Hello, didn't you get that memo? We can't work on any other projects until cancer is cured!
Now get off slashdot and stop wasting your life and start turning on Folding @ Home; it's the only distributed computing project worth participating in! If you don't do those things, YOU WILL DIE OF CANCER! AHAHAHAAHAHAH!
Heh, sometimes I subscribe to these things and then realize that I didn't want them. Instead of figuring out how to unsubscribe, I just report them to spamcop instead. Much easier.
The only catch is that... anything done in the 4th Circuit only applies to the 4th circuit.
In other words, if you sue someone in the 5th Circuit, based on some State SPAM law & the defendant doesn't bring up the same objection... you get to win.
What happens if the suit is filed in a Circuit City? *groan*
> Telling me not to use Novell's products if I don't like them ignores the fact that I'm one of the guys who wrote "their" products. I doubt you can install that system without using my software. And thus I'm one of the people who just got screwed because Novell and Microsoft colluded to engineer a way for Novell to welsh on the agreement that comes with my software.
That's the thing about writing Free software -- people are Free to do things you don't like with it. Suck it up and realize that 99.9% of the people that use your software appreciate the work you do (and aren't using your software to screw other people):)
> Wow... what a troll! Nothing of what you say seems to make much sense.
Not to someone who's an idiot, true.
> I don't know of any difference between cp/mv etc on my OSX boxes and my linux boxes, so not an issue.
There is a difference. If you don't know, then I guess you don't care. My argument that your computer is just a toy to you holds.
> Not a big deal, why do I need bleeding edge emacs for christsake?
You must not need a recent emacs, because your computer is a toy. (Or you use vi, that's fine.)
> As far as GDB segfaulting when you debug something apple doesn't want you to... so what? Why are you trying to debug the OSX kernel anyhow.
It's my computer, why shouldn't I? I want to know how my computer works. I want to know that it's not spying on me.
> You act like the linux kernel is so great and wonderful. Except of course no one wants to make real drivers for an OS that requires supporting a billion versions of their ABI, and oh... we're going to change the ABI every few months to make things "better".
Apple changes the ABI on every release.
> I think the every year or two changes are much more sane.
Whatever; write your own OS if you feel so strongly.
> As far as broadcom wireless drivers... Seriously, don't try to compare wireless on OSX and linux. First, most every OSX box made in the past 4 years already has built in wireless, so why do you need a broadcom one?
Broadcom is manufacturer of the chipset in Apple's Airport cards (built-in).
> Second... have you ever tried getting wireless working in linux? It's a disaster.
True, because most hardware that vendors shit out is a disaster. Buy supported hardware and it works fine. Windows apps don't run on your Mac, but I'll be you don't consider that a problem. Same thing here. Unsupported hardware is unsupported. Duh.
> Oh wait, if you use a wrapper around the windows drivers they work.
So wait, it works fine, you're saying?
> As for the driver giving the kernel a security hole, let me tell you about this awesome kernel driver I wrote for linux, want the module?
That's why your "awesome kernel driver" isn't bundled by default with new hardware purchased from Apple.
> iTunes is also a wonderful music application. Quite frankly it just works. Plays mp3s out of the box, plays m4a out of the box etc. It doesn't support oggs, but than again aside from a handful of linux geeks most people go oggs.... what are those?
Doesn't play FLAC, which is what I keep most of my music collection in. Lossless, and Free (so I can freely convert to a better format when one comes out). You can install a quicktime plugin to get ogg support, though. I just don't like the interface -- amaroK has a lot more options (and a lot more eye candy), and I happen to like that. Minimalism is for people with minimal intelligence;)
> I've never had a problem with itunes screwing up my ipod.
Lucky. Google for it, I'm not the only one complaining about this.
> Linux's big problem is it's openness. Because it can be easily changed, there are a million variants of it, and all the core interfaces (the kernel, X11, gtk,qt, gnome, kde, various other libs) change constantly.
X11 has been the same for 20 years. But change is good -- why stick with a broken API when you can improve it? If the software is open, it will take very little time to port to a new version.
> This works fine for a linux distribution, where everything is available as source, but for real applications, developers don't want to spend the time and money supporting their application on a million different variants. Additionally that requires backporting their changes too. It's just a real mess to work with.
Yeah, Red Hat and Novell can't seem to manage. Good thing they're out of business now. (Same with Wolfram + Mathematica, Sun + Java, Map
> just got sick of the constant bullshitting around to configure anything and the constant sub-par user interfaces. The people using Linux always downtalk and downplay OS's like OS X, but have nothing better to show for it, even after developing Linux for over 13 years now.
Hmm, I got sick of bullshitting around to configure anything in OS X. Want a recent emacs? Compile it from CVS yourself. Want a sane user interface on cp/mv/etc.? Download GNU coreutils/textutils/findutils from fink/portage/ports/ftp.gnu.org and compile it yourself! Want a perl with ithreads (the default)? Rip out Apple's and compile it yourself! Want an OS that doesn't automatically kill GDB with SIGSEGV when you try to debug something Apple doesn't want you to? Compile it yourself! Oh wait, you can't, because the critical bits of the OS X kernel are closed source. ("We're Open -- open for business.") Want a broadcom wireless driver that doesn't have a multitude of remote root holes? Write it yourself! OS X is secure because we think it is!
The list goes on and on. I'm sick of the same useless music player with a new theme every month. I'm sick of "Finder", the most inconvenient file manager to date (I like spring loaded folders, but Konqueror has that now;). I'm sick of Apple's shitty interpretation of a terminal emulator. I'm sick iTunes auto-launching and auto-deleting my iPod's music collection because it's not "authorized" on that computer. I'm sick of "critical security updates" hosing my production servers. I'm sick of Apple's broken interpretation of init/netinfo and postfix/Apache/etc. Hell, even UNIX Services for Windows is a more sane UNIX...
OS X is good for people that use their computers as toys. For everyone else, there are other OSes that are more suitable.
True, a lot of OSS projects copy non-Free projects. I don't see the problem -- they take a good idea, and make it Free for other people to improve upon. That, to me, is a good thing.
Also, don't Apple and MS rip each other off all the time? Isn't Darwin a "clone" of FreeBSD? Isn't Safari a (pretty-looking) "clone" of Konqueror? Isn't TextMate a "clone" of emacs? It goes both ways.
> Please note that it is not an open-and-shut case here that what Gaia was doing was illegal, only detrimental to Google.
Whoa, are you sure about that? What law was the Gaia project violating?
Sure, Google is violating their agreement by letting anyone download the map data, but whose fault is that? If something confidential is posted on a company website, should KDE be sued because I used Konqueror to download it?
Fuck no. Google needs to secure their map data so unauthorized clients can't get it.
All those pirated copies of SuSE Linux and RHEL are putting Novell and Red Hat out of business! I hear this http://www.kernel.org/ site lets you DOWNLOAD LINUX FOR FREE! This must be stopped; think of all the people that won't have income or even jobs if this continues! IP FOR EVAR MAN!
</sarcasm> <!-- sad that I have to have this here -->
This is pretty insane, and is not the proper solution. The proper solution is to stop using e-mail. A more workable solution is to setup something like OpenBSD's spamd white/black/greylist program. I use it on my mail server, and it kills about 99% of the spam that is being sent to me. Spamassassin does a pretty good job on the other 1%, and I see about 6-10 spams a week. Not perfect, but it doesn't cost me much in terms of resources, and it keeps e-mail useful for me.
And I don't even have to pay anyone to murder the spammers!
You sound quite ignorant here. There are free (3d-accelerated) drivers for ATI cards called "ati". They work fine on PPC, and are fast enough to allow you to play ppracer (and friends).
If 2d isn't working acceptably, then you simply misconfigured the X Server. This might have been a problem 20 or so years ago, but nowadays it's fine.
I recently switched my old Powerbook G4 from OS X 10.4 to Kubuntu/Dapper Drake, and I find it much more responsive and easier to use. All the nicities of the Powerbook still work fine (notably power management, suspend/resume is nice'n'fast just like in OS X), but you the good OSS apps run much better. (KOffice / KMail/ amaroK / etc. Sorry, Apple's cheap imitations just don't cut it for me.)
The difference between the GPL and an EULA is that the GPL gives you extra rights on top of what you have by default, whereas an EULA takes them away. If the GPL's considered invalid, that means that nobody's allowed to copy the GPL'd work. However, it's up to the person who owns the copyright to sue whomever is still copying the work. Since he GPL'd the software to begin with, he's probably not going to sue people who are distributing the software under the terms of the GPL. So even if the GPL's not "valid", it can still be valid in practice. Obviously the typical EULA is different, since no copying at all is allowed.
Taking away rights and giving away extra rights are two different issues completely. Please don't be confused by the common word "license".
"EXEC dbo.stored_procedure 'Oops'; DROP DATABASE foo; --'"
> 2) escape your escape characters. i.e. in most statments a "'" is stored as "\'" so escape the \ so its stored as "\\'", it will invalidate the SQL statment because SQL will read it as "\'" instead of just "'"
Not sure what you're talking about, but a literal apostrophe is quoted by doubling it in SQL. ' -> ''. However, don't quote -- you'll get it wrong. Use a proper mechanism instead, like prepared statements.
> 2.5) an alternate to escaping characters is to just strip characters unnecessary to be passed with your stored procedure. i.e. strip all quotes, strip all double quotes, strip all equals signs, bash signs, etc.
That's a great idea, until you need to store unicode or have a customer named "O'Reilly".
> 3) Do not send SQL parameters to your page in GET statements!!!!!! Either use session variables or POST statements, session variables are best.
Right, there's no way anyone can see hidden form fields! They're magical! (Also, session variables aren't "best". If you find the need to store SQL in a variable, your program is terribly designed and you need to rethink it. In this day and age of stored procedures and ORMs, you probably shouldn't have ANY SQL in your code.)
4) You should be secure, but if your not comfortable doing that, then provide additional validation.
Always validate -- it saves work later. If a user types 2-1234 as his phone number, and you store that, you won't be able to call him later, completely defeating the purpose of asking him for the data.
If you're not sure that you can remember to validate everything, use a language that taints incoming data and kills the program when you use it. In perl, turning on taint mode will prevent the common pattern of:
my $value = CGI->param('foo'); $dbh->do("SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = $value");
and even:
$sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = ?'); $sth->execute($value);
Since you didn't validate $value, you can't use it (correctly or incorrectly).
> Granted, the little prick was being an idiot and trying to stand up for some bizarre imagined right to be be anonymous when questioned by a police officer.
Yes, it's very brave and mature to not stand up for you rights, because who needs rights anyway? We're all here to watch TV and Buy From The Corporations, right?
Already done. However, Intel is pressuring key kernel players to use their "official" driver rather than the reverse engineered one. In addition, the reverse engineered driver lacks a few irrelevant features, so the bickering over those issues will keep it out of the kernel tree forever.
Fine with me, though. I use hardware that is usable with blob-free drivers. I am just concerned about other users that don't know what they're getting themselves in to.
You must work at Intel, home of the ipw3945 "free" driver that does nothing but communicate with a proprietary blob daemon that runs as root. Of course, since the kernel part is free, it's OK, right?
Intel and Microsoft can keep their IP -- it's useless junk.
> And how do you protect Warden from it itself being hacked? You design it kind of like a root kit--that is the user shouldn't be able to alter or disable Warden & they lose the domain over that tiny bit of functionality of their hard drive.
That's trivial to get around. Run it under VMWare or qemu. Now the control of the user's machine is back in the hands of the user. When will people understand that you can't control software that's not entirely in your own hands?
Anyway, the solution to this problem of being banned is trivial. Chargeback. As soon as they start losing money and their credit card processor starts asking questions, they'll start addressing their customer's complaints. If chargebacks don't work, take Blizzard to small claims court. Even if you lose, they'll still waste time and money sending their lawyers to defend themselves. Eventually they'll get the idea.
Summary: You own your computer, not Blizzard. Money talks, letters don't.
Take a look to what happened to this guy for disclosing information via a memo to the CEO. Basically, his company runied his life, all because he pointed out (privately) one thing they did illegally. My advice to the consultant is to quit now, and get a lawyer. If they get a lawyer first, you're screwed:
Hello, didn't you get that memo? We can't work on any other projects until cancer is cured!
Now get off slashdot and stop wasting your life and start turning on Folding @ Home; it's the only distributed computing project worth participating in! If you don't do those things, YOU WILL DIE OF CANCER! AHAHAHAAHAHAH!
</sarcasm>
Heh, sometimes I subscribe to these things and then realize that I didn't want them. Instead of figuring out how to unsubscribe, I just report them to spamcop instead. Much easier.
What happens if the suit is filed in a Circuit City? *groan*
> Telling me not to use Novell's products if I don't like them ignores the fact that I'm one of the guys who wrote "their" products. I doubt you can install that system without using my software. And thus I'm one of the people who just got screwed because Novell and Microsoft colluded to engineer a way for Novell to welsh on the agreement that comes with my software.
:)
That's the thing about writing Free software -- people are Free to do things you don't like with it. Suck it up and realize that 99.9% of the people that use your software appreciate the work you do (and aren't using your software to screw other people)
I'll bite.
... we're going to change the ABI every few months to make things "better".
;)
> Wow... what a troll! Nothing of what you say seems to make much sense.
Not to someone who's an idiot, true.
> I don't know of any difference between cp/mv etc on my OSX boxes and my linux boxes, so not an issue.
There is a difference. If you don't know, then I guess you don't care. My argument that your computer is just a toy to you holds.
> Not a big deal, why do I need bleeding edge emacs for christsake?
You must not need a recent emacs, because your computer is a toy. (Or you use vi, that's fine.)
> As far as GDB segfaulting when you debug something apple doesn't want you to... so what? Why are you trying to debug the OSX kernel anyhow.
It's my computer, why shouldn't I? I want to know how my computer works. I want to know that it's not spying on me.
> You act like the linux kernel is so great and wonderful. Except of course no one wants to make real drivers for an OS that requires supporting a billion versions of their ABI, and oh
Apple changes the ABI on every release.
> I think the every year or two changes are much more sane.
Whatever; write your own OS if you feel so strongly.
> As far as broadcom wireless drivers... Seriously, don't try to compare wireless on OSX and linux. First, most every OSX box made in the past 4 years already has built in wireless, so why do you need a broadcom one?
Broadcom is manufacturer of the chipset in Apple's Airport cards (built-in).
> Second... have you ever tried getting wireless working in linux? It's a disaster.
True, because most hardware that vendors shit out is a disaster. Buy supported hardware and it works fine. Windows apps don't run on your Mac, but I'll be you don't consider that a problem. Same thing here. Unsupported hardware is unsupported. Duh.
> Oh wait, if you use a wrapper around the windows drivers they work.
So wait, it works fine, you're saying?
> As for the driver giving the kernel a security hole, let me tell you about this awesome kernel driver I wrote for linux, want the module?
That's why your "awesome kernel driver" isn't bundled by default with new hardware purchased from Apple.
> iTunes is also a wonderful music application. Quite frankly it just works. Plays mp3s out of the box, plays m4a out of the box etc. It doesn't support oggs, but than again aside from a handful of linux geeks most people go oggs.... what are those?
Doesn't play FLAC, which is what I keep most of my music collection in. Lossless, and Free (so I can freely convert to a better format when one comes out). You can install a quicktime plugin to get ogg support, though. I just don't like the interface -- amaroK has a lot more options (and a lot more eye candy), and I happen to like that. Minimalism is for people with minimal intelligence
> I've never had a problem with itunes screwing up my ipod.
Lucky. Google for it, I'm not the only one complaining about this.
> Linux's big problem is it's openness. Because it can be easily changed, there are a million variants of it, and all the core interfaces (the kernel, X11, gtk,qt, gnome, kde, various other libs) change constantly.
X11 has been the same for 20 years. But change is good -- why stick with a broken API when you can improve it? If the software is open, it will take very little time to port to a new version.
> This works fine for a linux distribution, where everything is available as source, but for real applications, developers don't want to spend the time and money supporting their application on a million different variants. Additionally that requires backporting their changes too. It's just a real mess to work with.
Yeah, Red Hat and Novell can't seem to manage. Good thing they're out of business now. (Same with Wolfram + Mathematica, Sun + Java, Map
> just got sick of the constant bullshitting around to configure anything and the constant sub-par user interfaces. The people using Linux always downtalk and downplay OS's like OS X, but have nothing better to show for it, even after developing Linux for over 13 years now.
;). I'm sick of Apple's shitty interpretation of a terminal emulator. I'm sick iTunes auto-launching and auto-deleting my iPod's music collection because it's not "authorized" on that computer. I'm sick of "critical security updates" hosing my production servers. I'm sick of Apple's broken interpretation of init/netinfo and postfix/Apache/etc. Hell, even UNIX Services for Windows is a more sane UNIX...
Hmm, I got sick of bullshitting around to configure anything in OS X. Want a recent emacs? Compile it from CVS yourself. Want a sane user interface on cp/mv/etc.? Download GNU coreutils/textutils/findutils from fink/portage/ports/ftp.gnu.org and compile it yourself! Want a perl with ithreads (the default)? Rip out Apple's and compile it yourself! Want an OS that doesn't automatically kill GDB with SIGSEGV when you try to debug something Apple doesn't want you to? Compile it yourself! Oh wait, you can't, because the critical bits of the OS X kernel are closed source. ("We're Open -- open for business.") Want a broadcom wireless driver that doesn't have a multitude of remote root holes? Write it yourself! OS X is secure because we think it is!
The list goes on and on. I'm sick of the same useless music player with a new theme every month. I'm sick of "Finder", the most inconvenient file manager to date (I like spring loaded folders, but Konqueror has that now
OS X is good for people that use their computers as toys. For everyone else, there are other OSes that are more suitable.
True, a lot of OSS projects copy non-Free projects. I don't see the problem -- they take a good idea, and make it Free for other people to improve upon. That, to me, is a good thing.
Also, don't Apple and MS rip each other off all the time? Isn't Darwin a "clone" of FreeBSD? Isn't Safari a (pretty-looking) "clone" of Konqueror? Isn't TextMate a "clone" of emacs? It goes both ways.
> Please note that it is not an open-and-shut case here that what Gaia was doing was illegal, only detrimental to Google.
Whoa, are you sure about that? What law was the Gaia project violating?
Sure, Google is violating their agreement by letting anyone download the map data, but whose fault is that? If something confidential is posted on a company website, should KDE be sued because I used Konqueror to download it?
Fuck no. Google needs to secure their map data so unauthorized clients can't get it.
All those pirated copies of SuSE Linux and RHEL are putting Novell and Red Hat out of business! I hear this http://www.kernel.org/ site lets you DOWNLOAD LINUX FOR FREE! This must be stopped; think of all the people that won't have income or even jobs if this continues! IP FOR EVAR MAN!
</sarcasm> <!-- sad that I have to have this here -->
This is pretty insane, and is not the proper solution. The proper solution is to stop using e-mail. A more workable solution is to setup something like OpenBSD's spamd white/black/greylist program. I use it on my mail server, and it kills about 99% of the spam that is being sent to me. Spamassassin does a pretty good job on the other 1%, and I see about 6-10 spams a week. Not perfect, but it doesn't cost me much in terms of resources, and it keeps e-mail useful for me.
And I don't even have to pay anyone to murder the spammers!
What principle is that? Throwing your freedom (and money) away?
You sound quite ignorant here. There are free (3d-accelerated) drivers for ATI cards called "ati". They work fine on PPC, and are fast enough to allow you to play ppracer (and friends).
If 2d isn't working acceptably, then you simply misconfigured the X Server. This might have been a problem 20 or so years ago, but nowadays it's fine.
I recently switched my old Powerbook G4 from OS X 10.4 to Kubuntu/Dapper Drake, and I find it much more responsive and easier to use. All the nicities of the Powerbook still work fine (notably power management, suspend/resume is nice'n'fast just like in OS X), but you the good OSS apps run much better. (KOffice / KMail/ amaroK / etc. Sorry, Apple's cheap imitations just don't cut it for me.)
The difference between the GPL and an EULA is that the GPL gives you extra rights on top of what you have by default, whereas an EULA takes them away. If the GPL's considered invalid, that means that nobody's allowed to copy the GPL'd work. However, it's up to the person who owns the copyright to sue whomever is still copying the work. Since he GPL'd the software to begin with, he's probably not going to sue people who are distributing the software under the terms of the GPL. So even if the GPL's not "valid", it can still be valid in practice. Obviously the typical EULA is different, since no copying at all is allowed.
Taking away rights and giving away extra rights are two different issues completely. Please don't be confused by the common word "license".
> Here's my tips for preventing SQL injection.
Here are mine that aren't garbage:
> 1) Use stored procedures!!!!!!!
"EXEC dbo.stored_procedure 'Oops'; DROP DATABASE foo; --'"
> 2) escape your escape characters. i.e. in most statments a "'" is stored as "\'" so escape the \ so its stored as "\\'", it will invalidate the SQL statment because SQL will read it as "\'" instead of just "'"
Not sure what you're talking about, but a literal apostrophe is quoted by doubling it in SQL. ' -> ''. However, don't quote -- you'll get it wrong. Use a proper mechanism instead, like prepared statements.
> 2.5) an alternate to escaping characters is to just strip characters unnecessary to be passed with your stored procedure. i.e. strip all quotes, strip all double quotes, strip all equals signs, bash signs, etc.
That's a great idea, until you need to store unicode or have a customer named "O'Reilly".
> 3) Do not send SQL parameters to your page in GET statements!!!!!! Either use session variables or POST statements, session variables are best.
Right, there's no way anyone can see hidden form fields! They're magical! (Also, session variables aren't "best". If you find the need to store SQL in a variable, your program is terribly designed and you need to rethink it. In this day and age of stored procedures and ORMs, you probably shouldn't have ANY SQL in your code.)
4) You should be secure, but if your not comfortable doing that, then provide additional validation.
Always validate -- it saves work later. If a user types 2-1234 as his phone number, and you store that, you won't be able to call him later, completely defeating the purpose of asking him for the data.
If you're not sure that you can remember to validate everything, use a language that taints incoming data and kills the program when you use it. In perl, turning on taint mode will prevent the common pattern of:
my $value = CGI->param('foo');
$dbh->do("SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = $value");
and even:
$sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = ?');
$sth->execute($value);
Since you didn't validate $value, you can't use it (correctly or incorrectly).
Hope this helps.
> Granted, the little prick was being an idiot and trying to stand up for some bizarre imagined right to be be anonymous when questioned by a police officer.
Yes, it's very brave and mature to not stand up for you rights, because who needs rights anyway? We're all here to watch TV and Buy From The Corporations, right?
> end up without the remotest clue what the overal paragraph means
I don't think "overal" means what you think it means.
> $1.99 is the cost of convenience, not ownership
Or you could just download the TV shows from Usenet, without DRM, with higher resolution, and for less money.
Now we know who owns the three devices they sold this year :)
Already done. However, Intel is pressuring key kernel players to use their "official" driver rather than the reverse engineered one. In addition, the reverse engineered driver lacks a few irrelevant features, so the bickering over those issues will keep it out of the kernel tree forever.
Fine with me, though. I use hardware that is usable with blob-free drivers. I am just concerned about other users that don't know what they're getting themselves in to.
You must work at Intel, home of the ipw3945 "free" driver that does nothing but communicate with a proprietary blob daemon that runs as root. Of course, since the kernel part is free, it's OK, right?
Intel and Microsoft can keep their IP -- it's useless junk.
What exactly is "ILLEGAL" about Wine's emulation? Too Free for you?
> And how do you protect Warden from it itself being hacked? You design it kind of like a root kit--that is the user shouldn't be able to alter or disable Warden & they lose the domain over that tiny bit of functionality of their hard drive.
That's trivial to get around. Run it under VMWare or qemu. Now the control of the user's machine is back in the hands of the user. When will people understand that you can't control software that's not entirely in your own hands?
Anyway, the solution to this problem of being banned is trivial. Chargeback. As soon as they start losing money and their credit card processor starts asking questions, they'll start addressing their customer's complaints. If chargebacks don't work, take Blizzard to small claims court. Even if you lose, they'll still waste time and money sending their lawyers to defend themselves. Eventually they'll get the idea.
Summary: You own your computer, not Blizzard. Money talks, letters don't.
Take a look to what happened to this guy for disclosing information via a memo to the CEO. Basically, his company runied his life, all because he pointed out (privately) one thing they did illegally. My advice to the consultant is to quit now, and get a lawyer. If they get a lawyer first, you're screwed:
8 54228
http://yro.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/06/30/1
Interestingly, only three highrise buildings have ever collapsed while burning -- WTC 1, WTC 2, and WTC 7. Coincidence?
> Keyloggers do transmit to certain IP addresses.
Yes, to public IRC channels.