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  1. Bad embryology on First Pterosaur Embryo Fossil Discovered · · Score: 4, Informative

    Maybe you are joking.

    Humans have gill slits, not gills, and limb buds, not fins or wings. The old saying is "Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny." It is not exactly true, though. The embryology of humans resembles that of many mammals. It resembles fish embryology, too, but not for as long. We share similar adult body patterns and similar patterning genes to many animals, and our early embryology can looks similar. It is not as if we grow to be fish really early and then keep going since we are more evolved than fish.

  2. Too late on Heat Insulators for Laptops · · Score: -1, Redundant

    This product comes too late for at least one man.

  3. Encryption across platforms on Hi-speed USB2 Flash Drive Round-Up · · Score: 1

    I have wanted to use one of these devices to keep private information. It appears that many of the flash drives have Windows encryption programs. Is there encryption for these drives that works on all major operating systems (meaning Windows and true or work-alike UNIX, such as OS X, Linux, FreeBSD)?

  4. I think I know what happened. on Send A Message To An LED Sign · · Score: 1

    Somebody set him up the bomb. He get signal. Main LED turn on. All his base are belong to us. He is on the way to destruction. He have no chance to survive make his time.

    For great justice.

  5. Truckers on NYT: Making Free Wireless Wi-Fi Internet Pay · · Score: 1

    Many truck stops offer WiFi, as covered last month. There was a /. story on them last year. I even saw a billboard advertising WiFi at a Flying J truck stop over the weekend.

  6. Happy Hacking on Is Caps Lock Dead? · · Score: 5, Informative

    Use the Happy Hacking keyboard. It has no Caps Lock. Its Control key is in the right place.

  7. Learn some quantum physics. on Hi-speed USB2 Flash Drive Round-Up · · Score: 1

    Bosons are symmetric with respect to exchange. Fermions are not.

  8. Re:NYT Jokes on NYT on Spam Cops · · Score: 2, Informative

    For the record, I submitted the article. I did not submit the registration required joke with it. Since Taco posted the story, he probably added it.

  9. Have you ever tried? on CNN Notices that WiFi is Insecure · · Score: 4, Funny

    It is hard to break WEP. Even though attacks are theoretically possible, my experience is that it takes too long to collect enough packets. I let AirSnort run for most of a day. It collected nothing. On a low traffic home network, WEP is quite good.

    I really do not know the details of attacking WEP, so maybe there are fast cracking approaches. Writing as someone who uses WEP and casually tried to break WEP, WEP provides a high barrier to network infiltration. A stranger would have to make a lengthy effort to do it.

  10. My suspicion on NYT on Spam Cops · · Score: 1

    The DMA might see spam as competition and a detriment to already bad public relations. People complain about the junk mail and telemarketing calls. Spam is the spreading of those techniques into a new medium. Spammers probably do not belong to the DMA, though, and if spam is successful, it might steal DMA members' business. The cost structure of traditional direct marketing must be quite different from spamming. Telephone marketing requires employees. Direct mailing has a cost per piece of mail. Spamming seems to have a relatively low incremental cost for sending additional spam since bandwidth is usually sold on a time rate basis rather than by usage.

  11. Property and 911 records on Open Maps? · · Score: 1

    For taxation purposes, counties, parishes and municipalities have records of real estate. Many of them have begun to move their records to GIS. Another potential source for information is 911. 911 led to standardized addresses even for rural locations. The postal service update to rural free delivery (RFD) is tied to it. Under the old RFD scheme, addresses were given in terms of route and box. To standardize mail delivery and 911 service, even rural locations now have number and street addresses.

    These potential information sources reflect government modernization programs. I have no idea how widely they have been implemented.

  12. Chloride is quite different. on The DDR Workout - It's Official · · Score: 1

    Many chlorinated organic chemicals pose significant health risks. When they are metabolized, free radicals form. In these chemicals, chlorine is covalently bound as part of the structure.

    In table salt, the chlorine exists as chloride, the -1 charged ion. It is not likely to lead to free radical formation, and it does not appear to pose the same risks.

  13. PKU on The DDR Workout - It's Official · · Score: 1

    PKU is a lifetime condition because it is a lack of an enzyme. Without a special diet free from phenylalanine, PKU is most detrimental to young children. People with PKU cannot metabolize phenylalanine normally. In people with PKU, phenylalanine is metabolized by an alternate pathway that leads to toxic products. In young children, these toxic products lead to abnormal development of the nervous system and mental retardation. If the diet is free from phenylalanine, people with PKU develop normally. Even though the risks are greatest in early life, doctors currently recommend that people with PKU eat a phenylalanine free diet throughout life.

  14. I do not know. on Synthetic Life In The Lab · · Score: 1

    Your question is good. I do not know how anesthesia affects thalamic activity. Maybe someone else can enlighten us. I am sure the answer depends somewhat on the anesthesia. Some anesthetics have rather focused effects compared to others that provide more general suppression of neural activity. Some very quick research seems to indicate that some anesthetics do promote patterns similar to sleep in the thalamus and that others just generally suppress thalamic activity.

  15. Re:Guess it depends on the definition of "life" on Synthetic Life In The Lab · · Score: 1

    This question initially has some appeal as a meaningful one, but that appeal faded as I understood more about viruses. They have genetic material, DNA or RNA, proteins and sometimes lipids. They infect cells and rely on the cells' existing components to reproduce.

    The question of whether they are alive becomes a matter of opinion rather than fact. If a person chooses to see maintained genomes as the central element of life, they are. If protein synthesis is necessary, they are not. Regardless of anyones specific opinions, scientific inquiry has reduced the question of whether viruses are alive into one that can be addressed based on what they really do. In the process, we can see what components we individually can consider when determining whether something is alive. Our individual answers are, at least as far as I am concerned, do not matter much.

  16. Re:Aristotle's Book After Physics on Synthetic Life In The Lab · · Score: 1

    Goedel's incompleteness theorem, in my very incomplete understanding of it, bears only indirectly on science. It shows that there are statements within axiomatic logical systems whose truth cannot be evaluated. Science is not merely an axiomatic logical system, however. Mathematical frameworks are useful for understanding and predicting physical phenomena. I am not aware of unresolvable statements in such logical systems that translate into material events. One major reason is the difference between mathematics and science. Mathematics attempts to generate proofs based on assumptions. Scientists try to restrict their assumptions, but they are free to enlarge the set. Each expansion makes for more ambiguous statements, but I am not sure that the new ambiguous statements always have physical meanings.

  17. Re:Hope this will bring us closer to on Synthetic Life In The Lab · · Score: 1

    This debate is old. The vitalists were a group who believed that life contained some special essence. Most of what I have read about this historical controversy comes from Ernst Mayr. All attempts to identify processes that rely on a vital force failed. All identified processes follow the known rules of biochemistry and thermodynamics. There does not seem to be any "spark of life," and this debate died out in mainstream biology in the face of the repeated successes of physical approaches.

  18. Re:Be more specific on Synthetic Life In The Lab · · Score: 1

    The thalamus is unlikely to be the seat of consciousness. It is a collection of nuclei that resides underneath the cerebral cortex. Many of these nuclei function as switching stations as information passes from sensory organs to the cortex. It does have very different properties during arousal versus sleep. During sleep, its activity tends to be rhythmic and independent of sensory input. When awake, its output closely tracks its input. It certainly has something to do with consciousness, but I doubt very much that the bulk of consciousness is localized there. One big reason I believe so is the relative lack of interaction among sensory modalities. A large portion of what people mean by consciousness is the ability to integrate information from a variety of sources including the different senses, memory and language. Thalamus does not fit that description.

  19. Maybe, maybe not on From the Higgs Boson Particle to Leadbelly · · Score: 1

    A quick, easy googling reveals several conflicting ideas about how he got his nickname. You committed the very error I warned against, trying to tell everyone how it really is without providing the least smidgen of evidence. Do you have any evidence that favors your explanation and rules out the others?

  20. Re:Sheesh - All Around Wrong on From the Higgs Boson Particle to Leadbelly · · Score: 4, Informative

    "Where Did You Sleep Last Night?" was not written entirely by Leadbelly. It borrows heavily from a folk song often called "In the Pines." I once played it following the Leadbelly and Nirvana versions, but one musician recognized it from bluegrass. Others know it as "The Longest Train" or "The Longest Train I Ever Saw." The lyrics to some versions make much more sense than others, particularly regarding the decapitation verses.

    This mixing and changing of songs is and has been very common. The urge to be authoritative is very strong, but you ought to avoid it here. I have read Ledbelly, Lead Belly and Leadbelly without finding any truly convincing arguments about which is correct. Did he carry around buckshot in his belly? Was it just from Ledbetter? I do not know. With unwritten traditions, the roads often just peter out without leading anywhere conclusive.

  21. Genetics on Fish with Limbs · · Score: 1

    Genes are the elements of evolution. They duplicate, mutate, recombine and otherwise change with time. Focusing on phenotype to the exclusion of genotype is the wrong approach. While the clues from paleontology are rarely genetic, the genetic case for evolution is overwhelming because the premises are simple and demonstrable. Genes have anatomical and physiological consequences. Genes are subject to mutation. Anti-evolution people have a much harder time making a case against molecular biology and thermodynamics than they do arguing against transitional forms.

  22. Misfit on People with real l337 speak names? · · Score: 1

    Am I guaranteeing my child becomes a misfit?

    Yes, you are, but it does not depend on naming. Your choice to reproduce is more at fault.

  23. Re:Orkut and "rating" friends ? on Social Networking in the Digital Age · · Score: 1

    They don't judge the strength of those connections. Connections between any pair are rated as present or absent. Then second order present or absent, and so on. There are degrees of presence that are much finer than an integer count of degrees. Two people unknown to each other but sharing a very good friend in common probably are closer on average than two people unknown to each other who have only a common acquaintance.

  24. Re:Orkut and "rating" friends ? on Social Networking in the Digital Age · · Score: 1

    IMO, they would be better off judging closeness of friendship using clustering. Besides their direct link, how well linked are the pair? It is not the same thing, however, and it has some obvious biases.

    Clustering importantly avoids the social clumsiness of rating. Ranking people is a social faux pas in many eyes, and a social networking site might do well to avoid offense.

    Whether they have the computing power to compute the clustering measures is another question.

  25. Re:Diversity on Six Months Old, Eight New Organs · · Score: 1

    I may have been unclear, but I did not write that cheetahs are all female. I wrote that they are all nearly genetically identical. I apologize for the confusion.

    Their genetics allow for some interesting veterinary medicine. I once heard a zoo veterinarian say that cheetahs can accept skin grafts from other cheetahs without rejection. She said that the sight of a cheetah with a patch of spots that are different from the rest is a stronge one.

    I do not think that there are any mammalian examples of parthenogenesis. At least, I was taught so in biology several years ago.