philippines professor Nur Misuari to form the separatist group. The current president of the Philippines was the first to acknowledge that such an incident occurred and The MILF are now considered a legitimate political organization and not a terrorist group. While there was no succession an autonomous region was granted. It has been a long road to faltering peace. It might've been a similar story with regards to Pakistan?
In the age of Weapons of Mass Destruction, most government backed wars are conducted covertly, hence the use of "terrorists", "moderate rebels", "freedom fighters", etc
Nicely said. Or as they say "perfect is the enemy of good". I thought it was Linus Torvalds that coined this phrase, but actually Google tells me it was probably Voltaire, a few hundred years before.
Why is an OS in 2015 allowing applications to make the whole UI unusable?
They don't, generally. They make a very solid effort for that not to happen.
* All the major SmartPhones (Apple, Vanila Android, Windows, Forked Android) are running pretty decent Kernels under the hood, its not like Windows 95 where a rogue memory leak can bring the whole system down.
* All but system libraries are statically linked.
* There's a watchdog that scans for misbehaving apps - ones that are using too many resources for too long, and kills them before they prevent overall responsiveness.
Its conceivable that the kernel or watchdog is misbehaving, but more likely competition and increasing complexity has lead to:
* More software services and apps running on top of the core OS. And marketing cycles that mean these are released with bugs.
* Devices capable of running a whole lot more apps. Some of which will have bugs. If your early phone had 10 apps and one bug, and your new one has 100 apps and 10 bugs, the latter will be more noticible.
Why don't they do a double-transplant? Just swap the heads?
Maybe a husband-and-wife combo.
Doh! I'm sorry Anonymous Coward, I just moderated your comment 'redundant' by accident. (Hand slipped on the trackpad while slurping coffee.). . . its actually pretty damn funny. Not sure exactly why, but it really made me laugh.
We should get some of that democracy stuff here in the states, it sounds pretty good.
I think what happened in good ole USA, if my memory of a Noam Chomsky essay serves me correctly, is that 'certain interests' managed to make out that workers unions were *terrible*, terrible things.
So now while there may be parties claiming to represent left-side interests, all funding comes from the right.
Yeah, yeah, yeah, rich people have all of the money, politics run on money and as a result politicians look to the wealthy for money
Apparently there's this concept called left-wing and right-wing politics. Left wing politics are funded by unions representing the working and middle classes. Conversely right-wing politics tends to be funded by businesses representing the wealthy elite. In some countries they even have a healthy debate between these interests and its called democracy.
In psychology, cognitive dissonance is the mental stress or discomfort experienced by an individual who holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values at the same time, or is confronted by new information that conflicts with existing beliefs, ideas, or values
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C...
This is making me uncomfortable. Until now I thought cognitive dissonance was something entirely contradictory.
Heap all the criticism on the science that you want. Ethical or otherwise genetic manipulation WILL become a reality soon. The first nation to perfect and implement it will command a large advantage over the rest of the world.
Those without the "gift" won't be able to keep up much less compete. The only lesson to be learned here is this:
Playing by ethical rules will only put you at a disadvantage. Either get over the fear of the unknown, or fade away into obsolescence within a generation or two.
Why can't we have ethical rules *and* genetic manipulation? Of course there will never be 100% consensus, but the majority may decide that its ethically correct to correct a genetic defect in an unborn fetus, in order to improve quality of life.
So they look like a truck / 4WD, but really they're just pieces of junk that could never take a real workout?
I have a car-esqe (Toyota Innova) vehicle that's built on a truck (Toyota Hilux) platform. I only got the ladder-frame base because we have some seriously crappy roads around here and the old Honda Civic's suspension was starting to sound pretty wrecked at just over 3 years old. In retrospect that may be because the driver was flogging the hell out of it . ..
. . . we had this driver and the poor dude seemed to look really tired all of the time. I'd send him home for time with his family and pick up the extra school runs, etc myself, but it didn't seem to help. Later we found out he was running his own midnight taxi service, doing airport runs and things with our car while we slept! I had to let him go, but kinda admired the enterprising spirit. We do our own driving now.
Indeed. Moldy foods and the like (lactic acid bacteria, yeasts) have been used as preservatives by humans for millennia. Things like:
* Lactic acid bacteria for preserving winter stock of vegetables. (sauerkraut, kimchi, etc). This process actually results in food that is more nutritious than the raw vegetable. Not only does it preserve the vitamin C that would've been destroyed during cooking, but creates several antioxidants that are important for healthy. (We oxygen breathing humans are prone to rust). Different strains of the same bacterias are also used preserving dairy food into yogurt, and again the resultant stuff is considered to be more nutritious than the original raw product. In modern times we do start with pasteurized dairy, which has no vitamin C, but is safer, especially when high density farming is practiced.
* Yeasts : Bread, beer, etc.
* Mold : Delicious stinky blue cheeses.
Of course if you don't have a fridge and you eat random moldy food, as opposed to food that has undergone a culturing process then all bets are off. Chances are it will be relatively harmless, it might do some good. Then there's certain molds and bacterias (eg botulism) that produce lethal toxins.
Usually the "dumb street guy" doesn't have a job. Not always of course, but usually. And usually, they don't have jobs because they are not competent enough to keep them. Sometimes that is from mental diseases, or sometimes sloth or what-have-you. And it isn't always the case.
But it is usually the case.
Lastly, these street guy's *usually* ask for free money. It is rude to go up to a stranger and say "please give me money for free."
The guys in suits who frowned at you are so accustomed to this treatment from these people that they automatically assume you will do the same. They can't help but frown at you, because, in their everyday experience, interacting with people like you is unpleasant.
Homeless people frown at the men in suits because the men in suits won't give them free money.
Ah, but that was the point of the story. I found myself in the amusing and enlightening situation where in a short span of time I experienced two sides of the coin, and both were fraught with prejudice.
In the first case, folks seemed quick to draw conclusions about what they saw as someone asking for a free ride. In an ideal world it would've been fair to consider that I'd made plenty of contributions. Financially, I'd paid a good amount of tax in a few years (a few years worth, still young at the time). Meanwhile I was taking down-time for important life experience that would help future contribution, and doing useful community work with disadvantaged folks.
Down the track on the other side of the coin, folks saw a self-absorbed, materialistic, unappreciative up-start with no community spirit. The kind of person who'd put a penny in the pot for the poor (and I mean that in terms of nation building / human development) with their right hand, while taking a thousand more with the left.
In both cases it would've been more fair to judge the individual, and not the outward appearance
If you could reach you would too and you wouldn't get anything else done. This flexibility is why dogs never achieved the great advances of mankind like space flight and nuclear bombs. Imagine if men were that flexible...
I am that flexible, you insensitive clod! . . . . Now 'et 'o aye lor (gags) . . . I said GET OF MY LAWN!
Back in '99 I got tired of throwing together yet another web app on crazy schedules, and decided to go busking on the streets of San Francisco for a living. I was hanging out with a feller called Wil Jackson on the corner of Grant & Green. A lot of homeless folks there. I noticed a real sense of community between them - they tried to look out for each other.
It was great fun to wind down and just play tunes for a living. The only problem was, folks in suits would walk past frowning at me (dumb street guy, get a job) A few months later I was back in London, wearing a fine suit and working in the financial district. Fun, challenging work. The only problem was street folks would see me walking past in business attire and frown at me (materialistic suit guy. Get a soul).
Most people who can't afford Internet in the third world tend to have much more pressing issues like being unable to feed themselves.
I live in a developing country, roughly on par with India - middle income by global standards, at about 7K per family per year. Infrastructure well on its way to being developed, but still straining to cope, widespread poverty. You get the picture.
You might be surprised about how far the internet can penetrate. In the squatter areas families live on subsistence income and shanty housing - heavy crowding, dirt floor kitchen, ground-water wells (in close proximity to the pit latrine). Yet cellphone coverage is still good, and smartphone ownership is common. Although most days involve hand-to-mouth living, smartphone is a first choice luxury item when people come by a little extra money, especially with family breadwinners working abroad. These folks are all on pre-paid plans, with a typical up-front purchase being about 0.45 USD of credit for for or 5 days. From this, via SMS command messages, eg 'SURF PLUS NOW' its possible to allocate 0.11 worth of internet surfing, saving the rest for SMS messages, and a little talk-time. With many subscribers, this is good business for the telephone companies.
Another popular service offered by cell-phone companies is the ability to send micro-payments via text message. So in an unexpected emergency like an illness or injury, disbursed family members can text in money to cover costs - an informal family insurance system. As the middle-class base expands, perhaps we'll see more business models based on this kind of thing in future. (Bill Gates certainly thinks so).
NB, the term '3rd world' remains popular, but is somewhat antiquated. Technically it means:
* 1st world : Countries aligned with western democratic nations.
* 2nd world : Countries aligned with eastern communist nations.
* 3rd world : Non-aligned countries.
. . . though is popularly take to mean 'poor' & and 'under-developed'.
Well he sounded kinda crazy/Japanese to begin with, but according to Wikipedia adjusted well upon return to high density urban living in a technologically advanced country. And to new-found fame, publishing an autobiography "No surrender, my 30 year war".
He died last year at the age of 91, suggesting that genetics and not diet might be responsible for characteristic Japanese longevity and/or that 30 years of eating Jungle fodder is equally healthy.
http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01...
There was a Japanese soldier who stayed in the jungles of Lubang island, Philippines conducting guerrilla operations for 30 years. He saw a leaflet with a message from locals that the war had ended in 1945, but decided it was false. Further messages were dropped by plane some time later, but it was concluded that this was allied propaganda.
Some 30 years later they sent his captain into the mountains to personally instruct him that the war was over and finally he surrendered, returning home a hero.
So while he did have some interactions with people, they were all hostile.
From the operating systems that have survived out in the wild today (general, widespread use):
Kernels with a microkernel philosophy have made compromises towards monolithic to address performance bottlenecks
Kernels with a monolithic architecture introduce loadable modules to address maintainability/extensibility, which happens to be one of the advantages of the microkernel.
I see your point that this addresses short-coming, without moving towards a microkernel philosophy.
All they need now is a nonfat/soy cow so they can make latte.
I think a Llama would be much more suitable than a cow to bring to space.
* They're a ready-made scaled down camel. No doubt with selective breeding they could be scaled down further to space-friendly chihuahua size.
* Camel milk is a rich source of proteins and has potential antimicrobial activity to help protect against nasty space flu (you may mock now, but anti-gravity projectile vomiting is no joke). Its also lower in lactose, which is difficult for some folks, but higher in nutrients like potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, sodium and zinc.
* They're hardy in arid climates like heavily airconditioned space stations and early terraformed mars.
* If you Google up what a bowl of fresh camel milk looks like, you'll see that it comes in a spectacularly pre-frothed state, just perfect for lattes and cappuccinos [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/HALIB.jpg]
I, for one, welcome our new Chihuahua-sized Space Llama overlords.
Great, can we agree now that not much is something and not nothing?
In other news Thylacines and Jackals have nothing to do with each other, except they both look like canids and fill similar ecological niches. Apples and oranges . . .
I can't find the article now. It was years ago. Perhaps I misunderstood it. But I think it meant something like:
Microkernels allow non-fundamental features (such as drivers for hardware that is not connected or not in use) to be loaded and unloaded at will. This is mostly achievable on Linux, through modules.
So they're both further towards the monolithic side?
Loadable kernel modules have nothing to do with microkernels. A truly micro microkernel wouldn't need loadable kernel modules because all the loadable functionality would run in userland; plenty of monolithic kernels have loadable kernel modules.
I'm sure you're right, though they have something to do with micokernels. There was Linus interview from a few years back explaining his preference for the monolithic approach, and he explained that modules were introduced to give most of the benefits of the microkernel, without the drawbacks.
OS-X is not a microkernel - has never been. Even when NEXTSTEP was based on Mach 3.0, that too was not microkernel. Apple doesn't use any of the rules of microkernels - user space drivers, et al - in OS-X or iOS
As I understand it, NeXT / OSX started with a micro-kernel philosophy and then introduced some monolithic kernel concepts to address the performance bottleneck of messaging between true micro modules.
Meanwhile Linux starts as a monolithic kernel, but introduced (un)loadable modules to address maintainability and extendability.
So if we described it as a continuum with 'pure microkernel' being a '1' and pure monolithic kernel being a '10', then OSX would be something like a '3' and Linux would be a '7'.
Slashdot Mirror
Pakistan is a very radical Islamic country. Why did they seceed from India when India has millions of muslims?
And the USA used Pakistan, sending them billions in "aid" in their fight against Afghanistan (a proxy fight against Russia) during the Cold War. At the time Afghanistan was a progressive country promoting women's rights, equal opportunity and education ("Russian Propaganda"). Now it is in a worse state than Pakistan. 'Operation Cyclone' (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Cyclone) and others contributed to this. There ended up being a Tom Hanks movie about it. Google Images for Afghanistan shows some stark differences between the 1970s and today (its worth taking a look).
Pakistan is a very radical Islamic country. Why did they seceed from India when India has millions of muslims? Because it wasn't radical enough. Education is dangerous to the extremists with beards if women started thinking for themselves then how can they have Sharia law?
Why did they seceed? Whether or not it lead to a good outcome is another discussion, but for why it might've been more complex than simply "they weren't fundamentalist enough. There's a story here in the Philippines about the main Islamic Separatist Group here. They have the unfortunate (or not?) name of Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). Filipino Muslims are a minority and have faced historical persecution. It came to a head when and lead to the formation of a separatist group when the Philippines Government ran a covert operation to reclaim parts of neighboring Sabbah in Borneo which has strong cultural ties with the southern Philippines, despite the inconvenience of modern international borders.
Troops were trained to execute a stealth invasion, but when it was discovered they'd be fighting against their own people, they refused to participate. Consequently 60 troops were executed in secret. This lead to University of the Philippines professor Nur Misuari to form the separatist group. The current president of the Philippines was the first to acknowledge that such an incident occurred and The MILF are now considered a legitimate political organization and not a terrorist group. While there was no succession an autonomous region was granted. It has been a long road to faltering peace. It might've been a similar story with regards to Pakistan?
In the age of Weapons of Mass Destruction, most government backed wars are conducted covertly, hence the use of "terrorists", "moderate rebels", "freedom fighters", etc
Nicely said. Or as they say "perfect is the enemy of good". I thought it was Linus Torvalds that coined this phrase, but actually Google tells me it was probably Voltaire, a few hundred years before.
Why is an OS in 2015 allowing applications to make the whole UI unusable?
They don't, generally. They make a very solid effort for that not to happen.
Its conceivable that the kernel or watchdog is misbehaving, but more likely competition and increasing complexity has lead to:
Why don't they do a double-transplant? Just swap the heads?
Maybe a husband-and-wife combo.
Doh! I'm sorry Anonymous Coward, I just moderated your comment 'redundant' by accident. (Hand slipped on the trackpad while slurping coffee.). . . its actually pretty damn funny. Not sure exactly why, but it really made me laugh.
Edit: Seems I can revert that by replying as me.
We should get some of that democracy stuff here in the states, it sounds pretty good.
I think what happened in good ole USA, if my memory of a Noam Chomsky essay serves me correctly, is that 'certain interests' managed to make out that workers unions were *terrible*, terrible things.
So now while there may be parties claiming to represent left-side interests, all funding comes from the right.
Yeah, yeah, yeah, rich people have all of the money, politics run on money and as a result politicians look to the wealthy for money
Apparently there's this concept called left-wing and right-wing politics. Left wing politics are funded by unions representing the working and middle classes. Conversely right-wing politics tends to be funded by businesses representing the wealthy elite. In some countries they even have a healthy debate between these interests and its called democracy.
In psychology, cognitive dissonance is the mental stress or discomfort experienced by an individual who holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values at the same time, or is confronted by new information that conflicts with existing beliefs, ideas, or values http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C...
This is making me uncomfortable. Until now I thought cognitive dissonance was something entirely contradictory.
Heap all the criticism on the science that you want. Ethical or otherwise genetic manipulation WILL become a reality soon. The first nation to perfect and implement it will command a large advantage over the rest of the world.
Those without the "gift" won't be able to keep up much less compete. The only lesson to be learned here is this:
Playing by ethical rules will only put you at a disadvantage. Either get over the fear of the unknown, or fade away into obsolescence within a generation or two.
Why can't we have ethical rules *and* genetic manipulation? Of course there will never be 100% consensus, but the majority may decide that its ethically correct to correct a genetic defect in an unborn fetus, in order to improve quality of life.
So they look like a truck / 4WD, but really they're just pieces of junk that could never take a real workout?
I have a car-esqe (Toyota Innova) vehicle that's built on a truck (Toyota Hilux) platform. I only got the ladder-frame base because we have some seriously crappy roads around here and the old Honda Civic's suspension was starting to sound pretty wrecked at just over 3 years old. In retrospect that may be because the driver was flogging the hell out of it . . .
. . . we had this driver and the poor dude seemed to look really tired all of the time. I'd send him home for time with his family and pick up the extra school runs, etc myself, but it didn't seem to help. Later we found out he was running his own midnight taxi service, doing airport runs and things with our car while we slept! I had to let him go, but kinda admired the enterprising spirit. We do our own driving now.
Indeed. Moldy foods and the like (lactic acid bacteria, yeasts) have been used as preservatives by humans for millennia. Things like:
Of course if you don't have a fridge and you eat random moldy food, as opposed to food that has undergone a culturing process then all bets are off. Chances are it will be relatively harmless, it might do some good. Then there's certain molds and bacterias (eg botulism) that produce lethal toxins.
Usually the "dumb street guy" doesn't have a job. Not always of course, but usually. And usually, they don't have jobs because they are not competent enough to keep them. Sometimes that is from mental diseases, or sometimes sloth or what-have-you. And it isn't always the case.
But it is usually the case.
Lastly, these street guy's *usually* ask for free money. It is rude to go up to a stranger and say "please give me money for free."
The guys in suits who frowned at you are so accustomed to this treatment from these people that they automatically assume you will do the same. They can't help but frown at you, because, in their everyday experience, interacting with people like you is unpleasant.
Homeless people frown at the men in suits because the men in suits won't give them free money.
Ah, but that was the point of the story. I found myself in the amusing and enlightening situation where in a short span of time I experienced two sides of the coin, and both were fraught with prejudice.
In the first case, folks seemed quick to draw conclusions about what they saw as someone asking for a free ride. In an ideal world it would've been fair to consider that I'd made plenty of contributions. Financially, I'd paid a good amount of tax in a few years (a few years worth, still young at the time). Meanwhile I was taking down-time for important life experience that would help future contribution, and doing useful community work with disadvantaged folks.
Down the track on the other side of the coin, folks saw a self-absorbed, materialistic, unappreciative up-start with no community spirit. The kind of person who'd put a penny in the pot for the poor (and I mean that in terms of nation building / human development) with their right hand, while taking a thousand more with the left.
In both cases it would've been more fair to judge the individual, and not the outward appearance
If you could reach you would too and you wouldn't get anything else done. This flexibility is why dogs never achieved the great advances of mankind like space flight and nuclear bombs. Imagine if men were that flexible...
I am that flexible, you insensitive clod! . . . . Now 'et 'o aye lor (gags) . . . I said GET OF MY LAWN!
Back in '99 I got tired of throwing together yet another web app on crazy schedules, and decided to go busking on the streets of San Francisco for a living. I was hanging out with a feller called Wil Jackson on the corner of Grant & Green. A lot of homeless folks there. I noticed a real sense of community between them - they tried to look out for each other.
It was great fun to wind down and just play tunes for a living. The only problem was, folks in suits would walk past frowning at me (dumb street guy, get a job) A few months later I was back in London, wearing a fine suit and working in the financial district. Fun, challenging work. The only problem was street folks would see me walking past in business attire and frown at me (materialistic suit guy. Get a soul).
Most people who can't afford Internet in the third world tend to have much more pressing issues like being unable to feed themselves.
I live in a developing country, roughly on par with India - middle income by global standards, at about 7K per family per year. Infrastructure well on its way to being developed, but still straining to cope, widespread poverty. You get the picture.
You might be surprised about how far the internet can penetrate. In the squatter areas families live on subsistence income and shanty housing - heavy crowding, dirt floor kitchen, ground-water wells (in close proximity to the pit latrine). Yet cellphone coverage is still good, and smartphone ownership is common. Although most days involve hand-to-mouth living, smartphone is a first choice luxury item when people come by a little extra money, especially with family breadwinners working abroad. These folks are all on pre-paid plans, with a typical up-front purchase being about 0.45 USD of credit for for or 5 days. From this, via SMS command messages, eg 'SURF PLUS NOW' its possible to allocate 0.11 worth of internet surfing, saving the rest for SMS messages, and a little talk-time. With many subscribers, this is good business for the telephone companies.
Another popular service offered by cell-phone companies is the ability to send micro-payments via text message. So in an unexpected emergency like an illness or injury, disbursed family members can text in money to cover costs - an informal family insurance system. As the middle-class base expands, perhaps we'll see more business models based on this kind of thing in future. (Bill Gates certainly thinks so).
NB, the term '3rd world' remains popular, but is somewhat antiquated. Technically it means:
. . . though is popularly take to mean 'poor' & and 'under-developed'.
Ah, hang on: After his return to Japan, he moved to Brazil in 1975 and set up a cattle ranch. Yup, a loner.
Well he sounded kinda crazy/Japanese to begin with, but according to Wikipedia adjusted well upon return to high density urban living in a technologically advanced country. And to new-found fame, publishing an autobiography "No surrender, my 30 year war". He died last year at the age of 91, suggesting that genetics and not diet might be responsible for characteristic Japanese longevity and/or that 30 years of eating Jungle fodder is equally healthy. http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01...
There was a Japanese soldier who stayed in the jungles of Lubang island, Philippines conducting guerrilla operations for 30 years. He saw a leaflet with a message from locals that the war had ended in 1945, but decided it was false. Further messages were dropped by plane some time later, but it was concluded that this was allied propaganda. Some 30 years later they sent his captain into the mountains to personally instruct him that the war was over and finally he surrendered, returning home a hero. So while he did have some interactions with people, they were all hostile.
Alpacas are smaller than llamas. Maybe we should be starting there?
Oops, I got the two mixed up.
Crazy random idea:
Avoids having to bootstrap from embryo.
I know who you are, Jeff Minter.
(Googles Jeff Minter) : The founder of Llamasoft . . heh.
From the operating systems that have survived out in the wild today (general, widespread use):
I see your point that this addresses short-coming, without moving towards a microkernel philosophy.
All they need now is a nonfat/soy cow so they can make latte.
I think a Llama would be much more suitable than a cow to bring to space.
I, for one, welcome our new Chihuahua-sized Space Llama overlords.
though they have something to do with micokernels
Which isn't that much.
Great, can we agree now that not much is something and not nothing?
In other news Thylacines and Jackals have nothing to do with each other, except they both look like canids and fill similar ecological niches. Apples and oranges . . .
I can't find the article now. It was years ago. Perhaps I misunderstood it. But I think it meant something like:
Loadable kernel modules have nothing to do with microkernels. A truly micro microkernel wouldn't need loadable kernel modules because all the loadable functionality would run in userland; plenty of monolithic kernels have loadable kernel modules.
I'm sure you're right, though they have something to do with micokernels. There was Linus interview from a few years back explaining his preference for the monolithic approach, and he explained that modules were introduced to give most of the benefits of the microkernel, without the drawbacks.
OS-X is not a microkernel - has never been. Even when NEXTSTEP was based on Mach 3.0, that too was not microkernel. Apple doesn't use any of the rules of microkernels - user space drivers, et al - in OS-X or iOS
As I understand it, NeXT / OSX started with a micro-kernel philosophy and then introduced some monolithic kernel concepts to address the performance bottleneck of messaging between true micro modules.
Meanwhile Linux starts as a monolithic kernel, but introduced (un)loadable modules to address maintainability and extendability.
So if we described it as a continuum with 'pure microkernel' being a '1' and pure monolithic kernel being a '10', then OSX would be something like a '3' and Linux would be a '7'.