There were CPU cards for the Apple ][, but these were complete computers on a card that simply allowed use of the Apple ][ I/O.
Most of these were just a CPU (usually a Z80) and the minimal logic necessary to take over from the 6502 on the motherboard. A relatively small handful of cards included their own RAM; it was far cheaper to use what was already in the computer.
The only Apple II expansion card that comes to mind that really was a complete computer on a card was the Applied Engineering PC Transporter, which had an 8088-compatible CPU, up to 768K RAM, an MFM floppy controller, CGA-compatible graphics that could also drive an analog RGB monitor (commonly used with the IIGS), and most of the other bits that would make up a complete PC/XT-compatible computer. More recently, a Carte Blanche could be configured as a nearly standalone computer, running in an Apple II or on a board that provides Apple II expansion slots.
Land? What currency has ever been backed with land?
Rentenmarks were backed by land and industrial goods to replace Papiermarks (of hyperinflation infamy). One trillion Papiermarks were tradable for one Rentenmark. It was only a temporary measure, supplanted by the Reichsmark at a 1:1 ratio.
Rentenmarks were backed by land because Germany had been cleaned out of gold by WWI.
Aside: I think you'll find that the Walmart printers are dye-sub, not inkjet.
An earlier post said they use Fujifilm Frontier equipment. Drilling down a bit through their website turned up this PDF for a couple of their models, in which we learn that these machines use red, green, and blue lasers to expose an image onto photo paper, which is then developed with chemicals. It's not dye sublimation or inkjet technology, and while it uses lasers, it's not a xerographic process (what laser printers use). They've replaced the enlarger with a setup that scans the image onto paper with colored lasers. Once the latent image is on paper, though, it's not significantly different from the color photo-printing processes that have been used for decades.
Mauna Loa is about 13,000ft above sea level at the peak. I was the only one that didn't have a problem breathing, but our rental SUV barely made it up...
How many decades ago was that? Anything reasonably modern (and rentals are usually no more than a year or so old) would be fuel-injected and computer-controlled; altitude shouldn't affect it like that. I've driven up to Pikes Peak (about 14100', IIRC), and my car didn't have any issues. (It was a 2004 Oldsmobile Alero...nothing particularly exotic. Still drive it to work every day.)
You can write code that can use all 3 interchangeably. I do it all the time, as my queries hit tables stored in all 3 formats and it's just way easier to go generic that try and keep your code strait between data sources.
Perhaps if you're just doing basic select/insert/update/delete queries with nothing too fancy, you can get away with that. Try doing anything even slightly more advanced than that (like pushing your database logic into stored procedures and/or functions instead of leaving it mixed in with your PHP, C#, or whatever) and things start getting interesting. Even something as seemingly simple as returning just part of a result set (select top 10 * from tbl in SQL Server vs. select * from tbl limit 10 in MySQL) can get in the way if you're looking to do something cross-platform. (You could return the entire set and have non-SQL code extract the subset you want, but that would be lame.)
... I can do 120 WPM with my new-ish (last 5 years) wireless Logitech keyboard, too. I would have thought that layout (QERTY vs. Dvorak) and familiarity is important, not the sturdiness (I-can-use-my-keyboard-as-a-cludgel) and clickiness (you-can-hear-me-type-from-the-next-block). And I like the start key, actually. It's handier than cntrl-escape.;):)
I have the right Alt & Ctrl keys mapped to the Windows & Menu keys with some software I found years ago. On boot, it remaps the keys you want and then exits. That then means using some other rarely-used key as an escape key for things like VirtualBox, but I'm OK with that.
...but would you want to type on it for any extended length of time? My work computer has a 25-year-old IBM Model M plugged in. At home, I have one of its successors from Unicomp (with a USB plug and Windows keys, combined with the same key mechanism). Try finding either of those at Big Lots for $8.
(In fairness, my Model M was maybe $15-$20 from a random eBay seller.)
and is obviously not very good at his/her job if he/she can't figure out how to pass content from the server with AJAX.
And if he were reaaally good at his job, he'd know that you don't need AJAX to swap pictures on screen. (Why did the GGP mention it anyway? I don't get it what it has to do with the task at hand anyway.)
At least you weren't trying to browse TFA on a tablet or phone...on my iPad, the first page and every other page after that was a warning that the page I wanted wasn't "mobile-optimized." If you can't code your page to be usable on all devices, you're doing it wrong.
(One minor point in their favor: at least they're not using that abortion known as Onswipe. Whoever decided scrolling should be replaced with pagination should be taken outside and shot.)
Xaxa already set you straight, so as you now know there have been two types of "optical" mice: (1) the original variety that still used a ball with internal optical sensors to read its motion from "spokes" in little wheels attached to the spindles that made contact with the ball, and then (2) MUCH later a true optical mouse with no moving internal parts (except button switches) that sensed motion directly from the surface on which the mouse moved.
I was of course referring to (1).
There were optical (not optomechanical, but optical) mice going further back than that. The Sun workstations I used in the early '90s used a type of optical mouse that only worked with a special mousepad.
Z80s at 15MHz must be getting harder to get, too. They're already using 150KB of RAM and limiting it to 24k, too. At some point, you might as well upgrade it.
You can still get brand-new 65C02s (now at 14 MHz); a quick shows Mouser has them in stock. I'd think the Z80 would be similarly available, especially given all of the embedded systems that have used it over the past few decades.
But at $78,500 before a $7,500 tax rebate that doesn't fit the American concept of pricing.
...not to mention that 265 miles per charge doesn't fit the American concept of usable range. I live in Las Vegas. Nothing is within 265 miles of here: not Los Angeles, not San Diego, not Phoenix, not Salt Lake City, not Reno. You might get to Kingman, Laughlin, or St. George (or even Nothing, for that matter:-) ) and back on a charge, but that's about it. I'd imagine the story's not much different anywhere else you might live.
That sounds a bit fishy. A Raspberry Pi can't keep up with switching a fridge on and off to keep temperature in a range? That beggars belief. I have an Apple II bit-banging a 1-Wire temperature sensor and clock and toggling a relay on and off for the same purpose. If a 1-MHz 6502 can run a fermentation fridge, I'd think a Raspberry Pi would be more than up to the task. I'm pretty sure there's a 1-Wire USB interface available that would let the RPi use the same sensor I'm using, with less overhead.
They send *digital* signals over usb:). Imagine that?
Good luck feeding that digital signal to the composite input jack on the TV in your hotel room. Hope you like whatever "reality"-TV tripe is on the air, or that you have other plans for your evening that don't involve the TV.
Not true, at all. I started out with an Altair 8080 that I built. It was programmed by stepping through the memory location one at a a time and setting the byte stored there with paddle switches. When I got a TRS-80, I could type just fine and really liked creating code that I could show anyone how to read. Yes, you could substitute symbols, but why do it. If you knew how to type, then it was better for readable code.
On the Apple II at least, ? got tokenized the same way as PRINT. When you listed the program you just entered, you'd get PRINT wherever you had entered ?. One character to type vs. five, for the same result.
(The first computer I had at home was a TI-99/4A, followed by an Apple IIe a couple of years later. Before either of those, though, my grandfather had bought a TRS-80 Color Computer. I learned BASIC on that machine, and had started picking up 6809 assembly language before we moved overseas. Some of the concepts still were useful when I started learning 6502 assembly language.)
I just leave it out in the middle of a rain storm and it comes out shiny and clean!
That trick doesn't work so well in the middle of the desert. We had rain in Las Vegas early this morning, and my car's a mess. All the dust in the air comes down when it rains, and it usually doesn't keep raining afterward long enough to wash it off your car.
More browser competition on the iPhone is fantastic, but it'd be even better if iOS allowed you to change the default browser so that when you tapped a link in an email it would open in that browser.
You could still buy vacuum tubes in the late 70's and early 80's.
'70s and '80s? You can still buy them today. There are even companies (mostly in Russia, other former Warsaw Pact countries, and China) that still make tubes, so you can get brand-new ones for your gear.
That's just the one company I've bought from in the past to fix my old radios; there are others as well that should turn up with a little bit of google-fu.
Since you mentioned the Model T there's one hill on a former highway near me where my grandmother had to put the thing in reverse and go up backwards (reverse on that gearbox is a lower ratio than first).
I'd heard that the reason you had to back Model Ts up steep hills was to keep the fuel tank above the carburetor. If you tried going uphill in the usual manner, the fuel tank would end up below the carburetor. Since the carburetor was gravity-fed (no fuel pump), the engine would conk out as soon as the fuel bowl ran dry.
Atari is probably the only company that didn't use MS Basic, because they couldn't squeeze it into their limited ROM space.
There was a Microsoft BASIC cartridge for the 8-bit Ataris. It probably wasn't as common as the usual Atari BASIC, but it was out there.
Another prominent non-Microsoft BASIC implementation was Integer BASIC on the Apple II. The II+ and later machines switched to a Microsoft BASIC in order to add floating-point math, though you can load Integer BASIC into RAM if you have at least 64K.
No, in a nutshell, still correct. There is a limit on address space (64K), so memory saved is memory saved, no matter how many bytes.
It couldn't have added much...as others have already said, maybe a few dozen bytes.
The Apple IIe also had 16K of ROM, and that turned out to be enough for a floating-point BASIC interpreter with a tokenizer, a monitor, a mini-assembler, and 80-column display firmware. Pretty much every other computer of the era's BASIC interpreter had a tokenizer; the only one I ever ran across that didn't was a ZX81, and I suspect that one-button BASIC keywords might have been as much a workaround for the wretched keyboard (even worse than the one on the Atari 400) as a way to shave a handful of bytes out of the ROM image.
How would things go if you submitted an iOS version of that? Things have changed.
Look up Best of FTA. Used to be you could get it to drop to a BASIC prompt, but I think the current version reboots on Ctrl-Reset. I tried changing the startup slot in the Control Panel, but got nowhere with that. I think you could still transfer ProDOS filesystem images over to it and use it as a more general-purpose Apple IIGS emulator, but I've not tried doing that yet.
I am sure its just geo-ip location. I don't think they'd put GPS on the device. To many applications have inside structures with metal roofs, and underground where GPS works poorly if at all.
The Sprint Airave I used to have came with a GPS antenna on a long cable that you were supposed to put next to a window. It needed GPS not for location purposes, but because CDMA requires a highly-accurate clock to work properly.
You could get into the Mini Assembler the same way on an Apple//e.
Only with the enhanced ROMs. Mine didn't come with them. About four years after it was purchased, a friend with an enhanced IIe and an EPROM burner copied the ROMs in his machine for me...add in a 65C02 and I ended up with an enhanced IIe for maybe $10 in parts.
Slashdot Mirror
Most of these were just a CPU (usually a Z80) and the minimal logic necessary to take over from the 6502 on the motherboard. A relatively small handful of cards included their own RAM; it was far cheaper to use what was already in the computer.
The only Apple II expansion card that comes to mind that really was a complete computer on a card was the Applied Engineering PC Transporter, which had an 8088-compatible CPU, up to 768K RAM, an MFM floppy controller, CGA-compatible graphics that could also drive an analog RGB monitor (commonly used with the IIGS), and most of the other bits that would make up a complete PC/XT-compatible computer. More recently, a Carte Blanche could be configured as a nearly standalone computer, running in an Apple II or on a board that provides Apple II expansion slots.
Land? What currency has ever been backed with land?
Rentenmarks were backed by land and industrial goods to replace Papiermarks (of hyperinflation infamy). One trillion Papiermarks were tradable for one Rentenmark. It was only a temporary measure, supplanted by the Reichsmark at a 1:1 ratio.
Rentenmarks were backed by land because Germany had been cleaned out of gold by WWI.
An earlier post said they use Fujifilm Frontier equipment. Drilling down a bit through their website turned up this PDF for a couple of their models, in which we learn that these machines use red, green, and blue lasers to expose an image onto photo paper, which is then developed with chemicals. It's not dye sublimation or inkjet technology, and while it uses lasers, it's not a xerographic process (what laser printers use). They've replaced the enlarger with a setup that scans the image onto paper with colored lasers. Once the latent image is on paper, though, it's not significantly different from the color photo-printing processes that have been used for decades.
Mauna Loa is about 13,000ft above sea level at the peak. I was the only one that didn't have a problem breathing, but our rental SUV barely made it up...
How many decades ago was that? Anything reasonably modern (and rentals are usually no more than a year or so old) would be fuel-injected and computer-controlled; altitude shouldn't affect it like that. I've driven up to Pikes Peak (about 14100', IIRC), and my car didn't have any issues. (It was a 2004 Oldsmobile Alero...nothing particularly exotic. Still drive it to work every day.)
Perhaps if you're just doing basic select/insert/update/delete queries with nothing too fancy, you can get away with that. Try doing anything even slightly more advanced than that (like pushing your database logic into stored procedures and/or functions instead of leaving it mixed in with your PHP, C#, or whatever) and things start getting interesting. Even something as seemingly simple as returning just part of a result set (select top 10 * from tbl in SQL Server vs. select * from tbl limit 10 in MySQL) can get in the way if you're looking to do something cross-platform. (You could return the entire set and have non-SQL code extract the subset you want, but that would be lame.)
... I can do 120 WPM with my new-ish (last 5 years) wireless Logitech keyboard, too. I would have thought that layout (QERTY vs. Dvorak) and familiarity is important, not the sturdiness (I-can-use-my-keyboard-as-a-cludgel) and clickiness (you-can-hear-me-type-from-the-next-block). And I like the start key, actually. It's handier than cntrl-escape. ;) :)
I have the right Alt & Ctrl keys mapped to the Windows & Menu keys with some software I found years ago. On boot, it remaps the keys you want and then exits. That then means using some other rarely-used key as an escape key for things like VirtualBox, but I'm OK with that.
...but would you want to type on it for any extended length of time? My work computer has a 25-year-old IBM Model M plugged in. At home, I have one of its successors from Unicomp (with a USB plug and Windows keys, combined with the same key mechanism). Try finding either of those at Big Lots for $8.
(In fairness, my Model M was maybe $15-$20 from a random eBay seller.)
and is obviously not very good at his/her job if he/she can't figure out how to pass content from the server with AJAX.
And if he were reaaally good at his job, he'd know that you don't need AJAX to swap pictures on screen. (Why did the GGP mention it anyway? I don't get it what it has to do with the task at hand anyway.)
At least you weren't trying to browse TFA on a tablet or phone...on my iPad, the first page and every other page after that was a warning that the page I wanted wasn't "mobile-optimized." If you can't code your page to be usable on all devices, you're doing it wrong.
(One minor point in their favor: at least they're not using that abortion known as Onswipe. Whoever decided scrolling should be replaced with pagination should be taken outside and shot.)
Xaxa already set you straight, so as you now know there have been two types of "optical" mice: (1) the original variety that still used a ball with internal optical sensors to read its motion from "spokes" in little wheels attached to the spindles that made contact with the ball, and then (2) MUCH later a true optical mouse with no moving internal parts (except button switches) that sensed motion directly from the surface on which the mouse moved.
I was of course referring to (1).
There were optical (not optomechanical, but optical) mice going further back than that. The Sun workstations I used in the early '90s used a type of optical mouse that only worked with a special mousepad.
Z80s at 15MHz must be getting harder to get, too. They're already using 150KB of RAM and limiting it to 24k, too. At some point, you might as well upgrade it.
You can still get brand-new 65C02s (now at 14 MHz); a quick shows Mouser has them in stock. I'd think the Z80 would be similarly available, especially given all of the embedded systems that have used it over the past few decades.
...not to mention that 265 miles per charge doesn't fit the American concept of usable range. I live in Las Vegas. Nothing is within 265 miles of here: not Los Angeles, not San Diego, not Phoenix, not Salt Lake City, not Reno. You might get to Kingman, Laughlin, or St. George (or even Nothing, for that matter :-) ) and back on a charge, but that's about it. I'd imagine the story's not much different anywhere else you might live.
...and nothing of value was lost. :-P
That sounds a bit fishy. A Raspberry Pi can't keep up with switching a fridge on and off to keep temperature in a range? That beggars belief. I have an Apple II bit-banging a 1-Wire temperature sensor and clock and toggling a relay on and off for the same purpose. If a 1-MHz 6502 can run a fermentation fridge, I'd think a Raspberry Pi would be more than up to the task. I'm pretty sure there's a 1-Wire USB interface available that would let the RPi use the same sensor I'm using, with less overhead.
They send *digital* signals over usb :). Imagine that?
Good luck feeding that digital signal to the composite input jack on the TV in your hotel room. Hope you like whatever "reality"-TV tripe is on the air, or that you have other plans for your evening that don't involve the TV.
Not true, at all. I started out with an Altair 8080 that I built. It was programmed by stepping through the memory location one at a a time and setting the byte stored there with paddle switches. When I got a TRS-80, I could type just fine and really liked creating code that I could show anyone how to read. Yes, you could substitute symbols, but why do it. If you knew how to type, then it was better for readable code.
On the Apple II at least, ? got tokenized the same way as PRINT. When you listed the program you just entered, you'd get PRINT wherever you had entered ?. One character to type vs. five, for the same result.
(The first computer I had at home was a TI-99/4A, followed by an Apple IIe a couple of years later. Before either of those, though, my grandfather had bought a TRS-80 Color Computer. I learned BASIC on that machine, and had started picking up 6809 assembly language before we moved overseas. Some of the concepts still were useful when I started learning 6502 assembly language.)
That trick doesn't work so well in the middle of the desert. We had rain in Las Vegas early this morning, and my car's a mess. All the dust in the air comes down when it rains, and it usually doesn't keep raining afterward long enough to wash it off your car.
Browser Changer will do that.
'70s and '80s? You can still buy them today. There are even companies (mostly in Russia, other former Warsaw Pact countries, and China) that still make tubes, so you can get brand-new ones for your gear.
That's just the one company I've bought from in the past to fix my old radios; there are others as well that should turn up with a little bit of google-fu.
I'd heard that the reason you had to back Model Ts up steep hills was to keep the fuel tank above the carburetor. If you tried going uphill in the usual manner, the fuel tank would end up below the carburetor. Since the carburetor was gravity-fed (no fuel pump), the engine would conk out as soon as the fuel bowl ran dry.
Two teaspoons. So mych for that example.
There was a Microsoft BASIC cartridge for the 8-bit Ataris. It probably wasn't as common as the usual Atari BASIC, but it was out there.
Another prominent non-Microsoft BASIC implementation was Integer BASIC on the Apple II. The II+ and later machines switched to a Microsoft BASIC in order to add floating-point math, though you can load Integer BASIC into RAM if you have at least 64K.
It couldn't have added much...as others have already said, maybe a few dozen bytes.
The Apple IIe also had 16K of ROM, and that turned out to be enough for a floating-point BASIC interpreter with a tokenizer, a monitor, a mini-assembler, and 80-column display firmware. Pretty much every other computer of the era's BASIC interpreter had a tokenizer; the only one I ever ran across that didn't was a ZX81, and I suspect that one-button BASIC keywords might have been as much a workaround for the wretched keyboard (even worse than the one on the Atari 400) as a way to shave a handful of bytes out of the ROM image.
Look up Best of FTA. Used to be you could get it to drop to a BASIC prompt, but I think the current version reboots on Ctrl-Reset. I tried changing the startup slot in the Control Panel, but got nowhere with that. I think you could still transfer ProDOS filesystem images over to it and use it as a more general-purpose Apple IIGS emulator, but I've not tried doing that yet.
The Sprint Airave I used to have came with a GPS antenna on a long cable that you were supposed to put next to a window. It needed GPS not for location purposes, but because CDMA requires a highly-accurate clock to work properly.
Only with the enhanced ROMs. Mine didn't come with them. About four years after it was purchased, a friend with an enhanced IIe and an EPROM burner copied the ROMs in his machine for me...add in a 65C02 and I ended up with an enhanced IIe for maybe $10 in parts.