There was some history there. DEC had supported bits of the OSI stack for a long time and they ran sort-of OK. I agree about the verbal diarrhea though, that was bad and was sufficient to cause issues if you had some of the security options on VMS enabled to limit messages.
The fundamental issue with UCX was that it was at best, a kludge. The IP stack came from the Unix world and was orientated towards byte streams, VMS loved message blocks (the basic I/O request overhead was high, but a lot more could be done). Basing an IP stack on QIOs was going to end in tears with lots of extra requests flying around. The most surprising thing was that some of the IP stacks ran quite well (i.e., MultiNet). Towards the end, UCX wasn't that bad either.
Unfortunately, it was never particularly fast in the VMS implementation of DECnet/OSI. To be fair, I don't know if anyone really had a chance to properly optimise the code before VMS was steered towards retirement.
DECnet Phase V was a fairly complete implementation of OSI, which is why it was later called DECnet/OSI It was big and complicated (like the protocol) but it did work. The full stack was implemented though.
I think that you will find that asynchronous clocks have been around a lot longer than the 8600, with examples going back to some of the earliest computers.
As with the 8600, designers recognised the problems of clock skew, if nothing else because of the physical scale of the construction so alternatives were found. Now timings are getting very tight at the high end, skew becomes significant on a die level as does power dissipation.
The only surprising thing is that it took so long to come to microprocessors.
Actually that pipeline case is probably disinformation.
The Trans-Sib pipeline control system was developed by a UK company. It used MC6800s and was written in assembler. The stuff was so unstable anyway due to the hand coded networking that deliberate interference would hve been picked up during the shake down (the code was continually being rewritten and EPROMs reblown).
Not quite correct. To administer all that, they need computers. Yes, bureaucrats are 10 a penny there but how do you minimise corruption or even just plain incompetence?
Computers are quite good at that because it is a very good way to make procedures transparent.
Computers also facilitate information exchange. The villagers may have phones but it is still hard work to work out which market you take your produce to.
But what if you are unaware that the volume contains content protection? Unless say, a CD includes a statement along the lines that it contains special DRM, which even may be irrelevant if you, say, play on a Linux box.
In an orgnisation, I can understand the need for 'approved' applications. However, one of the more enlightened banks that I worked at had Opera and Firefox available, officially to support alternate browsers for customer access. Unofficially many IT staff installed alternative browsers and it meant that there was no monoculture thus reducing the banks vulnerability.
This is really no different from filings of many similar speculative businesses. You may want to check out biotech companies, they are so speculative that they can make cold-fusion look positively blue-chip!
its all about getting large return on invetsment. These investors look for risky projects. They will research them a little and they are happy when just a few make money, because then the return is large enough to offset the other portfolio losses. This is how investment works, you spread your risk across a class of projects and is a reason why this is really for people who can afford to split their money.
Lets look at this another way. I bought one CD in the last twelve months. Did I download lots, well actually no even though there are some good free sites. I really don't have much time as there are so many other things to do. Germany may be one of the world's largest exporters, but it really isn't doing that well and there a lot of people who are jobless.
Copying original media from a friend was always permitted in Germany. This why blank media (and computers) carry a special tax which goes back to the entertainment industry. Dowloading may be problem free with older albums but the file sharing networks are full of duds placed by the industry.
The entertainment industry's real worry about the Internet is that it bypasses their distribution chain and it is a competitor for people's free time (a finite commodity). Probably it is that last thing that is the major worry.
The PIN is usually encoded using different master keys. You will actually find that in reality, less than 33% of the available key space is available. Six digit codes are much better but infrequent.
When anyone in the financial industry spots unusual activity, they are trained to raise a Suspicious Activity Report or SAR. There are some definite things that always have to be reported like currency movements of $10K, (using the Currency Transaction Reports. The thing about the SAR is that as opposed to the CTR, it isn't so specific, so it is very much up to the financial institution.
These would initially go to the fed who would pass them on to DHS, IRS or whoever. The whole thing makes the financial institution err on the side of over-reporting. Not raising an SAR on something that turns out to be an issue (i.e., that Egyptian's down payment for flying lessons) will dump the FI in deep trouble with the regulators.
In most cases the problem can be sorted with a quick call for a reason and a source of funds. In this case it should have been clear that the people had other funds and they were looking to pay of their debt. With a reasonable explanation, all should have been quickly settled.
Oh, I do AML/KYC systems for a largeish bank so this is why I can comment.
Ah, but Eco was cleverer (unsurprising), in his book, he had a publisher write a book deliberately combining theories to boost sales until all various 'fringe' secret societies believe that he has somehow discovered their darkest secrets. In the book, Eco proposes that it doesn't matter how wild your ideas are if enough people believe them. Eco though treats his reader a little like a fellow academic, he isn't the easiest of reads. Brown is extremely dumbed down by comparison.
The "Da Vinci Code" like Brown's other books, is pitched at a low but very accessible level, and one has to admire him for it. The habit of reading seems to be dying so anything that encourages more people to pick up a book must be supported, so what if the author is a hack. Brown hasn't written much so it is quite possible that once in the habit, the principle of moving to something harder may occur and the reader moves to better books.
We use one of the better Kodak scanners, full duplex and with ADF. We run it through Captiva and we get fully searchable OCRed documents (with the original document image). These end up being filed on an archive system. It works, but the solution is very proprietary and extremely expensive.
Of course it helps to be a big bank to be able to afford such systems. SoHo prioced scanners can be nice, but they generally aren't full-duplex and the ADFs tend to jam if the paper quality isn't 100%.
If you remember, they had 3-d moving holographic projectors in Star Wars. Padme would probably been filmed a lot as a high-ranking person so Leia may have seen those.
One investment bank funds its IT by a per transaction cost. This is a little like what some third party vendors do. It then becomes interesting for the IT department to be proactive about improving the whole trading/settlement thing and they have plenty of money.
Or for practical purposes - think something like eBay but for commodities. I need Rice, UI can bid for it but can only buy within 100Km. It saves going to a lot of markets.
Really, markets in Africa are incredibly inefficient. One may have lots of tomatoes but no rice, you may to 30Km to get the one with Rice. Yep, you can do it also by phone, but digital services permit better and wider information transfer.
Don't just read this article, have a look at some of the other stuff in the Exile.
Even though it has mellowed of late (do you want your door broken down by tax police in ski-masks and your visa cancelled?), it is still one of the better write-ups of life in Moscow.
He should know. He apparently spoke it rather well. I still find his comments from his travels through Germany rather amusing and my daughter was able to use some of his description of Heidelberg in her studies at the university there.
Although from the same linguistic family (but English also owes a lot to French and Latin) there are some important grammatical differences. The issue with interpreting German is that the verb (and any negation) may come at the end of the sentence. German can have some very long sentences.
For a human, the issue is that you can't interpret based on the phrase, so a human interpreter has quite a lot to do. The interesting thing is that experienced interpreters do this unconsciously.
I have been an admiring user of interpreters for many years now and one handled English/Japanese/Russian.
No, the first worm was earlier, but it stayed inside one company's very large internal DECnet network. It was a networking mapping script that went wrong on DEC's Easynet in the early eighties that was supposed to collect adjacency information and then execute itself on any compatible adjacent nodes. I guess you can see the problem there (it never checked in case it had already visited a node).
The employee concerned was never caught although he sometimes would admit to it a loong time later.
The key work on virtualisation precedes IBM and it dates back to Cambridge University and Titan. Perhaps this is why IBM do not persue their patents on virtualisation much these days. IBM likes Xen and even has articles about it in their Developerworks website.
The Xen approach is more generalised than OpenVZ and they have already expressed their interest in supporting true VM supporting hardware like the AMD Pacifica. They also have the concept of being able to checkpoint and move VMs between machines. This is very interesting stuff. If anything was to go into the Kernel, I would prefer the Xen support.
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The fundamental issue with UCX was that it was at best, a kludge. The IP stack came from the Unix world and was orientated towards byte streams, VMS loved message blocks (the basic I/O request overhead was high, but a lot more could be done). Basing an IP stack on QIOs was going to end in tears with lots of extra requests flying around. The most surprising thing was that some of the IP stacks ran quite well (i.e., MultiNet). Towards the end, UCX wasn't that bad either.
Unfortunately, it was never particularly fast in the VMS implementation of DECnet/OSI. To be fair, I don't know if anyone really had a chance to properly optimise the code before VMS was steered towards retirement.
DECnet Phase V was a fairly complete implementation of OSI, which is why it was later called DECnet/OSI It was big and complicated (like the protocol) but it did work. The full stack was implemented though.
As with the 8600, designers recognised the problems of clock skew, if nothing else because of the physical scale of the construction so alternatives were found. Now timings are getting very tight at the high end, skew becomes significant on a die level as does power dissipation.
The only surprising thing is that it took so long to come to microprocessors.
The Trans-Sib pipeline control system was developed by a UK company. It used MC6800s and was written in assembler. The stuff was so unstable anyway due to the hand coded networking that deliberate interference would hve been picked up during the shake down (the code was continually being rewritten and EPROMs reblown).
Computers are quite good at that because it is a very good way to make procedures transparent.
Computers also facilitate information exchange. The villagers may have phones but it is still hard work to work out which market you take your produce to.
But what if you are unaware that the volume contains content protection? Unless say, a CD includes a statement along the lines that it contains special DRM, which even may be irrelevant if you, say, play on a Linux box.
In an orgnisation, I can understand the need for 'approved' applications. However, one of the more enlightened banks that I worked at had Opera and Firefox available, officially to support alternate browsers for customer access. Unofficially many IT staff installed alternative browsers and it meant that there was no monoculture thus reducing the banks vulnerability.
This is really no different from filings of many similar speculative businesses. You may want to check out biotech companies, they are so speculative that they can make cold-fusion look positively blue-chip!
its all about getting large return on invetsment. These investors look for risky projects. They will research them a little and they are happy when just a few make money, because then the return is large enough to offset the other portfolio losses. This is how investment works, you spread your risk across a class of projects and is a reason why this is really for people who can afford to split their money.
What content protection? A bit for bit copy is just that.
Copying original media from a friend was always permitted in Germany. This why blank media (and computers) carry a special tax which goes back to the entertainment industry. Dowloading may be problem free with older albums but the file sharing networks are full of duds placed by the industry.
The entertainment industry's real worry about the Internet is that it bypasses their distribution chain and it is a competitor for people's free time (a finite commodity). Probably it is that last thing that is the major worry.
The PIN is usually encoded using different master keys. You will actually find that in reality, less than 33% of the available key space is available. Six digit codes are much better but infrequent.
These would initially go to the fed who would pass them on to DHS, IRS or whoever. The whole thing makes the financial institution err on the side of over-reporting. Not raising an SAR on something that turns out to be an issue (i.e., that Egyptian's down payment for flying lessons) will dump the FI in deep trouble with the regulators.
In most cases the problem can be sorted with a quick call for a reason and a source of funds. In this case it should have been clear that the people had other funds and they were looking to pay of their debt. With a reasonable explanation, all should have been quickly settled.
Oh, I do AML/KYC systems for a largeish bank so this is why I can comment.
The "Da Vinci Code" like Brown's other books, is pitched at a low but very accessible level, and one has to admire him for it. The habit of reading seems to be dying so anything that encourages more people to pick up a book must be supported, so what if the author is a hack. Brown hasn't written much so it is quite possible that once in the habit, the principle of moving to something harder may occur and the reader moves to better books.
Of course it helps to be a big bank to be able to afford such systems. SoHo prioced scanners can be nice, but they generally aren't full-duplex and the ADFs tend to jam if the paper quality isn't 100%.
If you remember, they had 3-d moving holographic projectors in Star Wars. Padme would probably been filmed a lot as a high-ranking person so Leia may have seen those.
One investment bank funds its IT by a per transaction cost. This is a little like what some third party vendors do. It then becomes interesting for the IT department to be proactive about improving the whole trading/settlement thing and they have plenty of money.
Really, markets in Africa are incredibly inefficient. One may have lots of tomatoes but no rice, you may to 30Km to get the one with Rice. Yep, you can do it also by phone, but digital services permit better and wider information transfer.
Even though it has mellowed of late (do you want your door broken down by tax police in ski-masks and your visa cancelled?), it is still one of the better write-ups of life in Moscow.
More of them went over to AMD. This is one of the reasons that they have been doing so well.
He should know. He apparently spoke it rather well. I still find his comments from his travels through Germany rather amusing and my daughter was able to use some of his description of Heidelberg in her studies at the university there.
For a human, the issue is that you can't interpret based on the phrase, so a human interpreter has quite a lot to do. The interesting thing is that experienced interpreters do this unconsciously.
I have been an admiring user of interpreters for many years now and one handled English/Japanese/Russian.
The employee concerned was never caught although he sometimes would admit to it a loong time later.
The Xen approach is more generalised than OpenVZ and they have already expressed their interest in supporting true VM supporting hardware like the AMD Pacifica. They also have the concept of being able to checkpoint and move VMs between machines. This is very interesting stuff. If anything was to go into the Kernel, I would prefer the Xen support.