I'm pretty sure that you could take any axis and get around 10% difference in fluctuations, it is fairly randomly dispersed after all, this should happen. Quite. Quite wrong, actually.
If you are measuring the cosmic background radiation, you are detecting photons.
If the background radiation is truely random, and you sample 100 photons, the chances of one 'side' being 10% stronger than the other are not that unlikely.
If you sample 1M photons, the chances of one 'side' being 10% stronger than the other is vanishingly small. At this point, you should start to rethink your hypothesis (that the cosmic background radiation is truely random, coming in from all directions).
If you set up your experiment to 'watch' the CBR for a month or a year, there are literally trillions upon trillions of samples. It's difficult to communicate how unlikely it would be to see one side 10% stronger than the other, if the CBR were truely random.
It's like when you throw pebbles/beans/whatever small object on a surface and observe the results versus when you ask someone to create a pseudo-random repartition by hand. It's not like that at all, unless you mean your 'small object' is on the order of a grain of sand, and your 'handful' is several million tons of this sand.
(someone that has no idea how "nature's" randomness works). Irony. Palpable.
Also, there is one 'higher class' authentication layer implemented already, mentioned on episode 107 of security now podcast http://www.grc.com/securitynow.htm :
Verisign has an OpenID implementation, https://pip.verisignlabs.com/, with a plugin for firefox that makes it easy to manage signing into sites.
Verisign's implementation is already behind the paypal and ebay security fobs, and if you get a pip account, you can buy one and use it for secure authentication everywhere. They cost $30 from verisign, but only $5 from paypal: http://paypal.com/securitykey
The definition of page size in this case is: "the sum of the file sizes for all the elements that make up a page, including the defining HTML file as well as all embedded objects (e.g., image files with GIF and JPG pictures)." Try it with as many terms as you want, I'm sure you'll get similar results. How sure are you that I'll get similiar results?
I tried it with your terms, and didn't get similiar results at all.
Measurements taken on "Net" tab of Firebug, which lists all HTTP requests for the page and the Content-Length.
This situation is exacerbated, even, by the fact that many responses are gzipped, and the Content-Length in this case represents the compressed length, rather than the space taken by the response in cache (which I assume is uncompressed, but I could be wrong here).
I believe they're part of the US, but they are not under the jurisdiction of any State. So, Federal law is applicable to reservations, but not any State's law.
[quote]Don't ever visit France, you'd hate it (unless you speak French).[/quote]
I have visited France, twice. One month each time. I don't know French at all: Literally, the only real statements I know are "I do not speak French", "Hello", "Goodbye", and "Thank you".
I enjoyed myself quite a bit.
I never found the French to be 'purposefully rude' like their US stereotype -- however, there were a few cultural differences, like smoking in elevators, that might be considered rude in the US. (a true stereotype: the smoking rate over there is insane, I was often just short of gagging in enclosed public places).
And, just about everybody I met spoke enough English for me to converse with them. In fact, I had bought some French language tapes and books before going there, and looked forward to picking up some rudimentary French, but most of the people I met were thrilled with the idea of 'practicing' their English on an American.
I agree with you a lot more than the parent. But, this statement is hyperbole as well:
I valued my grandmother and great grandmother all the way up till the end and would have paid any costs asked of me to keep them alive longer.
Would you have paid, say, the cost of a house (call it $200k) to keep your grandparents alive for one more week? If you would have, then, how about $500k, or $1M? How many years of debt was 1 more week for grandma worth to you, personally?
Assuming that indentured servitude still existed, would you have been willing to indenture yourself, working the next 20 years at no profit to yourself, to give one more week to grandma?
Life is precious and until someone proves otherwise, we only get one shot at it. I don't see how you can put a price tag on that.
Your own life is presumably of nearly infinite value to you. There are perhaps a few things or people you would sacrifice it for. But, if you ask yourself the simple mortgage question above and you're honest with yourself, you CAN put a price on someone else's life.
Sealtbelt laws arent there as a "nanny-state" precaution as so many of our laws are, they're to stop you from flying through your widshield and causing more damage to everybody else!
Just imagine if you are filming your best friend's wedding, some joker walks by with his jukebox--maybe not even audiable enough for you to notice, but loud enough for the system to detect it, and the watermarking causes your camera to stop recording.
The article doesn't say but how will you know if your code is making choices better than their existing system? I wouldn't be submitting my code unless I was sure I was going to win. Then again I'm not a gambler or a coder;)
I laughed a bit (at myself?) after reading this comment. I *am* a gambler (poker) and a coder, and I've already downloaded the dataset and started work!
That makes no sense at all. Remember, and this is something that you seem to be completely ignoring, This is a keyboard, it sends keystrokes to the motherboard, it does not send packets to the Internet!
It makes perfect sense. Remember, and this is something that you seem to be completely ignoring, despite the fact that the article mentions and I repeated it in my message: There are some programs, like SSH and remote desktop, that send packets to the internet as soon as keypresses are received.
So, this method depends on an "unwitting accomplice", sure, but programs like this exist (and ssh, at least, is very common).
A) It can 'transmit' any data it wants along the connection from the keyboard to the computer, encoded in the timing of keypresses. For example, it could transmit a keypress every 2ms max. If the keypress is transmitted on an odd ms, then the bit being transferred is a 1, otherwise it's a 0. This scheme seems a little naive, but it's a simple example.
B) Some programs send packets interatively, on keypresses. As the article says, programs like SSH, and remote deskop.
So, if you design your transmission protocol to be resilient enough to handle the noise introduced by all the processing between the keypresses hitting the computer and the computer transmitting a packet, as long as the packet transmission is still tied to the keypresses, you could eventually transmit information along this 'channel'.
Now, the issue is just deciding which information to transmit. You could easily just dump its entire buffer over and over. Since this channel will probably be pretty slow, however, you might want to code "password detection" heuristics into your algorithm, so it can try to only send passwords, or at least send them first. A simple heuristic I thought of off the top of my head just now: A sequence of characters that does not form an actual word, but is repeated several times per day/week is probably either a password or a recurring typo. Send these sequences first.
(hence the discussion of 'maternal DNA' since you only get maternal mitochondria.)
I've heard this before, and it "makes sense"... But just to confirm: Do sperm cells not have mitochondria? Or do their mitochondria not make it into the fetus?
Assuming we could keep body parts alive in suspended animation after the host is dead, we could do exactly what Niven described. The question is, will we?
Niven explores the ramifications even more: In "A Gift From Earth", a small human colony is ruled by a relatively fascist government, with dissidents ending up in the organ banks. The government's control is threatened when a "care package" from Earth arrives, with the technology for growing organs directly from scratch, which makes the organ banks obsolete.
In Niven's timeline, this technology came a long time (a few centuries?) after the organ bank concept was perfected. In reality, we will have this technology much more quickly.
As I posted to another reply, if you put a big block of lead on one side of this tunnel, then you would have no particles coming from the "other side of the tunnel"
IANAPhysicist, so could someone explain why this wouldn't work:
The tunneling effect has been demonstrated. Particles can "jump" across materials, provided that their energy is high enough.
So, if you just create a sheet of something that's the right thickness, then particles which don't have enough energy to make the jump will be absorbed in the sheet of material, and particles that are energetic enough will jump the gap. So, now, you have a Demon, filtering out particles below a certain threshold.
How does this violate the spirit of the GPL? We'd have to ask Mr. Stallman for an official answer, but in my opinion, the GPL was intended to maximize people's freedom with regards to the software they use, and I don't see how forcing web sites to publish their server code enhances anyone's freedom.
How much a website would be violating the spirit of the GLP depends on the website.
Say you run a 'site' where anyone can VNC or use Xwindows to connect to a desktop session, and use some GPL derived software that you have written. Now, they are "using" this software, but since you haven't distributed a binary to them, you are not bound by the source disclosure clause of the GPL. (Say you provide a webpage with the Java VNC client, so that it's still technically a "website"). This is clearly a violation of the spirit of the GPL, in my opinion. Does anyone disagree?
Other websites are doing things like running a modified version of some forum software. I personally don't feel that these are a violation of the spirit of the GPL.
Websites which are more like "web applications" fall in between the two of these, but they are closer to the first than the second. I use Gmail all the time. If Gmail were GPL'd, then competitors could run their own, enhanced versions, without "giving anything back".
FreeChess.org is the home of FICS, the "Free Internet Chess Server". I have played there for many years. FICS was originally GPL'd, and anyone could download the source code. But then, some people took a copy of it and opened up a pay-to-play chess site. (I'm not sure which of the sites it is). Because FICS was GPL'd, and this competitor was not distributing a binary, they were not violating the terms of the GPL, although this is another violation of the spirit. Now, FICS is closed source, because of this incident.
As bandwidth improves, and especially if we really do see 10Mbit/sec wireless available everywhere, "service software". With 10Mbit/sec wireless, you will leave your "computer" at home, or rent service from an entity like Google or Sun, and just carry around a portable "thin client".
Pay-by-the-month software could become the norm. (And, I really don't think this is a bad thing, as long as it's cheap enough. I wouldn't mind paying $5 a month for most of the software packages I use).
But, if this sort of "remote access" model of software becomes popular, then the GPL would have a huge loophole in it.
My friend converted his VW Jetta TDI (2001 I think) to veggie oil. Now he can fuel up with diesel, biodiesel, and vegetable oil (in a special, separate tank).
He gets 50 mpg on veggie oil, and his fuel is free. He fills up his normal tank with diesel once every month or two, and he drives a lot.
But, his car really *does* smell like a (clean) deep fryer.
Real deep fryers smell gross, because they've been used and are filled with "dirty" oil (food particles in them and stuff)
His car doesn't smell bad, really, but it is distinctive. (And it smells better than a normal diesel).
First, the marginal cost difference of 3 CDs vs 1 CD is minimal, but could justify a few dollars difference in price. Second, software is FUNCTIONAL - the pricing model on something functional is going to be different from something that is entertainment.
OK, so what about books? Fiction, to be specific. I read fiction for entertainment. Are you suggesting that all books should be the same price, since the cost of reproduction is about the same?
Negative reinforcement is a reward that occurs by subtracting an adverse stimulus from the environment. For example, Fridays are a form of negative reinforcement -- the withdrawal of a negative stimulus (work)
"Withdrawal of negative stimulus (work)" applies to every day, not just Friday. The difference is that on Friday you know that you're not going to have to work on the weekend.
This is starting to sound like it's completely arbitrary as to what you would call positive and negative reinforcement.
I like eating good food. When I eat good food, the removal of the negative stimulus (being in the state of not eating good food) means this is negative reinforcement?
My 1st long term employment was one of 3 men amongst about 50 women in a Library and (possibly because I was only 19 at the time) it was fantastic!
I know I'm reinforcing a stereotype, I'm not trying to flamebait, but my experience has been:
When you are working in a place with a lot of women, if they get along, it's a very great situation.
If women don't get along, it's hell. If even 2 of them don't get along, the others will choose sides, and it's hell.
With men, when they don't get along, they are usually more able to deal with it, and leave petty personal issues at the door.
Now, having said that, there are of course exceptions.
I think what really matters is if a particular person is "a bitch" or not. A bitch doesn't have to be a woman, in this case it can be anyone who whines when they don't get their own way, engages in stupid petty behavior, is two-faced (nice to someone's face and talking trash behind their back), etc...
Something in our culture makes women more likely to be this way than men.
Think of the people you think of as bitchy. I bet most of them are women, and of the men who remain, they are "more effeminate" than "normal", regardless of whether or not they're gay, and in more ways than being "bitchy".
Slashdot Mirror
If you are measuring the cosmic background radiation, you are detecting photons.
If the background radiation is truely random, and you sample 100 photons, the chances of one 'side' being 10% stronger than the other are not that unlikely.
If you sample 1M photons, the chances of one 'side' being 10% stronger than the other is vanishingly small. At this point, you should start to rethink your hypothesis (that the cosmic background radiation is truely random, coming in from all directions).
If you set up your experiment to 'watch' the CBR for a month or a year, there are literally trillions upon trillions of samples. It's difficult to communicate how unlikely it would be to see one side 10% stronger than the other, if the CBR were truely random. It's like when you throw pebbles/beans/whatever small object on a surface and observe the results versus when you ask someone to create a pseudo-random repartition by hand. It's not like that at all, unless you mean your 'small object' is on the order of a grain of sand, and your 'handful' is several million tons of this sand. (someone that has no idea how "nature's" randomness works). Irony. Palpable.
Also, there is one 'higher class' authentication layer implemented already, mentioned on episode 107 of security now podcast http://www.grc.com/securitynow.htm :
Verisign has an OpenID implementation, https://pip.verisignlabs.com/, with a plugin for firefox that makes it easy to manage signing into sites.
Verisign's implementation is already behind the paypal and ebay security fobs, and if you get a pip account, you can buy one and use it for secure authentication everywhere. They cost $30 from verisign, but only $5 from paypal: http://paypal.com/securitykey
I tried it with your terms, and didn't get similiar results at all.
http://www.google.com/search?q=web+page
1) 230KB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_page
2) 173KB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Website
3) 38KB: http://geocities.yahoo.com/
4) 317KB: http://www.steves-templates.com/
5) 189KB: http://www.howstuffworks.com/web-page.htm
6) 263KB: http://www.wpdfd.com/
7) 199KB: http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/frontpage/default.aspx
8) 112KB: http://www.webpagesthatsuck.com/
9) 267KB: http://www.benedict.com/
Measurements taken on "Net" tab of Firebug, which lists all HTTP requests for the page and the Content-Length.
This situation is exacerbated, even, by the fact that many responses are gzipped, and the Content-Length in this case represents the compressed length, rather than the space taken by the response in cache (which I assume is uncompressed, but I could be wrong here).
I believe they're part of the US, but they are not under the jurisdiction of any State.
So, Federal law is applicable to reservations, but not any State's law.
And, Federal law does not prohibit gambling.
I could be wrong though.
Damn, no Street View
[quote]Don't ever visit France, you'd hate it (unless you speak French).[/quote]
I have visited France, twice. One month each time.
I don't know French at all: Literally, the only real statements I know are "I do not speak French", "Hello", "Goodbye", and "Thank you".
I enjoyed myself quite a bit.
I never found the French to be 'purposefully rude' like their US stereotype -- however, there were a few cultural differences, like smoking in elevators, that might be considered rude in the US. (a true stereotype: the smoking rate over there is insane, I was often just short of gagging in enclosed public places).
And, just about everybody I met spoke enough English for me to converse with them. In fact, I had bought some French language tapes and books before going there, and looked forward to picking up some rudimentary French, but most of the people I met were thrilled with the idea of 'practicing' their English on an American.
If you would have, then, how about $500k, or $1M? How many years of debt was 1 more week for grandma worth to you, personally?
Assuming that indentured servitude still existed, would you have been willing to indenture yourself, working the next 20 years at no profit to yourself, to give one more week to grandma?Your own life is presumably of nearly infinite value to you. There are perhaps a few things or people you would sacrifice it for. But, if you ask yourself the simple mortgage question above and you're honest with yourself, you CAN put a price on someone else's life.
Sealtbelt laws arent there as a "nanny-state" precaution as so many of our laws are, they're to stop you from flying through your widshield and causing more damage to everybody else!
I call bullshit.
Just imagine if you are filming your best friend's wedding, some joker walks by with his jukebox--maybe not even audiable enough for you to notice, but loud enough for the system to detect it, and the watermarking causes your camera to stop recording.
If the camera had stopped recording, My best friend's wedding would have been much improved.
The article doesn't say but how will you know if your code is making choices better than their existing system? I wouldn't be submitting my code unless I was sure I was going to win. Then again I'm not a gambler or a coder ;)
I laughed a bit (at myself?) after reading this comment. I *am* a gambler (poker) and a coder, and I've already downloaded the dataset and started work!
That makes no sense at all. Remember, and this is something that you seem to be completely ignoring, This is a keyboard, it sends keystrokes to the motherboard, it does not send packets to the Internet!
It makes perfect sense. Remember, and this is something that you seem to be completely ignoring, despite the fact that the article mentions and I repeated it in my message: There are some programs, like SSH and remote desktop, that send packets to the internet as soon as keypresses are received.
So, this method depends on an "unwitting accomplice", sure, but programs like this exist (and ssh, at least, is very common).
A) It can 'transmit' any data it wants along the connection from the keyboard to the computer, encoded in the timing of keypresses. For example, it could transmit a keypress every 2ms max. If the keypress is transmitted on an odd ms, then the bit being transferred is a 1, otherwise it's a 0. This scheme seems a little naive, but it's a simple example.
B) Some programs send packets interatively, on keypresses. As the article says, programs like SSH, and remote deskop.
So, if you design your transmission protocol to be resilient enough to handle the noise introduced by all the processing between the keypresses hitting the computer and the computer transmitting a packet, as long as the packet transmission is still tied to the keypresses, you could eventually transmit information along this 'channel'.
Now, the issue is just deciding which information to transmit.
You could easily just dump its entire buffer over and over.
Since this channel will probably be pretty slow, however, you might want to code "password detection" heuristics into your algorithm, so it can try to only send passwords, or at least send them first. A simple heuristic I thought of off the top of my head just now: A sequence of characters that does not form an actual word, but is repeated several times per day/week is probably either a password or a recurring typo. Send these sequences first.
(hence the discussion of 'maternal DNA' since you only get maternal mitochondria.)
I've heard this before, and it "makes sense"... But just to confirm: Do sperm cells not have mitochondria? Or do their mitochondria not make it into the fetus?
Assuming we could keep body parts alive in suspended animation after the host is dead, we could do exactly what Niven described. The question is, will we?
Niven explores the ramifications even more: In "A Gift From Earth", a small human colony is ruled by a relatively fascist government, with dissidents ending up in the organ banks. The government's control is threatened when a "care package" from Earth arrives, with the technology for growing organs directly from scratch, which makes the organ banks obsolete.
In Niven's timeline, this technology came a long time (a few centuries?) after the organ bank concept was perfected. In reality, we will have this technology much more quickly.
As I posted to another reply, if you put a big block of lead on one side of this tunnel, then you would have no particles coming from the "other side of the tunnel"
What prevents energetic particles from tunneling the other way?
A big block of lead.
IANAPhysicist, so could someone explain why this wouldn't work:
The tunneling effect has been demonstrated. Particles can "jump" across materials, provided that their energy is high enough.
So, if you just create a sheet of something that's the right thickness, then particles which don't have enough energy to make the jump will be absorbed in the sheet of material, and particles that are energetic enough will jump the gap. So, now, you have a Demon, filtering out particles below a certain threshold.
Addiction is when something makes your life worse
Then why do my family keep holding these "Porn interventions". I can't be addicted, because porn definitely makes my life much better!
How does this violate the spirit of the GPL? We'd have to ask Mr. Stallman for an official answer, but in my opinion, the GPL was intended to maximize people's freedom with regards to the software they use, and I don't see how forcing web sites to publish their server code enhances anyone's freedom.
How much a website would be violating the spirit of the GLP depends on the website.
Say you run a 'site' where anyone can VNC or use Xwindows to connect to a desktop session, and use some GPL derived software that you have written. Now, they are "using" this software, but since you haven't distributed a binary to them, you are not bound by the source disclosure clause of the GPL. (Say you provide a webpage with the Java VNC client, so that it's still technically a "website").
This is clearly a violation of the spirit of the GPL, in my opinion. Does anyone disagree?
Other websites are doing things like running a modified version of some forum software. I personally don't feel that these are a violation of the spirit of the GPL.
Websites which are more like "web applications" fall in between the two of these, but they are closer to the first than the second. I use Gmail all the time. If Gmail were GPL'd, then competitors could run their own, enhanced versions, without "giving anything back".
FreeChess.org is the home of FICS, the "Free Internet Chess Server". I have played there for many years. FICS was originally GPL'd, and anyone could download the source code. But then, some people took a copy of it and opened up a pay-to-play chess site. (I'm not sure which of the sites it is). Because FICS was GPL'd, and this competitor was not distributing a binary, they were not violating the terms of the GPL, although this is another violation of the spirit. Now, FICS is closed source, because of this incident.
As bandwidth improves, and especially if we really do see 10Mbit/sec wireless available everywhere, "service software". With 10Mbit/sec wireless, you will leave your "computer" at home, or rent service from an entity like Google or Sun, and just carry around a portable "thin client".
Pay-by-the-month software could become the norm. (And, I really don't think this is a bad thing, as long as it's cheap enough. I wouldn't mind paying $5 a month for most of the software packages I use).
But, if this sort of "remote access" model of software becomes popular, then the GPL would have a huge loophole in it.
The GPL needs to address this issue.
The interesting bit is a gene mutation regarding CCR5 that was found to stop HIV dead in its tracks
I hear that a lot of people with this gene mutation were born on the bayou.
My friend converted his VW Jetta TDI (2001 I think) to veggie oil. Now he can fuel up with diesel, biodiesel, and vegetable oil (in a special, separate tank).
He gets 50 mpg on veggie oil, and his fuel is free. He fills up his normal tank with diesel once every month or two, and he drives a lot.
But, his car really *does* smell like a (clean) deep fryer.
Real deep fryers smell gross, because they've been used and are filled with "dirty" oil (food particles in them and stuff)
His car doesn't smell bad, really, but it is distinctive. (And it smells better than a normal diesel).
First, the marginal cost difference of 3 CDs vs 1 CD is minimal, but could justify a few dollars difference in price. Second, software is FUNCTIONAL - the pricing model on something functional is going to be different from something that is entertainment.
OK, so what about books? Fiction, to be specific. I read fiction for entertainment. Are you suggesting that all books should be the same price, since the cost of reproduction is about the same?
Negative reinforcement is a reward that occurs by subtracting an adverse stimulus from the environment. For example, Fridays are a form of negative reinforcement -- the withdrawal of a negative stimulus (work)
"Withdrawal of negative stimulus (work)" applies to every day, not just Friday. The difference is that on Friday you know that you're not going to have to work on the weekend.
This is starting to sound like it's completely arbitrary as to what you would call positive and negative reinforcement.
I like eating good food. When I eat good food, the removal of the negative stimulus (being in the state of not eating good food) means this is negative reinforcement?
My 1st long term employment was one of 3 men amongst about 50 women in a Library and (possibly because I was only 19 at the time) it was fantastic!
I know I'm reinforcing a stereotype, I'm not trying to flamebait, but my experience has been:
When you are working in a place with a lot of women, if they get along, it's a very great situation.
If women don't get along, it's hell. If even 2 of them don't get along, the others will choose sides, and it's hell.
With men, when they don't get along, they are usually more able to deal with it, and leave petty personal issues at the door.
Now, having said that, there are of course exceptions.
I think what really matters is if a particular person is "a bitch" or not. A bitch doesn't have to be a woman, in this case it can be anyone who whines when they don't get their own way, engages in stupid petty behavior, is two-faced (nice to someone's face and talking trash behind their back), etc...
Something in our culture makes women more likely to be this way than men.
Think of the people you think of as bitchy. I bet most of them are women, and of the men who remain, they are "more effeminate" than "normal", regardless of whether or not they're gay, and in more ways than being "bitchy".