I have attempted to roughly calculate costs of each side's effort in order to determine whether the U.S. campaign was "efficient." The cost of merchant ships and warships lost to U.S. submarine attack were calculated using actual Japanese prices and added to the cost of all Japanese ASW frigates and corvettes (but not fleet destroyers or ASW aircraft).(48) Using U.S. Navy figures I calculated the cost of the entire fleet of 288 U.S. submarines that served or were built during the war (regardless of whether they served in the Pacific). The result is impressive although not surprising: the Japanese spent at least 42 times more on anti-submarine warfare and in losses attributed to submarines than the U.S. spent on her Submarine Force. When one considers the fact that the Japanese economy was only 8.9% of the size of the U.S. economy in 1937, the submarine campaign was clearly both an extraordinarily cost efficient and effective means to employ U.S. forces against Japan.(49) Regardless of the cost effectiveness of the U.S. submarine campaign, the military effects were stunningly clear. Fully a year before the end of the war, and before the extensive bombing of mainland Japan, the war against Japanese lines of communication resulted in decisive impact on the Japanese war economy and on the Japanese military logistical system. "
The U-Boat crews did a terrific job with what little they had, but they could stalk convoys from port-to-port and use Wolfpack tactics to concentrate force.
Some U-boats had superb commanders with, well huge cojones:
""Bauxite imports fell off 88% just between the summer and fall of 1944. In 1945, pig iron imports plunged 89%, pulp 90%, raw cotton and wool 91%, fats and oils 92%, iron ore 95%, soda and cement 96%, lumber 98%, fodder 99%, and not one ounce of sugar or raw rubber reached Japan."(12)
Moreover, the reduction in imports of raw materials mirrored problems importing food. During 1944, average caloric intake fell 12% below the minimum daily requirement for the non-farming population.(13) The enormous drop in importation of raw materials resulted in a significant drop in Japanese industrial production. In fact, the Japanese mobilization committee stated in a late 1944 report: "Shipping lost or damaged since the beginning of the war amounts to two and one half times newly constructed shipping and formed the chief cause of the constant impoverishment of national strength."(14)
Submarine attacks on the oil flow to Japan were a second critical factor in destroying Japanese military potential. Japanese oil imports fell from 1.75 million barrels per month in August 1943 to 360,000 barrels per month in July 1944. In October 1944, imports fell even more due to high losses around the Philippine battlefields.(15) After September 1943, the ratio of petroleum successfully shipped from the southern regions that reached Japan never exceeded 28%, and during the last 15 months of the war the ratio only averaged 9%.(16) These losses are especially impressive when one considers that the Japanese Navy alone required 1.6 million barrels monthly to operate.(17) Much anecdotal evidence describes Japan's often desperate responses to the American guerre de course. For example, in early 1945, the Japanese Navy loaded crude oil barrels on battleships to import home, while at the same time the nation experimented with producing gasoline from potatoes.(18)"
"The war against Japanese SLOCs resulted in significant indirect effects on Japanese air strength. In fact, the reduction in Japan's air power strength was not so much due to the reduction of aircraft quality or production but due to the reduction in pilot quality. Fuel shortages substantially reduced pilot training.(25) In 1944, the great Japanese naval aviator Fuchida complained about the "inadequate training" aviators received prior to attachment to an operational unit.(26) Moreover, once Japanese pilots reached operational units, their training opportunities often did not improve. For example, prior to the Battle of the Philippine Sea, Admiral Toyoda stationed his carriers at Tawitawi near the Borneo oil supplies due to the effective submarine campaign against Japanese tankers. U.S. commanders vectored submarines into the area. Alerted to the danger, the Japanese commander refused to sortie for training- with the result that what little skills his undertrained pilots possessed atrophied.(27) The resulting Japanese aerial defeat became known as the Marinas Turkey Shoot."
"As previously discussed, 30% of total Japanese Navy losses were caused by U.S. submarines. Submarines played another important role in reducing IJN capabilities. Damage to ships, caused in part by submarines, significantly increased ship repair time in Japanese shipyards, thereby reducing opportunities for new construction. The Japanese Navy spent 12% of its construction budget on ship repairs in 1943 and 1944; the figure increased to 34% in 1945.(29) Additionally, the submarine cam
"Besides, the holiday has become nothing more than a day to fill young minds with propaganda about how EVERYONE is a hero no matter what, just for BEING IN the military."
As a vet, I agree with that statement!
While it's nicer than being vilified, the truth is more complex.
Having entered service BEFORE the Bullshit Pump was turned on in it's most recent incarnation, I remember when being a "good Soldier/Sailor/Marine/Airman" was a compliment and there was no perceived need to call everyone a "hero".
If everyone is a "hero", the term loses all meaning. There are heroes, there are shitbags, and there are the great majority of Soldiers/Sailors/Marines/Airmen who get shit done pretty well.
If the system is rigged, then looking like those it is rigged for makes sense.
One company I knew of was considering working as a sub for a black fellow so he could land contracts. Kinda neat, and an example of very friendly interracial cooperation. Didn't bear fruit for other reasons.
The terrorists and governments BOTH win when psych cases make posts like yours.
The only way to avoid government mind control is to free your mind by suicide. Please do so now, for your own good. Your mental difficulties will only get worse and there is no such thing as effective psychiatric treatment, which would be under government oversight anyway.
"There is already strong evidence indicating that circa 1970's/80's US pollution played a key part - if not the cause of - the 1980's Ethiopian Famine."
Mission-capable rate are THE key military aircraft readiness indicator, which is why the US Air Force tracks every fighter in detail and reviews maintenance and other status DAILY.
Aircraft exist to produce effective sorties.
That said, the Iranians could probably do a decent job if they CHOOSE quality.
The USMC versions aren't all "old". They retain them because, for one thing, you can fit more on a ship.
A lot of USMC choices were driven by funding, but they also know "what works". Once you have a basic helicopter, you can upgrade it by adding sensor suites and avionics.
Aircraft have been HIGHLY REFINED platforms for a very long time. That's why C-130s and B-52s fly active missions every day.
Americans are very RELIGIOUS, and "critical thinking" is sin.
"Fruit of knowledge" and all that.
Superstition is what keeps humans backward. It plays to their most degenerate desires for controlling others on a mental level. It is based on falsehood, and should be constantly scorned and ridiculed in order to reduce the number of new converts.
If any adherents can PROVE their imaginary friend is real, I'll recant and suck his/her/it's Noodly Appendage, but until then fuck off.
"We managed to transition because of labor unions and public outrage... but we also have a system of elections (so public outrage can effect who gets elected) and, while there were abuses, we have pretty strict rules about retaliation against dissidents."
Getting there required VIOLENT protest. Read US labor history. There was plenty of "retaliation" including murder of strikers by Pinkerton thugs.
What the US does have is the Second Amendment, and gunfire met gunfire more than once.
Don't EVER forget that the final check against bad men is killing enough of them to dissuade the rest. Free men must have the will to kill those who would take their freedom, the understanding that killing those who would take their freedom is a naturally just act, and the courage to do so when other means have been exhausted.
"Oh bullcrap. The west built it's industry through the industrial revolution - machines increasing productivity."
Google labor and workplace safety history.
The Industrial Revolution was LABOR-INTENSIVE, and the casualty rate was enormous by modern standards. Railway shop accidents, boiler explosions, flywheel explosions, fires, etc killed and maimed and poisoned (literally) hundreds of thousands of workers because manual labor was used to operate so many dangerous machines.
Slashdot Mirror
The impact(s) of sinking and damaging Japanese shipping were enormous!
http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/history/pac-campaign.html
"Disproportionate Costs Imposed on Japanese
I have attempted to roughly calculate costs of each side's effort in order to determine whether the U.S. campaign was "efficient." The cost of merchant ships and warships lost to U.S. submarine attack were calculated using actual Japanese prices and added to the cost of all Japanese ASW frigates and corvettes (but not fleet destroyers or ASW aircraft).(48) Using U.S. Navy figures I calculated the cost of the entire fleet of 288 U.S. submarines that served or were built during the war (regardless of whether they served in the Pacific). The result is impressive although not surprising: the Japanese spent at least 42 times more on anti-submarine warfare and in losses attributed to submarines than the U.S. spent on her Submarine Force. When one considers the fact that the Japanese economy was only 8.9% of the size of the U.S. economy in 1937, the submarine campaign was clearly both an extraordinarily cost efficient and effective means to employ U.S. forces against Japan.(49) Regardless of the cost effectiveness of the U.S. submarine campaign, the military effects were stunningly clear. Fully a year before the end of the war, and before the extensive bombing of mainland Japan, the war against Japanese lines of communication resulted in decisive impact on the Japanese war economy and on the Japanese military logistical system. "
Wars tend to be fought initially from stocks on hand, and there are no more "old fashioned wars" nor an old fashioned economy.
No shit. One torpedo can destroy more equipment by sinking a ship than would be lost in a large land battle.
Coastal patrol is defensive, and marine interdiction/border control best done by surface vessels.
There being no reason besides amusement not to use ROVs for underwater research, I see no great benefit in propagating advanced manned sub tech.
That's only one class of US subs.
The U-Boat crews did a terrific job with what little they had, but they could stalk convoys from port-to-port and use Wolfpack tactics to concentrate force.
Some U-boats had superb commanders with, well huge cojones:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Prien
On the other hand, the collective US submarine effort was much MORE effective than the U-boats.
http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/history/pac-campaign.html
""Bauxite imports fell off 88% just between the summer and fall of 1944. In 1945, pig iron imports plunged 89%, pulp 90%, raw cotton and wool 91%, fats and oils 92%, iron ore 95%, soda and cement 96%, lumber 98%, fodder 99%, and not one ounce of sugar or raw rubber reached Japan."(12)
Moreover, the reduction in imports of raw materials mirrored problems importing food. During 1944, average caloric intake fell 12% below the minimum daily requirement for the non-farming population.(13) The enormous drop in importation of raw materials resulted in a significant drop in Japanese industrial production. In fact, the Japanese mobilization committee stated in a late 1944 report: "Shipping lost or damaged since the beginning of the war amounts to two and one half times newly constructed shipping and formed the chief cause of the constant impoverishment of national strength."(14)
Submarine attacks on the oil flow to Japan were a second critical factor in destroying Japanese military potential. Japanese oil imports fell from 1.75 million barrels per month in August 1943 to 360,000 barrels per month in July 1944. In October 1944, imports fell even more due to high losses around the Philippine battlefields.(15) After September 1943, the ratio of petroleum successfully shipped from the southern regions that reached Japan never exceeded 28%, and during the last 15 months of the war the ratio only averaged 9%.(16) These losses are especially impressive when one considers that the Japanese Navy alone required 1.6 million barrels monthly to operate.(17) Much anecdotal evidence describes Japan's often desperate responses to the American guerre de course. For example, in early 1945, the Japanese Navy loaded crude oil barrels on battleships to import home, while at the same time the nation experimented with producing gasoline from potatoes.(18)"
"The war against Japanese SLOCs resulted in significant indirect effects on Japanese air strength. In fact, the reduction in Japan's air power strength was not so much due to the reduction of aircraft quality or production but due to the reduction in pilot quality. Fuel shortages substantially reduced pilot training.(25) In 1944, the great Japanese naval aviator Fuchida complained about the "inadequate training" aviators received prior to attachment to an operational unit.(26) Moreover, once Japanese pilots reached operational units, their training opportunities often did not improve. For example, prior to the Battle of the Philippine Sea, Admiral Toyoda stationed his carriers at Tawitawi near the Borneo oil supplies due to the effective submarine campaign against Japanese tankers. U.S. commanders vectored submarines into the area. Alerted to the danger, the Japanese commander refused to sortie for training- with the result that what little skills his undertrained pilots possessed atrophied.(27) The resulting Japanese aerial defeat became known as the Marinas Turkey Shoot."
"As previously discussed, 30% of total Japanese Navy losses were caused by U.S. submarines. Submarines played another important role in reducing IJN capabilities. Damage to ships, caused in part by submarines, significantly increased ship repair time in Japanese shipyards, thereby reducing opportunities for new construction. The Japanese Navy spent 12% of its construction budget on ship repairs in 1943 and 1944; the figure increased to 34% in 1945.(29) Additionally, the submarine cam
"Besides, the holiday has become nothing more than a day to fill young minds with propaganda about how EVERYONE is a hero no matter what, just for BEING IN the military."
As a vet, I agree with that statement!
While it's nicer than being vilified, the truth is more complex.
Having entered service BEFORE the Bullshit Pump was turned on in it's most recent incarnation, I remember when being a "good Soldier/Sailor/Marine/Airman" was a compliment and there was no perceived need to call everyone a "hero".
If everyone is a "hero", the term loses all meaning. There are heroes, there are shitbags, and there are the great majority of Soldiers/Sailors/Marines/Airmen who get shit done pretty well.
If the system is rigged, then looking like those it is rigged for makes sense.
One company I knew of was considering working as a sub for a black fellow so he could land contracts. Kinda neat, and an example of very friendly interracial cooperation. Didn't bear fruit for other reasons.
It's something you do despite the environment, not because of it. One puts up with the humans to enjoy the tech.
I can't blame women for not wanting to hang out with a bunch of socially-defective neckbeards while working for PHBs.
"So I'm sorry, but I decline to offer my proofs."
Then you have no evidence you dare produce for debate.
Windows machines in the hands of non-power users routinely fall victim to malware, so in that context you are right.
The terrorists and governments BOTH win when psych cases make posts like yours.
The only way to avoid government mind control is to free your mind by suicide. Please do so now, for your own good. Your mental difficulties will only get worse and there is no such thing as effective psychiatric treatment, which would be under government oversight anyway.
"There is already strong evidence indicating that circa 1970's/80's US pollution played a key part - if not the cause of - the 1980's Ethiopian Famine."
It's nice to post citations.
"Ok, how well do they work?"
Mission-capable rate are THE key military aircraft readiness indicator, which is why the US Air Force tracks every fighter in detail and reviews maintenance and other status DAILY.
Aircraft exist to produce effective sorties.
That said, the Iranians could probably do a decent job if they CHOOSE quality.
The USMC versions aren't all "old". They retain them because, for one thing, you can fit more on a ship.
A lot of USMC choices were driven by funding, but they also know "what works". Once you have a basic helicopter, you can upgrade it by adding sensor suites and avionics.
Aircraft have been HIGHLY REFINED platforms for a very long time. That's why C-130s and B-52s fly active missions every day.
Americans are very RELIGIOUS, and "critical thinking" is sin.
"Fruit of knowledge" and all that.
Superstition is what keeps humans backward. It plays to their most degenerate desires for controlling others on a mental level. It is based on falsehood, and should be constantly scorned and ridiculed in order to reduce the number of new converts.
If any adherents can PROVE their imaginary friend is real, I'll recant and suck his/her/it's Noodly Appendage, but until then fuck off.
Decades later....doh....
They are great helicopters, and their size and simplicity are reasons the US Marine Corps still use both UH-1 and AH-1 variants.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_AH-1_Cobra
SuperCobra are up to a Z variant.
Check the Thinkpad forums and Notebook Review to find out if there are any models with problems.
I like my T61 (with 8GB RAM and 500GB hard disk added later) but I checked before buying and got the Intel graphics chip to avoid video problems.
More precisely, pick a MODEL which people who support FLEETS of business machines consider high quality.
I'm sure someone current on that can chime in.
Dancing is very hetero, and a great way to get laid.
If you have no confidence, then avoid it but don't talk smack.
"Pick up a hobby that blends well with a social component. Homebrewing beer, for example."
Or meth cook. You'll have LOTS of new friends.
"The guys who are bastards to women actually seem to have the best luck them. "
So EXPERIMENT and be a bastard. If it doesn't get you what you want, be something different.
"We managed to transition because of labor unions and public outrage... but we also have a system of elections (so public outrage can effect who gets elected) and, while there were abuses, we have pretty strict rules about retaliation against dissidents."
Getting there required VIOLENT protest. Read US labor history. There was plenty of "retaliation" including murder of strikers by Pinkerton thugs.
What the US does have is the Second Amendment, and gunfire met gunfire more than once.
Don't EVER forget that the final check against bad men is killing enough of them to dissuade the rest. Free men must have the will to kill those who would take their freedom, the understanding that killing those who would take their freedom is a naturally just act, and the courage to do so when other means have been exhausted.
"Oh bullcrap. The west built it's industry through the industrial revolution - machines increasing productivity."
Google labor and workplace safety history.
The Industrial Revolution was LABOR-INTENSIVE, and the casualty rate was enormous by modern standards. Railway shop accidents, boiler explosions, flywheel explosions, fires, etc killed and maimed and poisoned (literally) hundreds of thousands of workers because manual labor was used to operate so many dangerous machines.
"Unfortunately for girls, getting older doesn't necessarily mean becoming more emotionally mature."
And then, there's menopause....
"go out in public and get my wallet drained by a woman who has only contempt for me."
That's completely offensive to real women!
You can stay at home and have your wallet drained by a woman who has only contempt for you.